| effect of plant genotype on the transformation of cultivated alfalfa (medicago sativa) by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the trait for somatic embryogenesis is being introduced sexually into alfalfa (medicago sativa) breeding populations to facilitate genetic transformation of this crop. cocultivation experiments were conducted with an agronomically-improved embryogenic clone from one such population as well as with two other embryogenic clones, one of which was the source of the embryogenic trait in the breeding populations. transgenic plants were produced from the agronomically-improved clone whereas none were p ... | 1994 | 24193831 |
| expression of soybean-embryo lipoxygenase 2 in transgenic tobacco tissue. | to assess the role of lipoxygenase (lox; ec 1.13.11.12) in plants, we increased the expression of lox in the tissues of nicotiana tabacum l. cv. 'ky 14' by over-expression of the lox2 gene from the soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill) embryo. the lox2 cdna was manipulated by replacing its 5'-untranslated sequence with the translational enhancer of the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), and subcloned into a plant expression vector, 3' to a duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the amv-lox2 con ... | 1992 | 24178044 |
| genetic transformation of medicago species by agrobacterium tumefaciens and electroporation of protoplasts. | shoot and leaf segments of a non-regenerable medicago sativa l. genotype were cocultivated with the "shooty" mutant of agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the pgv 2206 plasmid. transformed callus lines were selected and regenerated on the hormone free b5 medium. southern blot analysis demonstrated integration of t-dna in to the genome of the regenerated plants.transgenic plants resistant to kanamycin were obtained by electroporation of medicago borealis protoplasts with the pga 472 plasmid dna. | 1990 | 24232780 |
| parameters affecting the frequency of kanamycin resistant alfalfa obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. | kanamycin resistant plants of medicago varia a2 were obtained by an optimized procedure for high frequency transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of leaf and petiole tissue. parameters which affected the frequency were explant type, the agrobacterium strain used and the time allowed for cocultivation. under optimum conditions, i.e., using the agrobacterium strain a281 and a 4 day cocultivation period, the frequency of transformed leaflets obtained was greater than 70%. | 1988 | 24240404 |
| transformation of forage legumes using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | galls were induced in six species of forage legumes following inoculation with wild-type strains of a. tumefaciens. the plant species was more influential than the bacterial strain in determining the type of tumour produced. inoculation of medicago sativa resulted in small, disorganised tumours. the three trifolium species, t. repens, t. hybridum and t. pratense, formed galls which tended to produce roots and both onobrychis viciifolia and lotus corniculatus produced teratomatous galls. the shoo ... | 1986 | 24247771 |
| the functional analysis of distinct tospovirus movement proteins (nsm) reveals different capabilities in tubule formation, cell-to-cell and systemic virus movement among the tospovirus species. | the lack of infectious tospovirus clones to address reverse genetic experiments has compromised the functional analysis of viral proteins. in the present study we have performed a functional analysis of the movement proteins (nsm) of four tospovirus species bean necrotic mosaic virus (benmv), chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (csnv), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), which differ biologically and molecularly, by using the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) model sy ... | 2017 | 27697453 |
| the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus interacts and interferes with the transcriptional activity of the bhlh transcription factor ilr3 promoting salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling response. | during virus infection, specific viral component-host factor interaction elicits the transcriptional reprogramming of diverse cellular pathways. alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) can establish a compatible interaction in tobacco and arabidopsis hosts. we show that the coat protein (cp) of amv interacts directly with transcription factor (tf) ilr3 of both species. ilr3 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family member of tfs, previously proposed to participate in diverse metabolic pathways. ilr3 has been ... | 2017 | 26929142 |
| structural studies on tobacco streak virus coat protein: insights into the pleomorphic nature of ilarviruses. | tobacco streak virus (tsv), the type member of ilarvirus genus, is a major plant pathogen. tsv purified from infected plants consists of a ss-rna genome encapsidated in spheroidal particles with diameters of 27, 30 and 33nm constructed from multiple copies of a single species of coat protein (cp) subunits. apart from protecting the viral genome, cps of ilarviruses play several key roles in the life cycle of these viruses. unlike the related bromo and cucumoviruses, ilarvirus particles are labile ... | 2016 | 26706030 |
| engineering and expression of a rhoa peptide against respiratory syncytial virus infection in plants. | main conclusion : a rhoa-derived peptide fused to carrier molecules from plants showed enhanced biological activity of in vitro assays against respiratory syncytial virus compared to the rhoa peptide alone or the synthetic rhoa peptide. a rhoa-derived peptide has been reported for over a decade as a potential inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in vitro and in vivo and is anticipated to be a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapy against rsv infectio ... | 2016 | 26474991 |
| control of virus diseases in soybeans. | soybean, one of the world's most important sources of animal feed and vegetable oil, can be infected by numerous viruses. however, only a small number of the viruses that can potentially infect soybean are considered as major economic problems to soybean production. therefore, we consider management options available to control diseases caused by eight viruses that cause, or have the potential to cause, significant economic loss to producers. we summarize management tactics in use and suggest di ... | 2014 | 25410106 |
| biological and molecular variability of alfalfa mosaic virus affecting alfalfa crop in riyadh region. | in 2011-2012, sixty nine samples were collected from alfalfa plants showing viral infection symptoms in riyadh region. mechanical inoculation with sap prepared from two collected samples out of twenty five possitive for alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) by elisa were produced systemic mosaic on vigna unguiculata and nicotiana tabacum, local lesion on chenopodium amaranticolor and c. quinoa. vicia faba indicator plants that induce mosaic and mottle with amv-sagir isolate and no infection with amv-wadi a ... | 2013 | 25288969 |
| the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving complex protein psbp interacts with the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and inhibits virus replication. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) coat protein (cp) is essential for many steps in virus replication from early infection to encapsidation. however, the identity and functional relevance of cellular factors that interact with cp remain unknown. in an unbiased yeast two-hybrid screen for cp-interacting arabidopsis proteins, we identified several novel protein interactions that could potentially modulate amv replication. in this report, we focus on one of the novel cp-binding partners, the arabidopsis ps ... | 2014 | 24940990 |
| comparative mapping of the wild perennial glycine latifolia and soybean (g. max) reveals extensive chromosome rearrangements in the genus glycine. | soybean (glycine max l. mer.), like many cultivated crops, has a relatively narrow genetic base and lacks diversity for some economically important traits. glycine latifolia (benth.) newell & hymowitz, one of the 26 perennial wild glycine species related to soybean in the subgenus glycine willd., shows high levels of resistance to multiple soybean pathogens and pests including alfalfa mosaic virus, heterodera glycines ichinohe and sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary. however, limited informa ... | 2014 | 24937645 |
| genetic diversity, reassortment, and recombination in alfalfa mosaic virus population in spain. | the variability and genetic structure of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) in spain was evaluated through the molecular characterization of 60 isolates collected from different hosts and different geographic areas. analysis of nucleotide sequences in four coding regions--p1, p2, movement protein (mp), and coat protein (cp)--revealed a low genetic diversity and different restrictions to variation operating on each coding region. phylogenetic analysis of spanish isolates along with previously reported am ... | 2014 | 24779352 |
| plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. | a plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (vlps), and vaccines. foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. the broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. engineered virus-based ... | 2014 | 24751193 |
| patellins 3 and 6, two members of the plant patellin family, interact with the movement protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and interfere with viral movement. | movement proteins (mps) encoded by plant viruses interact with host proteins to facilitate or interfere with intra- and/or intercellular viral movement. using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we herein present in vivo evidence for the interaction between alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) mp and arabidopsis patellin 3 (atpatl3) and patellin 6 (atpatl6), two proteins containing a sec14 domain. proteins with sec14 domains are implicated in membrane trafficking, cytoske ... | 2014 | 24751128 |
| the movement protein (nsm) of tomato spotted wilt virus is the avirulence determinant in the tomato sw-5 gene-based resistance. | the avirulence determinant triggering the resistance conferred by the tomato gene sw-5 against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is still unresolved. sequence comparison showed two substitutions (c118y and t120n) in the movement protein nsm present only in tswv resistance-breaking (rb) isolates. in this work, transient expression of nsm of three tswv isolates [rb1 (t120n), rb2 (c118y) and non-resistance-breaking (nrb)] in nicotiana benthamiana expressing sw-5 showed a hypersensitive response (hr) ... | 2014 | 24690181 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus isolated from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in argentina. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) isolate infecting alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in argentina, amv-arg, was determined. the virus genome has the typical organization described for amv, and comprises 3,643, 2,593, and 2,038 nucleotides for rna1, 2 and 3, respectively. the whole genome sequence and each encoding region were compared with those of other four isolates that have been completely sequenced from china, italy, spain and usa. the nucleotide identity percent ... | 2014 | 24510307 |
| phosphorylation of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein in vivo. | the 32-kda movement protein, p3, of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is essential for cell-to-cell spread of the virus in plants. p3 shares many properties with other virus movement proteins (mps); however, it is not known if p3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, which is important for the function of other mps. when expressed in nicotiana tabacum, p3 accumulated primarily in the cell walls of older leaves or in the cytosol of younger leaves. when expressed in pischia pastoris, p3 acc ... | 2014 | 24435161 |
| effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic infections with a multipartite plant rna virus. | multipartite plant viruses were discovered because of discrepancies between the observed dose response and predictions of the independent-action hypothesis (iah) model. theory suggests that the number of genome segments predicts the shape of the dose-response curve, but a rigorous test of this hypothesis has not been reported. here, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), a tripartite alfamovirus, and transgenic nicotianatabacum plants expressing no (wild type), one (p2), or two (p12) viral genome segments ... | 2013 | 23903837 |
| deletions within the 3' non-translated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna4 do not affect replication but significantly reduce long-distance movement of chimeric tobacco mosaic virus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) rnas 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3' non‑translated regions (ntrs) have been previously shown to be encapsidated into virions by coat protein (cp) expressed from rna3, indicating that the 3' ntrs of rnas 1 and 2 are not required for virion assembly. here, we constructed various mutants by deleting sequences within the 3' ntr of almv subgenomic (sg) rna4 (same as of rna3) and examined the effect of these deletions on replication and translation of chimeric tobacco m ... | 2013 | 23867804 |
| the molecular biology of ilarviruses. | ilarviruses were among the first 16 groups of plant viruses approved by ictv. like alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bromoviruses, and cucumoviruses they are isometric viruses and possess a single-stranded, tripartite rna genome. however, unlike these other three groups, ilarviruses were recognized as being recalcitrant subjects for research (their ready lability is reflected in the sigla used to create the group name) and were renowned as unpromising subjects for the production of antisera. however, ... | 2013 | 23809923 |
| functional expression of human α9* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in x. laevis oocytes is dependent on the α9 subunit 5' utr. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) containing the α9 subunit are expressed in a wide variety of non-neuronal tissues ranging from immune cells to breast carcinomas. the α9 subunit is able to assemble into a functional homomeric nachr and also co-assemble with the α10 subunit into functional heteromeric nachrs. despite the increasing awareness of the important roles of this subunit in vertebrates, the study of human α9-containing nachrs has been severely limited by difficulties in its exp ... | 2013 | 23717646 |
| resistance breaking tomato spotted wilt virus isolates on resistant pepper varieties in italy. | in spring 2012, resistance breaking (rb) isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) that overcome the resistance conferred by the tsw gene in different pepper hybrids have been recovered in different locations in southern italy (campania and apulia regions) in protected cultivation, about one month after transplant. the percentage of symptomatic plants was 5-10% and, only in particular cases of advanced stage of cultivation, it reached 30-50% at the end of cycle. all tswv isolates induced simi ... | 2013 | 25151838 |
| ilarviruses of prunus spp.: a continued concern for fruit trees. | prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. among these viruses, members of the genus ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, muc ... | 2012 | 23148725 |
| systemic transport of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30k family. | we previously showed that the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), brome mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have analysed the capacity of the heterologous mps to systemically transport the corresponding chimeric amv genome. all mps were competent in systemic transport but required the fusion at their ... | 2013 | 23136366 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus replicase proteins, p1 and p2, localize to the tonoplast in the presence of virus rna. | to identify the virus components important for assembly of the alfalfa mosaic virus replicase complex, we used live cell imaging of arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts that expressed various virus cdnas encoding native and gfp-fusion proteins of p1 and p2 replicase proteins and full-length virus rnas. expression of p1-gfp alone resulted in fluorescent vesicle-like bodies in the cytoplasm that colocalized with fm4-64, an endocytic marker, and rfp-atvsr2, rabf2a/rha1-mcherry, and rabf2b/ara7-mcherry, ... | 2012 | 22999257 |
| multifunctional roles for the n-terminal basic motif of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein: nucleolar/cytoplasmic shuttling, modulation of rna-binding activity, and virion formation. | in addition to virion formation, the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is involved in the regulation of replication and translation of viral rnas, and in cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus. an intriguing feature of the amv cp is its nuclear and nucleolar accumulation. here, we identify an n-terminal lysine-rich nucleolar localization signal (nols) in the amv cp required to both enter the nucleus and accumulate in the nucleolus of infected cells, and a c-terminal leucin ... | 2012 | 22746826 |
| virus diseases of peas, beans, and faba bean in the mediterranean region. | in the mediterranean region, pea, bean, and faba bean production is affected by around 17 major viruses. these viruses do not have the same ecology and consequently require a variety of different preventive measures to control them. some of these viruses have a narrow host range, such as faba bean necrotic yellows virus (fbnyv), and others, such as alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), a very wide host range. such features are important when identifying sources of virus ino ... | 2012 | 22682174 |
| co-infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen-resistant plants. | increasingly, pathogen-resistant (pr) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. however pr plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. in this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-resistant trifolium repens (white clover) ... | 2012 | 22471074 |
| transgenic plantlets of 'chancellor' grapevine (vitis sp.) from biolistic transformation of embryogenic cell suspensions. | transgenic plantlets of 'chancellor' grapevine (vitis l. complex interspecific hybrid) were produced via biolistic transformation. embryogenic cell suspensions were bombarded with 1 μm tungsten particles coated with pbi426 which encodes a fusion peptide between β-glucuronidase (gus) and neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii). the fusion peptide is under the control of a double 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and a leader sequence from alfalfa mosaic virus. the cells were placed on kanamyci ... | 1996 | 24178348 |
| controlled cell wall regeneration for efficient microinjections of nicotiana tabacum var. carlson protoplasts. | nicotiana tabacum var. carlson protoplast culture conditions were modified to contain a cell wall inhibitor, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, in order to delay cell wall regeneration and to allow efficient nuclear and cytoplasmic microinjections. under modified conditions, the protoplast preparations appeared healthier as compared to the control protoplasts and showed no resistance at all during microinjection. furthermore, the duration of protoplast microinjection was extended for up to 3-4 days. in o ... | 1990 | 24226592 |
| genotype- and promoter-induced variability in transient β-glucuronidase expression in pea protoplasts. | leaf mesophyll protoplasts isolated from pea (pisum sativum l.) genotypes century and pi244253 showed transient expression of β-glucuronidase (gus) when electroporated with plasmid dna containing various promoter-leader sequence constructs driving the gus gene. the optimum conditions for transient expression were: using protoplasts isolated from leaf material that had been kept in the dark for 90 h; electroporating at 250 v and 960 μf; and using 125 μg of calf thymus carrier dna and 75 μ of plas ... | 1990 | 24226370 |
| biologically active transcripts of cloned dna of the coat protein messenger of two plant viruses. | to initiate infection, a mixture of the three genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) has to be supplemented with a small amount of coat protein or rna 4, the subgenomic messenger for coat protein. the possibility to replace rna 4 in the inoculum by in vitro synthesized transcripts of a cloned dna copy of the coat protein cistron was investigated using the sp6 transcription system. transcripts with or without the cap structure m(7)g(5')ppp(5')g were both translated in vitro in viral coat pro ... | 1986 | 24307327 |
| plant-virus-based vectors for gene transfer will be of limited use because of the high error frequency during viral rna synthesis. | the error frequency during the rna replication of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was calculated to be significantly higher than 10(-5). it may be expected that rna synthesis in general will have low fidelity compared to dna synthesis. the low fidelity of rna replication will severely restrict the usefulness of vectors for genetic engineering which are based on rna viruses, viroids or dna viruses which are replicated via an rna intermediate (e.g. caulimoviruses). spontaneous mutants selected by host ... | 1985 | 24310884 |
| homology between the proteins encoded by tobacco mosaic virus and two tricornaviruses. | a comparison was made of the amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by rnas 1 and 2 of alfalfa mosaic virus (a1mv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv), and the 126k and 183k proteins encoded by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). three blocks of extensive homology of about 200 to 350 amino acids each were observed. two of these blocks are located in the a1mv and bmv rna 1 encoded proteins and the tmv encoded 126k protein; they are situated at the n-terminus and c-terminus, respectively. the third block i ... | 1984 | 24310571 |
| competition between the rna 3 molecules of wildtype alfalfa mosaic virus and the temperature-sensitive mutant tbts 7(uv). | in mixed infections of wildtype (wt) alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and a temperature-sensitive mutant tbts 7(uv), which carries a thermosensitive defect in the early function of the coat protein, the mutant symptoms were not found at 30°c. in the progeny from these mixed infections almost no mutant coat protein and no mutant rna 3 could be detected. even at 23°c there was some loss of mutant rna 3 and coat protein from the progeny of the mixed infections. analysis and comparison of mutant and wt ds ... | 1983 | 24318205 |
| age dependence of cowpea protoplasts for uptake of spermidine and infectibility by alfalfa mosaic virus. | cowpea protoplasts were prepared from plants of different ages and examined for their ability to take up polyamines and for their infectibility by alfalfa mosaic virus. a lag period of ∼20 h was necessary before the onset of rapid polyamine uptake; the occurrence of this rapid uptake depended on the age of the leaves used for protoplast preparation. the percentage of infection of cowpea protoplasts by alfalfa mosaic virus, and the amount of virus produced also depended on the age of the plants u ... | 1983 | 24318141 |
| an alfalfa mosaic virus rna 2 mutant, which does not induce a hypersensitive reaction in cowpea plants, is multiplied to a high concentration in cowpea protoplasts. | a mutant of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), which in contrast to wild type (wt) can invade cowpea plants systemically, is replicated more efficiently in cowpea protoplasts than the wt. mutant preparations isolated from infected cowpea protoplasts contained a higher amount of middle component (m, containing rna 2) than wt preparations. both in cowpea plants and in cowpea protoplasts a wt phenotype is obtained upon addition of wt m to this mutant, suggesting a correlation between the type of plant rea ... | 1983 | 24318140 |
| flow cytometric analysis of tobacco and cowpea protoplasts infected in vivo and in vitro with alfalfa mosaic virus. | immunofluorescence flow cytometry was used to study the distribution of viral antigen in protoplast populations. protoplasts were isolated from healthy and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) infected tobacco leaves (designated in vivo infected). furthermore isolated tobacco and cowpea protoplasts were infected in vitro with amv. the fitc-conjugated antibodies could penetrate formaldehyde fixed protoplasts. the flow cytometric measurements were rapid and reproducible. comparable immunofluorescence patter ... | 1983 | 24318100 |
| open reading frame in the minus strand of two plus type rna viruses. | : inspection of the nucleotide sequences of the rnas complementary to the coat protein mrnas from two plant viruses with a tripartite genome: alfalfa mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus, showed the presence of open reading frames for 138 and 118 amino acids, respectively. a third virus (cowpea chlorotic mottle virus) from the same family (1) does not show this phenomenon. this suggests that if a protein is coded for by the open reading frames it may be not essential for virus multiplication. alt ... | 1982 | 24317896 |
| cell-free translation of exogenous mrna in extracts from dry pea primary axes. | extracts from the primary axes of dry pea (pisum sativum l.) seeds are able to perform an initiation-dependent translation of exogenous mrna. sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the products synthesized under direction of alfalfa mosaic virus rna (amv-rna) and tobacco mosaic virus rna (tmv-rna) shows that the fidelity of translation in this pea system is at least as high as in a wheat embryo cell-free protein synthesizing system. the endogenous messengers are also efficiently translated in ... | 1980 | 24311079 |
| aerobic microorganisms associated with alfalfa leafcutter bees (megachile rotundata). | characterization of microorganisms associated with alfalfa leaf-cutter bee (megachile rotundata) nectar, pollen, provisions, larval guts, and frass (excreta) in alberta demonstrated a varied aerobic microflora. yeasts were isolated frequently from nectar, pollen, and provisions but rarely from guts or frass. the most prevalent yeast taxa were: candida bombicola, cryptococcus albidus, metschnikowia reukaufii, and rhodotorula glutinis. although few filamentous fungi were found in nectar, they were ... | 1993 | 24190009 |
| the effect of arthrobotrys conoides on meloidogyne incognita population densities in corn as influenced by temperature, fungus inoculum density, and time of fungus introduction in the soil. | in greenhouse experiments, the effect of arthrobotrys conoides on meloidogyne incognita population densities as affected by soil temperature, inoculum density, and green alfalfa was determined. the effect on m. incognita population densities was greater at a soil temperature of 25 c than at 18 or 32 c. nematode control by a. conoides was most effective when the fungus was introduced into the soil 2 wk prior to nematode inoculation and planting of corn. inoculum density of a. conoides was positiv ... | 1982 | 19295692 |
| population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita on corn grown in soil in fested with arthrobotrys conoides. | microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil incorporation of the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys conoides and green alfalfa mulch on the population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita on corn. reproduction of m. incognita and the incidence of root galling were reduced by the addition of a. conoides and/or green alfalfa in all tests. numbers of juveniles were reduced by as much as 84%, and eggs were fewest in early to mid-season soil samples from microplots ... | 1982 | 19295673 |
| do organic amendments enhance the nematode-trapping fungi dactylellina haptotyla and arthrobotrys oligospora? | soil cages (polyvinyl chloride pipe with mesh-covered ends) were used to determine how the quantity of two organic amendments affected the nematode-trapping fungi dactylellina haptotyla and arthrobotrys oligospora, which were studied independently in two different vineyards. each cage contained 80 cm(3) of field soil (120 g dry weight equivalent), fungal inoculum (two alginate pellets, each weighing 1.9 mg and containing assimilative hyphae of one fungus), and dried grape or alfalfa leaves (0, 3 ... | 2004 | 19262815 |
| biological control of meloidogyne hapla on alfalfa and tomato with the fungus meria coniospora. | this study was to determine whether arthrobotrys flagrans, a. oligospora, and meria coniospora would control the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla on alfalfa and tomato. alfalfa seeds were coated with a fungus-rye powder in 2% cellulose and were planted in infested soil. three-week-old seedlings from seed treated with m. coniospora had 60% and 58% fewer galls in two experiments than did seedlings from untreated seeds. numbers of j2 in the soil were not reduced. plant growth did not improve. w ... | 1989 | 19287596 |
| fascioliasis and intestinal parasitoses affecting schoolchildren in atlixco, puebla state, mexico: epidemiology and treatment with nitazoxanide. | the atlixco municipality, puebla state, at a mean altitude of 1840 m, was selected for a study of fasciola hepatica infection in schoolchildren in mexico. this area presents permanent water collections continuously receiving thaw water from popocatepetl volcano (5426 m altitude) through the community supply channels, conforming an epidemiological scenario similar to those known in hyperendemic areas of andean countries. | 2013 | 24278492 |
| mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses. | in the current study, mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses are reviewed, with an emphasis on the occurrence of these diseases in south america. the main mycotoxicoses observed in grazing cattle include intoxications by indole-diterpenoid mycotoxins (paspalum spp. contaminated by claviceps paspali, lolium perenne infected by neotyphodium lolii, cynodon dactylon infected by claviceps cynodontis, and poa huecu), gangrenous ergotism and dysthermic syndrome (hyperthermia) caused by festuca arundinac ... | 2013 | 24091682 |
| inhibition of cereal rust fungi by both class i and ii defensins derived from the flowers of nicotiana alata. | defensins are a large family of small, cysteine-rich, basic proteins, produced by most plants and plant tissues. they have a primary function in defence against fungal disease, although other functions have been described. this study reports the isolation and characterization of a class i secreted defensin (nad2) from the flowers of nicotiana alata, and compares its antifungal activity with the class ii defensin (nad1) from n. alata flowers, which is stored in the vacuole. nad2, like all other c ... | 2014 | 24015961 |
| effects of microbial enzymes on starch and hemicellulose degradation in total mixed ration silages. | this study investigated the association of enzyme-producing microbes and their enzymes with starch and hemicellulose degradation during fermentation of total mixed ration (tmr) silage. | 2017 | 27165015 |
| draft genome sequence of biocontrol agent bacillus cereus uw85. | bacillus cereus uw85 was isolated from a root of a field-grown alfalfa plant from arlington, wi, and identified for its ability to suppress damping off, a disease caused by phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis on alfalfa. here, we report the draft genome sequence of b. cereus uw85, obtained by a combination of sanger and illumina sequencing. | 2016 | 27587823 |
| changes in microbial contamination levels and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in alfalfa (medicago sativa) and rapeseed (brassica napus) during sprout production in manufacturing plants. | samples were taken from three sprout processing plants at five different stages of production (a total of 20 investigations). quantitative analyses comprised aerobic plate counts (apcs) and the measurement of coliforms and bacillus cereus levels, whereas qualitative analyses involved assessing the levels of escherichia coli and major foodborne pathogens (e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., and staphylococcus aureus). the apc for alfalfa seeds (3·71-4·61 log cfu g(-1)) and r ... | 2013 | 23051104 |
| leguminose green juice as an efficient nutrient for l(+)-lactic acid production. | lactic acid is one of the most important building blocks for the production of bioplastic. many investigations have been conducted to reduce the lactic acid production costs. in this work, the focus was put on the application of legume pressed juice or green juice as nutrient source. the pressed juice was utilized directly without prior pre-treatment and sterilization. using two different alfalfa green juices and a clover green juice from two different harvest years as sole nutrients, non-steril ... | 2016 | 27422353 |
| oral administration of lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in calves. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary probiotics on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in dairy calves. twelve holstein calves were randomly allocated to three treatments: a basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with lactobacillus plantarum gf103 (lb) or basal diet supplemented with a mixture of lactobacillus plantarum gf103 and bacillus subtilis b27 (lbs). a milk replacer was fed to calves from 8 days of age. a starter and alfalfa hay was offered ad libit ... | 2016 | 27628956 |
| pretreatment of fibrous biomass and growth of biosurfactant-producing bacillus subtilis on biomass-derived fermentable sugars. | pretreatment of six fibrous biomasses (switchgrass, alfalfa, soy hulls, soy fiber, ddgs and baggase) and subsequent hydrolysis using cellulolytic enzymes at a 2.5% (v/v) and 5% (v/v) loading 2.5 (v/v) and 5% (v/v) loading was compared for higher amounts of sugars released. soaking of biomasses of switchgrass, alfalfa, soy hulls and bagasse in 15% w/w ammonia was optimal at 60 °c for 12 h, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, yielding 72, 70, 80 and 75% carbohydrate conversions, respectively. howeve ... | 2016 | 26590967 |
| expression of an evolved engineered variant of a bacterial glycine oxidase leads to glyphosate resistance in alfalfa. | the main strategy for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate in plants is the overexpression of an herbicide insensitive, bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps). a glyphosate resistance strategy based on the ability to degrade the herbicide can be useful to reduce glyphosate phytotoxicity to the crops. here we present the characterization of glyphosate resistance in transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) expressing a plant-optimized variant of glycine oxidase (go) from ba ... | 2014 | 24905148 |
| early season host plants of apolygus lucorum (heteroptera: miridae) in northern china. | apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) (heteroptera: miridae) has become a severe pest of cotton and many other crops in northern china as a result of the widespread adoption of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) cotton, with a corresponding reduction of broad-spectrum insecticide application in cotton fields. from the middle of april to middle june, a. lucorum feeds and develops on other host plants before dispersing to cotton fields. effective suppression of a. lucorum populations before they enter cotto ... | 2012 | 23156156 |
| large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance. | the refuge strategy is used worldwide to delay the evolution of pest resistance to insecticides that are either sprayed or produced by transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops. this strategy is based on the idea that refuges of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide promote survival of susceptible pests. despite widespread adoption of this approach, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. here we tested the refuge strategy with 8 y of data on refuge ... | 2012 | 22215605 |
| scouting contaminated estuaries: heavy metal resistant and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the native metal rhizoaccumulator spartina maritima. | spartina maritima is a native endangered heavy metal rhizoaccumulator cordgrass naturally growing in southwest coasts of spain, where is used as a biotool to rehabilitate degraded salt marshes. fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of s. maritima growing in the estuary of the tinto river, one of the most polluted areas in the world. a high proportion of bacteria were resistant towards several heavy metals. they also exhibited multiple plant growth promoting (pgp) propertie ... | 2015 | 25467875 |
| the effects of bean leafroll virus on life history traits and host selection behavior of specialized pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum, hemiptera: aphididae) genotypes. | intraspecific specialization by insect herbivores on different host plant species contributes to the formation of genetically distinct "host races," but the effects of plant virus infection on interactions between specialized herbivores and their host plants have barely been investigated. using three genetically and phenotypically divergent pea aphid clones (acyrthosiphon pisum l.) adapted to either pea (pisum sativum l.) or alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), we tested how infection of these hosts by ... | 2017 | 28062535 |
| transient endophytic colonizations of plants improve the outcome of foliar applications of mycoinsecticides against chewing insects. | the current work reports how spray application of entomopathogenic fungi on alfalfa, tomato and melon plants may cause an additional spodoptera littoralis larvae mortality due to a temporal colonization of the leaves and subsequent ingestion of those leaves by the larvae. most entomopathogenic fungi (ef) (ascomycota: hypocreales) endophytes seem to colonize their host plants in a non-systemic pattern, in which case at least a transient endophytic establishment of the fungus should be expected in ... | 2016 | 26945771 |
| effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil. | the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ... | 1991 | 19283178 |
| a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and quantification of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and botrytis cinerea. | traditional culture methods for identifying the plant fungal pathogens sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary and botrytis cinerea pers.:fr. are slow and laborious. the goal of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time pcr (qpcr) assay to detect and quantify dna from s. sclerotiorum and b. cinerea. a primer set (ssigs_5) for s. sclerotiorum was designed that targeted the intergenic spacer (igs) regions of the ribosomal dna. addition of a probe to the assay increased its specificity: when ... | 2016 | 26997098 |
| induced systemic resistance against botrytis cinerea by micromonospora strains isolated from root nodules. | micromonospora is a gram positive bacterium that can be isolated from nitrogen fixing nodules from healthy leguminous plants, where they could be beneficial to the plant. their plant growth promoting activity in legume and non-legume plants has been previously demonstrated. the present study explores the ability of micromonospora strains to control fungal pathogens and to stimulate plant immunity. micromonospora strains isolated from surface sterilized nodules of alfalfa showed in vitro antifung ... | 2015 | 26388861 |
| effects of vaccination against respiratory pathogens on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in beef heifers. | the objective of this study was to evaluate intake, metabolic, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses in beef heifers vaccinated against pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease (brd). eighteen weaned angus heifers (initial bw 257 ± 3 kg; initial age 245 ± 2 d) were ranked by bw and allocated to 2 groups, which were assigned to 2 experiments of 7 d and the following treatments on d 1 of each experiment: 1) revaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 viru ... | 2015 | 26440344 |
| hmus and hmuq of ensifer/sinorhizobium meliloti degrade heme in vitro and participate in heme metabolism in vivo. | ensifer meliloti is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the alfalfa legume able to use heme as an iron source. the transport mechanism involved in heme acquisition in e. meliloti has been identified and characterized, but the fate of heme once inside the cell is not known. in silico analysis of e. meliloti 1021 genome revealed no canonical heme oxygenases although two genes encoding putative heme degrading enzymes, smc01518 and hmus, were identified. smc01518 is similar to hmuq of bradyrhizobium japon ... | 2016 | 26906560 |
| enhanced nodule initiation on alfalfa by wild-typerhizobium meliloti co-inoculated withnod gene mutants and other bacteria. | nodule formation on alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) roots was determined at different inoculum dosages for wild-typerhizobium meliloti strain rcr2011 and for various mutant derivatives with altered nodulation behavior. the number of nodules formed on the whole length of the primary roots was essentially constant regardless of initial inoculum dosage or subsequent bacterial multiplication, indicative of homeostatic regulation of total nodule number. in contrast, the number of nodules formed in just ... | 1988 | 24221521 |
| characterization of a novel two-component system in burkholderia cenocepacia. | two-component systems are important regulatory systems that allow bacteria to adjust to environmental conditions, and in some bacteria are used in pathogenesis. we identified a novel two-component system in burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the putative operon encodes bces, a sensor kinase, and bcer, a response regulator. our studies indicated that the bcer mutant showed a statistically significant decrease in protease, sw ... | 2015 | 25519693 |
| biosafety and colonization of burkholderia multivorans ws-fj9 and its growth-promoting effects on poplars. | burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of bacteria with conflicting biological characteristics, which make them simultaneously beneficial and harmful to humans. they have been exploited for biocontrol, bioremediation, and plant growth promotion. however, their capacity as opportunistic bacteria that infect humans restricts their biotechnological applications. therefore, the risks of using these bacteria should be assessed. in this study, burkholderia multivorans ws-fj9 originally isolated ... | 2013 | 24092012 |
| diversity of potential pathogenicity and biofilm formation among burkholderia cepacia complex water, clinical, and agricultural isolates in china. | a collection of 70 burkholderia cepacia complex isolates, recovered from clinical, water, and agricultural resources in china in our previous studies, were tested to assess their potential pathogenicity and association of biofilm formation with pathogenicity. the pathogenicity was tested in the alternative infection models alfalfa, detached lettuce midrib, galleria mellonella (wax moth), rat agar bead, and lettuce intact leaves. severe to moderate pathogenicity were observed for isolates of clin ... | 2012 | 22806034 |
| the effect of dietary chlorella vulgaris supplementation on micro-organism community, enzyme activities and fatty acid profile in the rumen liquid of goats. | microalgae might be considered as an alternative source of fat and/or protein for ruminant's diets. however, changes in populations of ruminal micro-organisms associated with biohydrogenation process, methane and ammonia production in response to microalgae dietary supplementation have not been well characterized. thus, 16 cross-bred goats were divided into two groups. each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. the concentrates of the control grou ... | 2017 | 27184296 |
| live yeasts enhance fibre degradation in the cow rumen through an increase in plant substrate colonization by fibrolytic bacteria and fungi. | to monitor the effect of a live yeast additive on feedstuff colonization by targeted fibrolytic micro-organisms and fibre degradation in the cow rumen. | 2016 | 26600313 |
| effects of pistachio by-products in replacement of alfalfa hay on populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sundried pistachio by-products (pbp) as a replacement of alfalfa hay (ah) on blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation (bh) in baluchi sheep. four adult male baluchi sheep (41 ± 1.3 kg, bw) fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a 4 × 4 latin square design. the dietary treatments were as follows: (i) control, (ii) 12% pbp (0.33 of ah i ... | 2014 | 23957535 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro. | an in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. the substrates (dm basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (h0.1), 1 (h1), 10 (h10), and 100 mg/kg (h100) of the substrates. ... | 2013 | 25049837 |
| effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on in vitro fermentation profiles of rumen bacteria. | nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga) is a secondary plant metabolite with antimicrobial properties, and therefore may have potential as a rumen modifier. two in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the usefulness of ndga as a rumen modifier. exp. 1 evaluated the effect of adding 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/ml ndga on growth of pure and mixed cultures of rumen bacteria. growth of all cultures except butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was inhibited at 50 mg/ml ndga (p < 0.05). cultures from whole ru ... | 2012 | 22871941 |
| alfalfa hay induced primary photosensitization in horses. | photosensitization, also known as photodermatitis, occurs when phototoxic or photoactive substances accumulate in the skin and interact with sunlight to result in an often severe, crusting, itching or painful dermatitis in unpigmented and/or lightly haired areas of the skin. primary photosensitization, caused by direct ingestion of photosensitizing agents, has been reported anecdotally in horses after ingestion of alfalfa hay. between 2004 and 2014, several large outbreaks of primary photosensit ... | 2016 | 27040919 |
| new pharmacological properties of medicago sativa and saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to candida albicans. | the antifungal activity of the saponin-rich fractions (sfs) from medicago sativa (aerial parts and roots) and saponaria officinalis (used as a well-known source of plant saponins) against candida albicans reference and clinical strains, their yeast-to-hyphal conversion, adhesion, and biofilm formation was investigated. direct fungicidal/fungistatic properties of the tested phytochemicals used alone, as well as their synergy with azoles (probably resulting from yeast cell wall instability) were d ... | 2014 | 24850879 |
| biodegradation of atrazine by three transgenic grasses and alfalfa expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase gene. | the widespread use of atrazine and other s-triazine herbicides to control weeds in agricultural production fields has impacted surface and groundwater in the united states and elsewhere. we previously reported the cloning, sequencing, and expression of six genes involved in the atrazine biodegradation pathway of pseudomonas sp. strain adp, which is initiated by atza, encoding atrazine chlorohydrolase. here we explored the use of enhanced expression of a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolas ... | 2015 | 25432082 |
| overexpression of a novel salt stress-induced glycine-rich protein gene from alfalfa causes salt and aba sensitivity in arabidopsis. | we cloned a novel salt stress-induced glycine-rich protein gene ( msgrp ) from alfalfa. its overexpression retards seed germination and seedling growth of transgenic arabidopsis after salt and aba treatments. since soil salinity is one of the most significant abiotic stresses, salt tolerance is required to overcome salinity-induced reductions in crop productivity. many glycine-rich proteins (grps) have been implicated in plant responses to environmental stresses, but the function and importance ... | 2013 | 23584549 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of three isoprenyl diphosphate synthase genes from alfalfa. | isoprenoid is the precursor for the biosynthesis of saponins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, chlorophylls and many other products in plants. saponins are an important group of bioactive plant natural products. the alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) saponins are glycosides of different triterpene aglycones and possess many biological activities. we isolated three genes (msfpps, msgpps and msggpps) encoding isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (ids) from alfalfa via a homology-based pcr approach. the enzyme ac ... | 2013 | 23238915 |
| meristem-localized inducible expression of a udp-glycosyltransferase gene is essential for growth and development in pea and alfalfa. | psugt1, which encodes a microsomal udp-glucuronosyltransferase, was cloned from root tips of pisum sativum. psugt1 expression is correlated with mitosis and strongly induced in dividing cells. a region at the c terminus of the encoded protein is closely related to the udp-glucuronic acid binding site consensus sequence, and the protein encoded by psugt1 catalyzes conjugation of udp-glucuronic acid to an unknown compound. overexpression of psugt1 sense mrna has no detectable effect on transgenic ... | 1999 | 10590160 |
| high frequency, heat treatment-induced inactivation of the phosphinothricin resistance gene in transgenic single cell suspension cultures of medicago sativa. | one descendant of the medicago sativa ra-3 transformant t304 was analysed with respect to the somatic stability of the synthetic phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat) gene which was used as a selective marker and was under the control of the 5'/3' expression signals of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene vi. in order to quantify gene instability, we developed a system for culturing and regenerating individual cells. single cell suspension cultures derived from t304 and the ancestral no ... | 1992 | 1465092 |
| combination of h-box [cctacc(n)7ct] and g-box (cacgtg) cis elements is necessary for feed-forward stimulation of a chalcone synthase promoter by the phenylpropanoid-pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid. | the phenylpropanoid pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid (4-ca) stimulates expression of the bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) chalcone synthase (malonyl-coa:4-coumaroyl-coa, ec 2.3.1.74) chs15 gene promoter in electroporated protoplasts of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). we have analyzed the effects of 5' deletions, mutations, and competition with promoter sequences in trans on the expression of a chs15 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene fusion in elicited alfalfa protoplasts. two distinc ... | 1992 | 1409628 |
| stress responses in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) iv. expression of defense gene constructs in electroporated suspension cell protoplasts. | we have investigated conditions for the uptake and expression of chimeric genes in protoplasts of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). constructs containing the bacterial reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) under the control of either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or a bean chalcone synthase (chs) promoter were introduced into protoplasts by electroporation in the presence of polyethyleneglycol. the extent of expression in the absence of added inducers depended on the cond ... | 1990 | 24226376 |
| evidence for a natural humoral response in dairy cattle affected by persistent botulism sustained by non-chimeric type c strains. | bovine botulism is a sporadic acute disease that usually causes catastrophic losses in the herds. the unusual clinical evolution of a persistent mild outbreak in a dairy herd, prompted us to characterize the neurotoxin gene profile of the strain involved and to evaluate whether seroconversion had occurred. diagnosis was based on mild classical symptoms and was supported by pcr and bacteriological findings, which revealed the involvement of a non-mosaic type c strain. an in-house elisa was develo ... | 2015 | 26432776 |
| cohnella formosensis sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of medicago sativa l. | a gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped, xylanolytic bacterium designated strain cc-alfalfa-35(t) was isolated from the rhizosphere of medicago sativa l. in taiwan. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequence showed that strain cc-alfalfa-35(t) was affiliated to the genus cohnella. strain cc-alfalfa-35(t) shared 95.3 % pairwise 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of the genus cohnella (cohnella thermotolerans dsm 17683(t)) besides showin ... | 2013 | 23315409 |
| differential life history trait associations of aphids with nonpersistent viruses in cucurbits. | the diversity of vectors and fleeting nature of virus acquisition and transmission renders nonpersistent viruses a challenge to manage. we assessed the importance of noncolonizing versus colonizing vectors with a 2-yr survey of aphids and nonpersistent viruses on commercial pumpkin farms. we quantified aphid alightment using pan traps, while testing leaf samples with multiplex rt-pcr targeting cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), watermelon mosaic virus (wmv), and pa ... | 2015 | 26313961 |
| stem nematode counteracts plant resistance of aphids in alfalfa, medicago sativa. | plants are exploited by a diverse community of insect herbivores and phytopathogens that interact indirectly through plant-mediated interactions. generally, plants are thought to respond to insects and pathogens through different defensive signaling pathways. as plants are selected for resistance to one phytophagous organism type (insect vs. pathogen) in managed systems, it is not clear how this selection may affect community interactions. this study examined the effect of nematode-resistant var ... | 2014 | 25261892 |
| banning of methyl bromide for seed treatment: could ditylenchus dipsaci again become a major threat to alfalfa production in europe? | in europe, the stem and bulb nematode ditylenchus dipsaci has been listed as a quarantine pest by eppo: without any control, it may cause complete failure of alfalfa crops. movement of nematodes associated with seeds is considered to be the highest-risk pathway for the spread of this pest. since the 2010 official withdrawal of methyl bromide in europe, and in the absence of any alternative chemical, fumigation of contaminated seed batches is no longer possible, which makes the production of nema ... | 2014 | 24482310 |
| relationship of ditylenchus dipsaci and harvest practices to the persistence of alfalfa. | persistence of dormant ranger and nondormant moapa alfalfas, both susceptible to ditylenchus dipsaci, varied with stand age and cutting frequency. stand reduction increased with cutting frequency. in d. dipsaci-infested soil, stand reductions in ranger 1, 4, and 5 years old exceeded reductions in stands 2 and 3 years old; persistence was greatest in 2-year-old stands. in moapa alfalfa, d. dipsaci reduced stands the most in years 2 and 3; whereas persistence was greatest in 1-year-old stands. har ... | 1991 | 19283131 |
| a nematicide seed treatment to control ditylenchus dipsaci on seedling alfalfa. | three nematicides were evaluated as seed treatments to control the alfalfa stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) on seedling alfalfa. alfalfa seeds were soaked for 10 hours in a 0.5% (formulated by weight) concentration of either carbofuran, phenamiphos or oxamyl in acetone with no adverse effect on seed germination. all three treatments decreased nematode damage and increased survival of 'ranger' (susceptible) and 'lahontan' (resistant) alfalfa plants, when seeds were planted in soil infested wit ... | 1989 | 19287597 |
| interaction of ditylenchus dipsaci and meloidogyne hapla on resistant and susceptible plant species. | numbers ofditylenchus dipsaci or meloidogyne hapla invading ranger alfalfa, tender crop bean, stone improved tomato, ah-14 sugarbeet, yellow sweet clover, and wasatch wheat from single inoculations were not significantly different from numbers by invasion of combined inoculations. d. dipsaci was recovered only from shoot and m. hapla only from root tissue. combined inoculations did not affect reproduction of either d. dipsaci or m. hapla. d. dipsaci suppressed shoot growth of all species at 15-3 ... | 1987 | 19290168 |
| effects of environmental factors and cultural practices on parasitism of alfalfa by ditylenchus dipsaci. | cool humid weather enhanced development and reproduction of ditylenchus dipsaci in alfalfa in laboratory and field studies in utah. relative humidity and nematode reproduction were positively correlated (p < 0.05), whereas air temperature and nematode reproduction were negatively correlated (p < 0.05). the greatest number of nematodes per gram of alfalfa tissue was found in nondormant moapa alfalfa tissue at st. george during april, whereas the greatest numbers of nematodes were found in dormant ... | 1987 | 19290142 |
| effect of ditylenchus dipsaci on alfalfa mortality, winterkill, and yield. | ditylenchus dipsaci-infected and noninfected alfalfa plants in a naturally infested field were studied from july 1980 to september 1982. forty-one percent of the plants died during the study. ninety-seven percent of the plants that died were infected with d. dipsaci. sixty-nine percent of the observed mortality occurred during winter. forage yield of infected plants was significantly lower than yield of noninfected plants at each harvest. stored carbohydrates in infected plants were significantl ... | 1985 | 19294072 |
| the interrelationship of heterodera schachtii and ditylenchus dipsaci on sugarbeet. | heterodera schachtii significantly (p = 0.05) reduced sugarbeet root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 20, 24, and 28 c, and ditylenchus dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 16, 20, 24, and 28 c. a combination of h. schachtii and d. dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of single inoculations of h. schachtii at all temperatures and d. dipsaci at 20, 24, and 28 c. single inoculations of h. schachtii and d ... | 1983 | 19295828 |
| interrelationship of meloidogyne hapla and ditylenchus dipsaci on resistant and susceptible alfalfa. | simultaneous inoculations of alfalfa with meloidogyne hapla larvae and ditylenchus dipsaci at 16, 20, 24, and 28 c did not depress penetration of either nematode in 'nev syn xx' -a selection resistant to m. hapla and d. dipsaci, 'vernal 298' -a selection resistant to m. hapla and susceptible to d. dipsaci, 'lahontan' -a cultivar resistant to d. dipsaci and susceptible to m. hapla, and 'ranger' -a cultivar susceptible to both m. hapla and d, dipsaci. infection with d. dipsaci depressed growth of ... | 1980 | 19300705 |
| factors affecting the infection of alfalfa seedlings by ditylenchus dipsaci. | experiments were conducted to determine the effects of plant confinement, soil type, watering practices, stage of seed germination, inoculum level, and method of applying inoculum on stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) infection of alfalfa (medicago sativa) seedlings grown in soil. results indicated that (i) confining seedlings together with the nematodes in small vials offered no advantage over growing plants in large flats, (ii) a very fine sandy-loam soil was superior to a fine sand for stem- ... | 1975 | 19308186 |
| effects of temperature on the fine-structural responses in the hypocotyl region of alfalfa lines to ditylenchus dipsaci. | fine-structural analyses were made of the response of host tissue, medicago sativa l. 'ranger' and 'lahontan', to infection by the stem nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn) filipjev. seedlings were grown at 15 and 25 c, and hypocotyl regions were sampled 1,3, or 7 days after inoculation. electron micrographs of infected alfalfa tissue indicated that the same types of damage were inflicted on lahontan (stem-nematode-tolerant)and ranger (stem-nematode-susceptible). only the infection rate and degr ... | 1975 | 19308164 |
| parasitism of nonhost cultivars by ditylenchus dipsaci. | the alfalfa race of ditylenchus dipsaci parasitized and caused characteristic symptoms on nonhost seedlings of sweet clover, onion, tomato, sugarbeet, and wheat in controlled growth-chamber studies. although the nematode was unable to reproduce on any of the cultivars, it caused plant mortality ranging from 20% on sugarbeet and tomato to 100% on onion. | 1975 | 19308163 |