| transposon-mediated amikacin resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae. | a multiresistant klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from neonates in mendoza, argentina, harbored a 48-kilobase-pair (kbp) plasmid, pmet1, with genetic determinants for resistance to amikacin and also ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tobramycin. this plasmid was compared with pjhcmw1, a previously isolated 11-kbp plasmid carrying transposon tn1331, which encodes resistance to amikacin, as well as ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tobramycin, and which was originally present in ... | 1988 | 2848445 |
| chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases of citrobacter diversus. interaction with beta-iodopenicillanate and labelling of the active site. | both forms of the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of citrobacter diversus react with beta-iodopenicillanate at a rate characteristic of class a beta-lactamases. the active site of form i was labelled with the same reagent. the sequence of the peptide obtained after trypsin hydrolysis is identical with that of a peptide obtained in a similar manner from the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of klebsiella pneumoniae. | 1988 | 2848500 |
| mössbauer studies of solid thionin-oxidized mofe protein of nitrogenase. | recently hagen et al. (hagen, w. r., wassink, h., eady, r. r., smith, b. e., and haaker, h. (1987) eur. j. biochem. 169, 457-465) reported the observation of s = 7/2 epr signals for thionin-oxidized nitrogenase mofe protein. here we have studied the protein from azotobacter vinelandii and klebsiella pneumoniae with mössbauer and epr spectroscopies, with the following results: when the mofe protein is oxidized by addition of stoichiometric amounts (6-8 equivalents) of dissolved thionin, the well ... | 1988 | 2848826 |
| nifa-dependent in vivo protection demonstrates that the upstream activator sequence of nif promoters is a protein binding site. | primer-extension analysis of the klebsiella pneumoniae nifh promoter was used to determine changes in the accessibility of the promoter dna to methylation after exposure of growing cells to dimethyl sulfate. four guanine residues present in the nifh upstream activator sequence (uas), the proposed nifa binding site, were protected from methylation and two guanine residues were hypermethylated when the transcriptional activator protein nifa was present in the cells. the interaction detected at the ... | 1988 | 2849102 |
| the structural repeating-unit of the capsular polysaccharide from klebsiella serotype k48. | investigation of the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from klebsiella k48, using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, smith degradation, and 1h- and 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy, indicated the repeating unit to be the pentasaccharide (formula; see text) | 1988 | 2850106 |
| beta-lactamase inhibition by acetylmethylene penicillanic acid compared to that of clavulanate and sulbactam. | the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of 6-acetylmethylene penicillanic acid (6-ampa) were investigated and compared with those of other beta-lactamase inhibitors. 6-ampa inhibited the tem-1, tem-2, shv-1, pse-1, pse-2, pse-3, pse-4, oxa-2, oxa-3, and staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamases. it also inhibited the chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases of the richmond-sykes type ia, ic and id type and the type iv klebsiella enzymes. beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and bacteroides frag ... | 1988 | 2850139 |
| complementation of a truncated membrane-bound enzyme iinag from klebsiella pneumoniae with a soluble enzyme iii in escherichia coli k12. | cloning and analysis of the gene nage encoding enzyme iinag (eiinag) from klebsiella pneumoniae revealed strong similarities with the corresponding gene from escherichia coli k12. truncated eiinag proteins were generated by inserting a series of tn1725 transposons into the structural gene; the positions of the insertions were mapped by restriction enzyme analysis, and the activity of the polypeptides determined by in vitro and in vivo tests. insertions in the region encoding the amino-terminal h ... | 1988 | 2851706 |
| effects of inhalation of red phosphorus/butyl rubber combustion products on aveolar macrophage responses in rats. | the effects of inhalation of red phosphorus/butyl rubber (rp/br) used as an obscurant smoke in tactical environments was examined. sprague-dawley male rats were exposed to 1000 mg/m3 of rp/br for 3.5 h in single exposures, while in subsequent intermediate and subchronic studies the animals were exposed to concentrations ranging from 300 to 1200 mg/m3 for 2.25 h/day, 4 consecutive days/week for 4 and 13 weeks, respectively. pulmonary bactericidal activity to inhaled [35s]-klebsiella pneumoniae wa ... | 1988 | 2852684 |
| the distribution and divergence of dna sequences related to the tn21 and tn501 mer operons. | the mercury resistance (mer) operons of the gram-negative bacterial transposons, tn21 and tn501, are phenotypically indistinguishable and have extensive dna identity. however, tn21 mer has an additional coding region (merc) in the middle of the operon which is lacking in tn501 and there is also a discrete region of the mercuric ion reductase gene (mera) which differs markedly between the two operons. dna fragment probes were used to determine the distribution of specific mer coding regions in tw ... | 1988 | 2853392 |
| a novel vector allowing the expression of genes in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria. | the construction and use of a novel vector allowing the expression of genes in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria is described. the vector utilizes the regulatory region from is50. the 70-bp promoter region was isolated from one of the terminal inverted repeats of tn5 by creating ecori and sa/i or psti restriction sites by in vitro mutagenesis. this 70-bp region was shown to direct the expression of cat and lacz genes in different bacterial genera including alcaligenes, enterobacter cloacae, ... | 1988 | 2853690 |
| antibody responses to escherichia coli j5 lipopolysaccharide and to salmonella porin in patients with bacteremia. | this study was undertaken in order to evaluate whether patients with bacteremia respond with antibodies directed towards two outer membrane components of gram-negative bacteria. the antibody responses to the core of the lipopolysaccharide molecule (lps) of the rough e. coli j5 mutant and to a purified outer membrane protein (porin) from salmonella were studied in bacteremic patients. two or three serum samples were consecutively collected from 77 patients having 82 episodes of bacteremia altoget ... | 1986 | 2854603 |
| development of gentamicin resistance in gram-negative bacteria in czechoslovakia and correlation with its usage. | widespread use of gentamicin in czechoslovakia began in 1975 when it became more available, although its use remained restricted until 1986. starting in 1980 a remarkable increase in gentamicin resistance was observed in pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella, enterobacter and several proteus species, especially proteus rettgeri. a large proportion of gentamicin-resistant strains came from the urine of hospitalized patients. in spite of infection control measures and restrictive antibiotic policy, g ... | 1988 | 2854783 |
| molecular cloning and purification of klebicin b. | a novel klebicin, klebicin b, produced by an isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae has been identified. it is encoded by a 5.5 kb plasmid, pklebb-k17/80, which is mobilized into k. pneumoniae unf5023 by a large plasmid found in the same strain. the 5.5 kb plasmid has been cloned into the high-copy-number vector puc19 and the restriction map of the resulting recombinant plasmid prj180 has been determined. using sub-cloning and transposon mutagenesis, the klebicin b structural gene, the klebicin b immu ... | 1988 | 2855528 |
| plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of klebsiella sp. rcs genesable to induce colanic acid capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in escherichia coli. | regulation of capsular biosynthesis (rcs) genes, encoding the ability to induce the production of a colanic acid polysaccharide capsule, were transferred to escherichia coli by conjugation with klebsiella pneumoniae (aerogenes) of capsular serotype k36. transfer was mediated by a 58.4-mda conjugative plasmid of incompatibility group incm, which carried a copy of tn7 (specifying resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin) together with determinants for several further resistances. this plasmid d ... | 1988 | 2856173 |
| pqq-linked enzymes in enteric bacteria. | klebsiella aerogenes possesses a pqq-linked glucose dehydrogenase. other members of the enterobacteriaceae, such as escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium or serratia marcescens are seemingly unable to synthesize pqq, but are able to synthesize the glucose dehydrogenase apoenzyme. the physiological significance of this enzyme is discussed. | 1987 | 2856384 |
| community-acquired pneumonia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. | pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. a variety of conditions that damage the airways and weaken host defense mechanisms increase the susceptibility of the individual to bacterial colonization of the pulmonary tree. because the clinician frequently cannot determine the etiologic agent, pneumonia is often treated empirically. cefonicid, a long-acting cephalosporin, is a useful and cost-effective antibiotic that is active against many of the common pathogens that cause commun ... | 1988 | 2856599 |
| fimbrial and non-fimbrial haemagglutinins in enterobacter aerogenes. | ten strains of enterobacter aerogenes were examined for their ability to produce haemagglutinins and fimbriae. nine strains formed a mannose-sensitive (ms) haemagglutinin associated with thin (4 nm) non-channelled fimbriae. these thin fimbriae of e. aerogenes were antigenically different from the thin fimbriae of other fimbriate strains of enterobacter and klebsiella and probably represent a new kind of fimbria not previously described in enterobacteriaceae. eight of these same nine strains also ... | 1985 | 2857201 |
| antiserum to klebsiella k43 bts 1 specifically lyses lymphocytes of hla-b27-positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis from a london population. | | 1985 | 2857398 |
| specific binding of endotoxin to human monocytes and mouse macrophages: serum requirement. | specific binding of bordetella pertussis and neisseria meningitidis endotoxins to human monocytes and murine macrophages was demonstrated. binding of b. pertussis endotoxin could be inhibited by endotoxins of salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the origin of the lipopolysaccharides and on the origin of the mononuclear phagocytic cells. the binding of b. pertussis and n. meningitidis endotoxins which was mediated by the po ... | 1985 | 2857597 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae: selected virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity. | klebsiella pneumoniae infections occur in humans of all ages, however the highest risk groups appear to be infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised. one or more virulence factors may contribute to pathogenicity in humans. in this article we review three factors that may mediate virulence: cell wall receptors, capsular polysaccharide, and endotoxin. first, the presence of cell wall receptors enables k. pneumoniae to attach to the host cell, thereby altering the bacterial surface so that pha ... | 1985 | 2857687 |
| cross-reactivity of anti-klebsiella k43 antiserum and lymphocytes from hla-b27-positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis. | | 1985 | 2858037 |
| bacterial products as immunomodulating agents. | | 1985 | 2858453 |
| adp-ribosylating microbial toxins. | | 1985 | 2859967 |
| cross-reactivity of anti-klebsiella k43 bts 1 serum and lymphocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: antipodean curiosity? | | 1985 | 2860379 |
| bacterial pathogens in patients with indwelling venous catheters. | | 1985 | 2860488 |
| toxins which activate guanylate cyclase: heat-stable enterotoxins. | certain enteropathogenic bacteria, including strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and yersinia enterocolitica, elicit their diarrhoeagenic effects by elaborating small molecular weight, heat-stable enterotoxins (sts). structural and functional characteristics indicate that st peptides are heterogeneous and two major subtypes, sta and stb, have been identified. molecules of sta, unlike those of stb, are methanol-soluble and elicit their pathogenic effects by activating host cell gua ... | 1985 | 2861070 |
| clostridial necrotizing enterocolitis. | in a bacteriologic investigation of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec), 16 of 50 infants had clostridia in cultures of blood or of peritoneal fluid obtained by paracentesis. twenty-eight of the 50 infants had enteric bacteria other than clostridia, and six infants had sterile cultures. of the 16 infants with clostridia, nine had c. perfringens and seven had other species of clostridia. compared to infants with nonclostridial nec, those with clostridial nec were larger and more mature, ... | 1985 | 2861265 |
| antibodies to proteus in rheumatoid arthritis. | antibodies to proteus species were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and ankylosing spondylitis (as) and in healthy controls by a coombs agglutination method. the titres to proteus mirabilis were higher in 30 ra patients being treated with gold than in 24 patients with active as (p less than 0.001), 28 patients with inactive as (p less than 0.001), and 41 healthy control subjects (p less than 0.001). control studies with klebsiella pneumoniae var oxytoca showed high antibody ti ... | 1985 | 2862470 |
| expression of rhizobium japonicum nifh and nifdk operons can be activated by the klebsiella pneumonia nifa protein but not by the product of ntrc. | rhizobium japonicum nifh'- and nifd'-'lacz fusions were constructed using the translational fusion vector pmc1403. beta-galactosidase activities from these fusion plasmids were measured in wild-type, ntra- and delta(ntrbc) escherichia coli strains carrying plasmids which overproduced the klebsiella pneumoniae nifa or ntrc gene products. in contrast to results reported in r. meliloti (ref. in the text) neither nifh nor nifd promoters were activated by the ntrc product. in the presence of nifa gen ... | 1985 | 2862569 |
| population shift in mannose-specific fimbriated phase of klebsiella pneumoniae during experimental urinary tract infection in mice. | the infection rate (percentage of mice shedding 10(5) organisms per ml of urine) in 27 mice infected intravesicularly with a mannose-specific (ms+) phenotype of klebsiella pneumoniae was 85% at day 7, and all the bacteria shed during the 7 days exhibited strong ms activity as estimated by a yeast aggregation assay. in contrast, the outcome of infection with an ms- phenotype of the same strain in 47 mice was heterogeneous: one group of 25 mice continued to shed the originally injected phenotype ( ... | 1985 | 2863215 |
| a comparative study of the type-3 fimbriae of klebsiella species. | type-3 fimbriae isolated from members of five different species of klebsiella were 4-5 nm in diameter and agglutinated the tannic acid-treated erythrocytes of ox and, in some cases, the untanned erythrocytes of fowl. in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the type-3 fimbrial proteins had mol. wts in the range 19 500-21 500. hydrophobic amino acids comprised 39.6% of all the amino acids of the type-3 fimbrial protein of k. oxytoca strain 70/1. the type-1 fimbrial protein o ... | 1985 | 2864453 |
| preliminary evaluation of a rapid colorimetric method for the presumptive identification of group a streptococci and enterococci. | a rapid colorimetric method for the presumptive identification of group a streptococci and enterococci based upon pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase activity is described. of 76 group a streptococcal isolates from primary plates, 83 gave positive reactions, and the remaining 7 were positive on retesting in pure culture. of the 31 enterococcal isolates tested, all gave positive reactions. despite occasional positive reactions with staphylococci and klebsiella pneumoniae, the test could be useful and cos ... | 1985 | 2865272 |
| blind confirmation of geczy factor in ankylosing spondylitis. | | 1985 | 2865436 |
| regulation of glutamine synthetase, aspartokinase, and total protein turnover in klebsiella aerogenes. | when suspensions of klebsiella aerogenes are incubated in a nitrogen-free medium there is a gradual decrease in the levels of acid-precipitable protein and of aspartokinase iii (lysine-sensitive) and aspartokinase i (threonine-sensitive) activities. in contrast, the level of glutamine synthetase increases slightly and then remains constant. under these conditions, the glutamine synthetase and other proteins continue to be synthesized as judged by the incorporation of [14c]leucine into the acid-p ... | 1985 | 2865982 |
| cloning and expression of the thiobacillus ferrooxidans glutamine synthetase gene in escherichia coli. | the glutamine synthetase (gs) gene glna of thiobacillus ferrooxidans was cloned on recombinant plasmid pmeb100 which enabled escherichia coli glna deletion mutants to utilize (nh4)2so4 as the sole source of nitrogen. high levels of gs-specific activity were obtained in the e. coli glna deletion mutants containing the t. ferrooxidans gs gene. the cloned t. ferrooxidans dna fragment containing the glna gene activated histidase activity in an e. coli glna glnl glng deletion mutant containing the kl ... | 1985 | 2866177 |
| covalent modification of proteins by mixed function oxidation. | | 1985 | 2868845 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs with diarrhoea. | faecal samples from 148 dogs with diarrhoea and from 15 healthy dogs were cultured for bacterial pathogens with enterotoxigenic properties. the aim of the study was to define the toxin profile (production of heat-labile [lt] and heat-stable [st] toxins) and possible surface fimbrial antigens. enterotoxigenic bacteria were isolated from 6 (4.1%) dogs with diarrhoea, four of these were escherichia coli and two were klebsiella pneumoniae. the e. coli strains and k. pneumoniae strains were producing ... | 1985 | 2869607 |
| should potted plants be removed from hospital wards? | seventy-nine isolates of gram-negative bacilli were recovered from 29 potted plants on six surgical wards. the distribution of bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility patterns revealed no correlation with 235 isolates from nearby patients during the study period. potted plants do not appear to constitute a bacteriological hazard in the hospital. | 1986 | 2870114 |
| bacteriophage d: an incd group plasmid-specific phage. | the existence of the plasmid incompatibility group d was reaffirmed as a result of compatibility experiments done on plasmids r687, r711b, r778b and r840 which were previously tentatively accepted as constituting the group. the group was further delineated by the isolation of a phage, phage d, which adsorbed specifically to incd plasmid-encoded pili produced by escherichia coli k12 strains and strains of salmonella typhimurium, proteus morganii and klebsiella oxytoca harbouring one of these plas ... | 1985 | 2870129 |
| regulation of nitrogen metabolism in azotobacter vinelandii: isolation of ntr and glna genes and construction of ntr mutants. | the ntra, ntrb and ntrc products are responsible for regulating the transcription of many genes involved in the assimilation of poor nitrogen sources in enteric bacteria. the presence of a similar system in the non-enteric bacterium azotobacter vinelandii is reported here. genes analogous to ntra and ntrc were isolated from an a. vinelandii gene library by complementation of escherichia coli mutants. the gene encoding glutamine synthetase, glna, was also isolated and found to be adjacent to ntrc ... | 1986 | 2872049 |
| the efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison to gentamicin in the treatment of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats. | a reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to stimulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. pre-operatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. a 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. the intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. the segment o ... | 1986 | 2872197 |
| the colonization of patients in an intensive treatment unit with gram-negative flora: the significance of the oral route. | an extensive survey of patients and the environment in a newly refurbished intensive care unit showed that the principle species on patients in sites other than the rectum were pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, acinetobacter anitratus and enterobacter cloacae. multiple episodes of cross-infection were occurring with 10 different strains of these organisms. three oral solutions (mouthwashes, 'clinifeeds' and residual water from nasogastric aspiration apparatus) w ... | 1986 | 2873168 |
| the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorhexidine on bacterial pathogenicity. | suspensions of escherichia coli and klebsiella aerogenes were exposed to low levels of chlorhexidine, which had little effect on their in vitro viability. a substantial reduction in their in vivo infectivity measured by intraperitoneal inoculation of mice was found. this selective reduction in bacterial infectivity by chlorhexidine should be taken into account when conventional in vitro tests are used to assess the clinical effectiveness of chlorhexidine-containing antiseptics. | 1986 | 2875100 |
| a study of the skin flora of spinal cord injured patients. | the skin flora of 11 spinally-injured patients was compared to that of 11 healthy control subjects. the perinea, groins, penile shafts and urethras of the patients were heavily colonized by a range of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli. observations on patients from admission for up to 25 days suggest that the gram-negative bacilli start to colonize the skin 2-3 days after admission. some species, e.g., citrobacter diversus and escherichia coli appear as transient organisms while others ... | 1986 | 2876030 |
| the significance of clostridial isolates in intra-abdominal sepsis. | in order to evaluate the significance of clostridial species in intra-abdominal infections, the bacteriology records of three hospitals were reviewed during a period of five years. included in this report were 41 patients from whom clostridial species were recovered from specimens of free peritoneal fluid, abscess cavities or bile. seven patients died for a mortality rate of 17.1 per cent. most patients had polymicrobial infections of which clostridial organisms were one of the several anaerobes ... | 1986 | 2876527 |
| anaerobes and septic abortion. | the bacterial flora of the genital tracts of twenty-two patients with septic abortion and twenty normal women (as controls) were studied to determine the significant aetiological agents. the predominant flora qualitatively and quantitatively in the twenty-two patients were anaerobes. bacteroides bivius was isolated from all the twenty-two patients and from twelve out of twenty normal controls. the next commonest anaerobes were b. asaccharolyticus (fourteen out of twenty-two patients), b. melanin ... | 1986 | 2876619 |
| changes in the cell wall of clostridium species following passage in animals. | morphological changes in clostridial isolates after animal passage with other flora in mixed infections were studied by utilizing a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. we used 26 isolates of 7 clostridial species, and one isolate each of bacteroides fragilis and klebsiella pneumoniae. abscesses were induced by all 7 clostridium perfringens and 3 clostridium butyricum isolates and by some of the other isolates. a thick granular wall prior to animal inoculation was shown only in c. perfringens, c. ... | 1986 | 2876678 |
| characterization and cloning of two rhizobium leguminosarum genes coding for glutamine synthetase activities. | we have demonstrated that rhizobium leguminosarum strain lpr1105 contains a heat stable and a heat labile glutamine synthetase (ec 6.3.1.2) activity similar to those described for other rhizobiaceae. most of the activity is heat stable when this strain is grown on glutamine as sole nitrogen source, but most is heat labile when grown on nitrate. using a gene bank of r. leguminosarum dna we have isolated two clones, which code for heat stable (p7d9) and heat labile (p4f7) glutamine synthetase acti ... | 1986 | 2878969 |
| opsonin independent interaction of klebsiella strains with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | nine encapsulated klebsiella strains with different types of fimbriation and their nonencapsulated mutants were tested for their stimulatory potency for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the absence of opsonins. the luminol chemiluminescence assay was used for these experiments. it could be shown that the interaction between klebsiella bacteria and human leukocytes is rather complex depending not only on the presence of capsules but also on the hydrophobicity of klebsiella surface and on the ... | 1986 | 2879400 |
| characterization of genes encoding type 1 fimbriae of klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, and serratia marcescens. | with a minicell system, the organization of genes encoding type 1 fimbriae of salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia marcescens was determined. in all cases multiple gene products were necessary for the phenotypic expression of fimbriae; thus fimbrial expression in these strains is similar to that in escherichia coli. the type 1 fimbrial subunit gene was detected by the ability of its product to react with specific antiserum. at least six genes were found to be involved in t ... | 1987 | 2879791 |
| differences in adhesiveness among type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae revealed by an in vitro hep2 cell adhesion model. | ten type 1 fimbriate strains of enterobacteriaceae were examined in an in vitro adhesion assay with hep2 epithelial cells. the range of hep2 cell adhesiveness, which was characteristic for each strain, was affected by motility, type 1 fimbriation and production of mannose sensitive haemagglutinin. nevertheless, not all type 1 fimbriate strains adhered well in this model. the findings are discussed with regard to the possibility that different type 1 fimbriate enterobacteria, though all are manno ... | 1986 | 2881915 |
| identification and characterization of the rhizobium meliloti ntrc gene: r. meliloti has separate regulatory pathways for activation of nitrogen fixation genes in free-living and symbiotic cells. | we show here that rhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of alfalfa (medicago sativa), has a regulatory gene that is structurally homologous to previously characterized ntrc genes in enteric bacteria. dna sequence analysis showed that r. meliloti ntrc is homologous to previously sequenced ntrc genes from klebsiella pneumoniae and bradyrhizobium sp. (parasponia) and that an ntrb-like gene is situated directly upstream from r. meliloti ntrc. similar to its counterparts in k. pneumoni ... | 1987 | 2881918 |
| influenza vaccination with adjuvant ru41740 in the elderly. | | 1987 | 2882355 |
| tight linkage of glna and a putative regulatory gene in rhizobium leguminosarum. | rhizobium leguminosarum, biovar viceae, strain rcc1001 contains two glutamine synthetase activities, gsi and gsii. we report here the identification of glna, the structural gene for gsi. a 2 kb fragment of dna was shown to complement the gln- phenotype of klebsiella pneumoniae glna mutant strains. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 469 codons specifying a polypeptide of 52,040 daltons. its deduced amino acid sequence was found to be highly homologous to other glutamine ... | 1987 | 2882467 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the glnalg operon of escherichia coli k12. | the nucleotide sequence of the e. coli glnalg operon has been determined. the glnl (ntrb) and glng (ntrc) genes present a high homology, at the nucleotide and aminoacid levels, with the corresponding genes of klebsiella pneumoniae. the predicted aminoacid sequence for glutamine synthetase allowed us to locate some of the enzyme domains. the structure of this operon is discussed. | 1987 | 2882477 |
| an outbreak of serious klebsiella infections related to food blenders. | an investigation, including environmental sampling, was undertaken after four leukaemic patients on the same hospital ward developed serious infections with klebsiella aerogenes, capsular type k14. the source of this organism, common to all four patients, was found to be a food blender used for preparing milk-based drinks on the ward. | 1987 | 2883228 |
| ciprofloxacin for cholangitis after hepatic portoenterostomy. | | 1987 | 2884467 |
| antigenic analysis of serratia marcescens fimbriae with monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the purified fimbriae of serratia marcescens us46, a strain expressing three morphologically distinct fimbriae. the widths of these fimbriae were 7, 4.5, and 3 nm, respectively. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified fimbriae showed three bands with molecular weights of 21,000, 20,000, and 19,000, respectively. this strain had mannose-resistant (mr) hemagglutinating activity and was agglutinated by yeast cells. t ... | 1987 | 2885276 |
| transferable enzymatic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins during nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae strains that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and amikacin were recovered from 62 of 395 patients (15.7%) during 1986. 25 isolates (40%) caused urinary tract infections. the outbreak involved three intensive care units (54 isolates), and spread from one unit to another and then to four wards (8 isolates). k pneumoniae of various serotypes and strains of different enterobacteriaceae demonstrating the same antibiotic resistance pattern were isolated, which su ... | 1987 | 2886766 |
| bacterial infection of human oocytes during in vitro fertilization. | | 1987 | 2887527 |
| expression and purification of glutamine synthetase cloned from bacteroides fragilis. | a glutamine synthetase (gs) gene, glna, from bacteroides fragilis was cloned on a recombinant plasmid pjs139 which enabled escherichia coli glna deletion mutants to utilize (nh4)2so4 as a sole source of nitrogen. dna homology was not detected between the b. fragilis glna gene and the e. coli glna gene. the cloned b fragilis glna gene was expressed from its own promoter and was subject to nitrogen repression in e. coli, but it was not able to activate histidase activity in an e. coli glna ntrb nt ... | 1986 | 2887626 |
| adherence of bacteria to cardiac valve prostheses. | the adherence of bacterial cells to valvular prostheses has been studied. bacteria were selected on the basis of their surface features (fimbriae, hydrophobicity and specific receptors). it was found that only strains having fimbriae and high cell surface hydrophobicity adhered to bioprostheses, while they did not adhere to metallic prostheses to any significant extent. adherence to bioprostheses depended on the exposure time and it was affected by the saline concentration of the suspension medi ... | 1987 | 2888687 |
| the resistance of urinary tract pathogens to chlorhexidine bladder washouts. | isolates of providencia stuartii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus faecalis from urinary-tract infections in spinally-injured patients together with escherichia coli 10418 were challenged with chlorhexidine (200 mg l-1) in a model of a catheterized bladder under conditions which simulate the bladder washout technique. all species survived the antiseptic. organisms growing on the wall of the bladder model appeared to be particularly resistant and ... | 1987 | 2888808 |
| phage tf-1: a filamentous bacteriophage specific for bacteria harbouring the inct plasmid pin25. | phage tf-1 is a filamentous phage which is about 800 nm in length, 10 nm in width and has slightly tapered ends. the phage was isolated from sewage and formed plaques or propagated only on escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella oxytoca strains harbouring the inct plasmid pin25 at 30 degrees c. it adsorbed in large numbers to pin25-encoded long thick flexible conjugative pili formed at 30 degrees c and also to the short form of these pili synthesized at 37 degrees c. the reason f ... | 1987 | 2888837 |
| the recent evolutionary origin of the phenylalanine-sensitive isozyme of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in the enteric lineage of bacteria. | evolutionary events that generated the three regulatory isozymes of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (dahp) synthase present in contemporary strains of escherichia coli have been proposed recently [ahmad et al. (1986) j bacteriol 165:146-154]. the phylogenetic subdivision of gram-negative prokaryotes studied (superfamily b) includes enteric bacteria, an oceanospirillum cluster, pseudomonad group i (e.g., pseudomonas aeruginosa), pseudomonad group v (e.g., xanthomonas), and the acineto ... | 1987 | 2888901 |
| colonization of patients with spinal cord injury with pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae at different institutions. | colonization of patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in patients with spinal cord injury at two institutions in los angeles county. the method of care of patients was similar at both institutions. a high prevalence of perineal colonization with p. aeruginosa and k. pneumoniae and similar serotypes of pseudomonas were seen at both institutions. this colonization probably reflects the type of bladder management in patients with spinal cord injury. it would be ... | 1987 | 2889774 |
| evolutionary relationship between enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the atp synthases (f1f0) of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the atp synthase complex of klebsiella pneumoniae (kf1f0) has been purified and characterized. sds-gel electrophoresis of the purified f1f0 complexes revealed an identical subunit pattern for e. coli (ef1f0) and k. pneumoniae. antibodies raised against ef1 complex and purified ef0 subunits recognized the corresponding polypeptides of ef1f0 and kf1f0 in immunoblot analysis. protease digestion of the individual subunits generated an identical cleavage pattern for subunits alpha, beta, gamma, epsil ... | 1987 | 2890332 |
| nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding type 1 fimbrial subunits of klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the subunits of klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium type 1 fimbriae were determined. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the two subunits revealed domains in which the sequences were highly conserved. both gene products possessed signal peptides, a fact consistent with the transport of the fimbrial subunit across the membrane, but these regions showed no amino acid homology between the two proteins. the predicted n-termi ... | 1987 | 2890624 |
| mr/k hemagglutination of providencia stuartii correlates with adherence to catheters and with persistence in catheter-associated bacteriuria. | providencia stuartii was the most prevalent bacterial species isolated, for one year, from weekly urine specimens from 51 long-term catheterized patients. significantly more strains causing bacteriuric episodes of long duration expressed mr/k (mannose-resistant/klebsiella-like) hemagglutination (74%) than did those causing episodes of short duration (26%; p = .004). isolates expressing mr/k hemagglutinin bound in higher numbers to catheter material (p = .023) than did those not expressing this h ... | 1988 | 2891774 |
| osteomyelitis secondary to trauma or infected contiguous soft tissue. | nonhematogenous osteomyelitis (nho) occurred in 24 pediatric patients (ages 8 months to 18 years; median, 14 years; 23 male) admitted from 1980 to 1985. predisposing factors included compound fracture (12), deep decubiti (4) and foot puncture (3). infection involved tibia (7), foot bones (6), proximal femur (3) and ulna (2). patients presented with drainage (64%), pain or tenderness (44%) and fever (32%) lasting for 1 to 180 days (median, 10 days). in 24% both white blood cell count and erythroc ... | 1988 | 2893333 |
| cloning and characterization of the glna gene of azospirillum brasilense sp7. | a plasmid which, by complementation, restored a gln+nif+ phenotype to the gln-nif- azospirillum brasilense mutant 7029, was isolated from a gene bank of total dna of a. brasilense sp7 (atcc 29145) constructed in the broad host range vector pvk100. this plasmid contained the structural gene (glna) for glutamine synthetase. the glna gene was mapped by tn5 insertion and dna hybridization with a klebsiella pneumoniae glna probe. the direction of transcription of glna was determined. the glna product ... | 1986 | 2893582 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of attachment and ingestion stages of bacterial phagocytosis. | research on phagocytosis of bacteria is often hampered by the inability to distinguish quantitatively between bacteria that have been ingested by phagocytic cells and those which are attached to the surface of the cells. a method using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique to simply and accurately measure the rate of bacterial ingestion by phagocytic cells is described. the method is based on the ability of antibacterial antibodies to bind to bacteria attached to but not internalized b ... | 1988 | 2893805 |
| cell surface hydrophobicity of klebsiella strains. | on 14 encapsulated klebsiella strains with different k-antigens and their non-encapsulated mutants the type of fimbriae present and the grade of hydrophobicity of their cell surface (expressed as sat-value) were investigated. it could be demonstrated that clear correlations exist between the fimbriation of klebsiella bacteria and their cell surface hydrophobicity. on the other hand, the presence of capsules and the type of k-antigen showed no influence on the degree of hydrophobicity. | 1987 | 2895624 |
| epidemiological characterization of klebsiella isolates from patients in a renal department. | one-hundred-and-eighteen endemic patient isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, collected consecutively from clinical specimens of renal patients over a 3 1/2-year period, were studied using biotypes and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns as epidemiological markers. minor temporal clusters were demonstrable among the more commonly occurring biotypes and resistance types, and comprised isolates acquired inside and outside the renal department. among isolates acquired in the department two clusters co ... | 1988 | 2896682 |
| the bacterial flora of neonates in intensive care-monitoring and manipulation. | unlike healthy babies, newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) are colonized with bacterial flora that reflects their exposure to pathogens in the nicu, not bacterial acquired from mother in the perinatal period. for example, nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, such as klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter but not escherichia coli tend to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. colonization with gram-negative bacilli generally is a prerequisite for nosocomial infection wi ... | 1988 | 2896731 |
| hand disinfection: a comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies. | the efficacy of 14 handwashing or disinfectant preparations was compared in laboratory tests on staff volunteers. the test organism, escherichia coli, was applied to the fingertips and log reductions (lr) were measured following treatment with the test agent and control preparations (70% isopropanol and non-medicated bar soap). alcoholic preparations, particularly n-propanol and isopropanol were the most effective showing lrs of 3.1-3.8. chlorhexidine (lr 2.9) and povidone-iodine detergent prepa ... | 1988 | 2899107 |
| influence of age on faecal carriage of p-fimbriated escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized neonates. | the aerobic faecal flora of 953 infants aged over 5 days was studied on discharge from 22 neonatal wards in swedish hospitals. klebsiella/enterobacter was isolated from 74% of infants and dominated the aerobic gram-negative flora in 19 wards. escherichia coli was carried by 42% and showed a slight dominance in two wards. initially klebsiella/enterobacter dominated the flora but became increasingly mixed with and taken over by e. coli, carriage increasing from 21% in infants discharged after 5-7 ... | 1988 | 2899587 |
| the effect of handling procedures on microbial contamination of enteral feeds. | three of the most commonly used delivery systems in enteral feeding were evaluated for potential routes of contamination during assembly and delivery of feeds. assembly of systems wearing sterile gloves gave no contamination in the feeds but all systems were contaminated when assembled either with bare unprotected hands or with hands experimentally contaminated with bacterial cells. delivery of contamination-free feed was only possible with the use of sterile gloves. | 1988 | 2899589 |
| molecular characterization of the type 3 (mr/k) fimbriae of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the expression of type 3 (mr/k) fimbriae by klebsiella pneumoniae requires the production of at least four polypeptides with molecular masses of 20.5, 25, 34, and 78 kilodaltons. the genes encoding these polypeptides are located on a gene cluster 5,500 base pairs in length. the nucleotide sequence of the major fimbrial structural gene was determined, and its transcription was shown to initiate in vitro 157 base pairs upstream of the translational start site. the predicted amino acid sequence for ... | 1988 | 2900237 |
| new role for the serum bactericidal test. | | 1988 | 2901012 |
| bacterial adhesion and pathogenicity. | bacteria adhere to almost any surface via specific surface molecules of recognition through which a firm union is established for successful colonization of the host. studies have shown that adhesion plays an important and critical early role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and a series of adhesins have been well documented in a certain number of strains and species of bacteria of medical importance. attempts have been made to interfere with, or prevent adhesion of, harmful bacteria ... | 1988 | 2901213 |
| campylobacter pylori in abattoir workers: is it a zoonosis? | sera from 98 abattoir workers were tested for igg to campylobacter pylori, c jejuni, and klebsiella. clerical workers had significantly lower c pylori and c jejuni igg titres than any of the groups in direct contact with freshly cut animal parts. no difference was found for antibodies to klebsiella. 28 non-clerical workers with high-titre c pylori igg consented to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. c pylori associated gastritis was found in all 28, and four weeks of colloidal bismuth subcitrate ( ... | 1988 | 2901576 |
| evidence that in vitro adherence of klebsiella pneumoniae to ciliated hamster tracheal cells is mediated by type 1 fimbriae. | clinical isolates of fimbriated and nonfimbriated klebsiella pneumoniae were examined for the ability to adhere to hamster tracheal cells cultured in vitro. fimbriated-phase k. pneumoniae adhered preferentially to ciliated cells, whereas nonfimbriated-phase organisms were not adherent. the adherence was inhibited by d-mannose but not d-glucose, suggesting that type 1 fimbriae serve as the adhesin in the attachment process. | 1988 | 2902014 |
| monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin. | hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) were established. the specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), sandwich elisa, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting. the monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisa was developed for detection of b. pertussis fha. the assay had a detection limit of b. pertussis fha in concentrations rang ... | 1988 | 2903174 |
| high resolution deuterium nmr studies of bacterial metabolism. | high resolution deuterium nmr spectra were obtained from suspensions of five bacterial strains: escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and staphylococcus aureus. deuterium-labeled d-glucose at c-1, c-2, and c-6 was used to monitor dynamically anaerobic metabolism. the flux of glucose through the various bacterial metabolic pathways could be determined by following the disappearance of glucose and the appearance of the major end products in the 2h nmr ... | 1988 | 2904438 |
| a laboratory model for testing agents for hygienic hand disinfection: handwashing and chlorhexidine for the removal of klebsiella. | a model for the laboratory assessment of hygienic hand disinfection is described which closely reproduces handwashing in a ward setting. the model uses a clinically relevant test organism and takes into account the natural antibacterial action of the skin. it also provides a means of measuring any residual antibacterial action after hand disinfection. using an epidemic multiply-resistant strain of klebsiella aerogenes k21, 0.5% chlorhexidine in iso-propyl alcohol yielded sterile post-disinfectio ... | 1988 | 2904456 |
| [the role of infection in the precipitation of periarteritis nodosa]. | circulating immune complexes are thought to play an essential part in the pathogenesis of necrosing angiitis. this theory also allows a role to be attributed to certain infectious agents (viral, bacterial, parasitic) in the development of periarteritis nodosa (pan). an infectious syndrome was found in all our 9 patients, aged 26 to 69 years, with histologically confirmed pan: previous infection (over 15 days before hospital admission): otitis, hepatitis b, tonsillitis, ascaris (case n.7), pulmon ... | 1988 | 2904781 |
| the effects of antiperspirant on the perineal skin flora of patients with spinal cord injury. | the relationship of ph and moisture to pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae colonization of the perineal skin was studied in male patients with spinal cord injury. the increased ph of the perineal skin was significantly associated with the presence of p. aeruginosa but not other bacterial species. no correlation between colonization and moisture or ph and moisture was found. an antiperspirant produced a significant reduction in the number of total aerobic bacteria, total gram-negativ ... | 1988 | 2905373 |
| investigations on the opsonin-dependent interaction of klebsiella bacteria and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | encapsulated and nonencapsulated klebsiella strains with different types of fimbriation were tested for their opsonin-dependent stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). chemiluminescence (cl) of the pmns was determined since cl-response can be used indirectly to quantitate phagocytosis. apparently, the interaction between klebsiella bacteria and human pmns is dependent on the type of fimbration and on the presence of capsules. evaluation of the bactericidal capacity of human pmn ... | 1988 | 2906197 |
| identification of the klebsiella pneumoniae glnb gene: nucleotide sequence of wild-type and mutant alleles. | the glnb gene of klebsiella pneumoniae, which encodes the nitrogen regulation protein pii, has been cloned and sequenced. the gene encodes a 12429 dalton polypeptide and is highly homologous to the escherichia coli glnb gene. the sequences of a glnb mutation which causes glutamine auxotrophy and of a tn5 induced gln+ suppressor of this mutation were also determined. the glutamine auxotrophy was deduced to be the result of a modification of the uridylylation site of pii, and the suppression was s ... | 1988 | 2907369 |
| enteric bacteria of reptiles on java and the krakatau islands. | | 1988 | 2907655 |
| microwave sterilization: a method for home sterilization of urinary catheters. | a standard microwave oven has been used to sterilize catheters used for intermittent self-catheterization. catheters were incubated for 60 minutes in a suspension of microorganisms isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. each catheter was removed from the suspension, placed in a paper bag and microwaved for 0 to 30 minutes. a control catheter was not microwaved. we tested 42 strains of microorganisms to determine the minimum microwaving time needed to sterilize the cat ... | 1989 | 2908961 |
| epidemiology of pharyngeal colonization of infants with aerobic gram-negative rod bacteria. | by using a selective medium, pharyngeal colonization with gram-negative rod (gnr) bacteria was determined in a cohort of 49 normal infants monitored from birth to 6 months of age. culture swabs were diluted in 1 ml of saline for quantitation. the prevalence of gnr in the first 72 h of life was 8% and rose to 29% during the first month, 52% at 2.5 months, 67% at 4.5 months, and 62% at 6 to 7 months. colonization was with substantial numbers of organisms, generally greater than 100 colonies per ml ... | 1989 | 2913041 |
| hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. | from 16,534 admissions, 60 patients, 4 days to 15 years of age, with one or more hospital-acquired urinary tract infections were identified during a 5-year period by a prospective surveillance system. the patient charts were subsequently reviewed to characterize the population at risk for such infections and to describe the course and consequences of these infections. infections in individual patients ranged from one to greater than 50. the hospital-acquired urinary tract infection rate for the ... | 1989 | 2913550 |
| klebsiella meningitis without pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. | | 1989 | 2915137 |
| [serious infections in alcoholics. 2. etiology of bacteremia and meningitis in alcoholics discharged from hospitals in funen 1981, 1984 and 1986]. | in 1981, 1984 and 1986 relatively more episodes of bacteremia with corynebacterium in one or two tubes out of twelve were found in alcoholics and these normally negligible episodes may be a iatrogenic marker of intubation and esophagoscopy in alcoholics. definite bacteremic episodes with e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, streptococcus pneumoniae, proteus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, streptococcus faecalis, haemolytic streptococcus and bacteroides were found in 0.79% of alcoho ... | 1989 | 2919457 |
| the prevalence of bacteriuria among high risk neonates in nigeria. | among the 446 high risk neonates studied for significant bacteriuria and pyuria in the neonatal wards of the obafemi awolowo university teaching hospital complex, ile-ife, 7.6% and 5.8% were positive for significant bacteriuria and pyuria respectively, while none of the 81 infants in the control group were positive. males and females were similarly affected and there was no seasonal variation in the prevalence of pyuria or bacteriuria. it is noteworthy that 25 (96%) of the 26 pyuria neonates als ... | 1989 | 2919529 |
| role of fluoroquinolones in lower respiratory tract infections. | oral quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are promising agents in the treatment of serious bronchopulmonary infections due to susceptible gram-negative micro-organisms such as haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and even pseudomonas aeruginosa. their moderative activity against streptococcus pneumoniae may limit the use of these agents in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and in the empiric management of community-acquired bacterial pneumon ... | 1989 | 2920482 |
| sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from patients at sidamo regional hospital. | this study from the sidamo regional hospital presents the prevailing sensitivity to common antimicrobials among 337 bacterial isolates from abscesses, infected wounds, urine or gonorrhoeal infections. as expected, staphylococcus aureus escherichia cloi, proteus supp and streptococcus pyogenes were most frequently grown from abscesses and infected wounds, whereas e. coli, proteus spp, klebsiella spp, and coagulase negative staphylococci dominated in urinary tract infections. very high rates of re ... | 1989 | 2920709 |
| microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--eye shadows, mascaras and face creams. | we examined a total of 150 samples, including 27 eye shadows, 27 mascaras and 96 face creams, for their microbial contents. mascaras were generally more contaminated than eye shadows. more than 75% of the examined eye shadows contained fewer than 100 c.f.u./g aerobic bacterial count compared to 63% of the mascaras examined. viable bacteria were not recovered from 61% and 48% of the eye shadows and mascaras respectively. while 4% of the eye shadows were heavily contaminated (contained more than 1 ... | 1989 | 2921299 |