| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as immunomodulating factor together with influenza vaccination in stem cell transplant patients. | the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on the serological response at influenza vaccination was studied in 117 patients who had undergone stem cell transplantation (sct). the vaccine response was evaluated as significant increases in levels of influenza hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) antibodies and of igg antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). there was no difference in antibody response to either influenza a or b in 64 patients who ... | 2000 | 10671339 |
| clonal expansion of antigen-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes is regulated by late exposure to serum to prevent apoptosis. | although serum-free media have been used to expand lymphokine-activated killer cells, antigen-specific cd8 t cell cytotoxicity does not develop in vitro in the absence of serum. the immunodominant vbeta17 response to an influenza a matrix protein epitope restricted by hla a2.1 was used to study the serum requirement for ctl activation. serum acts directly on t cells and not indirectly by activating apcs. in the absence of serum, the initial steps of t cell activation, including expression of cd6 ... | 1999 | 10365780 |
| serological response to influenza vaccination and nutritional and functional status of patients in geriatric medical long-term care. | in the uk the department of health recommends influenza vaccination for elderly people resident in institutional care. however, the efficacy of vaccination may be reduced in very frail elderly people with functional impairment, undernutrition and multiple pathologies. nutritional and functional status is claimed to affect vaccine responses in healthy elderly subjects. we wished to determine if a relationship could be seen between nutritional and functional status and seroconversion in patients r ... | 1999 | 10350410 |
| a new series of c3-aza carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity. | the synthesis and influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity of a new series of c3-aza carbocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors are described. analogues 3c and 3j, bearing a 3-pentyl group, exhibit influenza a inhibitory activities comparable to that of 1. | 1998 | 9873727 |
| the influence of sequential annual vaccination and of dhea administration on the efficacy of the immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. | the present study examined the effect of repeated vaccination and of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) treatment on the immune response to influenza vaccine in elderly subjects. seventy-one elderly volunteers, aged 61-89 years, enrolled in a prospective randomized, double-blind study to receive either dhea (50 mg qd p.o. for 4 consecutive days starting 2 days before immunization) or placebo. antibody response against the three strains of vaccine was measured before and 28 days after vaccination, and ... | 1998 | 9720660 |
| glycan-regulated antigen processing of a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum can uncover cryptic cytotoxic t cell epitopes. | we and others have shown that influenza a nucleoprotein (np) targeted to the secretory pathway cannot be processed to yield several cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes in cell lines that lack the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap). however, a large cooh-terminal fragment of np is processed and presented in these cells. full-length np is cotranslationally glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum at two sites distal to the major h2-kk and h2-db restricted ctl epit ... | 1998 | 9705959 |
| stress-induced neuroendocrine modulation of viral pathogenesis and immunity. | physical restraint (rst) was used to examine the interactions among the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis, sympathetic nervous system, and the immune response to infection. in these studies, mice were infected with either herpes simplex virus (hsv) or influenza a/pr8 virus so that the impact of neuroendocrine activation could be assessed on disease pathophysiology and anti-viral immunity. rst suppressed lymphadenopathy in draining lymph nodes, reduced mononuclear cellular infiltration in ... | 1998 | 9629306 |
| immune response to influenza vaccination in institutionalized elderly: effect on different t-cell subsets. | humoral and cellular immunological responses to influenza vaccination were measured in volunteers in a long-term care facility. all participants were vaccinated with the commercially available 1994-95 trivalent influenza vaccine and blood samples were collected before and 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination. cytokine and granzyme b in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) cultures after virus stimulation, and serum antibody titres were measured for each of these time points. in general, the meas ... | 1998 | 9607063 |
| autologous dendritic cells derived from cd34+ progenitors and from monocytes are not functionally equivalent antigen-presenting cells in the induction of melan-a/mart-1(27-35)-specific ctls from peripheral blood lymphocytes of melanoma patients with low frequency of ctl precursors. | peptide presentation by autologous dendritic cells (dcs) is a new tool to activate tumor antigen-specific t cells in melanoma patients. however, it is not known whether autologous dcs, differentiated by two of the most efficient protocols (from cd34+ progenitors or from monocytes), are equally effective as professional antigen-presenting cells (apcs) when the patients have a low frequency of peptide-specific precursors. to this end, a limiting dilution assay was applied to evaluate the frequency ... | 1997 | 9407964 |
| initiation codon scanthrough versus termination codon readthrough demonstrates strong potential for major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cryptic epitope expression. | accumulating evidence shows that the repertoire of major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes extends beyond conventional translation reading frames. previously, we reported that scanthrough translation, where the initiating aug of a primary open reading frame is bypassed, is most likely to account for the presentation of cryptic epitopes from alternative reading frames within the influenza a pr/8/34 nucleoprotein gene. here, we confirm and extend these findings using an epitop ... | 1997 | 9314554 |
| glycosylation: heterogeneity and the 3d structure of proteins. | glycoproteins generally exist as populations of glycosylated variants (glycoforms) of a single polypeptide. although the same glycosylation machinery is available to all proteins that enter the secretory pathway in a given cell, most glycoproteins emerge with characteristic glycosylation patterns and heterogeneous populations of glycans at each glycosylation site. the factors that control the composition of the glycoform populations and the role that heterogeneity plays in the function of glycop ... | 1997 | 9063619 |
| recombinant baculovirus influenza a hemagglutinin vaccines are well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy adults. | in a prospective double-blind trial, the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant baculovirus influenza a vaccines containing purified full-length hemagglutinin (ha) were compared with standard trivalent inactivated vaccine (tiv). the recombinant baculovirus influenza a vaccines (rha0) were monovalent (containing 45 micrograms of a/beijing/92[h3] and 15, 45, and 135 micrograms of a/texas/91[h1]) and bivalent (containing 45 micrograms of both a/beijing/92 and a/texas/91). the bivalent rha ... | 1996 | 8843225 |
| virus-induced interferon production in leukocyte cultures from children with recurrent respiratory infections. a follow-up study. | lowered yields of virus-induced interferon (ifn) by leukocyte cultures were previously suggested to be associated with recurrent respiratory infections in children (pitkaranta et al. (1993) clin. diagn. virol. 1, 101-108). | 1996 | 15566885 |
| value of influenza vaccine during an outbreak of influenza a in a nursing home, pyrenees atlantiques, france, november-december 1995. | a public health officer of the direction departementale de l'action sanitaire et sociale des pyrenees atlantiques in france was notified of an outbreak of acute respiratory illness among residents of a nursing home on 4 december, 1995. over 50 of the 69 r | 1996 | 12631839 |
| short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: results of the aphea project in paris. | to quantify the short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution in the paris area. | 1996 | 8758223 |
| inhibition of i-ad-, but not db-restricted peptide-induced thymic apoptosis by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ru486 in t cell receptor transgenic mice. | thymocytes differentiate by positive and negative selection of immature cd4+ cd8+ t cells. negative selection occurs by default or by high-affinity recognition of peptides bound to proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). mhc class i molecules are expressed on many different cell types, although at different levels, whereas mhc class ii molecules are selectively expressed on thymic epithelial cells (tec) and dendritic cells (dc). we investigated the role of the glucocortic ... | 1996 | 8617314 |
| interferon production by leukocytes in children with otitis media with effusion. | we have previously shown that leukocyte cultures of children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections produce less interferon (ifn) than those of healthy children. in the present study this tentative marker of recurrent infections was used to study the pathogenetic background of otitis media with effusion (ome). altogether 57 consecutive children, aged 2-11 years, who came for tympanostomy and/or adenoidectomy were divided into three subgroups: 25 of them had ome and a history of re ... | 1996 | 8770670 |
| anti-infective therapy for viral pneumonia. | the recognition of viruses as causes of pneumonia in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts has expanded dramatically. the number of therapeutic agents available for treatment of these illness also has increased in the last decade. each of these agents has demonstrated a limited therapeutic indication for treatment of viral pneumonia. many of these agents inhibit viral dna synthesis through actions as nucleoside analogs (such as acyclovir and ganciclovir). however, a variety of alterna ... | 1995 | 8668855 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin b-activated t cells can be redirected to inhibit multicycle virus replication. | cell-mediated immunity is a crucial part of recovery from virus infections. adoptive transfer of t cells into infected animals is restricted by the need for ag-specific and mhc-restricted t cells. one way to overcome these limitations is to use bifunctional abs to redirect the t cells against virus-infected cells. we have demonstrated that bifunctional abs can inhibit virus replication in the presence of activated t cells. to generate a large number of activated t cells in a short time, we teste ... | 1995 | 7608553 |
| different mhc class i alleles compete for presentation of overlapping viral epitopes. | we previously identified an hla-b8+ donor, nw, whose lymphoblastoid cells failed to present a b8-restricted epitope from the influenza a nucleoprotein following viral infection, although added peptide could still be presented. the failure to present through hla-b8 following viral infection appears to be specific for the np epitope. here, we report that donor nw makes an hla-b2702-restricted influenza-specific ctl response to an epitope in the nucleoprotein that overlaps the b8-restricted epitope ... | 1995 | 7542549 |
| selection of t cell receptor variable gene-encoded amino acids on the third binding site loop: a factor influencing variable chain selection in a t cell response. | the 3' end of the t cell receptor v beta 7.1 gene contains the five nucleotides caaga between the broadly conserved consensus sequence of nucleotides tgc/t gcc agc agc (which encode cysteine, alanine, serine and serine at positions 92-95 of the beta chain) and the heptamer that signals rearrangement. these nucleotides are frequently preserved during gene rearrangement, resulting in the common presence of glutamine at position 96 and of aspartate or glutamate at position 97 of the v beta 7.1 chai ... | 1995 | 7614978 |
| multiple defects of t helper cell function in newly diagnosed patients with hodgkin's disease. | t helper cell (th) function, as assessed by interleukin-2 (il-2) production and [3h]thymidine incorporation, was studied in 47 newly diagnosed untreated patients with hodgkin's disease (hd) and 34 healthy controls. three different stimuli were used to stimulate in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc): influenza a vaccine (flu), hla alloantigens (allo) and phytohaemagglutinin (pha). four different patterns of th function were observed in hd patients: (1) il-2 production in response to ... | 1994 | 7833103 |
| [variation of influenza viruses and their recognition of the receptor sialo-sugar chains]. | influenza a, b viruses contain 2 viral specific, membrane associated glycoprotein antigens, hemagglutinin and sialidase. hemagglutinin is essential for the initial binding of the virus to the cell membrane receptors that contain sialic acid such as gangliosides and sialo-glycoproteins. hemagglutinin is also important for the intracellular viral uncoating by the low ph fusion processes. the evolution of the influenza viruses and host range variation come from the mutation of hemagglutinin and sia ... | 1993 | 7690853 |
| identification of t-cell epitopes: rapid isolation of class i-presented peptides from viable cells by mild acid elution. | a novel method was developed to isolate immunogenic peptides (cd8+ t-cell epitopes) from class i complexes expressed at the cell surface of viable cells. cells treated at ph 3.3 with citrate-phosphate buffer for periods as short as 15 s remained viable and became phenotypically class i deficient. qualitative loss of class i determinants was verified both serologically and by the incapacity of acid-treated cells to be lysed by class i-restricted cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctls) in contrast to non-a ... | 1993 | 7506576 |
| detection of influenza a in clinical specimens and cell culture fluid by a commercial eia. | a moab-based capture eia for the direct detection of influenza a from clinical samples was compared with cell culture isolation. a total of 330 respiratory specimens were submitted for detection of influenza a and/or other respiratory viruses. influenza a was detected in 39 of 330 (12%) respiratory samples by culture or eia. there were 33 concordant (eia+/culture-) samples (82%), and 6 discordant samples (3 eia +/culture-; 3 eia-/culture+). compared to viral isolation, the eia had a sensitivity ... | 1993 | 15566725 |
| infections in the elderly. | weakness, falls, incontinence or altered mental states may signal infection in the elderly, while fever may be absent. bacteria are the most likely cause, and the most common sites are the respiratory system, the urinary tract and the soft tissues. joint infections and meningitis must be remembered, as must bacterial endocarditis. herpes zoster may be ameliorated by early treatment with acyclovir. annual influenza vaccination is recommended, and amantadine may protect against influenza a (not b) ... | 1993 | 8326895 |
| morbidity, cost and role of health care worker transmission in an influenza outbreak in a tertiary care hospital. | an influenza a outbreak involving 17 health care workers (hcws) and 16 chronic geriatric patients on a ward in a tertiary care hospital was reviewed. thirty-seven per cent of all hcws and 47% of patients on the affected wards became ill with influenza. three patients died during the outbreak. the majority of health care workers became ill prior to detecting the first patient case of influenza, suggesting that nosocomial spread from hcws to patients may have occurred. only 13.7% of the staff and ... | 1993 | 22346421 |
| genetic manipulation of negative-strand rna virus genomes. | negative-strand rna viruses have been refractory to genetic manipulation using recombinant dna techniques. recently, new techniques were developed that allowed the rescue of synthetic rna molecules into influenza a viruses and, subsequently, into other negative-strand rna viruses. these techniques are presently being used to study the molecular biology of these viruses. questions concerning cis- and trans-acting elements that are involved in transcription and replication of negative-sense rna vi ... | 1993 | 8257115 |
| assembly of mhc class i molecules in ex vivo carcinoma cells induced by ifn-gamma or by a binding peptide. | it has been reported that the assembly of mhc class i molecules in mutagenized cell lines could be induced by specific binding peptides. we have now demonstrated that the defect in assembly between heavy and light chains of class i molecules naturally occurred in tumor cells of one spontaneous ovarian carcinoma detected by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing of immunoprecipitates with anti-monomorphic class i mab (w6/32) and by immunostaining with free heavy chain and beta 2m-specific mabs. in ... | 1992 | 1623553 |
| [effect of air pollutants on the health of the annaberg district population with special reference to acute respiratory tract diseases]. | from 1978 to 1988 in the district of annaberg (saxony, state frontier to czechoslovakia) investigations were accomplished to assess the state of health in people living there. the southern part of the district rises to a crest (saxon ore mountain). it is influenced by air pollution from northern bohemia. the incidence of acute infections of the upper airways showed a remarkable dependence on the degree of air pollution in the age groups up to 18 years, especially in the group of infants. in the ... | 1992 | 1495266 |
| amantadine neurotoxicity in a pediatric patient with renal insufficiency. | amantadine hydrochloride, a dopamine agonist with antiviral and antiparkinsonism properties, is used for the prevention and treatment of influenza a respiratory infections in high-risk populations. the occurrence of amantadine-induced hallucinations and tremors is described in a young, renal transplant patient with declining renal function. following discontinuation of amantadine, plasma amantadine concentrations were correlated with central nervous system toxicity. in view of the usage of amant ... | 1991 | 1763530 |
| presentation of viral antigen to class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte. recognition of an immunodominant influenza hemagglutinin site by cytotoxic t lymphocyte is independent of the position of the site in the hemagglutinin translation product. | class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) restricted t lymphocytes preferentially recognize fragments of polypeptides processed through a nonendosomal presentation pathway. at present the intracellular compartment(s) in which polypeptide fragmentation occurs and factors which influence the formation of an antigenic epitope are not well understood. to assess the role of residues flanking an antigenic site in the generation of the antigenic moiety recognized by class i mhc restricted t lympho ... | 1991 | 1875170 |
| [studies on the effects of air pollution on health of the population of annaberg district with special reference to acute respiratory diseases]. | from 1978 to 1988 in the district of annaberg (saxony, state frontier to czechoslovakia) investigations were accomplished to assess the state of health in people living there. the southern part of the district rises to a crest (saxon ore mountains). it is influenced by air pollution from northern bohemia. the incidence of acute infections of the upper airways showed a remarkable dependence on the degree of air pollution in the age groups up to 18 years, especially in the group of infants. in the ... | 1991 | 1830384 |
| similarities of guamanian als/pd to post-encephalitic parkinsonism/als: possible viral cause. | guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with parkinsonism-dementia (als/pd) has been the subject of intensive study since its discovery in 1947 because of its extraordinarily high incidence in a small ethnic group (chamorros) whose dietary lack and customs have suggested possible causes. as yet, these and other suspected causes have eluded proof. because of marked similarities between guamanian als/pd and late onset post-encephalitic (encephalitis lethargica) parkinsonism and als it is suggested ... | 1990 | 2276102 |
| perspectives in antiviral chemotherapy. | the current progress in antiviral therapy is related to our better understanding of the viral multiplication, with potential targets for specific antiviral action at each step of the multiplication cycle inside the infected cell. amantadine and rimantadine are anti-influenza a drugs interfering with the penetration and the release of the virus. most of the other antiviral drugs which are clinically available have the same target in common, namely the viral dna polymerase. this holds true for mod ... | 1990 | 2210592 |
| [what hides behind the diagnoses angina follicularis and lacunaris? a contribution to the differentiation of tonsillitis]. | an one-year examination of 315 children shows that under the diagnosis of follicular tonsillitis or lacunar tonsillitis many aetiological different diseases are summarized. more frequently than previously assumed adeno-, respiratory syncytial-, influenza a-, entero-, herpes simplex- and probably other viruses are the cause. it is shown to what extent the critical general evaluation also of discrete clinical data enables a differentiation. the usual general penicillin therapy of the patients with ... | 1989 | 2696805 |
| control of influenza: when do i use amantadine? | influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in canada yearly despite the availability of vaccine and the antiviral drug amantadine (symmetrel®). vaccine is prepared annually against specific subtypes of influenza a and b that are anticipated to predominate during the winter months. the vaccine should be given in early autumn to patients considered at high risk for the sequelae of influenza. amantadine, which was first marketed for the treatment of influenza in the early 1960s, is effect ... | 1989 | 21249092 |
| could parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza? a speculative hypothesis. | | 1989 | 2769296 |
| fluorometric assay for the measurement of viral neuraminidase in influenza vaccines. | influenza viruses have two surface glycoproteins: haemagglutinin and neuraminidase which are capable of inducing a significant antibody response following vaccination. all neuraminidases from different strains of influenza a and b viruses are able to hydrolyse alpha-ketosidic linkages between n-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid and other carbohydrates. in this report, the neuraminidase activity was assayed in various influenza vaccines by using a fluorogenic substrate: the sodium salt of 2'-(4-meth ... | 1989 | 2750267 |
| measurement of rimantadine in plasma by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a deuterium-labeled internal standard. | rimantadine is a synthetic antiviral agent used in prophylaxis and in treating the early stages of uncomplicated influenza a illness. we describe a stable isotope-dilution assay involving capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. we used 200 ng of d3-rimantadine, added to 1 ml of plasma, as the internal standard. the rimantadine was extracted from the plasma with a bond-elut cn column, the column was washed with water, and the rimantadine was eluted with methanol, dried, and treated to for ... | 1988 | 3402062 |
| coronary events in the hunter region of new south wales, australia: 1984-1986. | the results of coronary event registration using the protocol of the world health organization monica project are reported for two years for the hunter region, the area in and around newcastle in new south wales, australia. the newcastle monica project monitors all suspected cases of heart attack by identifying patients from hospital admissions and obtaining information while they are still in hospital. for people who die out of hospital, the initial source of information is usually the death ce ... | 1988 | 3202036 |
| vestibular neuronitis. an otoneurological evaluation. | eighty-one cases with vestibular neuronitis were examined. the diagnostic criteria were a sudden onset of vertigo without previous symptoms, spontaneous nystagmus towards the healthy side, totally extinguished caloric responses with 44 degrees c and 30 degrees c water irrigation and no involvement of hearing associated with the onset of the disease. the series was divided into a prospective and a retrospective group. the prospective group a was examined at the acute stage, about 1 month and 1 ye ... | 1988 | 3068952 |
| tissue destruction resulting from the interaction of cytotoxic t cells and their targets. | in vitro and in vivo-generated cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for major and minor histocompatibility antigens evoked antigen-specific full-thickness skin necrosis when injected intradermally into allogeneic mice in a variety of strain combinations. in addition, ctl-target-cell mixtures injected intradermally into hosts syngeneic to the ctl also evoked destruction of host tissue. these "innocent bystander" reactions were evoked with alloreactive ctl as well as with ctl directed against ha ... | 1988 | 3052207 |
| reye's syndrome. | the author defines and discusses reye's syndrome and the hypotheses relating to its causes and associating its incidence with that of chickenpox and influenza a and b. the recent decline in the incidence of reye's syndrome appears to be related to the reduced use of aspirin in children and adolescents. although evidence so far is circumstantial, north american p(a)ediatric associations have indicated that aspirin should not be used to control fever in children who have viral infections but espec ... | 1987 | 21264006 |
| [reye syndrome]. | clinical course, laboratory findings and histopathological features of reye's syndrome as described. etiological and pathogenetic aspects are still under discussion although a viral infection preceding reye's syndrome is a very common finding. preceding influenza b, influenza a and varicella infections were most often seen in the united states. a genetic disposition seems to exists in some cases. exogenic factors of pathogenetic relevances are aflatoxin, emulging agents, insecticides, paracetamo ... | 1987 | 3317005 |
| comparison of live and inactivated influenza vaccine in high risk children. | bivalent, live attenuated intranasally administered influenza a vaccines were compared to inactivated, parenterally administered influenza a vaccines in a double-blind clinical trial in 55 children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. no qualitative or quantitative difference in symptomatology between the group receiving intranasal live vaccine versus placebo was observed. serum immune responses to live vaccines were somewhat less than those to inactivated vaccine, particularly in adults. iga ... | 1987 | 3314221 |
| influenza: a shot or not? | | 1987 | 3822674 |
| molecular form and subclass distribution of iga antibodies after immunization with live and inactivated influenza a vaccines. | | 1987 | 3425456 |
| impairment of the immune response to influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients by cyclosporine, but not azathioprine. | influenza vaccination has been strongly recommended for immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. however, immunosuppression may lead to impaired antibody responses. we studied the antibody response to an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in 59 renal transplant recipients with life-sustaining kidney function: 21 were on cyclosporine and prednisone, 38 on azathioprine and prednisone. healthy volunteers (n = 29) and patients on hemodialysis (n = 28) served as controls. despite comparable ... | 1986 | 3532450 |
| identification of new b27 subtypes (b27c and b27d) prevalent in oriental populations. | with the aid of alloreactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes, three subtypes of hla-b27 can be defined: b27w, b27k, and b27c (non-b27w and non-b27k). the b27c subtype can be distinguished by 1d-ief, is not recognized by b27w- or b27k-restricted influenza-a-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes, and is prevalent in oriental populations. preliminary data indicate that the various b27 subtypes (w, k, c) are in different linkage disequilibria with hla-c antigens. a fourth subtype of b27 (non-b27w and non-b27k), ... | 1986 | 2941398 |
| serum concentrations and safety of rimantadine in paediatric patients. | rimantadine has been shown to be more active in vitro and less toxic than amantadine in adults with influenza a disease. because of a lack of studies in pediatric patients, we designed a study to evaluate serum concentrations and adverse effects of rimantadine in infants receiving repeated doses. fourteen hospitalized infants (ages 1-10 months) were given rimantadine syrup at 3 mg/kg/dose in single daily doses during influenza season. blood samples were obtained prior to dose and at various inte ... | 1986 | 3770065 |
| benzodiazepine-opiate antagonism--a problem in intensive-care therapy. | a 14-year-old previously fit schoolboy was admitted with staphylococcal pneumonia secondary to influenza a infection. his condition deteriorated as he developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards); during a stormy recovery exceptionally high doses of benzodiazepines and opiates were given in order to suppress voluntary breathing during a successful period of assisted ventilation. it is possible that benzodiazepine-opiate antagonism developed. subsequent studies in laboratory mice indicate ... | 1986 | 2872242 |
| immunization against influenza by the ocular route. | the immunogenicity of influenza a strain a/northern territory/60/68 for csl mice when delivered by the ocular, nasal and subcutaneous routes was determined according to the median protective dose, pd50, i.e. the dose of infectious virus required to induce inhibition of multiplication of a standard intranasal challenge dose of 10(4.5) median tissue-culture-infectious doses (tcid50) of homologous virus three weeks after vaccination (pd50). for mice inoculated by the ocular route, an immunizing dos ... | 1985 | 4060858 |
| the role of infection in asthma: implications for antibiotic therapy. | respiratory infection, most prominently bronchiolitis, contracted in infancy is frequently associated with recurrent wheezing episodes and asthma in later life. atopic individuals and those with a family history of allergy or asthma in first-degree relatives are especially susceptible to the development of chronic airway dysfunction and should be identified early. it is also noteworthy that parenteral cigarette smoking may serve as an additional marker of the high-risk patient. respiratory infec ... | 1984 | 6713812 |
| statistical procedures for estimating the community probability of illness in family studies: rhinovirus and influenza. | a statistical method is presented for determining acquisition rates of illness from community sources of infection and for distinguishing among viruses which are associated with different epidemic seasons. the new method consists of a computationally simple procedure for estimating the community transmission parameter and the standard error of the estimator. this method, as well as a previously developed maximum likelihood procedure, is applied to illness data as a means for distinguishing among ... | 1984 | 6321368 |
| myositis induced by influenza a in mice. | | 1984 | 6399338 |
| mediators of immediate hypersensitivity in nasal secretions during natural colds and rhinovirus infection. | to test the hypothesis that viral respiratory infections cause symptoms by activating mucosal mast cells to release mediators active on vasculature and mucosal glands, the presence of histamine in nasal secretions was assessed during natural colds and rhinovirus infections. secretions were collected either with saline washes of the nasal cavity or by forcibly blowing into a beaker, and histamine was assayed spectrofluorometrically. in blown secretions from uninfected subjects, large variations w ... | 1984 | 6099951 |
| immunization against influenza by the ocular route. brief report. | the immunogenicity of influenza a strain a/northern territory/60/68 for mice when delivered by the ocular, nasal and sub-cutaneous routes was determined according to the dose of infectious virus required to induce inhibition of multiplication of a standard intransal challenge dose in 50 per cent of animals per group 3 weeks after vaccination. for mice inoculated by the ocular route, an immunizing dose of 10(2.89) tcid50 per animal was required. for anesthetised mice vaccinated intranasally and u ... | 1983 | 6651532 |
| potential for single high-dose influenza immunization in unprimed children. | high concentrations of split-product vaccine (spv) are more immunogenic than lower concentrations. these studies were verified with another influenza strain, b/singapore/22/79. two ether-treated spvs were compared in 80 children and young adults. the vaccine strains were influenza a/bangkok/79, a/brazil/78, and b/singapore/79; 44 patients received a high-dose spv containing 7, 7 and 60 micrograms each of the respective hemagglutinins (ha) and 36 received a standard dose spv containing 7, 7, and ... | 1982 | 7145555 |
| [effectiveness of a combination of remantadine and ribamide administered by aerosol in experimental influenzal infection in white mice]. | the effectiveness of remantadine, ribamide, and combination there of administered in aerosol on experimental influenza a/aichi/2/68 virus infection in white mice was studied. each of the drugs used alone was found to produce significant reduction in the mortality rate. use of the drugs in combination both for therapeutic-prophylactic and for therapeutic purposes is of the additive nature, reducing the mortality of the animals by 50% as compared with the control group. | 2016 | 7135923 |
| antibody formation after vaccination with adsorbed and non-adsorbed a/new jersey/8/76 influenza vaccines. | a study was carried out to determine the titres of haemagglutination inhibiting and neuraminidase antibodies after vaccination of 90 subjects, aged 19 to 35 years, with three aluminium oxide adsorbate and three fluid monovalent influenza a/new jersey/8/76 vaccines with 54, 108 and 216 iu/dose. blood samples were taken 1, 3 and 6 months after vaccination. the serological findings showed that adsorbate vaccines induced higher antibody titres than did fluid vaccines with double the antigen content. ... | 1982 | 7134228 |
| specificity of the helper t cell for the cytolytic t lymphocyte response to influenza viruses. | we have described a model system in which helper t cells are required to mount a primary antiviral cytolytic t lymphocyte response. the radioresistant helper cell can be found in the spleens of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously with influenza viruses 6-8 d previously. these helper cells appear to be type specific but cross-reactive among the subtypes of influenza a viruses. the phenotypes of the interacting cell populations were determined. | 1981 | 6973607 |
| a/nj/8/76 influenza vaccination program: effects on maternal health and pregnancy outcome. | one hundred eighty-nine women who were immunized with influenza a/new jersey/8/76 virus vaccine (infa/nj) just prior to or during their pregnancy were compared with a control group of 517 pregnant women who did not receive the vaccine. this longitudinal, prospective study demonstrated no association between immunization with infa/nj and maternal, perinatal, or infant complications. no teratogenicity was demonstrated, and the two groups of infants did not differ in physical or neurological assess ... | 1981 | 7246624 |
| pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. | amantadine is useful for the prevention and treatment of influenza a and for the treatment of parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders. we have compared the pharmacokinetics of amantadine in patients with impaired or negligible renal function to that in normal subjects. the half-life of elimination in subjects with normal renal function was 11.8 +/- 2.1 hours (range, 9.7 to 14.5 h). eight patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance from 43.1 to ... | 1981 | 7212501 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigens in paraffin embedded autopsy specimens of virally infected central nervous system. | viral antigens are preserved in routinely processed and paraffin embedded cns tissue to an extent that they can be traced by the highly sensitive and specific unlabeled antibody method. using this method, it was possible to visualize antigens of measles, influenza a, polio, varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalo, parainfluenza i, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, moloney, and friend virus. | 1981 | 7013411 |
| reye's syndrome and salicylate use. | during an outbreak of influenza a, seven patients with reye's syndrome and 16 ill classmate control subjects were evaluated for characteristics of the patients' prodromal illness and the control subjects illness and for medication usage. patients during the prodrome and control subjects had similar rates of sore throat, coryza, cough, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints except for documented fever which occurred significantly more often in patients than in control subjects (p = .05). while ... | 1980 | 7454476 |
| influenza vaccine in unprimed children: improved immunogenicity with few reactions following one high dose of split-product vaccine. | thirty-one unprimed children and young adults received an influenza a/ussr/77 vaccine containing 43 microgram of hemagglutinin. their hai antibody response was compared to that in 92 age-matched individuals from the 1978 national influenza immunization trial who received 10 and 4 microgram ha vaccines. a dose-related antibody response was observed after the first vaccine doses in the 7- to 12- and 13- to 25-year-old groups. an hai titer greater than or equal to 40 was present in 81% and 93% of 4 ... | 1980 | 7381649 |
| illness after influenza vaccination reported through a nationwide surveillance system, 1976-1977. | in 1976, the center for disease control coordinated nationwide surveillance for illnesses after influenza vaccination as part of an effort to vaccinate the nation against influenza a/new jersey/76. for the 48,161,019 persons vaccinated in 1976, a total of 4733 reports of illness were received which included reports of 223 deaths. when guillain-barré syndrome was reported in vaccine recipients, an investigation was begun to examine this possible association. other than the guillain-barré syndrome ... | 1980 | 7361749 |
| search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic parkinson disease brain material. | virological studies were performed on brain material from 9 patients with idiopathic parkinson disease and 3 matched controls. electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescent study were carried out directly on autopsy material from substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, and hypothalamus and on primary tissue culture explants of these brain areas grown alone or in cocultivation with virus-susceptible indicator cell lines. all studies were negative for the presence of viral particles, viral inclusi ... | 1979 | 534425 |
| [revision of the nomenclature of the influenza a viruses]. | | 2016 | 483783 |
| a clinical trial with alice/r-75 strain, live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal bivalent influenza a/b vaccine. | a clinical trial was conducted with alice/r-75 strain live attenuated intranasal influenza a/b vaccine. with double blind control 88 adult volunteers were administered 2 doses of alice/r-75 vaccine, 93 volunteers received one dose of alice/r-75 vaccine and one dose placebo solution and 94 subjects were administered 2 doses of placebo solution. twenty-three other subjects received alice strain monovalent influenza a vaccine. for comparison, data from 21 subjects who received monovalent intranasal ... | 1979 | 375050 |
| salicylate intoxication and influenza in ferrets. | a model of salicylate intoxication was developed in ferrets to permit the evaluation of the interaction with viruses isolated from patients with reye's syndrome. salicylate intoxication produced a mild elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and fatty changes in the liver, but these changes differed from those seen in reye's syndrome on light and electron microscopy. salicylates were associated with decreased activity of hepatic phosphorylase and a slight depression of activity ... | 1979 | 432001 |
| purification of the influenza hemagglutinin glycoprotein and characterization of its carbohydrate components. | hemagglutinin from influenza a/pr8 virus was purified after treatment of the virus with sodium deoxycholate followed by extraction with tri-n-butyl phosphate. this fully disrupted the virus while preserving hemagglutinating activity. the hemagglutinin was obtained in the form of small aggregates that could be separated from other viral components. purified hemagglutinin was hydrolyzed to determine carbohydrate composition and digested with pronase to analyze oligosaccharide structures. sugars pr ... | 1978 | 660720 |
| systemic reactions to influenza vaccine containing killed influenza a/new jersey/8/76. | | 1977 | 928286 |
| studies with a live influenza a vaccine in army personnel. | a live attenuated influenza a vaccine, produced from an inhibitor-resistant recombinant strain, was administered intranasally to 46 volunteers from the army during the southern winter of 1973. to compare the acceptibility, immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine, a killed subunit vaccine was administered to 20 volunteers, and an intranasal placebo to 45 others. results indicate that the live intranasal vaccine was as well tolerated as the killed vaccine and that there was no evidence of shed ... | 1977 | 323793 |
| solid phase antibody assay by means of enzyme conjugated to anti-immunoglobulin. | a solid phase antibody assay by means of alkaline phosphatase conjugated to antiimmunoglobulin is described. specially designed microcuvettes were sensitized with influenza a antigen, and antibodies bound to it were assayed by anti-igg alkaline phosphatase conjugate in a semiautomated photometer equipped with a programmable calculator. the sensitivity was found to be 200 times higher than hi- or cf-techniques, and the interassay variation was so small that twofold changes in antobody activity co ... | 1976 | 795817 |
| virion-associated transcriptase activity of influenza recombinant and mutant strains. | a comparative study of the in vitro reaction kinetics of the virion rna polymerase of influenza a strains ws and wsn was conducted to establish phenotypic differences for enzyme activity that might be exchanged as genetic markers among recombinants of these viruses. characteristically, the rna polymerase activity of ws virus showed an initial rate of synthesis about two- to threefold higher than that of wsn when assayed at 32 c. the two strains were also distinguishable by comparing the transcri ... | 1975 | 1159893 |
| evidence of influenza viruses in guinea hens and white embden geese. | serologic evidence of infection with influenza a viruses is reported in commercially raised guinea fowl and white embden geese in minnesota. | 2005 | 1156261 |
| response to influenza vaccine in adjuvant 65-4. | a comparison was made of the antibody response and subjective reactions to zonally-purified influenza vaccine in aqueous suspension and in peanut oil adjuvant 65-4. both preparations contained 700 cca units of a/aichi/2/68, and 300 cca units of b/mass/1/71. subjective reactions were recorded by asking the volunteers to complete a record daily for 5 days. pain at the injection site was recorded by 64 per cent of the recipients of the oil adjuvant vaccine compared with 35 per cent of the aqueous r ... | 1975 | 1054729 |
| [effect of antibiotics on experimental influenza immunity]. | the influence of antibodies (tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin) on formation of immunity to influenza was studied experimentally in white mice which were immunized with live influenza a/pr8 virus and were given antibiotics in average therapeutic doses for 10 days. these antibiotics were found to inhibit formation of antiviral immunity. | 2016 | 1121852 |
| antigenic profile of neuraminidases of influenza a viruses isolated in 1957-1973. | | 1974 | 4141862 |
| [entry of influenza a-hong-kong-1-68 (h3-n2) virus into the bronchial and alveolar epitheliums of balb-c mice. electron microscopy (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4368124 |
| [serological evidence of the circulation of various variants of the influenza type a viruses among migratory birds in northern and western zones of the ussr]. | | 2016 | 4545335 |
| genetic interaction between two influenza a-ws virus mutants. 3. capacity of ws-nws recombinants to reproduce in various cell systems. | | 1973 | 4150032 |
| effect of isoprinosine against influenza and some other viruses causing respiratory diseases. | the antiviral activity of isoprinosine was tested in tissue cultures and mice. in tissue cultures, concentrations of 25 to 100 mug/ml inhibited the infectivity of influenza and herpes hominis viruses but not parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, or adenovirus. among different strains of influenza a, there was considerable variability in the inhibitory concentration of isoprinosine. for influenza b, a zone effect was observed in the inhibitory drug concentration. oral prophylactic administration of is ... | 1972 | 4790561 |
| [selection of dominant mutants of the influenza a (hong kong) virus by immunological pressure]. | | 1973 | 4201540 |
| enhanced response to influenza a vaccines in hamsters primed by prior heterotype influenza infection. | | 1973 | 4747047 |
| an inhibitor of the particle-associated rna-dependent rna polymerase of influenza a and b viruses. | | 1973 | 4722568 |
| comparison of neutralizing activity in nasal secretion and serum of ferrets in response to infection with influenza a viruses. | | 1973 | 4692625 |
| [heat sensitivity of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza a-strains]. | | 1972 | 5063706 |
| [comparative study of the amino acid composition of the proteins of influenza type a viruses of the a2(leningrad)-67 and a2(hong kong)-68 strains]. | | 1972 | 4663518 |
| selective removal of neuraminidase from influenza a 2 viruses. | | 1972 | 4641943 |
| transmissibility of avian influenza-a viruses. | | 1971 | 5106150 |
| the polypeptide composition of influenza a viruses. | | 1971 | 4998414 |
| [growth of tumor-adapted influenza a 0 virus in suspensions of ehrlich ascites cells in vitro]. | | 1971 | 5136327 |
| effect of avian influenza-a viruses upon egg production and fertility of turkeys. | | 1970 | 5503018 |
| inhibition of influenza a viruses by adamantanamines: rate of resistance development in embryonated eggs and in mice. | | 1970 | 5455469 |
| amantadine therapy of epidemic influenza a(2) (hong kong). | in a double-blind comparison of the therapeutic effect of amantadine in a natural outbreak of hong kong influenza in january 1969 near houston, texas, the decrease in titers of virus in throat swabs from 12 treated patients during the first 10 hr of treatment was appreciably greater than similar titers of virus from 16 untreated patients (p = 0.06). the titer of shed virus decreased significantly more rapidly (p < 0.05) among amantadine-treated patients ill more than 48 hr before treatment than ... | 1970 | 16557714 |
| a radial immunodiffusion test for quantitative assay of influenza a antibodies. | | 1970 | 4992250 |
| the effect of protease treatment on the morphology of influenza a, b and c viruses. | | 1969 | 5823666 |