| [influenza]. | yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics with influenza have been observed for several hundred years. during the last pandemic the reported deaths due to confirmed influenza was lower than expected. new epidemiologic analyses demonstrate that the severity has probably been underestimated. in addition, cohort data from severely ill patients support the use of neuraminidase inhibitors in complicated influenza infections. due to the increasing divergence of the two circulation influenza b strains, ... | 2013 | 24281959 |
| throat swabs in children with respiratory tract infection: associations with clinical presentation and potential targets for point-of-care testing. | diagnostic uncertainty over respiratory tract infections (rtis) in primary care contributes to over-prescribing of antibiotics and drives antibiotic resistance. if symptoms and signs predict respiratory tract microbiology, they could help clinicians target antibiotics to bacterial infection. this study aimed to determine relationships between symptoms and signs in children presenting to primary care and microbes from throat swabs. | 2017 | 28334924 |
| exposure to common respiratory bacteria alters the airway epithelial response to subsequent viral infection. | colonization of the airways with potential pathogenic bacteria is observed in a number of chronic respiratory diseases, such as copd or cystic fibrosis. infections with respiratory viruses are known triggers of exacerbations of these diseases. we here investigated if pre-exposure to bacteria alters the response of lung epithelial cells to subsequent viral infection. | 2016 | 27259950 |
| volatile organic compounds generated by cultures of bacteria and viruses associated with respiratory infections. | respiratory infections (ri) can be viral or bacterial in origin. in either case, the invasion of the pathogen results in production and release of various volatile organic compounds (vocs). the present study examines the vocs released from cultures of five viruses (influenza a, influenza b, adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus and parainfluenza 1 virus), three bacteria (moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and legionella pneumophila) and mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated colonies. our r ... | 2015 | 26033043 |
| environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens. | 2014 | 25465254 |
| culture proven bacterial meningitis in children: agents, clinical profile and outcome. | meningitis is a serious infection. little is known about the bacterial agents and their antibacterial sensitivity in nepalese children. | 2013 | 22610807 |
| evaluation of the advansure™ real-time rt-pcr compared with culture and seeplex rv15 for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses. | recently, advansure™ kit based on multiplex real-time pcr was developed for simultaneous detection of 14 respiratory viruses (rvs). we compared the performance of advansure with those of seeplex® rv 15 ace and culture by determining their sensitivities and specificities against a composite reference standard. four hundred thirty-seven respiratory samples were tested by modified shell vial culture method, rv 15 ace, and advansure. one hundred fourteen samples (26.2%) out of 437 samples were posit ... | 2014 | 24582583 |
| molecular viral epidemiology and clinical characterization of acute febrile respiratory infections in hospitalized children in taiwan. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization in children. to profile the viruses causing ari in children admitted to a community-based hospital in central taiwan, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children under 14 years of age that were hospitalized with febrile ari. viral etiology was determined using conventional cell culture and a commercial respiratory virus panel fast assay (xtag rvp), capable of detecting 19 different respiratory viruses and ... | 2015 | 26089293 |
| respiratory virus is a real pathogen in immunocompetent community-acquired pneumonia: comparing to influenza like illness and volunteer controls. | viral pathogens were more commonly reported than previously estimated in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients. however, the real role of virus was still controversial. | 2014 | 25178477 |
| circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 hajj pilgrimage. | the hajj is the oldest and largest annual mass gathering in the world and may increase the risk of spread of respiratory viruses. | 2013 | 23839997 |
| epidemiology of respiratory viral infection using multiplex rt-pcr in cheonan, korea (2006-2010). | multiplex rt-pcr was used to detect respiratory viruses in 5,318 clinical samples referred to the laboratory of a tertiary teaching hospital from december 2006 to november 2010. the acquired data were analyzed with respect to types, ratio, and co-infection trends of infected respiratory viruses. trends in respiratory viral infection according to sex, age, and period of infection were also analyzed. of the 5,318 submitted clinical samples, 3,350 (63.0%) specimens were positive for at least one re ... | 2013 | 23412071 |
| risk factors of prolonged hospital stay in children with viral severe acute respiratory infections. | severe acute lower respiratory infections (saris) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in young children, especially in developing countries. the present study focused on detection of risk factors for prolonged hospital stays among children with viral saris. | 2014 | 25313605 |
| evaluation of epidemiological and clinical features of influenza and other respiratory viruses. | in our study, we aimed to clinically and epidemiologically evaluate respiratory tract infections the viral agents of which were detected by molecular methods and to compare influenza and other respiratory tract viruses in this context. | 2015 | 26884691 |
| ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins and anxiety, depression and stress-induced cortisol response in adolescents. the trails study. | ghrelin, a hunger hormone, has been implicated in the regulation of stress-response, anxiety and depression. ghrelin-reactive immunoglobulins (ig) were recently identified in healthy and obese humans showing abilities to increase ghrelin's stability and orexigenic effects. here we studied if ghrelin-reactive ig are associated with anxiety and depression and with the stress-induced cortisol response in a general population of adolescents. furthermore, to test the possible infectious origin of ghr ... | 2015 | 25562566 |
| seroreactive marker for inflammatory bowel disease and associations with antibodies to dietary proteins in bipolar disorder. | immune sensitivity to wheat glutens and bovine milk caseins may affect a subset of individuals with bipolar disorder. digested byproducts of these foods are exorphins that have the potential to impact brain physiology through action at opioid receptors. inflammation in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract might accelerate exposure of food antigens to systemic circulation and help explain elevated gluten and casein antibody levels in individuals with bipolar disorder. | 2014 | 24313887 |
| [monitoring of viral pathogens in pediatric intensive care unit and analysis of clinical significance]. | to study the characteristics of viral spectrum and clinical features of children in pediatric intensive care unit (picu). | 2013 | 24131585 |
| [detection of respiratory viruses in influenza-like illness in shijiazhuang, china in 2011]. | this study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ili) in shijiazhuang, china, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ili who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in shijiazhuang between january and december 2011. all specimens were examined by multiplex rt-pcr for the following 15 respiratory tract viru ... | 2014 | 25272592 |
| evaluation of a novel real-time rt-pcr using toce technology compared with culture and seeplex rv15 for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses. | various kinds of commercial molecular systems have been developed for fast and more accurate detection of respiratory viruses. anyplex™ ii rv16 [rv16] was designed for simultaneous detection of 16 respiratory viruses using multiplex pcr coupled with toce™ technology. | 2013 | 23743345 |
| high incidence of multiple viral infections identified in upper respiratory tract infected children under three years of age in shanghai, china. | upper respiratory tract infection (urti) is a major reason for hospitalization in childhood. more than 80% of urtis are viral. etiological diagnosis of urtis is important to make correct clinical decisions on treatment methods. however, data for viral spectrum of urtis are very limited in shanghai children. | 2012 | 22970251 |
| [visual detection of human coronavirus nl63 by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification]. | a simple and sensitive assay for rapid detection of human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63) was developed by colorimetic reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). the method employed six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct regions of the hcov-nl63 nucleocapsid protein gene for amplification of target sequences under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees c for 1 h amplification of rt-lamp was monitored by addition of calcein before amplification. a pos ... | 2016 | 27295884 |
| respiratory virus detection in nasopharyngeal aspirate versus bronchoalveolar lavage is dependent on virus type in children with chronic respiratory symptoms. | the comparative yield of respiratory virus detection from nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) versus bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is uncertain. furthermore, the significance of virus detection and its relationship to lower airway neutrophilic inflammation is poorly studied. | 2013 | 24125830 |
| [virus detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 122 children with severe pneumonia]. | to investigate the prevalence of viral pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in hunan. | 2013 | 24044210 |
| [viral etiology of 1165 hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection]. | to explore the viral etiology of acute low respiratory tract infection (alrti) among hospitalized children in changsha of hunan province of china. | 2012 | 22289748 |
| acute liver failure: outcome and value of pediatric end-stage liver disease score in pediatric cases. | the aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of patients with acute liver failure (alf) in our center and evaluate the prognostic value of the pediatric end-stage liver disease (peld) score calculated at admission. | 2016 | 27749626 |
| genital ulcers: it is not always simplex …. | patients with vulval aphthae, also termed lipschütz ulcers, often present to genitourinary medicine clinics. typically, these ulcers present as acute, painful, vulval ulcers in young women and adolescents. the aetiology is unknown, and often these ulcers are accompanied by flu-like symptoms. previous case reports have linked such lesions to acute viral infections such as epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus and influenza a. we report the first case of influenza b virus and adenovirus infections a ... | 2015 | 24970475 |
| surveillance for respiratory infectious diseases caused by 6 common viruses in a recruit training site in the northern region of china. | recruit training sites are places with a high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. effective surveillance for acute respiratory infectious diseases in a recruit training site is an important way to prevent disease outbreaks. | 2017 | 28373908 |
| spirometry filters can be used to detect exhaled respiratory viruses. | respiratory viruses are very common in the community and contribute to the burden of illness for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including acute exacerbations. traditional sampling methods are invasive and problematic to repeat. accordingly, we explored whether respiratory viruses could be isolated from disposable spirometry filters and whether detection of viruses in this context represented presence in the upper or lower respiratory tract. discovery (n = 53) and validation (n = ... | 2016 | 27669334 |
| spatial and temporal spread of acute viral respiratory infections in young children living in high-altitude rural communities: a prospective household-based study. | few studies have described patterns of transmission of viral acute respiratory infections (ari) in children in developing countries. we examined the spatial and temporal spread of viral ari among young children in rural peruvian highland communities. previous studies have described intense social interactions in those communities, which could influence the transmission of viral infections. | 2016 | 27404599 |
| real-time pcr probe optimization using design of experiments approach. | primer and probe sequence designs are among the most critical input factors in real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay optimization. in this study, we present the use of statistical design of experiments (doe) approach as a general guideline for probe optimization and more specifically focus on design optimization of label-free hydrolysis probes that are designated as mediator probes (mps), which are used in reverse transcription mp pcr (rt-mp pcr). the effect of three input factors on a ... | 2016 | 27077046 |
| viral etiology of medically attended influenza-like illnesses in children less than five years old in suzhou, china, 2011-2014. | limited information is available on the non-influenza etiology and epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ili) in china. from april 2011 to march 2014, we collected oropharyngeal swabs from children less than 5 years of age with symptoms of ili who presented to the outpatient departments of suzhou university affiliated children's hospital (sch). we used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or pcr to detect 11 respiratory viruses. among 3,662 enrolled ili patients, 1,292 (35. ... | 2016 | 26792409 |
| prevalence of human metapneumovirus infection among patients with influenza-like illness: report from a tertiary care centre, southern india. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), discovered in the 21st century, has emerged as an important cause of influenza-like illness in children and adults causing mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and community-associated pneumonia. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hmpv in the union territory of puducherry, india, as part of national influenza surveillance programme. | 2016 | 26776115 |
| [clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia]. | to evaluate the clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2015 | 25877241 |
| influenza a(h3n2) outbreak at transit center at manas, kyrgyzstan, 2014. | in february 2014, the u.s. air force school of aerospace medicine epidemiology consult service provided support in response to a moderate outbreak of influenza at the transit center at manas (kyrgyzstan). a total of 215 individuals presented with influenza-like illness symptoms from 3 december 2013 through 28 february 2014. there were 85 specimens positive for influenza (18 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09, 65 influenza a(h3n2), one influenza a/not subtyped, and one influenza b); six specimens were positi ... | 2015 | 25643090 |
| comparison of three commercial rt-pcr systems for the detection of respiratory viruses. | due to the insensitivity of rapid tests for respiratory viruses, nucleic acid amplification tests are quickly becoming the standard of care. | 2014 | 25183359 |
| comparison of severe pneumonia caused by human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children. | the objective of this study is to compare the incidence and clinical characteristics of severe pneumonia caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2014 | 25118733 |
| etiology and clinical outcomes of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized adults. | etiologies and clinical profiles of acute respiratory viral infections need to be clarified to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies. | 2014 | 25024868 |
| respiratory virus infections among children in south china. | acute respiratory tract infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with a worldwide disease burden. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with viral-induced acute respiratory tract infection, in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from 1,980 pediatric patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infection, and 82 samples from healthy subject controls were collected for routine examination at the second affiliated hosp ... | 2014 | 24619492 |
| burden of respiratory tract infections among paediatric in and out-patient units during 2010-11. | respiratory tract infections due to viral etiology were studied with an objective to identify and compare the pathogens between hospital indoor and outdoor units. | 2013 | 23609364 |
| identification of respiratory viruses with a novel point-of-care multianalyte antigen detection test in children with acute respiratory tract infection. | rapid etiological diagnosis of a respiratory virus infection may have impact on antiviral and antibiotic therapy, patient cohorting, and prediction of the clinical course. most point-of-care tests for detection of respiratory viruses have limitations in diagnostic performance and clinical usability. a novel, multianalyte point-of-care antigen detection test system (maripoc(®); arcdia international oy ltd., turku, finland) detects eight respiratory viruses (influenza a and b viruses, respiratory ... | 2013 | 23490399 |
| fatal human metapneumovirus and influenza b virus coinfection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection can occur in all age groups with significant morbidity and mortality. coinfection with influenza virus occurs mainly with influenza type a and all reported cases recovered completely. we report the case of a 61-year-old man who had hematopoietic stem cell transplant for myelodysplastic syndrome. he was admitted to hospital for septic shock and neutropenia, and blood culture was positive for pseudomonas aeruginosa. he rapidly developed respiratory failure an ... | 2012 | 22823898 |
| impact of viral infections in children with community-acquired pneumonia: results of a study of 17 respiratory viruses. | little is known about the prevalence of viral infections in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2013 | 22329841 |
| an investigation into respiratory tract viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection or wheezing. | this study aimed to determine the frequencies of respiratory tract viruses in patient (acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) or wheezing) and control (history of asthma without symptoms) groups. | 2016 | 27854115 |
| association between human parainfluenza virus type 1 and smoking history in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. | several studies have suggested that infectious agents may induce the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms and/or accelerate their progression. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the respiratory-transmitted viruses such as influenza a and b and parainfluenza type 1 genomes in bioptic fragments of abdominal aortic aneurysms. furthermore, the association between viral infection and traditional risk factors for aneurysms was investigated employing multivariate logistic regres ... | 2013 | 23097301 |
| [detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5,150 children]. | to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti). | 2016 | 26781413 |
| viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections among egyptian children under five years of age. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) are responsible for a considerable number of deaths among children, particularly in developing countries. in egypt and the middle east region, there is a lack of data regarding the viral causes of lrti. in this study, we aimed to identify the relative prevalence of various respiratory viruses that contribute to lrtis in young children. although, nucleic acid-based methods have gained importance as a sensitive tool to determine the viral infections, their ... | 2012 | 23237512 |
| [viral etiology in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections plus platelet disorders in changsha, china: an analysis of 255 cases]. | to investigate the viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrti) plus platelet disorders. | 2014 | 24750840 |
| investigation of the role of major respiratory viruses in the aetiology of nasal polyps using polymerase chain reaction technique. | objective: we aimed to identify the role of major respiratory viruses in the aetiology of human nasal polyps using polymerase chain reaction technique. methods: thirty patients with nasal polyps and a group of 20 healthy patients (control group) were included in this study. mucosa was obtained from the polyps of patients with nasal polyposis and from the middle turbinate of the control group patients by means of biopsy. the samples were stored at -80 °c until molecular analysis by polymerase cha ... | 2014 | 24735988 |
| development of an alternative modified live influenza b virus vaccine. | influenza b virus (ibv) is considered a major human pathogen, responsible for seasonal epidemics of acute respiratory illness. two antigenically distinct ibv ha lineages co-circulate worldwide with little cross-reactivity between each other. live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (laiv) have been shown to provide improved cross-protective immune responses compared to inactivated vaccines by eliciting local mucosal immunity and systemic b cell and t cell-mediated memory responses. we have previ ... | 2017 | 28381580 |
| a broadly protective therapeutic antibody against influenza b virus with two mechanisms of action. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes annual influenza epidemics around the world. here we use an in vivo plasmablast enrichment technique to isolate a human monoclonal antibody, 46b8 that neutralizes all ibvs tested in vitro and protects mice against lethal challenge of all ibvs tested when administered 72 h post infection. 46b8 demonstrates a superior therapeutic benefit over tamiflu and has an additive antiviral effect in combination with tamiflu. 46b8 binds to a conserved epitope in the vestigial e ... | 2017 | 28102191 |
| long-term detection of seasonal influenza rna in faeces and intestine. | some cases of seasonal influenza virus (human influenza a virus (iav)/human influenza b virus (ibv)) are associated with abdominal symptoms. although virus rna has been detected in faeces, intestinal infection has not been clearly demonstrated. we aimed to provide evidence that iav/ibv infects the human intestine. this prospective observational study measured virus rna in faecal and sputum samples from 22 patients infected with iav/ibv (19 iav positive and three ibv positive). nineteen patients ... | 2016 | 27424942 |
| tmprss2 independency for haemagglutinin cleavage in vivo differentiates influenza b virus from influenza a virus. | influenza a and b viruses show clear differences in their host specificity and pandemic potential. recent studies have revealed that the host protease tmprss2 plays an essential role for proteolytic activation of h1, h3, and h7 subtype strains of influenza a virus (iav) in vivo. iav possessing a monobasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin (ha) protein replicates poorly in tmprss2 knockout mice owing to insufficient ha cleavage. in the present study, human isolates of influenza b virus (ibv) st ... | 2016 | 27389476 |
| replication-competent fluorescent-expressing influenza b virus. | influenza b viruses (ibvs) cause annual outbreaks of respiratory illness in humans and are increasingly recognized as a major cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. studying influenza viruses requires the use of secondary methodologies to identify virus-infected cells. to this end, replication-competent influenza a viruses (iavs) expressing easily traceable fluorescent proteins have been recently developed. in contrast, similar approaches for ibv are mostly lacking. in this repor ... | 2016 | 26590325 |
| domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ... | 2015 | 25673727 |
| palmitoylation is required for intracellular trafficking of influenza b virus nb protein and efficient influenza b virus growth in vitro. | all influenza viruses bud and egress from lipid rafts within the apical plasma membrane of infected epithelial cells. as a result, all components of progeny virions must be transported to these lipid rafts for assembly and budding. although the mechanism of transport for other influenza proteins has been elucidated, influenza b virus (ibv) glycoprotein nb subcellular localization and transport are not understood completely. to address the aforementioned properties of nb, a series of trafficking ... | 2014 | 24671751 |
| universal influenza b virus genomic amplification facilitates sequencing, diagnostics, and reverse genetics. | although human influenza b virus (ibv) is a significant human pathogen, its great genetic diversity has limited our ability to universally amplify the entire genome for subsequent sequencing or vaccine production. the generation of sequence data via next-generation approaches and the rapid cloning of viral genes are critical for basic research, diagnostics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines to combat ibv. to overcome the difficulty of amplifying the diverse and ever-changing ibv genome, we developed ... | 2014 | 24501036 |
| [evaluation of the efficiency of differential diagnosis of influenza by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction]. | the paper gives the results of a comparative analysis of the detection of influenza viruses in clinical samples, by using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and by virus isolation in mdck cell cultures. the investigation employed 267 nasopharyngeal swab specimens obtained from patients with influenza symptoms during two epidemic seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010). influenza viruses were found in 104 samples (48 with influenza a virus (iav) and 56 with influenza b virus (ibv)) ... | 2016 | 22624473 |
| genomic adaptation of the isa virus to salmo salar codon usage. | the isa virus (isav) is an orthomyxovirus whose genome encodes for at least 10 proteins. low protein identity and lack of genetic tools have hampered the study of the molecular mechanism behind its virulence. it has been shown that viral codon usage controls several processes such as translational efficiency, folding, tuning of protein expression, antigenicity and virulence. despite this, the possible role that adaptation to host codon usage plays in virulence and viral evolution has not been st ... | 2013 | 23829271 |
| diagnostic performance and clinical feasibility of a point-of-care test for respiratory viral infections in primary health care. | inappropriately high levels of antibiotics are still prescribed in primary health care for respiratory tract infections (rtis). access to diagnostic point-of-care tests (pocts) for rtis might reduce this over-prescription. | 2017 | 28369370 |
| chimeric hemagglutinin constructs induce broad protection against influenza b virus challenge in the mouse model. | seasonal influenza virus epidemics represent a significant public health burden. approximately 25% of all influenza virus infections are caused by type b viruses and these infections can be severe, especially in children. current influenza virus vaccines are an effective prophylaxis against infection but are impacted by rapid antigenic drift which can lead to mismatches between vaccine strains and circulating strains. here, we describe a broadly protective vaccine candidate based on chimeric hem ... | 2017 | 28356526 |
| aurantiamide acetate from baphicacanthus cusia root exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects via inhibition of the nf-κb signaling pathway in influenza a virus-infected cells. | baphicacanthus cusia root also names "nan ban lan gen" has been traditionally used to prevent and treat influenza a virus infections. here, we identified a peptide derivative, aurantiamide acetate (compound e17), as an active compound in extracts of b. cusia root. although studies have shown that aurantiamide acetate possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the effects and mechanism by which it functions as an anti-viral or as an anti-inflammatory during influenza virus infection ... | 2017 | 28119097 |
| evaluation of the point-of-care becton dickinson veritor™ rapid influenza diagnostic test in kenya, 2013-2014. | we evaluated the performance of the becton dickinson veritor™ system flu a + b rapid influenza diagnostic test (ridt) to detect influenza viruses in respiratory specimens from patients enrolled at five surveillance sites in kenya, a tropical country where influenza seasonality is variable. | 2017 | 28077093 |
| influenza b burden during seasonal influenza epidemics in france. | seasonal flu outbreaks are linked to the circulation of influenza virus type a or b. special attention has always been paid to influenza a epidemics; but recently, several studies have investigated the impact of influenza b virus epidemics, particularly as, since the 1980s, two antigenically different influenza b lineages co-circulate, raising the issue of vaccine matching. | 2017 | 28062245 |
| development of high-yield influenza b virus vaccine viruses. | the burden of human infections with influenza a and b viruses is substantial, and the impact of influenza b virus infections can exceed that of influenza a virus infections in some seasons. over the past few decades, viruses of two influenza b virus lineages (victoria and yamagata) have circulated in humans, and both lineages are now represented in influenza vaccines, as recommended by the world health organization. influenza b virus vaccines for humans have been available for more than half a c ... | 2016 | 27930325 |
| geolocalization of influenza outbreak within an acute care population: a layered-surveillance approach. | we seek to use a novel layered-surveillance approach to localize influenza clusters within an acute care population. the first layer of this system is a syndromic surveillance screen to guide rapid polymerase chain reaction testing. the second layer is geolocalization and cluster analysis of these patients. we posit that any identified clusters could represent at-risk populations who could serve as high-yield targets for preventive medical interventions. | 2016 | 27772674 |
| disruption of src homology 3-binding motif within non-structural protein 1 of influenza b virus unexpectedly enhances viral replication in human cells. | the influenza virus non-structural protein 1 (ns1) is a multifunctional virulence factor that plays a crucial role during infection by blocking the innate antiviral immune response of infected cells. in contrast to the well-studied ns1 protein of influenza a virus, knowledge about structure and functions of the influenza b virus homologue b/ns1, which shares less than 25 % sequence identity, is still limited. here, we report on a reverse genetic analysis to study the role of a highly conserved c ... | 2016 | 27654951 |
| analytical performance of the bd veritor™ system for rapid detection of influenza virus a and b in a primary healthcare setting. | infections with influenza a virus cannot be clinically differentiated from infections caused by influenza b virus or other respiratory viruses. additionally, although antiviral treatment is available for influenza a virus, it is not effective for the other viruses and must be initiated early in the course of disease for it to be effective. for these reasons, there is a need for a rapid, accurate diagnostic test for use in physicians' offices at the time patients are seen. we report the first fie ... | 2016 | 27612949 |
| identification of pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-amine compounds as a new class of entry inhibitors against influenza viruses in vitro. | various influenza virus entry inhibitors are being developed as therapeutic antiviral agents in ongoing preparation for emerging influenza viruses, particularly those that may possess drug resistance to the current fda-approved neuraminidase inhibitors. in this study, small molecules having the pyrrolopyridinamine (ppa), aminothiadiazole (atd), dihydrofuropyridine carboxamide (hpc), or imidazopyridinamine (ipa) moiety were selected from a target-focused chemical library for their inhibitory acti ... | 2016 | 27586275 |
| direct comparison of alere i and cobas liat influenza a and b tests for rapid detection of influenza virus infection. | we compared two rapid, point-of care nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of influenza a and b viruses (alere i [alere] and cobas liat [roche diagnostics]) with the influenza a and b virus test components of the filmarray respiratory panel (biofire diagnostics) using 129 respiratory specimens collected in universal viral transport medium (80 influenza a virus and 16 influenza b virus positive) from both adult and pediatric patients. the sensitivities of the alere test were 71.3% for in ... | 2016 | 27582513 |
| influenza b virus m2 protein can functionally replace its influenza a virus counterpart in promoting virus replication. | the m2 protein (am2 and bm2) of influenza a and b viruses function as a proton channel essential for viral replication. they also carry a cytoplasmic tail whose functions are not fully delineated. it is currently unknown whether these proteins could be replaced functionally in a viral context. here, we generated single-cycle influenza a viruses (sciav-δha) carrying various m2-2a-mcherry constructs in the segment 4 (ha) and evaluated their growth in complementing cells. intriguingly, the sciav-δh ... | 2016 | 27567258 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antiviral activity of methylglyoxal against influenza b virus infection. | influenza a and b virus infections are serious public health concerns globally. however, the concerns regarding influenza b infection have been underestimated. the currently used anti-influenza drugs have not provided equal efficacy for both influenza a and b viruses. susceptibility to neuraminidase (na) inhibitors has been observed to be lower for influenza b viruses than for influenza a viruses. moreover, the emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs underscores the need to develop new d ... | 2017 | 27558282 |
| epidemiological and virological characterization of influenza b virus infections. | while influenza a viruses comprise a heterogeneous group of clinically relevant influenza viruses, influenza b viruses form a more homogeneous cluster, divided mainly into two lineages: victoria and yamagata. this divergence has complicated seasonal influenza vaccine design, which traditionally contained two seasonal influenza a virus strains and one influenza b virus strain. we examined the distribution of the two influenza b virus lineages in israel, between 2011-2014, in hospitalized and in n ... | 2016 | 27533045 |
| recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes. | in previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin g, the antibodies 5e4 and 5a7 against influenza a and b virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, spymeg. in the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5e4 and 5a7 in chinese hamster ovary cells. our n-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5e4 and 5a7 have one n-glycan and the typical mammal ... | 2016 | 27464991 |
| multiplex assay for subtyping avian influenza a viruses by cdna hybridization and adapter-mediated amplification. | multiple subtypes of influenza a viruses circulating in animals must be closely monitored to understand their risk to humans and animal populations. many molecular-based subtyping methods require constant monitoring of viral genomes for primer and/or probe mismatches and are prone to primer-primer interactions. this report presents a new approach that involves target enrichment through cdna hybridization followed by adapter-mediated amplification for subtyping influenza virus (amasiv). as a proo ... | 2016 | 27372075 |
| solid-state nmr investigation of the conformation, proton conduction, and hydration of the influenza b virus m2 transmembrane proton channel. | together with the influenza a virus, influenza b virus causes seasonal flu epidemics. the m2 protein of influenza b (bm2) forms a tetrameric proton-conducting channel that is important for the virus lifecycle. bm2 shares little sequence homology with am2, except for a conserved hxxxw motif in the transmembrane (tm) domain. unlike am2, no antiviral drugs have been developed to block the bm2 channel. to elucidate the proton-conduction mechanism of bm2 and to facilitate the development of bm2 inhib ... | 2016 | 27286559 |
| robust lys63-linked ubiquitination of rig-i promotes cytokine eruption in early influenza b virus infection. | influenza a and b virus infections both cause a host innate immunity response. here, we report that the robust production of type i and iii interferons (ifns), ifn-stimulated genes, and proinflammatory factors can be induced by influenza b virus rather than influenza a virus infection in alveolar epithelial (a549) cells during early infection. this response is mainly dependent on the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-mediated signaling pathway. infection by influenza b virus promotes intens ... | 2016 | 27122586 |
| consecutive infections with influenza a and b virus in children during the 2014-2015 seasonal influenza epidemic. | in a retrospective analysis of the test results for 647 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza, we identified 13 children with influenza a virus infection who were subsequently infected with influenza b virus after a mean interval of 50 days. none of these children were considered immunodeficient or had an increased frequency of infections. our data provide novel information in showing that consecutive infection with influenza a and b viruses can occur during a regular influenza season in ... | 2016 | 27095422 |
| comparison of directigen flu a+b with real time pcr in the diagnosis of influenza. | early diagnosis and treatment of patients with influenza is the reason why physicians need rapid high-sensitivity influenza diagnostic tests that require no complex lab equipment and can be performed and interpreted within 15 min. the aim of this study was to compare the rapid directigen flu a+b test with real time pcr for detection of influenza viruses in the republic of macedonia. | 2016 | 26933779 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza b viruses in 2012 from slums, dhaka, bangladesh. | nasal and throat swab samples were collected from 400 subjects with influenza-like illness during june to september, 2012 from two heavily crowded slums, rayerbazar and hazaribagh, situated southeast of dhaka, bangladesh. forty-one samples were positive for influenza b virus using quantitative rt-pcr, but no influenza a virus was detected. antigenic characterization revealed that the influenza b viruses were of yamagata and victoria lineages, which was confirmed from genetic analysis of hemagglu ... | 2015 | 26867380 |
| divergent seasonal patterns of influenza types a and b across latitude gradient in tropical asia. | influenza circulation in tropics and subtropics reveals a complex seasonal pattern with year-round circulation in some areas and biannual peaks in others. | 2016 | 26781162 |
| evidence update: glaxosmithkline's inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines. | inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (iiv3s) are designed to protect against illness caused by two influenza a virus subtypes and one influenza b virus lineage. they may provide inadequate protection due to the co-circulation of viruses from two antigenically distinct influenza b lineages. incorporating strains from both b lineages as in inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines (iiv4s) reduces this risk. we summarize the evidence supporting two iiv4s manufactured by gsk vaccines. compared ... | 2016 | 26641539 |
| performance of a novel point-of-care molecular assay for detection of influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (enigma minilab) in children with acute respiratory infection. | the performance of the enigma minilab assay for influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. the positive and negative percent agreement for influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and rsv were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% ci], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% ci, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% ci, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% ci, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% ci, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% ci, 91.9 to 96.4%), respect ... | 2016 | 26560540 |
| the dynamic relationship between clinical symptomatology and viral shedding in naturally acquired seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections. | although the pattern of viral shedding over time has been documented in volunteer challenge studies, understanding of the relationship between clinical symptomatology and viral shedding in naturally acquired influenza infections in humans remains limited. | 2016 | 26518469 |
| performance of the alere i influenza a&b assay and maripoc test for the rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses. | timely detection of influenza viruses is required to facilitate infection control measures and appropriate patient management. the alere™ i influenza a&b assay for detection of viral rna and multianalyte maripoc(®) test for detection of viral antigens enable rapid detection of influenza viruses with little hands-on time. | 2015 | 26305824 |
| [recombinant human interferon alpha 2b broad-spectrum anti-respiratory viruses pharmacodynamics study in vitro]. | this study is to investigate the effect of recombinant human interferon alpha 2b against broad-spectrum respiratory viruses in vitro. at the cellular level, the effect of the recombinant human interferon alpha 2b on influenza a virus was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative rt-pcr. the effects of the recombinant human interferon alpha 2b on influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and coronavirus were detected using cytopathic effect (cpe) method. i ... | 2014 | 25757280 |
| results of a pilot study using self-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among pregnant women. | we evaluated the feasibility of asking pregnant women to self-collect and ship respiratory specimens. | 2015 | 25711978 |
| the crystal structure of the pb2 cap-binding domain of influenza b virus reveals a novel cap recognition mechanism. | the influenza rna-dependent rna polymerase is a core enzyme required for both transcription and replication of the virus rna genome, making it a potential drug target for the influenza virus. to detect the feature of cap-dependent transcription of influenza b virus (flub) polymerase, we determined the crystal structures of the wild-type flub polymerase pb2 subunit cap-binding domain (pb2cap) with bound gdp and the mutant flub q325f pb2cap with bound m(7)gdp or gdp. these structures revealed that ... | 2015 | 25691568 |
| the bm2 protein of influenza b virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. | the influenza virus integral membrane proteins bm2 (m2 of influenza b virus) and a/m2 (m2 of influenza a virus) functions as an ion channel, important for virus uncoating in endosomes of virus-infected cells and essential for viral replication. m2 ion channel activity is also required to stimulate nlrp3 inflammasome activation by perturbing ionic concentrations in the golgi. in the present study, we have investigated further the interaction between bm2 and p53 to confirm our previous studies usi ... | 2015 | 25670017 |
| plastic bronchitis associated with influenza virus infection in children: a report on 14 cases. | plastic bronchitis (pb) is a rare disease characterized by formation of bronchial casts. it is usually associated with congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, lymphoma, and lung diseases such as asthma and pneumonia. | 2015 | 25639552 |
| microarray multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of influenza a and influenza b viruses. | in this study, we present a microarray approach for the typing of influenza a and b viruses, and the subtyping of h1 and h3 subtypes. we designed four pairs of specific multiplex rt-pcr primers and eight specific oligonucleotide probes and prepared microarrays to identify the specific subtype of influenza virus. through amplification and fluorescent marking of the multiplex rt-pcr products on the m gene of influenza a and b viruses and the ha gene of subtypes h1 and h3, the pcr products were hyb ... | 2014 | 25320424 |
| comparison of the imdx influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and respiratory syncytial virus a/b assay on the m2000 platform with real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assays. | | 2014 | 25275003 |
| modes of transmission of influenza b virus in households. | while influenza a and b viruses can be transmitted via respiratory droplets, the importance of small droplet nuclei "aerosols" in transmission is controversial. | 2014 | 25268241 |
| evaluation of the alere i influenza a&b nucleic acid amplification test by use of respiratory specimens collected in viral transport medium. | the alere i influenza a&b assay is a newly developed rapid molecular assay which has the potential to generate results within 15 min from sample collection. in this study, we evaluated the alere i influenza a&b assay by using salvaged frozen respiratory specimens that were collected in viral transport medium from children ages 10 months to 19 years. alere i influenza a&b assay test results were compared with viral culture and proflu(+) real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay results. ... | 2014 | 25210070 |
| influenza vaccines to control influenza-associated bacterial infection: where do we stand? | influenza a virus is a pathogen that is feared for its capacity to cause pandemics. in this review, we illustrate the clinical evidence which support the theory that bacterial co-infection is a considerable risk factor for exacerbated disease during pandemic and seasonal influenza, including infection with influenza b viruses. we provide an overview of the multiple and diverse mechanisms that help explain how influenza creates an opportunity for replication of secondary bacterial infections. inf ... | 2015 | 25209381 |
| the n terminus of the influenza b virus nucleoprotein is essential for virus viability, nuclear localization, and optimal transcription and replication of the viral genome. | the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza viruses is a multifunctional protein with essential roles throughout viral replication. despite influenza a and b viruses belonging to separate genera of the orthomyxoviridae family, their np proteins share a relatively high level of sequence conservation. however, np of influenza b viruses (bnp) contains an evolutionarily conserved n-terminal 50-amino-acid extension that is absent from np of influenza a viruses. there is conflicting evidence as to the functio ... | 2014 | 25122787 |
| influenza a and b virus intertypic reassortment through compatible viral packaging signals. | influenza a and b viruses cocirculate in humans and together cause disease and seasonal epidemics. these two types of influenza viruses are evolutionarily divergent, and exchange of genetic segments inside coinfected cells occurs frequently within types but never between influenza a and b viruses. possible mechanisms inhibiting the intertypic reassortment of genetic segments could be due to incompatible protein functions of segment homologs, a lack of processing of heterotypic segments by influe ... | 2014 | 25008914 |
| a flow-through chromatography process for influenza a and b virus purification. | vaccination is still the most efficient measure to protect against influenza virus infections. besides the seasonal wave of influenza, pandemic outbreaks of bird or swine flu represent a high threat to human population. with the establishment of cell culture-based processes, there is a growing demand for robust, economic and efficient downstream processes for influenza virus purification. this study focused on the development of an economic flow-through chromatographic process avoiding virus str ... | 2014 | 24992667 |
| impact of preceding respiratory viral infections on the clinical severity of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. | this study aimed to investigate the impact of preceding respiratory viral infections (rvi) on the clinical severity of pneumococcal pneumonia patients. | 2014 | 24962523 |
| [influenza: a four-year evolution of the pandemic. prof. alejandro posadas national hospital, argentina]. | as from january to august 2013, epidemiological weeks 1-35 (ew), influenza incidence, case characteristics, types and subtypes of circulating influenza virus in the nacional profesor alejandro posadas hospital were studied, and were compared to incidences during 2009-2012. from late may to the end of august 2013 (ew18-35), an increase was observed in the proportion of patients' visits for respiratory disease, influenza-like illness and hospitalizations due to pneumonia; of 207 cases diagnosed wi ... | 2014 | 24918665 |
| structure of influenza virus n7: the last piece of the neuraminidase "jigsaw" puzzle. | there are nine subtypes of influenza a virus neuraminidase (na), n1 to n9. in addition, influenza b virus also contains na, and there are two influenza virus na-like molecules, n10 and n11, which were recently identified from bats. crystal structures for all of these proteins have been solved, with the exception of n7, and there is no published report of n6, although a structure has been deposited in the protein data bank. here, we present the n7 and n6 structures at 2.1 å and 1.8 å, respectivel ... | 2014 | 24899180 |
| screening of respiratory pathogens by respiratory multi well system (mws) r-gene™ assay in hospitalized patients. | novel respiratory viruses have been identified as possible agents of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. multiplex real-time pcrs have been developed to identify clinically relevant respiratory pathogens. in this study, 178 respiratory samples already screened for influenza virus types a and b by flu a/b asr real-time pcr kit were retrospectively analyzed with the respiratory multi well system (mws) r-gene™ real-time pcr kit which detects a wide spectrum of respiratory pathogens. the g ... | 2014 | 24858651 |