| Impact of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on damage, yield and quality of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a potential new oil-seed crop. | Lesquerella, Physaria fendleri (A. Gray) S. Watson, is a mustard native to the western United States and is currently being developed as a commercial source of valuable hydroxy fatty acids that can be used in a number of industrial applications, including biolubricants, biofuel additives, motor oils, resins, waxes, nylons, plastics, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, and coatings. The plant is cultivated as a winter-spring annual and in the desert southwest it harbors large populations of arthropo ... | 2011 | 22066187 |
| the relative effect of dietary energy density on repleted and resting muscle glycogen concentrations. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary energy density on the glycogen concentration of bovine gluteus medius (gm) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscles in castrated and intact males. cattle received diet c (90% whole corn and supplement: 10% alfalfa haylage) or diet ah (100% alfalfa haylage) in three experiments involving a 2×2 factorial cross-over design. cattle fed an ah diet for 70 days prior to the first experiment had high glycogen concentrations in the gm (1 ... | 2000 | 22060611 |
| Influence of alfalfa grazing-based feeding systems on carcass fat colour and meat quality of light lambs. | One hundred and twenty-seven lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (Gr); the same as Gr but lambs had access to concentrate (Gr + S); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (Rat-Gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (Ind). Lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg live weight and fat and M. rectus abdominis colour was measured instrumentally and subjectively. The evolution of the instrumental colour and texture of M. longi ... | 2012 | 21983425 |
| Expression of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ethylene response factor gene MsERF8 in tobacco plants enhances resistance to salinity. | Ethylene response factors (ERF) play crucial roles in plant development and response to stresses. Here, a novel cDNA fragment (MsERF8) encoding an ERF protein with an AP2 domain was isolated and characterized from alfalfa. The MsERF8 cDNA has an open reading frame of 603 bp and encodes a nuclear protein of 201 amino acids. Q-RT-PCR analysis revealed that MsERF8 was strongly enriched in roots and leaves compared with stems, flower buds and flowers of mature alfalfa plants. Bioinformatic analysis ... | 2011 | 22209951 |
| relationships between early experience to dietary diversity, acceptance of novel flavors, and open field behavior in sheep. | this study determined whether early experiences by sheep to monotonous or diverse diets influence: (1) plasmatic profiles of cortisol, a hormone involved in stress responses by mammals, before and after an acth challenge, (2) the readiness to eat new foods in a new environment, (3) general fearfulness and response to separation--as measured by the open field test (oft) and stress induced hyperthermia (sih)--and (4) the link between (2) and (3). thirty, 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 ... | 2012 | 21903122 |
| Status of tobacco viruses in Serbia and molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates. | In a four-year survey to determine the presence and distribution of viruses in tobacco crops at 17 localities of the Vojvodina Province and Central Serbia, 380 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA. Out of the seven viruses tested, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in 37.9, 33.4, 28.7, 23.9, and 15.5% of the total tested samples, respectively. TSWV was the most ... | 2011 | 22149499 |
| degradation of lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) by rumen fungi growing in methanogenic co-culture. | to compare the abilities of the monocentric rumen fungi neocallimastix frontalis, piromyces communis and caecomyces communis, growing in coculture with methanobrevibacter smithii, to colonize and degrade lignified secondary cell walls of lucerne (alfalfa) hay. | 2011 | 21848807 |
| beef lipids in relation to animal breed and nutrition in argentina. | fatty acid (fa) composition of intramuscular fat (imf) in m. longissimus dorsi (ld) was measured in 72 steers from angus (a), charolais×angus (cha×a) and holstein argentine (ha) breeds. the steers were allotted to four dietary treatments of six animals each: t1, steers grazed on pasture; t2, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (0.7% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; t3, steers supplemented with cracked corn grain (1% of live-weight) daily and free access to pasture; and t ... | 2008 | 22062910 |
| fatty acid composition of goat diets vs intramuscular fat. | twenty boer x spanish goats, at the age range of 90-118 days, were assigned to two dietary treatments, with 10 animals fed a grain ration (g) and the other 10 grazed in rangeland. the grain ration contained sorghum grain (67.5%), cottonseed hulls, dehydrated alfalfa meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, molasses, and mineral and vitamin supplements. animals were slaughtered at the age range of 206-234 days. intramuscular fat (if) and the diet specimens - representative samples of g and the parts ... | 2000 | 22060786 |
| Effects of forage level in feedlot finishing diets on carcass characteristics and palatability of Jersey beef. | Jersey cattle are known for producing carcasses with a greater amount of marbling, but they require more days on feed to achieve acceptable market weights as compared with other breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary forage level (12 vs. 24% sudangrass:alfalfa hay, DM-basis) in steam-flaked, corn-based finishing diets on carcass characteristics, beef palatability, and retail color stability of steaks from Jersey beef compared to conventionally-fed commodity bee ... | 2011 | 21965452 |
| overexpression of alfalfa mitochondrial hsp23 in prokaryotic and eukaryotic model systems confers enhanced tolerance to salinity and arsenic stress. | the cloning and characterization of a gene (mshsp23) coding for a heat shock protein in alfalfa in a prokaryotic and model plant system is described. mshsp23 contains a 633 bp orf encoding a polypeptide of 213 amino acids and exhibits greater sequence similarity to mitochondrial shsps from dicotyledons than to those from monocotyledons. when expressed in bacteria, recombinant mshsp23 conferred tolerance to salinity and arsenic stress. furthermore, mshsp23 was cloned in a plant expressing vector ... | 2012 | 22127759 |
| meat and fat colour as a tool to trace grass-feeding systems in light lamb production. | ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (gr); as gr but lambs had access to concentrate (gr+s); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (rat-gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (ind). lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of live-weight and fat and m. rectus abdominis colour measured. visual appraisal scores of gr and ind were significantly different. the absolute value of the integral of the translated spec ... | 2008 | 22063328 |
| starch source and content in postpartum dairy cow diets: effects on plasma metabolites and reproductive processes. | the objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary starch source and content in the immediate postpartum period on plasma metabolites and hormones and ovarian follicular development. one of 3 diets was fed in a randomized block design to 40 cows from calving until 70 d in milk. the diets contained 45% alfalfa silage (as), 45% barley silage (bs), or 41% barley silage and 4% supplemental starch (ss) on a dry matter basis. all diets contained 45% barley-based concentrate and 10% alfa ... | 2011 | 21854936 |
| how good is the turbid medium-based approach for accounting for light partitioning in contrasted grass--legume intercropping systems? | most studies dealing with light partitioning in intercropping systems have used statistical models based on the turbid medium approach, thus assuming homogeneous canopies. however, these models could not be directly validated although spatial heterogeneities could arise in such canopies. the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of the turbid medium approach to accurately estimate light partitioning within grass-legume mixed canopies. | 2011 | 21865218 |
| nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. | two experiments using 96 steers each were conducted to evaluate the impact of corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (wdgs) concentration on steer performance, n loss, and p mass balance. feeding wdgs as an energy source instead of protein may increase n release into the environment but also the amount of n removed in the manure. calves (bw = 294 ± 33 kg) were fed 167 d from november to may (winter) and yearlings (bw = 373 ± 24 kg) were fed 133 d from june to october (summer). treatments consi ... | 2011 | 21856891 |
| from model to crop: functional analysis of a stay-green gene in the model legume medicago truncatula and effective use of the gene for alfalfa improvement. | medicago truncatula has been developed into a model legume. its close relative alfalfa (medicago sativa) is the most widely grown forage legume crop in the united states. by screening a large population of m. truncatula mutants tagged with the transposable element of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (tnt1), we identified a mutant line (nf2089) that maintained green leaves and showed green anthers, central carpels, mature pods, and seeds during senescence. genetic and molecular analyses rev ... | 2011 | 21957014 |
| ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profiles, and productive performance of holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds. | a lactation trial was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing whole safflower seeds (ss) on ruminal fermentation, lactational performance, and milk fatty acid (fa) profiles. nine multiparous holstein cows (days in milk = 110 ± 20) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design. each period lasted 21 d, with 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. within square, cows were randomly assigned to a sequence of 3 dietary treatments as follows: cottonseed total mixed ration (tmr ... | 2011 | 21943764 |
| characterization of rhizobia from legumes of agronomic interest grown in semi-arid areas of central spain relates genetic differences to soil properties. | a study of symbiotic bacteria from traditional agricultural legumes from central spain was performed to create a collection of rhizobia from soils differing in physicochemical, analytical and/or agroecological properties which could be well-adapted to the environmental conditions of this region, and be used for sustainable agricultural practices. thirty-six isolates were obtained from root-nodules of fifteen legume species (including cicer arietinum, lathyrus sativus, lens culinaris, lupinus spp ... | 2011 | 21953333 |
| production of 7-o-methyl aromadendrin, a medicinally valuable flavonoid, in escherichia coli. | 7-o-methyl aromadendrin (7-oma) is an aglycone moiety of one of the important flavonoid-glycosides found in several plants such as populus alba and eucalyptus maculata with various medicinal applications. to produce such valuable natural flavonoids in large quantity, e. coli cell factory has been developed to employ various plant biosynthetic pathways. here, we report the generation of 7-oma from its precursor p-coumaric acid in e. coli for the first time. primarily, naringenin (nrn) (flavanone) ... | 2011 | 22101053 |
| meat quality of lambs produced in the mesopotamia region of argentina finished on different diets. | the meat quality of corriedale lambs (40kg live weight) produced in the mesopotamia region (argentina) was assessed. these lambs had different finishing diets: only native grass pasture, ground alfalfa and alfalfa-linseed pellet (70/30). carcass yield, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, marbling, ph, meat and subcutaneous fat color, cooking loss, warner-bratzler shear force, fat, protein and moisture content were determined. lambs finished on alfalfa-linseed pellet had the highest carcas ... | 2008 | 22062919 |
| a point mutation in the medicago sativa gsa gene provides a novel, efficient, selectable marker for plant genetic engineering. | bacterial selectable marker genes (smg) conferring antibiotic resistance are valuable tools in plant genetic engineering, but public concern and regulatory requirements have stimulated the development of alternative selection systems. we have previously demonstrated that a mutated synechococcus elongatus heml gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (gsa) is an efficient smg in alfalfa. in fact, gsa is irreversibly inhibited by gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), but the ... | 2011 | 21875626 |
| supplementing endophyte-infected tall fescue or reed canarygrass with alfalfa or birdsfoot trefoil increases forage intake and digestibility by sheep. | background: we hypothesized that alfalfa (alf) or birdsfoot trefoil (bft) eaten prior to a meal of endophyte-infected tall fescue (tf) or reed canarygrass (rcg) would provide benefits not possible when tf or rcg are eaten alone. in trial 1, four groups of five lambs were first offered alf for 30 min followed by either tf or rcg for 3.5 h in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of a completely randomized design that included grass (tf or rcg) with or without alf. trial 2 was similar to trial 1 except we ... | 2011 | 22002685 |
| estrogenic botanical supplements, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and hormone-related symptoms in breast cancer survivors: a heal study report. | it remains unclear whether estrogenic botanical supplement (ebs) use influences breast cancer survivors' health-related outcomes. | 2011 | 22067368 |
| meat quality of wether lambs grazed on either saltbush (atriplex nummularia) plus supplements or lucerne (medicago sativa). | the meat quality of 42, 8 month-old cross-bred wether lambs that had been grazed on either predominantly saltbush (atriplex nummularia) and supplemented with pasture hay (n=14) or oat grain (n=14) for 68 days was compared to lambs grazed predominantly on lucerne (medicago sativa; n=14). the lambs used in the study ranged in un-fasted liveweight from 44.5 to 63.6kg pre-slaughter. there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the treatments for liveweight, but there was a significant (p<0.0 ... | 1999 | 22061540 |
| changes of vitamins a, e, and c and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. | this study assessed the changes of plasma vitamin a, e, and c and the lipid peroxidation status of sheep during breeding and pregnancy under drought conditions. the study was conducted on 105 cross-bred fat tailed ewes, 3-5 years old with body condition scores (bcs) of 2.5 to 3.5. the ewes were grazing on medium-to-low quality forages during summer and low quality forages within the succeeding months and had ad libitum access to a mixture of alfalfa hay (40%) and wheat straw (60%) in the afterno ... | 2012 | 22083269 |
| fadd is required for utilization of endogenous fatty acids released from membrane lipids. | fadd is an acyl coenzyme a (coa) synthetase responsible for the activation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids (lcfa) into acyl-coas. mutation of fadd in the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti promotes swarming motility and leads to defects in nodulation of alfalfa plants. in this study, we found that s. meliloti fadd mutants accumulated a mixture of free fatty acids during the stationary phase of growth. the composition of the free fatty acid pool and the results obtaine ... | 2011 | 21926226 |
| reovirus genomes from plant-feeding insects represent a newly discovered lineage within the family reoviridae. | a complex set of double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) was isolated from threecornered alfalfa hopper (spissistilus festinus), a plant-feeding hemipteran pest. a subset of these dsrnas constitute the genome of a new reovirus, provisionally designated spissistilus festinus reovirus (spfrv). spfrv was present in threecornered alfalfa hopper populations in the san joaquin valley of california, with incidence ranging from 10% to 60% in 24 of 25 sample sets analyzed. the 10 dsrna segments of spfrv were compl ... | 2011 | 22142476 |
| relationship between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and feed efficiency in fat-tailed ghezel lambs. | this study was conducted to investigate relationships between mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, feed efficiency, and carcass traits in sheep. a group of ghezel male lambs sired by a single ram were randomly allotted to individual pens. the lambs were fed ad libitum with a fattening diet containing 30% roughage (corn silage and alfalfa hay) and 70% concentrate for 70 d to individually phenotype each lamb for fcr, adjusted fcr (afcr), and residual feed intake (rfi). the lambs wer ... | 2011 | 22147474 |
| carcass quality in male fallow deer (dama dama): effects of age and supplementary feeding. | thirty-two male fallow deer, half 18- and half 30-month-old, were slaughtered after a 4-month feeding trial on pasture alone or with daily supplement of 500 g (dry matter) concentrate/head (eight each 18- and 30-month-old). the concentrate was composed of 40% maize, 25% sugar beet pulp, 20% alfalfa, 13% soy flakes, 2% minerals and vitamins. supplemented deer were heavier (49.9 vs 45.0 kg) and their carcasses produced higher dressing proportions (61.5 vs 57.2%) and bigger amounts of first quality ... | 2002 | 22063647 |
| Molecular breeding of transgenic white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with field resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus through the expression of its coat protein gene. | Viral diseases, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field. Transgenic white clover plants ectopically expressing the viral coat protein gene encoded by the sub-genomic RNA4 of AMV were generated. Lines carrying a single copy of the transgene were analysed at the molecular, biochemical and phenotypic level under glasshouse and field conditions. Field resistance to AMV infection, as well as mi ... | 2011 | 21947755 |
| [effect of spiders (arachnida: araneae) as predators of insect pest in alfalfa crops (medicago sativa) (fabaceae) in argentina]. | spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. trials were conducted to measure the selectivity against different insect preys, the daily consumption, effect of predators alone and together with a known number of preys, and the indirect effect of predators on vegetation. for this, experimental units (1 x 1m) were used covered with a fine plastic mesh. misumenops pallidus, oxyopes salticus and araneus sp. were used as generalist predators, and aphids, weevils, locust ... | 2011 | 22208081 |
| [effects of copper stress on medicago sativa seedlings leaf antioxidative system]. | this paper studied the effects of different concentration (0, 10, 30, 50, and 100 micromol x l(-1)) cuso4 on the leaf physiological and biochemical characteristics of medicago sativa seedlings cultured with 1/4-strength hoagland nutrient solution. in treatments 30, 50, and 100 micromol x l(-1) of cuso4, the leaf h2o2, oh., and mda contents and fe-sod and est activities increased, and gsh and asa contents increased significantly. with increasing concentration cu, the pod, gr, and apx activities i ... | 2011 | 22126037 |
| Animal performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils. | The effect of supplementing a basal diet with 1 of 3 plant oils on productive efficiency and milk fatty acid composition was studied in dairy goats. Sixteen Malagueña goats were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment with 21-d periods and 4 goats per treatment. The basal diet comprised 30% alfalfa hay and 70% pelleted concentrate. Experimental treatments were control (basal diet without added oil) and the basal diet supplemented with 48g/d of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO), regular sunflower oi ... | 2011 | 22032358 |
| free ferulic acid uptake in ram lambs. | the objective of this research was to investigate the fate of free ferulic acid (fa) in sheep. ferulic acid is normally present in plants, bound to the indigestible cell wall. if the fa present in a ruminant diet is released from the cell wall with feed pretreatment methods, fa may be released into the rumen for digestion and/or absorption into the bloodstream. eight male dorset x finn lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment (trt) concentrations, 0 (control), 3, 6 or 9 g/d free fa as pa ... | 2011 | 22205674 |
| adaptation of rhizobium leguminosarum to pea, alfalfa and sugar beet rhizospheres investigated by comparative transcriptomics. | abstract: background: the rhizosphere is the microbe-rich zone around plant roots and is a key determinant of the biosphere's productivity. comparative transcriptomics was used to investigate general and plant-specific adaptations during rhizosphere colonization. rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae was grown in the rhizospheres of pea (its legume nodulation host), alfalfa (a non-host legume) and sugar beet (non-legume). gene expression data were compared to metabolic and transportome maps to ... | 2011 | 22018401 |
| in situ assessment of phytotechnologies for multicontaminated soil management. | due to human activities, large volumes of soils are contaminated with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and very often by metallic pollutants as well. multipolluted soils are therefore a key concern for remediation. this work presents a long-term evaluation of the fate and environmental impact of the organic and metallic contaminants of an industrially polluted soil under natural and plant-assisted conditions. a field trial was followed for four years according to six ... | 2011 | 22046763 |
| meat quality of mixed sex lambs grazing pasture and supplemented with, roughage, oats or oats and sunflower meal. | the meat quality of 8-9-month-old cryptorchid, wether and ewe lambs (poll dorset×border leicester×merino) was assessed. these lambs were grazed over summer and autumn from weaning (november) on lucerne (medicago sativa) or ryegrass/clover (lolium rigidum/trifolium subterranean) pasture at two locations (a or b). after 72 days lambs grazed on lucerne were supplemented with either ad lib clover hay or clover silage. those grazed on the ryegrass/clover pasture were supplemented from weaning with ei ... | 2001 | 22062782 |
| variation in residual feed intake in holstein-friesian dairy heifers in southern australia. | feed conversion efficiency of dairy cattle is an important component of the profitability of dairying, given that the cost of feed accounts for much of total farm expenses. residual feed intake (rfi) is a useful measure of feed conversion efficiency, as it can be used to compare individuals with the same or differing levels of production during the period of measurement. if genetic variation exists in rfi among dairy cattle, selection for lower rfi could improve profitability. in this experiment ... | 2011 | 21854946 |
| in situ identification of carboxymethyl cellulose-digesting bacteria in the rumen of cattle fed alfalfa or triticale. | a method was developed and used to arrest and stain reducing sugars (glucose) produced by bacteria with cell-surface-associated carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) and endoglucanase activities (cmc bacteria) in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa or triticale. precipitation of silver oxide on the surface of individual cells was observed using cellulolytic bacterial pure cultures with known cmcase activity and rumen mixed cultures. the cmc bacteria in the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen digesta we ... | 2012 | 22224860 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of five tropical native australian plants against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats (capra hircus). | the study of the anthelmintic properties of plants rich in plant secondary metabolites can provide ecologically sound methods for the treatment of parasites on grazing animals. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of five tropical native australian plant species rich in plant secondary metabolites on adult haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats. thirty young, nematode-free goats were infected with 2500 h. conto ... | 2012 | 22265804 |
| efficacy of a post enrichment acid treatment for isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 from alfalfa sprouts. | the enrichment, detection and isolation procedure in the current us fda bam have been shown effective for escherichia coli o157:h7 in a wide variety of foods. recently reported modifications to the enrichment protocol, including post-enrichment immunomagnetic separation (ims) procedures have improved sensitivity of the method for alfalfa sprouts. however, cultural isolation on selective agar plates still presents a challenge in this food matrix. the focus of this study was to reduce levels of co ... | 2012 | 22265287 |
| effects of a combination of hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) and an organic acid mixture on ruminal fermentation in heifers fed a high-grain diet. | this study evaluated the effects of hinokitiol (a natural antibacterial compound extracted from thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) and an organic acid mixture (citrate content 50%) on ruminal fermentation. antibacterial properties were examined by measuring minimal inhibitory concentration. hinokitiol at 1.56 µg/ml or an organic acid mixture at 1600 µg/ml inhibited streptococcus bovis growth. the combination of 0.78 µg/ml hinokitiol and 200 µg/ml of an organic acid mixture also inhibited s. bovis ... | 2012 | 22250737 |
| [effects of plant hedgerow on population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies]. | this paper studied the effects of planting different kinds of plant hedgerow (amorpha fruticosa, vetiveria zizanioides, eulaliopsis binata, and medicago sativa) on the population dynamics of wheat aphid and its natural enemies in the hillside wheat fields in ziyang city of sichuan province, southwest china. on the 20 degrees hillside, a. fruticosa hedgerow inhibited the occurrence of wheat aphid in the wheat field significantly, and the parasitoid densities were equal to or significantly lower t ... | 2011 | 22384596 |
| determination of methanol concentrations in traditional herbal waters of different brands in iran. | herbal waters are extensively used in most parts of including . visiting a patient with total blindness due to daily ingestion of around 200 ml of herbal water (plant forty water) per day for six months was the rational for methanol determination in all herbal waters available in markets. | 2011 | 23493100 |
| crumple: a method for complete enumeration of all possible pseudoknot-free rna secondary structures. | the diverse landscape of rna conformational space includes many canyons and crevices that are distant from the lowest minimum free energy valley and remain unexplored by traditional rna structure prediction methods. a complete description of the entire rna folding landscape can facilitate identification of biologically important conformations. the crumple algorithm rapidly enumerates all possible non-pseudoknotted structures for an rna sequence without consideration of thermodynamics while filte ... | 2012 | 23300665 |
| efficacy of a bvdv subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is considered an important cause of economic loss within bovine herds worldwide. in argentina, only the use of inactivated vaccines is allowed, however, the efficacy of inactivated bvdv vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. the use of recombinant subunit vaccines has been proposed as an alternative to overcome this difficulty. different studies on protection against bvdv infection have focused the e2 protein, supporting its putative use in subunit ... | 2012 | 23291101 |
| effects of alfalfa meal on carcase quality and fat metabolism of muscovy ducks. | 1. the effects of alfalfa meal on carcase quality and fat metabolism of muscovy duck were evaluated. the objective of this research was to establish whether alfalfa meal can reduce fat content and improve carcase quality of muscovy duck. animal products with a high fat content present a risk factor for many diseases. reducing fat content in poultry products is an important goal for the poultry industry. 2. a total of 240 14-d-old white muscovy ducks were selected and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 ... | 2012 | 23281764 |
| isolation of pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans from rumen of creole goats fed native forage diet. | we isolated and identified functional groups of bacteria in the rumen of creole goats involved in ruminal fermentation of native forage shrubs. the functional bacterial groups were evaluated by comparing the total viable, total anaerobic, cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic bacterial counts in the samples taken from fistulated goats fed native forage diet (atriplex lampa and prosopis flexuosa). alfalfa hay and corn were used as control diet. the roll tubes method increased the possibi ... | 2012 | 23275250 |
| [molecular identification of astragali radix and its adulterants by its sequences]. | to explore a new method for identification astragali radix from its adulterants by using its sequence. | 2012 | 23627177 |
| relationship of resistance to meloidogyne chitwoodi (race 2) and m. hapla in alfalfa. | in the pacific northwest, alfalfa (medicago sativa) is host to two species of root-knot nematodes, including race 2 of the columbia root-knot nematode (meloidogyne chitwoodi) and the northern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne hapla). in addition to the damage caused to alfalfa itself by m. hapla, alfalfa's host status to both species leaves large numbers of nematodes available to damage rotation crops, of which potato is the most important. a nematode-resistant alfalfa germplasm release, w12sr2w1, ... | 2012 | 23483826 |
| soil nematode responses to crop management and conversion to native grasses. | soil nematode community response to treatments of three, four-year crop rotations (spring wheat-pea-spring wheat-flax, spring wheat-green manure-spring wheat-flax, and spring wheat-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under conventional and organic management, and native tall grass restoration (restored prairie) were assessed in june 2003, and july and august 2004. the research site was the glenlea long-term rotation and crop management study, in the red river valley, manitoba, established in 1992. the nematod ... | 2012 | 23481374 |
| [decomposition of different plant litters in loess plateau of northwest china]. | taking the litters of species hippophae rhamnoides, medicago sativa, populus simonii, robinia pseudoacaci, salix psammophila, and stipa bungeana in the loess plateau of northeast china as test objects, and by using mesh bags, this paper studied the dynamic changes of the litters mass, carbon, and nitrogen during decomposition after buried in the field in semiarid region. the litters buried were from one, two, or three of the plant species, and mixed thoroughly with equal proportion of masses. du ... | 2012 | 23479871 |
| [characters of soil organic matter functional groups in the fields planted with alfalfa (medicago sativa) for different years in hilly regions of south ningxia, northwest china]. | soil samples were collected from the fields planted with alfalfa for different years in the hilly region of southern ningxia, and the technique of synchrotron radiation-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (sr-ftir) was adopted to study the characters of soil organic carbon (soc) functional groups in different sizes of soil aggregates. planting alfalfa changed the contents of soc functional groups and their distribution in soil aggregates. with the increasing year of planting alfalfa, the soc ... | 2012 | 23479865 |
| samsung salmonella detection kit. aoac performance tested method(sm) 021203. | salmonella, one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, is a significant public health concern worldwide. there is a need in the food industry for methods that are simple, rapid, and sensitive for the detection of foodborne pathogens. in this study, the samsung salmonella detection kit, a real-time pcr assay for the detection of salmonella, was evaluated according to the current aoac guidelines. the validation consisted of lot-to-lot consistency, stability, robustness, and inclusivity/ex ... | 2012 | 23451382 |
| determination of the quaternary structure of alpha-d-mannosidase from medicago sativa l. [proceedings]. | | 1999 | 93904 |
| large colon resection. | with large colon resection and anastomosis, up to 95 per cent of the length of the large colon has been successfully removed. a hand-sewn end-to-end anastomosis is effective for lesions in the left dorsal colon and pelvic flexure. transection and a side-to-side anastomosis with stapling equipment is most effective for extensive resections (greater than 50 per cent). horses with extensive colon resection (95 per cent) have permanent deficiencies of water absorption and digestion of cellulose and ... | 2009 | 2670114 |
| purification and properties of beta-mannanases i and ii from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens. mode of galactomannan degradation in vitro. | two beta-mannanases (beta-mannosidases, ec 3.2.1.25) purified from the germinated seeds of trifolium repens by a procedure that included chromatography on hydroxyapatite, gel filtration on acrylamide/agarose (ultragel 5/4) and preparative polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. the final purification step completely resolved two beta-mannanases with distinct specificities, which were termed beta-mannanase i and beta-mannanase ii. beta-mannanase i was purified 1400-fold and beta-mannanase ii 1000-fol ... | 1997 | 33664 |
| feed preferences of ponies. | preference trials were conducted with mature ponies. in trial 1, oats were compared with oats plus sucrose. four of six pony geldings selected oats plus sucrose, but one pony demonstrated a dislike for sucrose and one selected from the bucket on the right side regardless of content. oats, maize, barley, rye and wheat were compared in trial 2 using six mature pony mares. oats were the preferred grain, with maize and barley ranking second and third respectively. wheat and rye were the least prefer ... | 2014 | 3979369 |
| purification and characterization of two leaf polypeptide inhibitors of leaf protease from alfalfa (medicago sativa). | two polypeptides with antiproteolytic activities have been isolated from alfalfa leaves. polypeptide i resembles the previously described plant protease inhibitors in both structural and functional features; it has a molecular weight of 15,000, a random coil secondary structure, and inhibits exogenous protease as well as alfalfa leaf protease. polypeptide ii is a novel type of plant inhibitor with a molecular weight of 6300 and a highly organized structure with a high (40-50%) alpha-helix conten ... | 2014 | 3985617 |
| lipid changes in roots of frost hardy and less hardy alfalfa varieties under hardening conditions. | | 2015 | 4452266 |
| influence of parental genotype on plastid inheritance in medicago sativa. | research using chlorophyll-deficient mutants has shown that plastids are inherited biparentally in medicago sativa l. (alfalfa). variation in plastid transmission behavior was observed among crosses in earlier studies, but it was not determined whether this variation was under genetic control. in my research, genetic analyses of the frequencies of normal (g), chlorophyll-deficient (cd), and sectored (g and cd) progenies produced from g x cd crosses demonstrated that plastid inheritance patterns ... | 2002 | 2732452 |
| baculovirus replication in a mosquito (dipteran) cell line. | the baculovirus from the lepidopteran host autographa californica (alfalfa looper) was shown to replicate in a dipteran cell line without the production of characteristic polyhedral inclusion bodies. the low level of replication could not be detected by 50% tissue culture infective dose titrations, but was apparent by [3h]thymidine labeling of the viral genome. immunoprecipitation of the radioactive product confirmed baculovirus production. | 1986 | 500203 |
| use of electrophoretic techniques in determining the composition of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. | holoprotein molecular weights and polypeptide composition can be determined for complex mixtures of oligomeric proteins using two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques. the variety of two-dimensional analyses presented here is a reflection of the general usefulness of each method for the identification and characterization of the different classes of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. these techniques can be applied to studies of storage proteins in other seeds as well as non-seed storage protei ... | 1998 | 3250878 |
| temperature limits of alfalfa weevil oviposition and egg density in illinois. | | 2016 | 4857576 |
| molecular cloning and expression profiling of a chalcone synthase gene from hairy root cultures of scutellaria viscidula bunge. | a cdna encoding chalcone synthase (chs), the key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, was isolated from hairy root cultures of scutellaria viscidula bunge by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of s. viscidula chs, designated as svchs (genbank accession no. eu386767), was 1649 bp with a 1170 bp open reading frame (orf) that corresponded to a deduced protein of 390 amino acid residues, a calculated molecular mass of 42.56 kda and a theoretical isoelectric point (pi) of 5.79 ... | 2010 | 21637484 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti ntrx gene is involved in succinoglycan production, motility, and symbiotic nodulation on alfalfa. | rhizobia establish a symbiotic relationship with their host legumes to induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. this process is regulated by many rhizobium regulators, including some two-component regulatory systems (tcss). ntry/ntrx, a tcs that was first identified in azorhizobium caulinodans, is required for free-living nitrogen metabolism and symbiotic nodulation on sesbania rostrata. however, its functions in a typical rhizobium such as sinorhizobium meliloti remain unclear. here we ... | 2013 | 24038694 |
| engineering pseudomonas protegens pf-5 for nitrogen fixation and its application to improve plant growth under nitrogen-deficient conditions. | nitrogen is the second most critical factor for crop production after water. in this study, the beneficial rhizobacterium pseudomonas protegens pf-5 was genetically modified to fix nitrogen using the genes encoding the nitrogenase of pseudomonas stutzeri a1501 via the x940 cosmid. pf-5 x940 was able to grow in l medium without nitrogen, displayed high nitrogenase activity and released significant quantities of ammonium to the medium. pf-5 x940 also showed constitutive expression and enzymatic ac ... | 2013 | 23675499 |
| effect of combined microbes on plant tolerance to zn-pb contaminations. | the presence and composition of soil microbial communities has been shown to have a large impact on plant-plant interactions and consequently plant diversity and composition. the goal of the present study was to evaluate impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which constitutes an essential link between the soil and the plant's roots. a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using selected microbes to improve hieracium pilosella ... | 2015 | 26250813 |
| l-hydroxyproline and d-proline catabolism in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti forms n2-fixing root nodules on alfalfa, and as a free-living bacterium, it can grow on a very broad range of substrates, including l-proline and several related compounds, such as proline betaine, trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (trans-4-l-hyp), and cis-4-hydroxy-d-proline (cis-4-d-hyp). fourteen hyp genes are induced upon growth of s. meliloti on trans-4-l-hyp, and of those, hypmnpq encodes an abc-type trans-4-l-hyp transporter and hypre encodes an epimerase that converts tran ... | 2016 | 26833407 |
| site-specific ser/thr/tyr phosphoproteome of sinorhizobium meliloti at stationary phase. | sinorhizobium meliloti, a facultative microsymbiont of alfalfa, should fine-tune its cellular processes to live saprophytically in soils characterized with limited nutrients and diverse stresses. in this study, tio2 enrichment and lc-ms/ms were used to uncover the site-specific ser/thr/tyr phosphoproteome of s. meliloti in minimum medium at stationary phase. there are a total of 96 unique phosphorylated sites, with a ser/thr/tyr distribution of 63:28:5, in 77 proteins. phosphoproteins identified ... | 2015 | 26401955 |
| contributions of sinorhizobium meliloti transcriptional regulator dksa to bacterial growth and efficient symbiosis with medicago sativa. | the stringent response, mediated by the (p)ppgpp synthetase rela and the rna polymerase-binding protein dksa, is triggered by limiting nutrient conditions. for some bacteria, it is involved in regulation of virulence. we investigated the role of two dksa-like proteins from the gram-negative nitrogen-fixing symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti in free-living culture and in interaction with its host plant medicago sativa the two paralogs, encoded by the genes smc00469 and smc00049, differ in the consti ... | 2016 | 26883825 |
| crystal structures of alfalfa caffeoyl coenzyme a 3-o-methyltransferase. | caffeoyl coenzyme a 3-o-methyltransferases (ccoaomts) are s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methyltransferases (omts) involved in lignin biosynthesis. plant ccoaomts belong to a distinct family of omts, more closely related to the mammalian catechol omts than to other plant omts. the crystal structure of alfalfa (medicago sativa) ccoaomt in complex with the reaction products s-adenosine-l-homocysteine and feruloyl/sinapoyl coas presented here belong to a structurally and mechanistically distin ... | 2005 | 15734921 |
| nad(p)+-malic enzyme mutants of sinorhizobium sp. strain ngr234, but not azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, maintain symbiotic n2 fixation capabilities. | c(4)-dicarboxylic acids appear to be metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle in n(2)-fixing bacteria (bacteroids) within legume nodules. in sinorhizobium meliloti bacteroids from alfalfa, nad(+)-malic enzyme (dme) is required for n(2) fixation, and this activity is thought to be required for the anaplerotic synthesis of pyruvate. in contrast, in the pea symbiont rhizobium leguminosarum, pyruvate synthesis occurs via either dme or a pathway catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinas ... | 2012 | 22307295 |
| modulation of legume defense signaling pathways by native and non-native pea aphid clones. | the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant vicia faba. despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. all aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. thus plants might react differently to the various pea ... | 2016 | 28018405 |
| independent activity of the homologous small regulatory rnas abcr1 and abcr2 in the legume symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti. | the legume symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti expresses a plethora of small noncoding rnas (srnas) whose function is mostly unknown. here, we have functionally characterized two tandemly encoded s. meliloti rm1021 srnas that are similar in sequence and structure. homologous srnas (designated abcr1 and abcr2) have been shown to regulate several abc transporters in the related α-proteobacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens and brucella abortus. in rm1021, abcr1 and abcr2 exhibit divergent unlinked regula ... | 2013 | 23869210 |
| partial complementation of sinorhizobium meliloti baca mutant phenotypes by the mycobacterium tuberculosis baca protein. | the sinorhizobium meliloti baca abc transporter protein plays an important role in its nodulating symbiosis with the legume alfalfa (medicago sativa). the mycobacterium tuberculosis baca homolog was found to be important for the maintenance of chronic murine infections, yet its in vivo function is unknown. in the legume plant as well as in the mammalian host, bacteria encounter host antimicrobial peptides (amps). we found that the m. tuberculosis baca protein was able to partially complement the ... | 2013 | 23161027 |
| the trnaarg gene and enga are essential genes on the 1.7-mb psymb megaplasmid of sinorhizobium meliloti and were translocated together from the chromosome in an ancestral strain. | bacterial genomes with two (or more) chromosome-like replicons are known, and these appear to be particularly frequent in alphaproteobacteria. the genome of the n(2)-fixing alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 contains a 3.7-mb chromosome and 1.4-mb (psyma) and 1.7-mb (psymb) megaplasmids. in this study, the trna(arg) and enga genes, located on the psymb megaplasmid, are shown to be essential for growth. these genes could be deleted from psymb when copies were previously integrated into ... | 2013 | 23123907 |
| a positive correlation between bacterial autoaggregation and biofilm formation in native sinorhizobium meliloti isolates from argentina. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium that elicits nodule formation on roots of alfalfa plants. s. meliloti produces two exopolysaccharides (epss), termed eps i and eps ii, that are both able to promote symbiosis. eps i and eps ii are secreted in two major fractions that reflect differing degrees of subunit polymerization, designated high- and low-molecular-weight fractions. we reported previously that epss are crucial for autoaggregation and biofilm formation in s. mel ... | 2012 | 22492433 |
| anoxic growth of ensifer meliloti 1021 by n2o-reduction, a potential mitigation strategy. | denitrification in agricultural soils is a major source of n2o. legume crops enhance n2o emission by providing n-rich residues, thereby stimulating denitrification, both by free-living denitrifying bacteria and by the symbiont (rhizobium) within the nodules. however, there are limited data concerning n2o production and consumption by endosymbiotic bacteria associated with legume crops. it has been reported that the alfalfa endosymbiont ensifer meliloti strain 1021, despite possessing and express ... | 2015 | 26074913 |
| selenium hyperaccumulators harbor a diverse endophytic bacterial community characterized by high selenium resistance and plant growth promoting properties. | selenium (se)-rich plants may be used to provide dietary se to humans and livestock, and also to clean up se-polluted soils or waters. this study focused on endophytic bacteria of plants that hyperaccumulate selenium (se) to 0.5-1% of dry weight. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis was used to compare the diversity of endophytic bacteria of hyperaccumulators stanleya pinnata (brassicaceae) and astragalus bisulcatus (fabaceae) with those from related non-accumulato ... | 2015 | 25784919 |
| in silicio expression analysis of pks genes isolated from cannabis sativa l. | cannabinoids, flavonoids, and stilbenoids have been identified in the annual dioecious plant cannabis sativa l. of these, the cannabinoids are the best known group of this plant's natural products. polyketide synthases (pkss) are responsible for the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and stilbenoids. biosynthetically, the cannabinoids are polyketide substituted with terpenoid moiety. using an rt-pcr homology search, pks cdnas were isolated from cannabis plants. t ... | 2010 | 21637580 |
| requirement of siderophore biosynthesis for plant colonization by salmonella enterica. | contaminated fresh produce has become the number one vector of nontyphoidal salmonellosis to humans. however, salmonella enterica genes essential for the life cycle of the organism outside the mammalian host are for the most part unknown. screening deletion mutants led to the discovery that an aroa mutant had a significant root colonization defect due to a failure to replicate. aroa is part of the chorismic acid biosynthesis pathway, a central metabolic node involved in aromatic amino acid and s ... | 2012 | 22522683 |
| biofilm formation by enteric pathogens and its role in plant colonization and persistence. | the significant increase in foodborne outbreaks caused by contaminated fresh produce, such as alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, melons, tomatoes and spinach, during the last 30 years stimulated investigation of the mechanisms of persistence of human pathogens on plants. emerging evidence suggests that salmonella enterica and escherichia coli, which cause the vast majority of fresh produce outbreaks, are able to adhere to and to form biofilms on plants leading to persistence and resistance to disinfectio ... | 2014 | 25351039 |
| examination of prokaryotic multipartite genome evolution through experimental genome reduction. | many bacteria carry two or more chromosome-like replicons. this occurs in pathogens such as vibrio cholerea and brucella abortis as well as in many n2-fixing plant symbionts including all isolates of the alfalfa root-nodule bacteria sinorhizobium meliloti. understanding the evolution and role of this multipartite genome organization will provide significant insight into these important organisms; yet this knowledge remains incomplete, in part, because technical challenges of large-scale genome m ... | 2014 | 25340565 |
| alfalfa snakin-1 prevents fungal colonization and probably coevolved with rhizobia. | the production of antimicrobial peptides is a common defense strategy of living cells against a wide range of pathogens. plant snakin peptides inhibit bacterial and fungal growth at extremely low concentrations. however, little is known of their molecular and ecological characteristics, including origin, evolutionary equivalence, specific functions and activity against beneficial microbes. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize snakin-1 from alfalfa (mssn1). | 2014 | 25227589 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti chemoreceptor mcpu mediates chemotaxis toward host plant exudates through direct proline sensing. | bacterial chemotaxis is an important attribute that aids in establishing symbiosis between rhizobia and their legume hosts. plant roots and seeds exude a spectrum of molecules into the soil to attract their bacterial symbionts. the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti possesses eight chemoreceptors to sense its environment and mediate chemotaxis toward its host. the methyl accepting chemotaxis protein mcpu is one of the more abundant s. meliloti chemoreceptors and an important sensor for the ... | 2014 | 24657863 |
| de novo amino acid biosynthesis contributes to salmonella enterica growth in alfalfa seedling exudates. | salmonella enterica is a member of the plant microbiome. growth of s. enterica in sprouting-seed exudates is rapid; however, the active metabolic networks essential in this environment are unknown. to examine the metabolic requirements of s. enterica during growth in sprouting-seed exudates, we inoculated alfalfa seeds and identified 305 s. enterica proteins extracted 24 h postinoculation from planktonic cells. over half the proteins had known metabolic functions, and they are involved in over o ... | 2015 | 25416761 |
| rhamnolipids increase the phytotoxicity of diesel oil towards four common plant species in a terrestrial environment. | the study focused on assessing the influence of rhamnolipids on the phytotoxicity of diesel oil-contaminated soil samples. tests evaluating the seed germination and growth inhibition of four terrestrial plant species (alfalfa, sorghum, mustard and cuckooflower) were carried out at different rhamnolipid concentrations (ranging from 0 to 1.200 mg/kg of wet soil). the experiments were performed in soil samples with a different diesel oil content (ranging from 0 to 25 ml/kg of wet soil). it was obse ... | 2012 | 22865941 |
| water-limiting conditions alter the structure and biofilm-forming ability of bacterial multispecies communities in the alfalfa rhizosphere. | biofilms are microbial communities that adhere to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are enclosed in a protective matrix of extracellular compounds. an important advantage of the biofilm lifestyle for soil bacteria (rhizobacteria) is protection against water deprivation (desiccation or osmotic effect). the rhizosphere is a crucial microhabitat for ecological, interactive, and agricultural production processes. the composition and functions of bacterial biofilms in soil microniches are poorly underst ... | 2013 | 24223979 |
| bioaugmentation with petroleum-degrading consortia has a selective growth-promoting impact on crop plants germinated in diesel oil-contaminated soil. | rhizoremediation is a complex type of green clean-up technology that involves both plants and the rhizosphere-associated microorganisms to decompose hazardous compounds. the success of the strategy strongly depends on plant tolerance towards the pollutant, as well as plant's interactions with the rhizospheric microbes. the microorganisms may be stimulated by the secreted root exudates, which results in an increased breakdown of contaminants in the rhizosphere. the main goal of this study was to ... | 2013 | 24078757 |
| the effect of root exudate 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and naringenin on soil bacterial community structure. | our goal was to investigate how root exudate flavonoids influence the soil bacterial community structure and to identify members of the community that change their relative abundance in response to flavonoid exudation. using a model system that approximates flavonoid exudation of medicago sativa roots, we treated a soil with 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and naringenin in two separate experiments using three different rates: medium (equivalent to the exudation rate of 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone from m. sativ ... | 2016 | 26752410 |
| natural diversity in the model legume medicago truncatula allows identifying distinct genetic mechanisms conferring partial resistance to verticillium wilt. | verticillium wilt is a major threat to alfalfa (medicago sativa) and many other crops. the model legume medicago truncatula was used as a host for studying resistance and susceptibility to verticillium albo-atrum. in addition to presenting well-established genetic resources, this wild plant species enables to investigate biodiversity of the response to the pathogen and putative crosstalk between disease and symbiosis. symptom scoring after root inoculation and modelling of disease curves allowed ... | 2012 | 23213135 |
| expr coordinates the expression of symbiotically important, bundle-forming flp pili with quorum sensing in sinorhizobium meliloti. | type ivb pili in enteropathogenic bacteria function as a host colonization factor by mediating tight adherence to host cells, but their role in bacterium-plant symbiosis is currently unknown. the genome of the symbiotic soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti contains two clusters encoding proteins for type ivb pili of the flp (fimbrial low-molecular-weight protein) subfamily. to establish the role of flp pili in the symbiotic interaction of s. meliloti and its host, medicago sativa, we deleted pi ... | 2014 | 24509921 |
| whole-genome sequences of xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains clarify taxonomy and reveal a stepwise erosion of type 3 effectors. | multiple species of xanthomonas cause bacterial spot of tomato (bst) and pepper. we sequenced five xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains isolated from three continents (africa, asia, and south america) to provide a set of representative genomes with temporal and geographic diversity. lmg strains 667, 905, 909, and 933 were pathogenic on tomato and pepper, except lmg 918 elicited a hypersensitive reaction (hr) on tomato. furthermore, lmg 667, 909, and 918 elicited a hr on early cal wonder 30r contain ... | 2016 | 28018370 |
| the role of auxin, ph, and stress in the activation of embryogenic cell division in leaf protoplast-derived cells of alfalfa. | culturing leaf protoplast-derived cells of the embryogenic alfalfa (medicago sativa subsp. varia a2) genotype in the presence of low (1 microm) or high (10 microm) 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) concentrations results in different cell types. cells exposed to high 2,4-d concentration remain small with dense cytoplasm and can develop into proembryogenic cell clusters, whereas protoplasts cultured at low auxin concentration elongate and subsequently die or form undifferentiated cell colon ... | 2002 | 12177494 |
| pathogen phytosensing: plants to report plant pathogens. | real-time systems that provide evidence of pathogen contamination in crops can be an important new line of early defense in agricultural centers. plants possess defense mechanisms to protect against pathogen attack. inducible plant defense is controlled by signal transduction pathways, inducible promoters and cis-regulatory elements corresponding to key genes involved in defense, and pathogen-specific responses. identified inducible promoters and cis-acting elements could be utilized in plant se ... | 2008 | 27879840 |
| a sinorhizobium meliloti-specific n-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal increases nodule numbers in medicago truncatula independent of autoregulation. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) act as quorum sensing signals that regulate cell-density dependent behaviors in many gram-negative bacteria, in particular those important for plant-microbe interactions. ahls can also be recognized by plants, and this may influence their interactions with bacteria. here we tested whether the exposure to ahls affects the nodule-forming symbiosis between legume hosts and rhizobia. we treated roots of the model legume, medicago truncatula, with a range of ahls eit ... | 2014 | 25352858 |
| modulation of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in bacteroids within medicago sativa nodules. | to evaluate the dose-response effects of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) on medicago plant growth and dry weight production, we increased the synthesis of iaa in both free-living and symbiosis-stage rhizobial bacteroids during rhizobium-legume symbiosis. for this purpose, site-directed mutagenesis was applied to modify an 85-bp promoter sequence, driving the expression of iaam and tms2 genes for iaa biosynthesis. a positive correlation was found between the higher expression of iaa biosynt ... | 2014 | 24814784 |
| transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identify a role for chlorophyll catabolism and phytoalexin during medicago nonhost resistance against asian soybean rust. | asian soybean rust (asr) caused by phakopsora pachyrhizi is a devastating foliar disease affecting soybean production worldwide. understanding nonhost resistance against asr may provide an avenue to engineer soybean to confer durable resistance against asr. we characterized a medicago truncatula-asr pathosystem to study molecular mechanisms of nonhost resistance. although urediniospores formed appressoria and penetrated into epidermal cells of m. truncatula, p. pachyrhizi failed to sporulate. tr ... | 2015 | 26267598 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae alf3 isolated from alfalfa. | we report here the annotated draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain alf3, isolated in wyoming. a comparison of this genome sequence with those of closely related strains of p. syringae adapted to other hosts will facilitate research into interactions between this pathogen and alfalfa. | 2016 | 26868403 |