| the effect of thymidine upon the incorporation of uracil into bacillus cereus. | | 1960 | 14444760 |
| the lipid composition of bacillus cereus as influenced by the presence of alcohols in the culture medium. | | 1962 | 14454238 |
| calcium dipicolinic acid-induced germination of bacillus cereus spores. | keynan, a. (university of wisconsin, madison) and h. o. halvorson. calcium dipicolinic acid-induced germination of bacillus cereus spores. j. bacteriol. 83:100-105. 1962.-the germination of spores of bacillus cereus strain t can be initiated by calcium dipicolinic acid. the kinetics of germination are characterized by a long lag period followed by a rapid loss of refractility. the lag period displays the temperature dependence of a metabolic reaction, whereas the rate of germination is relativel ... | 1962 | 14455467 |
| germination properties of spores with low dipicolinic acid content. | keynan, a. (university of wisconsin, madison), w. g. murrell, and h. o. halvorson. germination properties of spores with low dipicolinic acid content. j. bacteriol. 83:395-399. 1962.-when the dipicolinic acid content of spores of bacillus cereus strain t is reduced from 7.5 to 2 or 3%, the spores germinate spontaneously after heat activation and are sluggish in their response to l-alanine and other germination agents. only germination initiated by calcium dipicolinic acid is unaffected. l-alanin ... | 1962 | 14455468 |
| determination, by spodography, of the intracellular distribution of mineral matter throughout the life history of bacillus cereus. | knaysi, georges (cornell university, ithaca, n. y.). determination, by spodography, of the intracellular distribution of mineral matter throughout the life history of bacillus cereus. j. bacteriol. 82:556-563. 1961.-the intracellular distribution of mineral matter throughout the life history of bacillus cereus strain c(3) was investigated by microincineration for which the term spodography is suggested. the organism was grown in microcultures on collodion membranes supported by agar media. at va ... | 1961 | 14457212 |
| reactions of spores and cells of bacillus cereus with pyrimidine ribosides. | lawrence, n. l. (university of alabama, birmingham) and yun-chuan tsan. reaction of spores and cells of bacillus cereus with pyrimidine ribosides. j. bacteriol. 83:228-233. 1962.-cytidine deaminase and uridine ribosidase were essentially inactive in heat-resistant spores of bacillus cereus t, but the activity increased as the spores germinated and proceeded to the vegetative form. the activity of germinated spores on cytidine was evident only after several hours lag, but then was nearly equal to ... | 1962 | 14463006 |
| chemical analyses of asporogenic mutants of bacillus cereus. | lundgren, d. g. (syracuse university, syracuse, n.y.) and j. j. cooney. chemical analyses of asporogenic mutants of bacillus cereus. j. bacteriol. 83:1287-1293. 1962.-bacillus cereus atcc 4342 and three temperature-sensitive asporogenic mutants were compared regarding some basic cellular components and response to metals in a synthetic medium. the mutants sporulate when cultured at 28 c but are asporogenic when cultured at 37 c; the parent sporulates at both temperatures. results of amino acid a ... | 1962 | 14467380 |
| separation of the toxin of bacillus cereus into two components and nonidentity of the toxin with phospholipase. | molnar, dorothy m. (u.s. army chemical corps, fort detrick, frederick, md.). separation of the toxin of bacillus cereus into two components and nonidentity of the toxin with phospholipase. j. bacteriol. 84:147-153. 1962-bacillus cereus produced toxin in a casamino acids medium without added serum or other protein. the toxin was separated into two components by adsorption on columns of calcium phosphate gel followed by elution with phosphate buffer (ph 7.5). the component eluted first has been ca ... | 1962 | 14475243 |
| repression of protease formation in bacillus cereus. | | 1962 | 14479239 |
| bacteriophages of bacillus cereus and of crystal-forming insect pathogens related to b. cereus. | | 1961 | 14480397 |
| l-alanine dehydrogenase: a mechanism controlling the specificity of amino acid-induced germination of bacillus cereus spores. | o'connor, r. j. (university of wisconsin, madison), and harlyn o. halvorson. l-alanine dehydrogenase: a mechanism controlling the specificity of amino acid-induced germination of bacillus cereus spores. j. bacteriol. 82:706-713. 1961.-a study has been undertaken of the properties and specificity of germination of spores of bacillus cereus strain t. in the absence of additional carbon sources, only l-alanine, l-alpha-nh(2)-n-butyric acid, and l-cysteine were effective germinating agents. the phys ... | 1961 | 14480841 |
| [preparation of penicillinase from bacillus subtilis (of indian origin) and from bacillus cereus, strain 569 n. r. r. l]. | | 1962 | 14481012 |
| the effect of 8-azaguanine on the ribonucleic acid of the ribosomes in bacillus cereus. | | 1961 | 14482690 |
| possible production of several exopenicillinases by bacillus cereus. | | 1962 | 14484808 |
| application of sonication to release dna from bacillus cereus for quantitative detection by real-time pcr. | a rapid sonication method for lysis of gram-positive bacteria was evaluated for use in combination with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses for detection. other criteria used for evaluation of lysis were microscopic cell count, colony forming units (cfu), optical density at 600 nm and total yield of dna measured by picogreen fluorescence. the aim of this study was complete disruption of cellular structures and release of dna without the need for lysing reagents and ti ... | 2003 | 14499990 |
| development of a rapid 1-h fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assay for listeria species. | listeria monocytogenes is cytotoxic to the lymphocyte-origin hybridoma ped-2e9 cell line. the relative cytotoxicity can be calculated by assaying the release of alkaline phosphatase (alp) from the infected cell line. in this study, a fluorogenic substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, mup) was used to quantify the alp activity. the assay is 3.5-fold more sensitive than the colorimetric-based assay and requires only 1 h to differentiate virulent from avirulent strains. in addition to various l ... | 2003 | 14499993 |
| interaction of a free-living soil nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, with surrogates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. | free-living nematodes may harbor, protect, and disperse bacteria, including those ingested and passed in viable form in feces. these nematodes are potential vectors for human pathogens and may play a role in foodborne diseases associated with fruits and vegetables eaten raw. in this study, we evaluated the associations between a free-living soil nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, and escherichia coli, an avirulent strain of salmonella typhimurium, listeria welshimeri, and bacillus cereus. on an a ... | 2003 | 14503703 |
| pseudo-outbreak of toxigenic bacillus cereus isolated from stools of three patients with diarrhoea after oral administration of a probiotic medication. | from december 2000 to january 2001 toxigenic bacillus cereus was isolated from stools of three patients with diarrhoea at two tertiary hospitals in southwest germany. two cases with nosocomial diarrhoea were apparently epidemiologically related (same time and ward), a third case was unrelated with respect to time and location. in order to investigate the epidemiology of these three cases, clinical isolates and isolates from an unexpected, possible common source (probiotic medication) were compar ... | 2003 | 14505607 |
| complexation of cyclic dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide with ammonium salts. | cereulide is a principal toxin causing emetic syndrome which is produced by bacillus cereus and has been known as potassium selective ionophore. this paper deals with its complexation with inorganic and organic ammonium ions to assign the higher structures similar to the complex with potassium ion by means of nmr and esi-ms spectroscopy. of particular interest, the detectable ions are not only at m/z 1191.8 as k(+) complex but also (or sometimes exclusively) at m/z 1170.8 as nh(4)(+) complex in ... | 2003 | 14505659 |
| an antifungal chitinase produced by bacillus cereus with shrimp and crab shell powder as a carbon source. | the production of inexpensive chitinolytic enzymes is an element in the utilization of shellfish processing wastes. in this study, shrimp and crab shell powder prepared by treating shrimp and crab processing wastes with boiling and crushing was used as a substrate for the isolation of an antifungal chitinase-producing microorganism. bacillus cereus yq 308, a strain isolated from the soil samples, excreted one chitinase when cultured in a medium containing 2% (wt/vol) shrimp and crab shell powder ... | 2003 | 14506855 |
| an efficient and selective enzymatic oxidation system for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure d-tert-leucine. | [reaction: see text] d-tert-leucine was prepared with an enantiomeric excess of >99% by an enzyme-catalyzed oxidative resolution of the racemic mixture of dl-tert-leucine with use of leucine dehydrogenase. the l-amino acid was oxidized completely due to coupling of the primary reaction with a highly efficient irreversible nad(+)-regenerating step by nadh oxidase. | 2003 | 14507195 |
| diacylglycerol-rich domain formation in giant stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles driven by phospholipase c activity. | we have studied the effect of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens (alpha-toxin) on giant stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (sopc) vesicles. enzyme activity leads to a binary mixture of sopc and the diacylglycerol sog, which phase separates into a sopc-rich bilayer phase and a sog-rich isotropic bulk-like domain embedded within the membrane, as seen directly by phase contrast microscopy. after prolonged enzymatic attack, all bilayer membranes are transformed into an ... | 2003 | 14507699 |
| antibacterial and proteolytic activity in venom from the endoparasitic wasp pimpla hypochondriaca (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | venom from the endoparasitic wasp, pimpla hypochondriaca, is composed of a mixture of high and low molecular weight proteins, possesses phenoloxidase activity, has immunosuppressive properties, and induces paralysis in several insect species. in the present study we demonstrate that p. hypochondriaca venom also contains antibacterial and proteolytic activity. antibacterial activity was detected against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and xanthamonas campestris but not against pseudom ... | 2003 | 14511827 |
| use of bromodeoxyuridine immunocapture to identify active bacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae. | arbuscular mycorrhizae are beneficial for crops grown under low-till management systems. increasingly, it is becoming apparent that bacteria associated with mycorrhizae can enhance the beneficial relationship between mycorrhizae and plants. however, it has been difficult to study these relationships by conventional techniques. in this study actively growing bacteria were identified in soil from an undisturbed fallow field known to contain arbuscular mycorrhizae by using molecular tools to elimin ... | 2003 | 14532082 |
| use of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to identify bacillus anthracis by analysis of the 16s-23s rrna interspacer region and gyra gene. | denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) was evaluated as a method for identifying bacillus anthracis by analyzing two chromosomal targets, the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region (isr) and the gyra gene. the 16s-23s isr was analyzed by this method with 42 strains of b. anthracis, 36 strains of bacillus cereus, and 12 strains of bacillus thuringiensis; the gyra gene was analyzed by this method with 33 strains of b. anthracis, 27 strains of b. cereus, and 9 strains of b. thuringiens ... | 2003 | 14532217 |
| a new multiplex pcr for the detection of hbl genes in strains of the 'bacillus cereus group'. | | 2003 | 14535496 |
| morphogenesis of bacillus spore surfaces. | spores produced by bacilli are encased in a proteinaceous multilayered coat and, in some species (including bacillus anthracis), further surrounded by a glycoprotein-containing exosporium. to characterize bacillus spore surface morphology and to identify proteins that direct formation of coat surface features, we used atomic-force microscopy (afm) to image the surfaces of wild-type and mutant spores of bacillus subtilis, as well as the spore surfaces of bacillus cereus 569 and the sterne strain ... | 2003 | 14563859 |
| microbial ecology of bacillus thuringiensis: fecal populations recovered from wildlife in korea. | a total of 34 fecal samples, collected from 14 species of wild mammals in korea, were examined for the occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis. the organism was detected in 18 (53%) samples. among the three food-habit groups, herbivorous animals yielded the highest frequency (69%) of samples positive for b. thuringiensis, followed by omnivorous animals (50%). of the six fecal samples from carnivorous animals, only one sample contained b. thurin giensis. among 527 isolates belonging to the bacillus ... | 2003 | 14569287 |
| bactericidal effects of konjac fluid on several food-poisoning bacteria. | in this study, the bactericidal effects of japanese alkaline foods on food-poisoning bacteria were evaluated. konjac is an alkaline food soaked in calcinated calcium (the ph of konjac fluid ranges from 11.42 to 12.53). konjac fluids completely inactivated escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 and e. coil o26:h9, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio parahemolyticus. and staphylococcus aureus. the initial level of 6 log cfu/ml dramatically decreased after incubation with konjac fluid, and ... | 2003 | 14572219 |
| consumer food-handling behaviors associated with prevention of 13 foodborne illnesses. | to be effective in reducing the incidence of foodborne illness, consumers and food safety educators need information about behaviors that will decrease exposure to foodborne pathogens. a four-round delphi technique was used to survey nationally recognized experts in food microbiology, epidemiology, food safety education, and food safety policy with the aim of identifying and ranking food-handling and consumption behaviors associated with 13 major foodborne pathogens. the food safety experts rank ... | 2003 | 14572229 |
| phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. | bacillus anthracis is nonhemolytic, even though it is closely related to the highly hemolytic bacillus cereus. hemolysis by b. cereus results largely from the action of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) and sphingomyelinase (sph), encoded by the plc and sph genes, respectively. in b. cereus, these genes are organized in an operon regulated by the global regulator plcr. b. anthracis contains a highly similar cereolysin operon, but it is transcriptionally silent because the b. ... | 2003 | 14573681 |
| ceramide is involved in r(+)-methanandamide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human neuroglioma cells. | cannabinoids have recently been shown to induce the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) isoenzyme in h4 human neuroglioma cells. using this cell line, the present study investigates the contribution of the second messenger ceramide to this signaling pathway. incubation of cells with the endocannabinoid analog r(+)-methanandamide (r(+)-ma) was associated with an increase of intracellular ceramide levels. enhancement of ceramide formation by r(+)-ma was abolished by fumonisin b1, a ceramide ... | 2003 | 14573769 |
| microbial transformation of cortisol and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activity of its transformed products. | incubation of cortisol (1) with gibberella fujikuruoi for 12 days yielded an oxidatively cleaved product, 11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (2), while incubation with bacillus subtilis and rhizopus stolonifer yielded the reduced product, 11beta, 17alpha,20,21-tetrahydroxy-(20s)-pregn-4-en-3-one (3). other reduced products, 11beta, 17alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3, 20-dione (4) and 3beta, 11beta, 17alpha, 21-tetrahydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (5) were obtained by incubation of compound ... | 2003 | 14577687 |
| multiple brain abscesses in an extremely preterm infant: treatment surveillance with interleukin-6 in the csf. | | 2004 | 14586650 |
| real-time molecular beacon nasba reveals hblc expression from bacillus spp. in milk. | nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was applied in combination with a fluorescein-conjugated molecular beacon specific for a sequence flanked by transcript-specific primers in order to monitor hblc enterotoxin gene expression in real-time from milk separately contaminated with bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus, and bacillus circulans. maximal enterotoxin expression was noted following 16, 15, and 16 h, respectively, when grown in artificially contaminated nonfat dried mil ... | 2003 | 14592426 |
| aerobic tryptophan degradation pathway in bacteria: novel kynurenine formamidase. | while a variety of chemical transformations related to the aerobic degradation of l-tryptophan (kynurenine pathway), and most of the genes and corresponding enzymes involved therein have been predominantly characterized in eukaryotes, relatively little was known about this pathway in bacteria. using genome comparative analysis techniques we have predicted the existence of the three-step pathway of aerobic l-tryptophan degradation to anthranilate (anthranilate pathway) in several bacteria. based ... | 2003 | 14592712 |
| inactivation of spores of bacillus cereus in cheese by high hydrostatic pressure with the addition of nisin or lysozyme. | the objective of this work was to study high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of spores of bacillus cereus atcc 9139 inoculated in model cheeses made of raw milk, together with the effects of the addition of nisin or lysozyme. the concentration of spores in model cheeses was approximately 6-log10 cfu/g of cheese. cheeses were vacuum packed and stored at 8 degrees c. all samples except controls were submitted to a germination cycle of 60 mpa at 30 degrees c for 210 min, to a vegetative cel ... | 2003 | 14594224 |
| wessex shopping basket survey - a structured approach to local food sampling. | the shopping basket approach to food sampling, in which ready-to-eat food items from a shopping list were sampled at premises chosen at random, was adopted by 15 environmental health departments in the wessex region. a total of 2037 samples were analysed over a 30-month period. the microbiological quality varied considerably between food categories, with gravy and stock samples giving the highest proportion of satisfactory results. sliced meats, cooked rice and sandwiches gave the poorest overal ... | 2003 | 14594701 |
| composition and antimicrobial activity of achillea clavennae l. essential oil. | the volatile constituents of achillea clavennae l. (asteraceae), rare plant of europe, have been analysed using gc/ms. twenty- five components making up 81.6% of the oil were characterized with camphor (29.5%), myrcene (5.5%), 1,8-cineole (5.3%), beta-caryophyllene (5.1%) and linalool (4.9%) being the major constituents. the essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. the screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil was conducted by a disc diffusion test ... | 2003 | 14595583 |
| microbial diversity and prevalence of virulent pathogens in biofilms developed in a water reclamation system. | bacterial biofilm is a common phenomenon in both natural and engineered systems which often becomes a source of contamination and microbially influenced corrosion. it is thought that formation of biofilm in the monoculture of several bacterial species is regulated by acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) quorum-sensing signals. in this study, we investigated the microbial diversity and existence of ahl-producing and ahl-degrading bacterial species in the biofilm samples from a water reclamation system lo ... | 2003 | 14596899 |
| microbial and copper adsorption by smectitic clay--an experimental study. | the objective of this study was to quantify copper-, bacteria- and bacteriophage-binding capacities of natural clay with the aim of predicting the adsorption of heavy metals, human pathogenic bacteria and viruses by a clayey landfill liner. x-ray diffraction analysis of six natural clays showed that the dominant phase in all deposits consists of smectites together with illite, kaolin and, sometimes, palygorskite and sepiolite. the specific surface areas of different clay substrates were very hig ... | 2003 | 14599145 |
| in vitro assay for human toxicity of cereulide, the emetic mitochondrial toxin produced by food poisoning bacillus cereus. | the in vitro boar spermatozoon test was compared with the lc ion trap ms analysis for measuring the cereulide content of a pasta dish, implemented in serious emetic food poisoning caused by bacillus cereus. both assays showed that the poisonous food contained approximately 1.6 microg of cereulide g(-1) implying the toxic dose in human as < or =8 microg kg(-1) body weight. the threshold concentration of cereulide provoking visible mitochondrial damage in boar sperm exposed in vitro was 2 ng of ce ... | 2003 | 14599471 |
| identification of genomic islands in the genome of bacillus cereus by comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis. | horizontal gene transfer has been recognized as a universal event throughout bacterial evolution. the availability of both complete genome sequences of bacillus cereus and b. anthracis provides the possibility to perform comparative analysis based on their genomes. by using a windowless method to display the distribution of the genomic gc content of b. cereus and b. anthracis, we have found three genomic islands in the genome of b. cereus, i.e., bcgi-1, bcgi-2, and bcgi-3, respectively, which ar ... | 2003 | 14600214 |
| duplex real-time sybr green pcr assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools. | a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using the qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated with regard to detection of 8 of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in five stool specimens in 2 h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 20 pairs of specific primers. the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature (t(m)) curve analysis. the 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens examined were enteroinvasive escherichi ... | 2003 | 14605150 |
| identification of foodborne bacteria by infrared spectroscopy using cellular fatty acid methyl esters. | identification of bacterial species by profiling fatty acid methyl esters (fames) has commonly been carried out by using a 20-min capillary gas chromatographic procedure followed by library matching of fame profiles using commercial midi databases and proprietary pattern recognition software. fast gc (5 min) fame procedures and mass spectrometric methodologies that require no lipid separation have also been reported. in this study, bacterial identification based on the rapid (2 min) infrared mea ... | 2003 | 14607413 |
| interaction of phospholipases c and sphingomyelinase with liposomes. | | 2003 | 14610804 |
| genes for an alkaline d-stereospecific endopeptidase and its homolog are located in tandem on bacillus cereus genome. | alkaline d-peptidase (adp) from bacillus cereus df4-b is a d-stereospecific endopeptidase acting on oligopeptides composed of d-phenylalanine and the primary structure deduced from its gene, adp, shows a similarity with d-stereospecific hydrolases from ochrobactrum anthropi strains. we have isolated dna fragments covering the flanking region of adp from df4-b genome and found an additional gene, adp2, located upstream of adp. the deduced amino acid sequence of adp2 showed 96% and 85% identity wi ... | 2003 | 14612229 |
| nosocomial bacteremia and catheter infection by bacillus cereus in an immunocompetent patient. | we present a case of bacillus cereus bacteremia and catheter infection in an immunocompetent patient subjected to abdominal surgery, who recovered following central catheter removal and treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam. | 2003 | 14616690 |
| the bacillus thuringiensis linear double-stranded dna phage bam35, which is highly similar to the bacillus cereus linear plasmid pbclin15, has a prophage state. | bam35, a 15-kbp double-stranded dna phage, infects bacillus thuringiensis. recently, sequencing of the related bacillus cereus revealed a 15.1-kbp linear plasmid, pbclin15. we show that pbclin15 closely resembles bam35 and demonstrate conversion of bam35 to a prophage. this state is common, as several b. thuringiensis strains release bam35-related viruses. | 2003 | 14617663 |
| inhibition of bacillus cereus by strains of lactobacillus and lactococcus in milk. | the growth and death or survival of bacillus cereus in sterile skimmed milk fermented with 18 different lactic acid bacteria (lab) were investigated. b. cereus alone in milk reached about 10(7)-10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. when b. cereus was cultivated together with different lactobacillus or lactococcus cultures at 30 or 37 degrees c, the b. cereus counts after 72 h of fermentation ranged between < 10 cfu/ml and about 10(6) cfu/ml. the inhibition patterns for the different lactobacillus ... | 2003 | 14623386 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on the survival of pathogens in kwamegi, a traditional korean semidried seafood. | kwamegi (semidried raw pacific saury) is traditional seafood available in korea. it has water activity in the range of 0.90 to 0.95. spoilage and the growth of most pathogenic bacteria is retarded because of low water activity, low temperature, and packaging. however, it is contaminated with bacteria of public health significance and poses a hazard to the consumer because it is consumed raw without any cooking. the effectiveness of these hurdles in preventing the growth of staphylococcus aureus, ... | 2003 | 14627288 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis isolate possessing a spore-associated filament. | we report on a novel bacterium, isolated during a screen for environmental isolates of bacillus thuringiensis, that possesses a novel filamentous structure. nucleotide sequence from the isolate's 16s rrna gene places the bacterium unambiguously within the bacillus thuringiensis/bacillus cereus group. phase-contrast and electron microscopy indicate the presence of both a parasporal body and a long filament which are retained after sporulation. the filament is shown to consistently arise from the ... | 2003 | 14629020 |
| rapid determination of vitamin b2 secretion by bacteria growing on solid media. | development of an agar-diffusion assay to measure vitamin b2 in biological samples and application of the method to determine the amount of vitamin b2 secreted by bacteria. | 2003 | 14632999 |
| a molecular method to detect bacillus cereus from a coffee concentrate sample used in industrial preparations. | the aim of this work was to develop specific primers which are able to detect bacillus cereus in a coffee concentrate sample. | 2003 | 14633011 |
| detection and characterization of the novel bacteriocin entomocin 9, and safety evaluation of its producer, bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus hd9. | to identify and characterize new bacteriocins from a collection of 41 strains belonging to 27 subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis, and to evaluate the safety of the producers. | 2003 | 14633027 |
| genehunter, a transposon tool for identification and isolation of cryptic antibiotic resistance genes. | genehunter is a transposon tool designed for the experimental activation and identification of silent antibiotic resistance genes. the method permits the identification of novel resistance genes that lack previously identified homologues. using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 as a test organism for the in vivo version of the genehunter method, we were able to activate, clone, and identify two cryptic antibiotic resistance genes, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(6')-iaa ... | 2003 | 14638492 |
| lethal gastroenteritis associated with clozapine and loperamide. | | 2003 | 14638602 |
| structural and enzymatic analysis of soybean beta-amylase mutants with increased ph optimum. | comparison of the architecture around the active site of soybean beta-amylase and bacillus cereus beta-amylase showed that the hydrogen bond networks (glu380-(lys295-met51) and glu380-asn340-glu178) in soybean beta-amylase around the base catalytic residue, glu380, seem to contribute to the lower ph optimum of soybean beta-amylase. to convert the ph optimum of soybean beta-amylase (ph 5.4) to that of the bacterial type enzyme (ph 6.7), three mutants of soybean beta-amylase, m51t, e178y, and n340 ... | 2004 | 14638688 |
| synthesis of 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. | in the present study, a series of 1-ethyl/benzyl-6-fluoro-7-(substituted piperazin-1-yl)1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid were synthesized and characterized by ir, 1h-nmr, mass spectral and elemental analysis. the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the compounds were also determined by agar streak dilution method. the in vivo antibacterial activity of the compo ... | 2003 | 14642332 |
| antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of tick defensin against gram-positive bacteria. | defensins are a major group of antimicrobial peptides and are found widely in vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. invertebrate defensins have been identified from insects, scorpions, mussels and ticks. in this study, chemically synthesized tick defensin was used to further investigate the activity spectrum and mode of action of natural tick defensin. synthetic tick defensin showed antibacterial activity against many gram-positive bacteria but not gram-negative bacteria and low hemolytic activ ... | 2003 | 14642822 |
| conformational changes induced by cloxacillin in class a beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus. | class a beta-lactamases are enzymes that hydrolyse beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. they also hydrolyse substrate analogues such as oxacillin and cloxacillin, with a biphasic kinetic as it has been reported for bacillus cereus beta-lactamase. a molecular model of bacillus cereus beta-lactamase was built and the conformational changes that the substrates benzylpenicillin and cloxacilline produced in the conformation of selected regions of the protein were analyzed. ... | 2003 | 14656057 |
| fatal bacillus cereus meningitis without inflammatory reaction in cerebral spinal fluid after bone marrow transplantation. | | 2003 | 14657704 |
| inactivation of geobacillus stearothermophilus spores by high-pressure carbon dioxide treatment. | high-pressure co2 treatment has been studied as a promising method for inactivating bacterial spores. in the present study, we compared this method with other sterilization techniques, including heat and pressure treatment. spores of bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, and geobacillus stearothermophilus were subjected to co2 treatment at 30 mpa and 35 degrees c, to high-hydrostatic-pressure treatment at 200 mpa and 65 degrees c, or to heat treatment at ... | 2003 | 14660357 |
| development of a rapid method for direct detection of tet(m) genes in soil from danish farmland. | a method for direct detection of antibiotic resistance genes in soil samples has been developed. the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(m), was used as a model. the method was validated on danish farmland soil that had repeatedly been treated with pig manure slurry containing resistant bacteria. the tet(m) gene was directly detected in 10-80% of the samples from the various farmland soils and could be detected in all samples tested after selective enrichment. to validate the obtained results, the ... | 2004 | 14664871 |
| asymmetric reduction of benzil to (s)-benzoin with whole cells of bacillus cereus. | benzil (1) was selectively reduced to (s)-benzoin (2) in the presence of a wild-type bacillus cereus tim-r01. a 92% yield of 2 with 94% enantiomeric excess ratio was attained in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) (ph 7.5) by using glucose as a nutrient at 37 degrees c for 12 h. compound 2 was not reduced further to hydrobenzoin (3) at all. the reduction activity differed greatly depending on the strain of b. cereus. under these conditions the b. cereus strains ifo3001, ifo15305, iam1110, iam1229, i ... | 2003 | 14665737 |
| cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of goniothalamin isolated from bryonopsis laciniosa. | the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of goniothalamin isolated from bryonopsis laciniosa was investigated. goniothalamin showed potent cytotoxicity with lc50 values (5.03 microg/ml) comparable with the reference standard agent, gallic acid. it also showed weak antibacterial and significant antifungal activity against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. the antibacterial (minimum inhibitory concentration) effect against bacillus cereus and shigella shiga was ... | 2003 | 14669248 |
| treatment of saline wastewaters from marine-products processing factories by activated sludge reactor. | an activated sludge reactor, operated at room temperature (20-30 degrees c) was used to treat saline wastewaters generated by marine-products industries. the system was operated continuously and the influence of the organic loading rates (olrs), varying from 250 to 1000 mg cod l(-1) day(-1), on chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal was investigated. the system, inoculated with nacl-acclimated culture, removed up to 98% and 88% of the influent cod concentrations at olrs of 250 and 1000 mg cod l(-1 ... | 2003 | 14669806 |
| expression of binary toxin genes in the mosquito-colonizable bacteria, bacillus cereus, leads to high toxicity against culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | two b. cereus strains, ae10 and cx5, isolated from mosquito larval guts, were transformed with a recombinant plasmid, pbs373, harboring binary toxin genes from bacillus sphaericus 2297. immunoblotting analysis clearly revealed the production and presence of the 51-kda toxin protein in both strains. two recombinant b. cereus strains ae10 and cx5 showed very high toxicity against c. quinquefasciatus larvae. since both strains have a close relationship with the mosquito larvae in the native environ ... | 2003 | 14669911 |
| x-ray crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the mechanism of schiff-base formation in phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase catalysis. | phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) catalyzes the hydrolytic p-c bond cleavage of phosphonoacetaldehyde (pald) to form orthophosphate and acetaldehyde. the reaction proceeds via a schiff-base intermediate formed between lys-53 and the pald carbonyl. the x-ray crystal structures of the wild-type phosphonatase complexed with mg(ii) alone or with mg(ii) plus vinylsulfonate (a phosphonoethylenamine analog) were determined to 2.8 and 2.4 a, respectively. these structures were used to dete ... | 2004 | 14670958 |
| [conjugation in bacilli]. | the review considers experimental data on the conjugal transfer of plasmids in the bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis groups (the transfer of large self-transmissible plasmids and the mobilization of small plasmids). conjugation in bacilli is compared with conjugation in e. coli dependent on the f factor. conjugation of bacilli in their natural habitats is also discussed. | 2003 | 14679894 |
| liver abscess due to bacillus cereus: a case report. | bacillus cereus is a food-borne pathogen that causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis. we describe the case of a 72-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of acute abdominal colic pain. over a 2-day period, her clinical condition deteriorated rapidly, with the appearance of acute abdomen. computed tomography investigation of the abdomen showed a liver abscess (diameter approximately 3 cm). at laparotomy, the abscess was found to be ruptured to the free peritoneal cavity. the final clinic ... | 2003 | 14686990 |
| camelysin is a novel surface metalloproteinase from bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus frequently causes food poisoning or nosocomial diseases. vegetative cells express the novel surface metalloproteinase camelysin (casein-cleaving metalloproteinase) during exponential growth on complex, peptide-rich media. camelysin is strongly bound to the cell surface and can be solubilized only by detergents or butanol. camelysin spontaneously migrates from the surface of intact bacterial cells to preformed liposomes. the complete sequence of the camelysin-encoding gene, caly, ... | 2004 | 14688099 |
| genotyping of starter cultures of bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus for fermentation of african locust bean (parkia biglobosa) to produce soumbala. | bacillus spp. are the predominant microorganisms in fermented african locust bean called soumbala in burkina faso. ten strains selected as potential starter cultures were characterised by pcr amplification of the16s-23s rdna intergenic transcribed spacer (its-pcr), restriction fragment length polymorphism of the its-pcr (its-pcr rflp), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and sequencing of the 968-1401 region of the 16s rdna. in previous studies, the isolates were identified by phenotyping as ... | 2004 | 14698101 |
| the alternative sigma factor sigmab of bacillus cereus: response to stress and role in heat adaptation. | a gene cluster encoding the alternative sigma factor sigma(b), three predicted regulators of sigma(b) (rsbv, rsbw, and rsby), and one protein whose function is not known (orf4) was identified in the genome sequence of the food pathogen bacillus cereus atcc 14579. western blotting with polyclonal antibodies raised against sigma(b) revealed that there was 20.1-fold activation of sigma(b) after a heat shock from 30 to 42 degrees c. osmotic upshock and ethanol exposure also upregulated sigma(b), alb ... | 2004 | 14702299 |
| inactivation of bacillus cereus spores in milk by mild pressure and heat treatments. | | 2003 | 14702650 |
| maldi analysis of bacilli in spore mixtures by applying a quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. | a novel ion trap time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometer (qit-tof ms) has been applied for peptide sequencing in proteolytic digests generated from spore mixtures of bacilli. the method of on-probe solubilization and in situ proteolytic digestion of small, acid-soluble spore proteins has been recently developed in our laboratory, and microorganism identification in less than 20 min was accomplished. in this study, tryptic peptides were generated in situ from complex spore mixtures of b. subtilis ... | 2003 | 14710845 |
| characterization of bacillus spore species and their mixtures using postsource decay with a curved-field reflectron. | a strategy is proposed for the rapid identification of bacillus spores, which relies on the selective release of a family of proteins, referred to as small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasps). in this work, sasps were selectively solubilized from bacillus spores on the maldi sample plate by using 10% tfa. proteolytic digests of sasps generated in situ from spores of b. subtilis 168, b. globigii, b. thuringiensis subs. kurstaki hd-1, b. cereus t, and the nonpathogenic strain b. anthracis sterne ... | 2003 | 14710846 |
| genetics of zwittermicin a production by bacillus cereus. | zwittermicin a represents a new chemical class of antibiotic and has diverse biological activities, including suppression of oomycete diseases of plants and potentiation of the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis. to identify genes involved in zwittermicin a production, we generated 4,800 transposon mutants of b. cereus uw101c and screened them for zwittermicin a accumulation. nine mutants did not produce detectable zwittermicin a, and one mutant produced eightfold more than the pare ... | 2004 | 14711631 |
| multilocus sequence typing scheme for bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. | in this study we developed a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. this group, which includes the species b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, and b. anthracis, is known to be genetically very diverse. it is also very important because it comprises pathogenic organisms as well as bacteria with industrial applications. the mlst system was established by using 77 strains having various origins, including humans, animals, food, and soil. ... | 2004 | 14711642 |
| the antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen cetraria aculeata and its protolichesterinic acid constituent. | in this study, the antimicrobial activity of the acetone, diethyl ether and ethanol extracts of the lichen cetraria aculeata has been investigated. the extracts were tested against twelve bacteria and eight fungi and found active against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus vulgaris, streptococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes. no antimicrobial activity against the fungi was detected. it was determin ... | 2003 | 14713164 |
| detection of the bacillus anthracis gyra gene by using a minor groove binder probe. | identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among b. anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. we evaluated the bacterial gyra gene as a potential chromosomal marker for b. anthracis. a real-time pcr assay was developed for the detection of b. anthracis. after analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the b. anthracis gyra gene, a fluorescent 3' minor groove binding probe was tested ... | 2004 | 14715750 |
| making sense of an alphabet soup: the use of a new bioinformatics tool for identification of novel gene islands. focus on "identification of genomic islands in the genome of bacillus cereus by comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis". | | 2004 | 14726601 |
| purification and functional characterization of insecticidal sphingomyelinase c produced by bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus isolated from the larvae of myrmeleon bore was found to secrete proteins that paralyze and kill german cockroaches, blattela germanica, when injected. one of these active proteins was purified from the culture broth of b. cereus using anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the purified toxin, with a molecular mass of 34 kda, was identified as sphingomyelinase c (ec 3.1.4.12) on the basis of its n-terminal and internal amino-acid sequences. a recombinant sphingomyelinas ... | 2004 | 14728687 |
| phytoestrogen genistein as an anti-staphylococcal agent. | the soybean-derived isoflavone genistein has been shown to exert beneficial effects on many disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. the effects of genistein on mammalian cells are mediated by its abilities to inhibit topoisomerase ii and protein tyrosine kinase. in order to examine the potential antibacterial activities of genistein, we incubated the bacteria with various concentrations of this compound for different periods of time and assessed the viable counts. exposure to ge ... | 2004 | 14738897 |
| low molecular weight chitosans: preparation with the aid of papain and characterization. | low molecular weight chitosans (lmwc) of different molecular weight (4.1-5.6 kda) were obtained by the depolymerization of chitosan using papain (from carica papaya latex, ec. 3.4.22.2) at optimum conditions of ph 3.5 and 37 degrees c for 1-5 h. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed approximately 15-fold decrease in the particle size after depolymerization. decrease in the molecular weight was associated with decrease in the degree of acetylation (da) as evidenced by circular dichroism (cd), ... | 2004 | 14738997 |
| substrate binding to mononuclear metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus. | structure and dynamics of substrate binding (cefotaxime) to the catalytic pocket of the mononuclear zinc-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. the calculations, which are based on the hydrogen-bond pattern recently proposed by dal peraro et al. (j biol inorg chem 2002; 7:704-712), are carried out for both the free and the complexed enzyme. in the resting state, active site pattern and temperature b-factors are in agreement with crystallographic d ... | 2004 | 14747990 |
| reagentless identification of single bacterial spores in aqueous solution by confocal laser tweezers raman spectroscopy. | we demonstrate that optical trapping combined with confocal raman spectroscopy using a single laser source is a powerful tool for the rapid identification of micrometer-sized particles in an aqueous environment. optical trapping immobilizes the particle while maintaining it in the center of the laser beam path and within the laser focus, thus maximizing the collection of its raman signals. the single particle is completely isolated from other particles and substrate surfaces, therefore eliminati ... | 2004 | 14750852 |
| evaluation and establishing the performance of different screening tests for tetracycline residues in animal tissues. | four methods intended for screening muscle tissue for residues belonging to the tetracycline group were compared using artificially contaminated as well as incurred samples. two agar diffusion methods were studied: one with bacillus subtilis as a test strain, the second with bacillus cereus. two variants of each method were compared: thin plates for analysis of intact or minced meat, and thick plates for analysis of meat fluid. the thin plate variants could not be evaluated with artificially con ... | 2004 | 14754636 |
| [microbiological quality of muesli samples purchased in retail network]. | the estimation of microbiological quality of muesli samples was the aim of this investigation. the study included 40 samples which represented various consignments of muesli, produced in 2002 year. total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and also occurrence of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms and enterococci were determined. the systematic units of muesli fungal flora have been identified. it was stated that microbiological quality of all tested muesli was good. no pathogen ... | 2003 | 14755854 |
| the role of bacterial and non-bacterial toxins in the induction of changes in membrane transport: implications for diarrhea. | bacterial toxins induce changes in membrane transport which underlie the loss of electrolyte homeostasis associated with diarrhea. bacterial- and their secreted toxin-types which have been linked with diarrhea include: (a) vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin, e1 tor hemolysin and accessory cholera enterotoxin); (b) escherichia coli (heat stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin and colicins); (c) shigella dysenteriae (shiga-toxin); (d) clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens enterotoxin, alpha-tox ... | 2003 | 14757199 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | dna from over 300 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). b. thuringiensis and b. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the american type culture collection, and over 200 b. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the u.s. depa ... | 2004 | 14766590 |
| development and validation of experimental protocols for use of cardinal models for prediction of microorganism growth in food products. | an experimental protocol to validate secondary-model application to foods was suggested. escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and salmonella were observed in various food categories, such as meat, dairy, egg, or seafood products. the secondary model validated in this study was based on the gamma concept, in which the environmental factors temperature, ph, and water activity (aw) were introduced as individual terms with microbe-dependent parameters, ... | 2004 | 14766591 |
| rpob gene sequence-based identification of aerobic gram-positive cocci of the genera streptococcus, enterococcus, gemella, abiotrophia, and granulicatella. | we developed a new molecular tool based on rpob gene (encoding the beta subunit of rna polymerase) sequencing to identify streptococci. we first sequenced the complete rpob gene for streptococcus anginosus, s. equinus, and abiotrophia defectiva. sequences were aligned with these of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and s. pneumoniae available in genbank. using an in-house analysis program (svarap), we identified a 740-bp variable region surrounded by conserved, 20-bp zones and, by using these conserve ... | 2004 | 14766807 |
| identification of proteins in the exosporium of bacillus anthracis. | spores of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, possess an exosporium. as the outer surface layer of these mature spores, the exosporium represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment/host and is a site of spore antigens. the exosporium was isolated from the endospores of the b. anthracis wild-type ames strain, from a derivative of the ames strain cured of plasmid pxo2(-), and from a previously isolated pxo1(-), pxo2(-) doubly cured strain, b. anthracis um ... | 2004 | 14766913 |
| conjugative transfer, stability and expression of a plasmid encoding a cry1ac gene in bacillus cereus group strains. | the plasmid pht73 containing cry1ac and tagged with an erythromycin resistance gene was transferred from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki kt0 to several bacillus cereus group strains by conjugation. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and phase contrast microscopy showed that the transconjugants containing plasmid pht73 could express cry1ac toxin and produce bipyramidal crystalline inclusion bodies during sporulation. the study demonstrated that pht73 c ... | 2004 | 14769465 |
| penicillinase adaptation in b. cereus; adaptive enzyme formation in the absence of free substrate. | | 1950 | 14801356 |
| studies on heat resistance. iv. sporulation of bacillus cereus in some synthetic media and the heat resistance of the spores produced. | | 1951 | 14832198 |
| staining apparent nuclear material in bacillus cereus, neisseria catarrhalis and other cocci. | | 1951 | 14835021 |
| action of bacillus cereus toxins on chicken erythrocytes. | | 1951 | 14844407 |
| [food poisoning caused by b. cereus]. | | 1951 | 14855744 |