| n(pro) his49 and e(rns) lys412 mutations in pig bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 synergistically enhance the cellular antiviral response. | type i interferons are major components of the innate immune response of hosts, and accordingly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to modulate the host response during infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) nonstructural protein n(pro) and structural protein e(rns) play important roles in inhibiting type i interferon. the aim of this study was to explore the epistatic effects of amino acid mutations in n(pro) and e(rns) in porcine st cells to characterize the immune response induced by ... | 2017 | 28852929 |
| experimental transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent to swine after oral or intracranial inoculation. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a naturally occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. the potential for swine to serve as a host for the agent of chronic wasting disease is unknown. the purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of swine to the cwd agent following experimental oral or intracranial inoculation. crossbred piglets were assigned to one of three groups: intracranially inoculated (n=20), orally inoculated (n=19), or non-inoculated (n=9). at approximately ... | 2017 | 28701407 |
| an immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay (lfa) for rapid on-the-farm detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and potentially fatal disease of domestic pigs. classical swine fever is routinely diagnosed by clinical signs, serology, detection of csf virus (csfv) nucleic acid by pcr and virus isolation. most of the current csf diagnostic methods are expensive and have an extended turnaround time. in the majority of the csf endemic countries, lack of easy access to diagnostic facilities is a major problem for swine producers trying to obtain early diagnosi ... | 2017 | 28685287 |
| a bivalent dendrimeric peptide bearing a t-cell epitope from foot-and-mouth disease virus protein 3a improves humoral response against classical swine fever virus. | three dendrimeric peptides were synthesized in order to evaluate their immunogenicity and their potential protection against classical swine fever virus (csfv) in domestic pigs. construct 1, an optimized version of a previously used dendrimer, had four copies of a b-cell epitope derived from csfv e2 glycoprotein connected to an also csfv-derived t-cell epitope through maleimide instead of thioether linkages. construct 2 was similarly built but included only two copies of the b-cell epitope, and ... | 2017 | 28571760 |
| assessing the potential role of pigs in the epidemiology of ebola virus in uganda. | uganda has experienced 4 ebola outbreaks since the discovery of the virus. recent epidemiological work has shown pigs are hosts for ebola viruses. due to their high reproduction rates, rapid weight gain, potential to provide quick financial returns and rising demand for pork, pig production in uganda has undergone massive expansion. the combination of pork sector growth supported by development programmes and ebola virus risk prompted a foresight exercise using desk, interview and spatial method ... | 2017 | 26310206 |
| full-length genome of a novel genotype 3 hepatitis e virus strain obtained from domestic pigs in japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute or chronic hepatitis in humans and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. pigs are one of the main reservoirs for this infection. sixty pigs, 4-5 months of age, on a swine herd in japan had detectable anti-hev igg antibodies, and five (8.3%) of them had ongoing infection of genotype 3 hev. five hev strains obtained from the viremic pigs shared 98.8-100% nucleotide identity, and one representative strain (swhe1606845), whose entire genomic sequence was d ... | 2017 | 28822700 |
| from the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans, an emerging zoonosis mainly transmitted via food in developed countries and for which domestic pigs are recognised as the main reservoir. it therefore appears important to understand the features and drivers of hev infection dynamics on pig farms in order to implement hev surveillance programmes and to assess and manage public health risks. the authors have reviewed the international scientific literature on the epidemiolog ... | 2017 | 28545558 |
| performance of hepatitis e virus (hev)-antibody tests: a comparative analysis based on samples from individuals with direct contact to domestic pigs or wild boar in germany. | in europe, hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 causes most human infections, and domestic pigs and wild boar represent the main reservoirs. contact to these animals represents one source of human infection. however, interpretation of studies is challenged in the absence of a serological gold standard. hence, this study compared results of different hev immunoassays. plasma samples from 139 individuals who had professional contact to pigs (veterinarians, meat inspectors, slaughterhouse workers; n ... | 2017 | 28397024 |
| us feral swine were exposed to both avian and swine influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs) in swine can cause sporadic infections and pandemic outbreaks among humans, but how avian iav emerges in swine is still unclear. unlike domestic swine, feral swine are free ranging and have many opportunities for iav exposure through contacts with various habitats and animals, including migratory waterfowl, a natural reservoir for iavs. during 2010--2013, 8,239 serum samples were collected from feral swine across 35 us states and tested against 45 contemporary antigeni ... | 2017 | 28733290 |
| influenza surveillance in animals: what is our capacity to detect emerging influenza viruses with zoonotic potential? | a survey of national animal influenza surveillance programmes was conducted to assess the current capacity to detect influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals (i.e. those influenza viruses that can be naturally transmitted between animals and humans) at regional and global levels. information on 587 animal influenza surveillance system components was collected for 99 countries from chief veterinary officers (cvos) (n = 94) and published literature. less than 1% (n = 4) of these compon ... | 2015 | 25268692 |
| leptospira diversity in animals and humans in tahiti, french polynesia. | leptospirosis is a highly endemic bacterial zoonosis in french polynesia (fp). nevertheless, data on the epidemiology of leptospirosis in fp are scarce. we conducted molecular studies on leptospira isolated from humans and the potential main animal reservoirs in order to identify the most likely sources for human infection. | 2017 | 28658269 |
| potential roles of pigs, small ruminants, rodents, and their flea vectors in plague epidemiology in sinda district, eastern zambia. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in the eastern part of zambia that previously reported a plague outbreak. the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of pigs, goats, and sheep as sero-surveillance hosts for monitoring plague, and to investigate the flea vectors and potential reservoir hosts to establish the current status of plague endemicity in the district. serum samples were collected from 96 rodents, 10 shrews, 245 domestic pigs, 232 goats, and 31 sheep, whereas 106 organs ... | 2017 | 28399281 |
| complete sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of porcine kobuvirus in domestic pigs in northwest china. | porcine kobuvirus, a member of the genus kobuvirus that is associated with diarrhea, has been reported in many countries. we determined the complete genome sequence and investigated the genetic evolution of the kobuvirus strain swkov ch441, which was detected in the highland of gansu province in northwest china. the viral genome is 8149 nucleotides (nt) long, including a 29-nt poly(a) tail of the 3' end, and is 90 nt shorter in the 2b coding region than those of other kobuvirus strains whose seq ... | 2014 | 24777826 |
| reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity. | morbidity and mortality associated with pseudorabies virus (prv) infection are dependent on the age of the pig and the virulence of the strain. prv strains circulating in wild boar are considered to be low virulent, but no mechanistic explanation for their reduced virulence is available. here infection of 2- and 15-week-old domestic pigs with the prv wild boar strain bel24043 did not induce clinical symptoms in 15-week-old pigs, but resulted in important neurological and respiratory disease in 2 ... | 2017 | 28873002 |
| development of a rapid, simple, and specific real-time pcr assay for detection of pseudorabies viral dna in domestic swine herds. | despite successful eradication of pseudorabies virus (prv) from the commercial pig industry in the united states in 2004, large populations of feral swine in certain regions act as wildlife reservoirs for the virus. given the threat of reintroduction of the virus into domestic herds, a rapid, reliable, easily implemented assay is needed for detection of prv. although a real-time pcr (rtpcr) assay exists, improvements in rtpcr technology and a greater understanding of the diversity of prv strains ... | 2017 | 28467177 |
| an assessment of shedding with the oral rabies virus vaccine strain spbn gasgas in target and non-target species. | a safety requirement for live vaccines is investigating possible shedding in recipients since the presence of replication competent vaccine in secretions could result in direct and indirect horizontal transmission. this is especially relevant for oral rabies vaccine baits that are deliberately distributed into the environment. in the current study, survival of an oral rabies virus vaccine, spbn gasgas, was examined in excretions from different target and non-target species; red fox, raccoon dog, ... | 2018 | 29325820 |
| dna extraction from skins of wild (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and pecari tajacu) and domestic (sus scrofa domestica) species using a novel protocol. | sometimes, commercial products obtained from wild animals are sold as if they were from domestic animals and vice versa. at this point of the productive chain, legal control of possible wildlife products is difficult. common in the commerce of northern argentina, skins of two wild species, the carpincho and the collared peccary, look very similar to each other and to those of the domestic pig; it is extremely difficult to differentiate them after they have been tanned. because there was no an ad ... | 2012 | 22535403 |
| the investigation of interspecies diversity of erythrocyte aggregation properties by two different photometric methods in four animal species. | among the haemorheological parameters, red blood cell (rbc) aggregation shows the largest interspecies diversity, and often controversial data can be found in the literature, besides the methodology-dependent issues. in this present investigation, we compared four experimental/laboratory animal species' rbc aggregation by two different photometric methods for better revealing the differences. blood samples (k3-edta, 1.5 mg/ml) were taken from female animals: 16 inbred mice (mus musculus, cardiac ... | 2015 | 25788141 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in zoo animals and identification of a rodent-borne strain in a syrian brown bear. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, an emerging infectious disease of humans. hev infections have also been described in various animal species. whereas domestic pigs and wild boars are well-known animal reservoirs for hev, the knowledge on natural hev infection in zoo animals is scarce so far. here, we analysed 244 sera from 66 mammal species derived from three zoos in germany using a commercial double antigen sandwich elisa. hev-specific antibodies were detected in 1 ... | 2017 | 29173594 |
| identification of tick species collected from wild boars and habitats of wild boars and domestic pigs in the republic of korea. | tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. in this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the republic of korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. ticks we ... | 2017 | 28506041 |
| volatile emission of decomposing pig carcasses (sus scrofa domesticus l.) as an indicator for the postmortem interval. | this study aimed at correlating selected carcass borne volatile organic compounds (vocs) with the postmortem interval (pmi). selected volatiles should 1st be reliably emitted during vertebrate decay, 2nd be emitted at high concentrations, and 3rd show a reproducible quantitative dynamic during the decaying process. four pigs (sus scrofa domesticus l.) were placed in a deciduous forest in different seasons and volatiles emitted during the decaying process were sampled. seventeen compounds were id ... | 2015 | 25387588 |
| using bacterial and necrophagous insect dynamics for post-mortem interval estimation during cold season: novel case study in romania. | considering the biogeographical characteristics of forensic entomology, and the recent development of forensic microbiology as a complementary approach for post-mortem interval estimation, the current study focused on characterizing the succession of necrophagous insect species and bacterial communities inhabiting the rectum and mouth cavities of swine (sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses during a cold season outdoor experiment in an urban natural environment of bucharest, romania. we monitored the ... | 2015 | 26217916 |
| first record of the larval endoparasitoid tachinaephagus zealandicus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) from fly hosts developing on burnt remains and in pennsylvania. | adults of the gregarious larval endoparasitoid tachinaephagus zealandicus ashmead (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) were collected from two species of carrion-inhabiting flies, phormia regina meigen (diptera: calliphoridae) and hydrotaea aenescens wiedemann (muscidae), associated with the burnt remains of a domesticated pig, sus scrofa l. (artiodactyla: suidae), during late summer in south central pennsylvania. this represents the first reported occurrence of the wasp in the state and only the second in ... | 2016 | 26875188 |
| gastrointestinal protists and helminths of habituated agile mangabeys (cercocebus agilis) at bai hokou, central african republic. | infectious diseases including those caused by parasites can be a major threat to the conservation of endangered species. there is thus a great need for studies describing parasite infections of these species in the wild. here we present data on parasite diversity in an agile mangabey (cercocebus agilis) group in bai hokou, dzanga-sangha protected areas (dspa), central african republic. we coproscopically analyzed 140 mangabey fecal samples by concentration techniques (flotation and sedimentation ... | 2018 | 29350404 |
| detection of β-lactamase encoding genes in feces, soil and water from a brazilian pig farm. | β-lactam antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of different types of infections worldwide and the resistance to these antibiotics has grown sharply, which is of great concern. resistance to β-lactams in gram-negative bacteria is mainly due to the production of β-lactamases, which are classified according to their functional activities. the aim of this study was to verify the presence of β-lactamases encoding genes in feces, soil, and water from a brazilian pig farm. different β-lactamase ... | 2018 | 29322334 |
| modulation of the main porcine enteric neuropeptides by a single low-dose of lipopolysaccharide (lps) salmonella enteritidis. | the present research was conducted to investigate the influence of a low, single dose of lps, which does not result in any clinical symptoms of intoxication on the expression of selected neuropeptides within the intestines of the domestic pig. | 2017 | 29255488 |
| comparison of branch and distally focused main renal artery denervation using two different radio-frequency systems in a porcine model. | anatomic placement of lesions may impact efficacy of radio-frequency (rf) catheter renal denervation (rdn). however, it is unclear if it is necessary to perform treatments post bifurcation with systems that may provide deeper penetration to achieve successful rdn. | 2017 | 28465113 |
| genetic characterization of african swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in mozambique and identification of a novel genotype. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most threatening infectious diseases of pigs. there are not sufficient data to indicate the importance of the sylvatic cycle in the spread and maintenance of the disease locally and potentially, globally. to assess the capacity to maintain asf in the environment, we investigated the presence of soft tickreservoirs of asfv in gorongosa national park (gnp) and its surrounding villages. a total of 1,658 soft ticks were recovered from warthog burrows an ... | 2017 | 28921895 |
| evaluation of a commercial elisa for the detection of antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in wild boar (sus scrofa). | sarcoptic mange occurs in free-ranging wild boar (sus scrofa) but has been poorly described in this species. we evaluated the performance of a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of sarcoptic mange in domestic swine when applied to wild boar sera. we tested 96 sera from wild boar in populations without mange history ("truly noninfected") collected in switzerland between december 2012 and february 2014, and 141 sera from free-ranging wild boar presentin ... | 2015 | 26161723 |
| analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of african swine fever cases in russian wild boar does not reveal an endemic situation. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly lethal viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. asf was introduced into the southern russian federation in 2007 and is now reported to be spreading in populations of wild and domestic suids. an endemic situation in the local wild boar population would significantly complicate management of the disease in the livestock population. to date no sound method exists for identifying the characteristic pattern of an endemic situation, which describes infection ... | 2014 | 25205556 |
| bone formation in peri-implant defects grafted with microparticles: a pilot animal experimental study. | this study aimed to evaluate the healing of peri-implant defects grafted with microparticles (mps). | 2014 | 25131387 |
| imaging rage expression in atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic pigs. | receptor for advanced glycated end product (rage) expression is a prominent feature of atherosclerosis. we have previously shown in apoe null mice uptake of a radiolabeled anti-rage antibody in atherosclerotic plaque and now evaluate rage-directed imaging to identify advanced plaques in a large animal model. | 2014 | 25006545 |
| lactation biology symposium: lactocrine signaling and developmental programming. | lactocrine signaling is defined as transmission of bioactive factors from mother to offspring as a consequence of nursing. lactocrine transmission of signaling molecules may be an evolutionarily conserved process through which bioactive factors necessary for support of neonatal development are delivered postnatally. dependence on maternal resources for development in eutherian mammals extends into neonatal life for at least that period of time when nutrition is obtained solely from first milk (i ... | 2013 | 23100582 |
| first-time detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in uruguay. | within the last two decades, several high-impact viruses have emerged in the global swine population, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). in uruguay, the more recent serological survey for prrsv and other notifiable diseases such as aujeszky's disease virus (adv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) dated from year 2000. the main purpose of this study was to update our information on the infection status of prrsv, adv and csfv in uruguayan pig herds, in order ... | 2018 | 29330937 |
| elevated proportions of deleterious genetic variation in domestic animals and plants. | a fraction of genetic variants segregating in any population are deleterious, which negatively impacts individual fitness. the domestication of animals and plants is associated with population bottlenecks and artificial selection, which are predicted to increase the proportion of deleterious variants. however, the extent to which this is a general feature of domestic species is unclear. here, we examine the effects of domestication on the prevalence of deleterious variation using pooled whole-ge ... | 2018 | 29325102 |
| prevalence and risk factors of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in livestock and companion animal in high-risk areas in malaysia. | japanese encephalitis (je) is vector-borne zoonotic disease which causes encephalitis in humans and horses. clinical signs for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection are not clearly evident in the majority of affected animals. in malaysia, information on the prevalence of jev infection has not been established. thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted during two periods, december 2015 to january 2016 and march to august in 2016, to determine the prevalence and risk factors in jev infecti ... | 2017 | 29243139 |
| developmental regulation of the intestinal fgf19 system in domestic pigs. | fibroblast growth factor-19 (fgf19) is an emerging endocrine factor involved in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis and energy metabolism in rodents and humans. in pigs, however, the fgf19 system remains largely unexplored. this study was designed to investigate the developmental regulation of the fgf19 system in domestic pigs. samples of intestinal sections, liver, and plasma were collected from 24 pigs (n = 6) at four developmental stages (birth, pre-weaning, post-weaning, and adulthood). ... | 2018 | 29446652 |
| serological and virological survey of hepatitis e virus (hev) in animal reservoirs from uruguay reveals elevated prevalences and a very close phylogenetic relationship between swine and human strains. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an issue of public health concern in high-income and non-endemic countries. increasing evidence supports the hypothesis of a zoonotic route as the main mode of infection in this epidemiological setting, since the transmission of genotypes hev-3 and hev-4 from reservoirs to humans has been demonstrated. in america, studies have confirmed the circulation of hev in pig herds but the zoonotic role of wild boars has never been evaluated. uruguay has a high burden ... | 2018 | 29291999 |
| feasibility study of a novel thoraco-abdominal aortic hybrid device (spider-graft) in a translational pig model. | the hybrid spider-graft consists of a proximal descending aortic stent graft and a conventional six branched dacron graft for open abdominal aortic repair. technical feasibility with regard to avoiding thoracotomy and extracorporeal circulation (ecc) during thoraco-abdominal aortic hybrid repair and peri-procedural safety of this novel device are unknown. | 2018 | 29290476 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus genotypes 3 and 4 in pig farms in korea. | the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) is mostly mediated by hev-3 and hev-4, and domestic pigs are an important reservoir for these genotypes. a survey of 14 pig farms in korea revealed hev rna in 30 of 148 (20.3%) fecal samples. hev-3a and hev-4c subtypes were identified from five (36%) and two (14%) pig farms, respectively. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolated hev strains were closely related with previously reported zoonotic strains in korea. this genetic analysis ... | 2017 | 29284214 |
| miniature pig model of human adolescent brain white matter development. | neuroscience research in brain development and disorders can benefit from an in vivo animal model that portrays normal white matter (wm) development trajectories and has a sufficiently large cerebrum for imaging with human mri scanners and protocols. | 2017 | 29277719 |
| toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in breeding pigs in estonia. | toxoplasma gondii is a widespread occurring parasite infecting warm-blooded animals, including pigs and humans. the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodies and to evaluate risk factors for t. gondii seropositivity in breeding pigs raised in estonia. sera from 382 pigs were tested with a commercial direct agglutination test, using a cut-off titer of 40 for seropositivity, for the presence of anti-t. gondii immunoglobulin g antibodies. | 2017 | 29228997 |
| compression sonography for non-invasive measurement of lower leg compartment pressure in an animal model. | compression ultrasound is a non-invasive technique allowing for qualitative visualization and quantitative measurements of mechanical tissue properties. in acute compartment syndrome (acs), cadaver studies have proven that the intra-compartmental pressure (icp) measured by compression sonography correlates with the icp measured invasively. this study aimed to evaluate compression sonography for compartment pressure measurements in an animal model. | 2017 | 29195681 |
| gene expression analyses of the small intestine of pigs in the ex-evacuation zone of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant. | after the accident at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant, radioactive contaminants were released over a widespread area. monitoring the biological effects of radiation exposure in animals in the ex-evacuation zone should be continued to understand the health effects of radiation exposure in humans. the present study aimed to clarify the effects of radiation by investigating whether there is any alteration in the morphology and gene expressions of immune molecules in the intestine of pigs ... | 2017 | 29141628 |
| in vivo assessment of a novel biodegradable ureteral stent. | to perform an in vivo assessment of a newly developed biodegradable ureteral stent (bus) produced with natural-based polymers. | 2018 | 29128964 |
| utilization of mri for cerebral white matter injury in a hypobaric swine model-validation of technique. | repetitive hypobaric exposure in humans induces subcortical white matter change, observable on magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and associated with cognitive impairment. similar findings occur in traumatic brain injury (tbi). we are developing a swine mri-driven model to understand the pathophysiology and to develop treatment interventions. | 2017 | 29087921 |
| diurnal rhythms in peripheral blood immune cell numbers of domestic pigs. | diurnal rhythms within the immune system are considered important for immune competence. until now, they were mostly studied in humans and rodents. however, as the domestic pig is regarded as suitable animal model and due to its importance in agriculture, this study aimed to characterize diurnal rhythmicity in porcine circulating leukocyte numbers. eighteen pigs were studied over periods of up to 50 h. cosinor analyses revealed diurnal rhythms in cell numbers of most investigated immune cell pop ... | 2018 | 29017838 |
| hepatitis e virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: a review. | hepatitis e is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev). large hepatitis e outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. in addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. wh ... | 2018 | 28944602 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies in domestic pigs in mexico. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is one of the most common causes of acute liver diseases in humans worldwide. in developing countries, hev is commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks. conversely, in industrialized countries, hev infection is often associated with travel to endemic regions or ingestion of contaminated animal products. limited information on both, human and animal hev infection in mexico is available. as a consequence, the distribution of the virus in the country is largely ... | 2017 | 28934965 |
| a novel culture method reveals unique neural stem/progenitors in mature porcine iris tissues that differentiate into neuronal and rod photoreceptor-like cells. | iris neural stem/progenitor cells from mature porcine eyes were investigated using a new protocol for tissue culture, which consists of dispase treatment and matrigel embedding. we used a number of culture conditions and found an intense differentiation of neuronal cells from both the iris pigmented epithelial (ipe) cells and the stroma tissue cells. rod photoreceptor-like cells were also observed but mostly in a later stage of culture. neuronal differentiation does not require any additives suc ... | 2017 | 28866055 |
| genetics of body fat mass and related traits in a pig population selected for leanness. | obesity is characterized as the excessive accumulation of body fat and has a complex genetic foundation in humans including monogenic high-risk mutations and polygenic contributions. domestic pigs represent a valuable model on an obesity-promoting high-caloric diet while constantly evaluated for body characteristics. as such, we investigated the genetics of obesity-related traits, comprising subcutaneous fat thickness, lean mass percentage, and growth rate, in a pig population. we conducted geno ... | 2017 | 28831160 |
| cross-species transmission potential between wild pigs, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and humans: implications for disease risk management in north america. | cross-species disease transmission between wildlife, domestic animals and humans is an increasing threat to public and veterinary health. wild pigs are increasingly a potential veterinary and public health threat. here we investigate 84 pathogens and the host species most at risk for transmission with wild pigs using a network approach. we assess the risk to agricultural and human health by evaluating the status of these pathogens and the co-occurrence of wild pigs, agriculture and humans. we id ... | 2017 | 28798293 |
| genetically modified pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation. | the growing shortage of available organs is a major problem in transplantology. thus, new and alternative sources of organs need to be found. one promising solution could be xenotransplantation, i.e., the use of animal cells, tissues and organs. the domestic pig is the optimum donor for such transplants. however, xenogeneic transplantation from pigs to humans involves high immune incompatibility and a complex rejection process. the rapid development of genetic engineering techniques enables geno ... | 2017 | 28698981 |
| coping style modifies general and affective autonomic reactions of domestic pigs in different behavioral contexts. | based on individual adaptive strategies (coping), animals may react differently to environmental challenges in terms of behavior and physiology according to their emotional perception. emotional valence as well as arousal may be derived by measuring vagal and sympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system (ans). we investigated the situation-dependent autonomic response of 16 domestic pigs with either a reactive or a proactive coping style, previously selected according to the backtest which i ... | 2017 | 28611608 |
| the yucatan minipig temporomandibular joint disc structure-function relationships support its suitability for human comparative studies. | frequent involvement of the disc in temporomandibular joint (tmj) disorders warrants attempts to tissue engineer tmj disc replacements. physiologically, a great degree of similarity is seen between humans and farm pigs (fps), but the pig's rapid growth confers a significant challenge for in vivo experiments. minipigs have a slower growth rate and are smaller than fps, but minipig tmj discs have yet to be fully characterized. the objective of this study was to determine the suitability of the min ... | 2017 | 28548559 |
| sero-prevalence of specific leptospira serovars in fattening pigs from 5 provinces in vietnam. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with a worldwide distribution. in vietnam, leptospirosis is considered endemic. in pigs, leptospirosis can result in reproductive problems (such as abortion and infertility) which lead to economic loss. in addition, transmission to people presents a public health risk. in vietnam, few national studies have been conducted on sero-prevalence of leptospirosis in pigs. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and incidence of ... | 2017 | 28482843 |
| noninvasive neuromodulation and thalamic mapping with low-intensity focused ultrasound. | objective ultrasound can be precisely focused through the intact human skull to target deep regions of the brain for stereotactic ablations. acoustic energy at much lower intensities is capable of both exciting and inhibiting neural tissues without causing tissue heating or damage. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of low-intensity focused ultrasound (lifu) for neuromodulation and selective mapping in the thalamus of a large-brain animal. methods ten yorkshire swine ( su ... | 2017 | 28430035 |
| localization of the corticospinal tract within the porcine spinal cord: implications for experimental modeling of traumatic spinal cord injury. | spinal cord injury (sci) researchers have predominately utilized rodents for sci modeling and experimentation. unfortunately, a large number of novel therapies developed in rodent models have failed to demonstrate efficacy in human clinical trials which suggests that improved animal models are an important translational tool. recently, porcine models of sci have been identified as a valuable intermediary model for preclinical evaluation of promising therapies to aid clinical translation. however ... | 2017 | 28323088 |
| a domestic porcine model for studying the effects of radiation on head and neck cancers. | radiation therapy (rt) of the head and neck region is often accompanied by serious side effects. research in this area is needed to improve treatment outcomes and ameliorate therapy tolerance. laboratory rodents are barely matching today's clinical standards in rt research. yet domestic swine (sus scrofa domestica) have previously proved suitable for various advanced tests in clinical research and training. we therefore investigated whether s. scrofa domestica is also appropriate for irradiation ... | 2017 | 28130028 |
| genomewide association studies for hematological traits and t lymphocyte subpopulations in a duroc × erhualian f resource population. | it has been shown that hematological traits can act as important indicators of immune function in both humans and livestock. t lymphocytes are key components of the adaptive immune system, playing a critical role in immune response. to identify genomic regions affecting hematological traits and t lymphocyte subpopulations, we performed both a snp-based genomewide association study (gwas) and a haplotype analysis for 20 hematological traits and 8 t cell subpopulations at 3 different time points ( ... | 2016 | 28046140 |
| occurrence and first molecular characterization of sarcocystis spp. in wild boars (sus scrofa) and domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) in romania: public health significance of the isolates. | domestic and wild pigs, as intermediate hosts, can harbor tissue cysts of three sarcocystis species namely s. miescheriana, s. suihominis and s. porcifelis. out of them, s. suihominis is zoonotic. romania is a country with high consumption of raw and/or undercooked traditional pork products. this fact may greatly favor the acquiring of the zoonotic sarcocystis infections by humans, as definitive host. based on this consideration and in order to investigate the occurrence and public health signif ... | 2017 | 28041999 |
| azoospermia and testicular hypoplasia in a boar carrier of a novel y-autosome translocation. | few sex-autosome chromosome abnormalities have been documented in domestic animal species. in humans, y-autosome chromosome abnormalities may occur at a rate of 1/2,000 live births, whereas in the domestic pig only 2 y-autosome reciprocal translocations have been previously described. during a routine cytogenetic screening of young boars, we identified a new y-autosome translocation carrier, which after puberty showed semen devoid of sperm and testicular hypoplasia with spermatogenesis arrest. w ... | 2017 | 27974725 |
| geometric features of pig airways using computed tomography. | accurate knowledge of the airway geometry is needed when constructing physical models of the airway tree and for numerical modeling of flow or sound propagation in the airways. human and animal experiments are conducted to validate these models. many studies documented the geometric details of the human airways. however, information about the geometry of pig airways is scarcer. earlier studies suggested that the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from that of humans. the ... | 2016 | 27798351 |
| like a pig out of water: seaborne spread of domestic pigs in southern italy and sardinia during the bronze and iron ages. | southern italy has a long history of human occupation and passage of different cultures since the early holocene. repeated, ancient introductions of pigs in several geographic areas in europe make it difficult to understand pig translocation and domestication in italy. the archeozoological record may provide fundamental information on this, hence shedding light on peopling and on trading among different ancient cultures in the mediterranean. yet, because of the scanty nature of the fossil record ... | 2017 | 27649620 |
| mechanically stable intraspinal microstimulation implants for human translation. | the goal of this study was to develop stable intraspinal microstimulation (isms) implants for use in humans to restore standing and walking after spinal cord injury. isms electrically activates locomotor networks within the lumbar region of the spinal cord. in animals, isms produced better functional outcomes than those obtained by other interventions, and recent efforts have focused on translating this approach to humans. this study used domestic pigs to: (1) quantify the movements and length c ... | 2017 | 27562143 |
| cross-sectional study of anti-trichinella antibody prevalence in domestic pigs and hunted wild boars in estonia. | trichinella spp. are relevant zoonotic pathogens in estonia. the aim of this nationwide cross-sectional study was to estimate the seroprevalence of trichinella spp. in domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica) and hunted wild boars (sus scrofa). serum samples from 374 pigs, originating from 14 farms, and meat juice samples from 470 wild boars were tested for immunoglobulin g antibodies against trichinella excretory/secretory antigens using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). antib ... | 2016 | 27315523 |
| genetics of adiposity in large animal models for human obesity-studies on pigs and dogs. | the role of domestic mammals in the development of human biomedical sciences has been widely documented. among these model species the pig and dog are of special importance. both are useful for studies on the etiology of human obesity. genome sequences of both species are known and advanced genetic tools [eg, microarray snp for genome wide association studies (gwas), next generation sequencing (ngs), etc.] are commonly used in such studies. in the domestic pig the accumulation of adipose tissue ... | 2016 | 27288831 |
| historical incidence of spontaneous lesions in kidneys from naïve swine utilized in interventional renal denervation studies. | the use of preclinical animal models is integral to the safety assessment, pathogenesis research, and testing of diagnostic technologies and therapeutic interventions. with inherent similarity to human anatomy and physiology, various porcine models have been the preferred preclinical model in some research areas such as medical devices, wound healing, and skin therapies. the porcine model has been the cornerstone for interventional cardiology for the evaluation and development of this catheter-b ... | 2016 | 27188879 |
| conserved differences in protein sequence determine the human pathogenicity of ebolaviruses. | reston viruses are the only ebolaviruses that are not pathogenic in humans. we analyzed 196 ebolavirus genomes and identified specificity determining positions (sdps) in all nine ebolavirus proteins that distinguish reston viruses from the four human pathogenic ebolaviruses. a subset of these sdps will explain the differences in human pathogenicity between reston and the other four ebolavirus species. structural analysis was performed to identify those sdps that are likely to have a functional e ... | 2016 | 27009368 |
| preparation and characterization of an antibody antagonist that targets the porcine growth hormone receptor. | a series of antagonists specifically targeting growth hormone receptors (ghr) in different species, such as humans, rats, bovines, and mice, have been designed; however, there are currently no antagonists that target the porcine growth hormone (gh). therefore, in this study, we developed and characterized a porcine ghr (pghr) antibody antagonist (denoted by an98) via the hybridoma technique. the results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence activated cell sorter, indirect immunoin ... | 2016 | 26954133 |
| temporal stability of personality traits in group-housed gestating sows. | the movement of sows (sus scrofa domesticus) out of individual gestation stalls and into group housing can introduce new sources of stress due to the enhanced environmental and social complexity. some sows may have the behavioral capacity to adapt to these changes better than others. however, little is known about individual differences in behavioral responses, or personality traits, in gestating sows and how they impact the animal's ability to cope with group housing. the temporal consistency i ... | 2016 | 26915682 |
| the production of multi-transgenic pigs: update and perspectives for xenotransplantation. | the domestic pig shares many genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities to humans and is thus considered to be a suitable organ donor for xenotransplantation. however, prior to clinical application of porcine xenografts, three major hurdles have to be overcome: (1) various immunological rejection responses, (2) physiological incompatibilities between the porcine organ and the human recipient and (3) the risk of transmitting zoonotic pathogens from pig to humans. with the introduction of ... | 2016 | 26820415 |
| on-pump nonrobotic total endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting: an animal study. | total endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (tecab) is currently performed exclusively with the help of a telemanipulator. after extensive practice in a biomechanical model, the operation was performed as a nonrobotic approach in an animal study. | 2016 | 26331233 |
| evidence of long-term gene flow and selection during domestication from analyses of eurasian wild and domestic pig genomes. | traditionally, the process of domestication is assumed to be initiated by humans, involve few individuals and rely on reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms. we analyzed pig domestication using over 100 genome sequences and tested whether pig domestication followed a traditional linear model or a more complex, reticulate model. we found that the assumptions of traditional models, such as reproductive isolation and strong domestication bottlenecks, are incompatible with the geneti ... | 2015 | 26323058 |
| lymphatic territories (lymphosomes) in swine: an animal model for future lymphatic research. | the swine is a common preclinical large-animal model for medical research because of the resemblance of its tissue structures to those of humans. however, the lymphatic system in swine is poorly understood. the authors investigated the lymphatic system and defined territories (lymphosomes) in swine using the microinjection technique. | 2015 | 26218378 |
| xromm analysis of tooth occlusion and temporomandibular joint kinematics during feeding in juvenile miniature pigs. | like humans, domestic pigs are omnivorous and thus are a common model for human masticatory function. prior attempts to characterize food-tooth interactions and jaw movements associated with mastication have been limited to aspects of the oral apparatus that are visible externally (with videography) and/or to 2d movements of oral structures (with monoplanar videofluoroscopy). we used xromm, a 3d technique that combines ct-based morphology with biplanar videofluoroscopy, to quantify mandibular ki ... | 2015 | 26089531 |
| human microbiota-associated swine: current progress and future opportunities. | gnotobiotic (gn) rodent models have provided insight into the contributions of the gut microbiota to host health and preventing disease. however, rodent models are limited by several important physiological and metabolic differences from humans, and many rodent models do not dependably replicate the clinical manifestations of human diseases. due to the high degree of similarity in anatomy, physiology, immunology and brain growth, the domestic pig (sus scrofa) is considered a clinically relevant ... | 2015 | 25991699 |
| humans (homo sapiens) judge the emotional content of piglet (sus scrofa domestica) calls based on simple acoustic parameters, not personality, empathy, nor attitude toward animals. | the vocal expression of emotion is likely driven by shared physiological principles among species. however, which acoustic features promote decoding of emotional state and how the decoding is affected by their listener's psychology remain poorly understood. here we tested how acoustic features of piglet vocalizations interact with psychological profiles of human listeners to affect judgments of emotional content of heterospecific vocalizations. we played back 48 piglet call sequences recorded in ... | 2015 | 25798794 |
| a genome-wide scan for signatures of directional selection in domesticated pigs. | animal domestication involved drastic phenotypic changes driven by strong artificial selection and also resulted in new populations of breeds, established by humans. this study aims to identify genes that show evidence of recent artificial selection during pig domestication. | 2015 | 25765548 |
| enhanced perfusion during advanced life support improves survival with favorable neurologic function in a porcine model of refractory cardiac arrest. | to improve the likelihood for survival with favorable neurologic function after cardiac arrest, we assessed a new advanced life support approach using active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation plus an intrathoracic pressure regulator. | 2015 | 25756411 |
| a novel porcine model for chemically inducible crohn's-like reaction. | new animal models provide insights into the pathogenesis of different types of inflammatory bowel disease as well as novel pathways for new therapeutic options. however, the scarcity of large animal models hinders the research and development of new surgical procedures and technological devices in inflammatory bowel disease surgery. common small animal inducible models involve chemical agents that result in the development of acute intestinal inflammation. | 2015 | 25739171 |
| prioritization of zoonotic viral diseases in feral pigs, domestic pigs and humans interface. | understanding the ecology of diseases requires the comprehension of pathogens in wild life-livestock interface. feral pigs (sus scrofa) are a health problem when countries work to prevent and control zoonotic diseases, as their populations raise environmental and health concerns due to infectious agents transmissible to domestic pigs and other animal species, including humans. | 2015 | 27622793 |
| pulsatile venoarterial perfusion using a novel synchronized cardiac assist device augments coronary artery blood flow during ventricular fibrillation. | patients with cardiogenic shock have a very high mortality. here we report the first use of a percutaneous pulsatile cardiac assist device, based on a diagonal pump synchronized with the heart cycle by means of an electrocardiographic signal in adult pigs. eight domestic pigs underwent mandatory ventilation. during sinus rhythm, there were no differences between pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion with regard to pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, mean ... | 2015 | 25511441 |
| expression of the myosin heavy chain iib gene in porcine skeletal muscle: the role of the carg-box promoter response element. | due to its similarity to humans, the pig is increasingly being considered as a good animal model for studying a range of human diseases. despite their physiological similarities, differential expression of the myosin heavy chain (myhc) iib gene (myh4) exists in the skeletal muscles of these species, which is associated with a different muscle phenotype. the expression of different myhc isoforms is a critical determinant of the contractile and metabolic characteristics of the muscle fibre. we aim ... | 2014 | 25469802 |
| phenotypic and functional differentiation of porcine αβ t cells: current knowledge and available tools. | domestic pigs are considered as a valuable large animal model because of their close relation to humans in regard to anatomy, genetics and physiology. this includes their potential use as organ donors in xenotransplantation but also studies on various zoonotic infections affecting pigs and humans. such work also requires a thorough understanding of the porcine immune system which was partially hampered in the past by restrictions on available immunological tools compared to rodent models. howeve ... | 2015 | 25466616 |
| in vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | cellular therapies using immune cells and in particular dendritic cells (dcs) are being increasingly applied in clinical trials and vaccines. their success partially depends on accurate delivery of cells to target organs or migration to lymph nodes. delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. thus, the design of an optimal dc therapy would be improved by optimizing technologies for monitoring dc trafficking. magn ... | 2015 | 25282042 |
| characterization of swine leucocyte antigen alleles in a crossbred pig to be used in xenotransplant studies. | we have characterized swine leucocyte antigen (sla) classes i and ii molecules of a domestic pig as a model for use in our xenotransplant program. molecular characterization of the sla classes i and ii genes is critical to understanding the adaptive immune responses between swine and humans in the event of xenotransplantation. seven swine leucocyte antigen genes (sla-1, sla-2, sla-3, dqb1, drb1, dqa and dra) were analyzed and 15 alleles were identified. a novel dra*w04re01 is reported for this l ... | 2014 | 25209617 |
| location and pathogenic potential of blastocystis in the porcine intestine. | blastocystis is an ubiquitous, enteric protozoan of humans and many other species. human infection has been associated with gastrointestinal disease such as irritable bowel syndrome, however, this remains unproven. a relevant animal model is needed to investigate the pathogenesis/pathogenicity of blastocystis. we concluded previously that pigs are likely natural hosts of blastocystis with a potentially zoonotic, host-adapted subtype (st), st5, and may make suitable animal models. in this study, ... | 2014 | 25093578 |
| endoscopic band ligation for closure of gi perforations in a porcine animal model (with video). | gi perforations occur rarely during endoscopy but have life-threatening implications. | 2014 | 25085337 |
| patterns and risks of trichinella infection in humans and pigs in northern laos. | several outbreaks of trichinellosis associated with the consumption of raw pork have occurred in laos since 2004. this cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces of northern laos to investigate the seroepidemiology of trichinellosis in the human population and determine the prevalence and species of trichinella infection in the domestic pig population. serum samples and questionnaire data were obtained from 1419 individuals. serum samples were tested for trichinella antibodies by elis ... | 2014 | 25078088 |
| illegitimate recombination between t cell receptor genes in humans and pigs (sus scrofa domestica). | t cell receptor (tcr) genes (tra/trd, trb and trg) reside in three regions on human chromosomes (14q11.2, 7q34 and 7p14, respectively) and pig chromosomes (7q15.3-q21, 18q11.3-q12 and 9q21-22, respectively). during the maturation of t cells, tcr genes are rearranged by site-specific recombination. occasionally, interlocus recombination of different tcr genes takes place, resulting in chromosome rearrangements. it has been suggested that the absolute number of these "innocent" trans-rearrangement ... | 2014 | 25038896 |
| minimally invasive convection-enhanced delivery of biologics into dorsal root ganglia: validation in the pig model and prospective modeling in humans. technical note. | dorsal root ganglia (drg) are critical anatomical structures involved in nociception. intraganglionic (ig) drug delivery is therefore an important route of administration for novel analgesic therapies. although ig injection in large animal models is highly desirable for preclinical biodistribution and toxicology studies of new drugs, no method to deliver pharmaceutical agents into the drg has been reported in any large species. the present study describes a minimally invasive technique of ig age ... | 2014 | 24995785 |
| newborn pig trachea cell line cultured in air-liquid interface conditions allows a partial in vitro representation of the porcine upper airway tissue. | the domestic pig is an excellent animal model to study human microbial diseases due to its similarity to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, and genetics. we assessed the suitability of an in vitro air-liquid interface (ali) culture system for newborn pig trachea (nptr) cells as a practical tool for analyzing the immune response of respiratory epithelial cells to aggressors. this cell line offers a wide microbial susceptibility spectrum to both viruses and bacteria. the purpose of our study ... | 2014 | 24885012 |
| origins and neurochemical complexity of preganglionic neurons supplying the superior cervical ganglion in the domestic pig. | the superior cervical ganglion (scg) is a center of sympathetic innervation of all head and neck organs. scg sympathetic preganglionic neurons (spn) were found in the nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis (imlpp), the nucleus intermediolateralis pars funicularis (imlpf), the nucleus intercalatus spinalis (ic), and the nucleus intercalatus spinalis pars paraependymalis (icpe). despite its importance, little is known of scg innervation and chemical coding in the laboratory pig, a model that ... | 2015 | 24854048 |
| establishing a critical-size mandibular defect model in growing pigs: characterization of spontaneous healing. | a large animal model is desired for preclinical studies aimed at reconstructing severe mandibular skeletal defects using tissue engineering techniques. to identify the size and location requirements for a mandibular critical-size bone defect in growing pigs, the present study investigated the spontaneous healing of surgically created mandibular defects. | 2014 | 24815793 |
| the porcine innate immune system: an update. | over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. however, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharm ... | 2014 | 24709051 |
| characterization of porcine nlrp3 inflammasome activation and its upstream mechanism. | inflammasomes, which are intracellular sensors of endogenous or exogenous danger signals, activate caspase-1, resulting in interleukin (il)-1β maturation. although most studies on inflammasomes have been performed in human and/or mouse-derived macrophages, porcine inflammasome activation has not been elucidated even though pigs are considered one of the best animal models for translational and preclinical investigations. in this study, we optimized detection of porcine il-1β secretion, which is ... | 2014 | 24691785 |
| influence of hypotension and nerve root section on the ability to mobilize the spinal cord during spine surgery. an experimental study in a pig model. | the correction of severe spinal deformities by an isolated posterior approach often involves cord manipulation together with hypotensive anesthesia. to date, the efficiency of methods to increase the tolerance of the cord to displacement and the influence of hypotension on this tolerance is yet to be assessed. | 2014 | 24333455 |
| n-linked glycan profiling of ggta1/cmah knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens. | the temporary or long-term xenotransplantation of pig organs into people would save thousands of lives each year if not for the robust human antibody response to pig carbohydrates. genetically engineered pigs deficient in galactose α1,3 galactose (gene modified: ggta1) and n-glycolylneuraminic acid (gene modified: cmah) have significantly improved cell survival when challenged by human antibody and complement in vitro. there remains, however, a significant portion of human antibody binding. | 2016 | 24033743 |
| transgenic pig expressing the red fluorescent protein kusabira-orange as a novel tool for preclinical studies on hepatocyte transplantation. | research on hepatocyte transplantation as an alternative or supplementary treatment for liver transplantation is progressing. however, to advance to clinical trials, confidence in the technique must be established and its safety must be validated by conducting experiments using animals of comparable sizes to humans, such as pigs. we used transgenic pigs expressing red fluorescence protein for investigating the distribution and survival of transplanted cells. | 2013 | 23769049 |