| mir-285 targets p450 (cyp6n23) to regulate pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens pallens. | micrornas play critical roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which participate in the modulation of almost all of the cellular processes. although emerging evidence indicates that micrornas are related with antineoplastic drugs resistance, whether micrornas are responsible for insecticide resistance in mosquitos is poorly understood. in this paper, we found that mir-285 was significantly upregulated in the deltamethrin-resistant strain of culex pipiens pallens, and overex ... | 2016 | 27651043 |
| molecular data reveal a cryptic species within the culex pipiens mosquito complex. | the culex pipiens mosquito complex is a group of evolutionarily closely related species including c. pipiens and culex quinquefasciatus, both infected by the cytoplasmically inherited wolbachia symbiont. a wolbachia-uninfected population of c. pipiens was however described in south africa and was recently proposed to represent a cryptic species. in this study, we reconsidered the existence of this species by undertaking an extensive screening for the presence of wolbachia-uninfected c. pipiens s ... | 2016 | 27591564 |
| mir-932 regulates pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | micrornas (mirnas) play notable role in regulation of gene expression at the posttranscription level, and have been involved in many biological processes, including insecticide resistance. in this study, we investigated the role of mir-932 in the molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens pallens (l.). overexpression of mir-932 in the ds-strain made the mosquitoes more resistant to deltamethrin, while inhibiting the expression of mir-932 in the dr-strain made the mosquitoes m ... | 2016 | 27313166 |
| modelling the effect of temperature on the seasonal population dynamics of temperate mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases cause substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. these impacts are widely predicted to increase as temperatures warm and extreme precipitation events become more frequent, since mosquito biology and disease ecology are strongly linked to environmental conditions. however, direct evidence linking environmental change to changes in mosquito-borne disease is rare, and the ecological mechanisms that may underpin such changes are poorly understood. environmental drivers, s ... | 2016 | 27084359 |
| synthesis and larvicidal activity of phrymarolin derivatives against culex pipiens pallens. | twenty-eight new phrymarolin derivatives, including twenty-one ethers, six esters and a dehydroxy phrymarolin, were prepared from phrymarolin i and the structures of all the derivatives were confirmed by ¹h nmr and ¹³c nmr spectroscopic and ms data analyses. larvicidal activities of these phrymarolin analogues were assayed against 4th instar larvae of culex pipiens pallens. the ester derivatives of phrymarolin showed lower larvicidal activity than phrymarolin i, but some of the ether derivatives ... | 2016 | 27032209 |
| seasonal dynamics of insecticide resistance, multiple resistance, and morphometric variation in field populations of culex pipiens. | resistance to insecticides that impairs nervous transmission has been widely investigated in mosquito populations as insecticides are crucial to effective insect control. the development of insecticide resistance is also of special interest to evolutionary biologists since it represents the opportunity to observe the genetic consequences of a well-characterized alteration in the environment. although the frequencies of resistance alleles in culex pipiens populations against different groups of i ... | 2016 | 27017877 |
| novel hydrazone derivatives containing pyridine amide moiety: design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity. | a series of novel hydrazone derivatives containing pyridine amide moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal activity. bioassays indicated that some of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against nilaparvata lugens (n. lugens), plutella xylostella (p. xylostella), mythimna separata (m. separata), helicoverpa armigera (h. armigera), pyrausta nubilalis (p. nubilalis), and culex pipiens pallens (c. pipiens pallens). in particular, compound 5j rev ... | 2016 | 26832221 |
| survivorship and fecundity of culex pipiens pallens feeding on flowering plants and seed pods with differential preferences. | adult mosquitoes rely on ingestion of sugar from plants to survive, swarm and mate. culex pipiens pallens coguillett is the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis and epidemic encephalitis. little is known about the effect of feeding on different sugar sources on the survivorship and fecundity of cx. pipiens pallens. in the present study, newly emerged mosquitoes were exposed to several flowering plant and seed pod species with different olfactory preferences, and the survival times of mosquitoe ... | 2016 | 26739652 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal activity of greek myrtle essential oils against culex pipiens biotype molestus. | fresh leaves of myrtus communis collected from different localities in greece, were subjected to hydrodistillation and the oils obtained were analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. the analyses showed mainly quantitative differences, with the monoterpenes myrtenyl acetate, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and linalool, along with limonene, dominating the majority of the analyzed myrtle oils. the evaluation of the larvicidal activity of the samples against culex pipiens biotype molestus mosquito showed that all tes ... | 2015 | 26669120 |
| dissolved oxygen levels affect the survival and developmental period of the mosquito culex pipiens. | | 2015 | 26611983 |
| decreased flight activity in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) naturally infected with culex flavivirus. | insect-specific flaviviruses (isfvs) commonly infect vectors of mosquito-borne arboviruses. to investigate whether infection with an isfv might affect mosquito flight behavior, we quantified flight behavior in culex pipiens l. naturally infected with culex flavivirus (cxfv). we observed a significant reduction in the scotophase (dark hours) flight activity of cxfv-positive mosquitoes relative to cxfv-negative mosquitoes, but only a marginal reduction in photophase (light hours) flight activity, ... | 2016 | 26512141 |
| repellent effect of ocimum basilicum and glycyrrhiza glabra extracts against the mosquito vector, culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | essential or volatile oils of plants have been variously reported to have many medicinal applications. methanol, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of ocimum basilicum and glycyrrhiza glabra were screened for their repellency effect against culex pipiens mosquito. the repellent action of the present plants extracts were varied depending on the solvent used and dose of extract. methanol extract of o. basilicum exhibited the lowest repellent activity as it recorded 77.4% at 6.7mg/cm2. the petrol ... | 2015 | 26485843 |
| high chlorpyrifos resistance in culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes. | we investigated the genetic determinism of high chlorpyrifos resistance (hcr), a phenotype first described in 1999 in culex pipiens mosquitoes surviving chlorpyrifos doses ⩾1 mg l(-1) and more recently found in field samples from tunisia, israel or indian ocean islands. through chlorpyrifos selection, we selected several hcr strains that displayed over 10 000-fold resistance. all strains were homozygous for resistant alleles at two main loci: the ace-1 gene, with the resistant ace-1(r) allele ex ... | 2016 | 26463842 |
| comparative transcriptome analyses of deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant culex pipiens pallens by rna-seq. | the widespread and improper use of pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin, has resulted in the evolution of resistance in many mosquito species, including culex pipiens pallens. with the development of high-throughput sequencing, it is possible to massively screen pyrethroid resistance-associated gene. in this study, we used illumina-solexa transcriptome sequencing to identify genes that are expressed differently in deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant strains of culex pipiens pallens ... | 2016 | 26377942 |
| the cuticle proteins: a putative role for deltamethrin resistance in culex pipiens pallens. | insecticide resistance has been a major public health challenge. it is impendent to study the mechanism on insecticide resistance. in our previous study, 14 differentially accumulated insect cuticle proteins (icps) based on insecticide resistance proteomes and transcriptomes were found in the deltamethrin-resistant (dr) and -susceptible (ds) strains of culex pipiens pallens. to investigate if these icps are associated with deltamethrin resistance, different transcriptional levels of the 14 icps ... | 2015 | 26337265 |
| synthesis and antiviral, insecticidal, and fungicidal activities of gossypol derivatives containing alkylimine, oxime or hydrazine moiety. | gossypol is a part of the cotton plant's defense system against pathogens and herbivorous insects. to discover gossypol analogs with broad spectrum and high activity, a series of gossypol alkylamine schiff base, oxime and hydrazone derivatives were synthesised and bioassayed. the biological results indicated that most of these derivatives exhibited higher anti-tmv activity than gossypol. interestingly, the activities of compounds 10, 15, 18, 20, 23 and 26 were much higher than that of ribavirin. ... | 2016 | 26337022 |
| artificial selection for different host preferences in culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes. | most mosquito species display host preferences that are a crucial determinant of the transmission rate of mosquito-borne pathogens. although a transgenic approach, based on driving genes for zoophily into vector populations, has been advocated as a malaria control strategy by the world health organization since 1982, the genes involved in mosquito host choice remain poorly understood. culex pipiens pallens coquillet mosquitoes were artificially selected for two different host preferences in a sp ... | 2015 | 26336219 |
| physico-chemical characteristics of culex pipiens sensu lato and culex torrentium (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites in germany. | culex pipiens sensu lato (l.) and culex torrentium martini, 1925 are two widely distributed mosquito species in europe. due to difficulties in morphological discrimination, the current knowledge on differences in the breeding ecology is fragmentary. therefore, this study evaluated the relation between the presence-absence of both species at various types of breeding habitats in response to physico-chemical parameters, using a recently developed molecular assay that allows reliable species-specif ... | 2015 | 26336210 |
| effects of fish cues on mosquito larvae development. | we investigated the effects of predator-released kairomones on life history traits of larval culex pipiens (linnaeus). we compared the development time and survival of sibling larvae, reared in either water conditioned by the presence of gambusia affinis (baird and girard) or fishless control-water. our results indicate that larvae developing in fish-conditioned water (fcw) pupated faster than larvae in fishless-control water. the effect of fcw on larval survival was evident only in females. sur ... | 2015 | 26259816 |
| trypanosomatids in ornithophilic bloodsucking diptera. | trypanosomes are known as widespread blood parasites of birds; however, knowledge of their prevalences in vectors and their overall biodiversity is rather limited. to assess the prevalences in potential vectors, we have microscopically examined ornithophilic bloodsucking diptera (culicidae, simuliidae and hippoboscidae) for the presence of trypanosomatids in their guts. in total, 3270 specimens were dissected, namely culex pipiens linnaeus, 1758 (n = 898), c. modestus ficalbi, 1890 (136), simuli ... | 2015 | 26211924 |
| negeviruses found in multiple species of mosquitoes from southern portugal: isolation, genetic diversity, and replication in insect cell culture. | in this report, an rt-pcr approach based on the use of degenerate primers allowed the identification of negeviruses in four different species of mosquitoes (ochlerotatus caspius, culex pipiens, cx. theileri and cx. univittatus) collected in southern portugal. the genomes of two of these viruses, sequenced to full completion, were shown to encode all the proteins encoded by previously described negeviruses. one of these viruses induces exuberant cytopathic effect in insect cell culture, with no o ... | 2015 | 26057025 |
| transmission of a pathogenic virus (iridoviridae) of culex pipiens larvae mediated by the mermithid strelkovimermis spiculatus (nematoda). | little progress been made in elucidating the transmission pathway of the invertebrate iridescent virus (miv). it has been proposed that the miv has no active means to enter the mosquito larva. we have previously found that the presence of the mermithid nematode strelkovimermis spiculatus is associated with miv infection in culex pipiens under field conditions. in the present study, we evaluated the transmission of miv to c. pipiens larvae mediated by s. spiculatus and several factors involved in ... | 2015 | 26031563 |
| pyrethroid resistance in culex pipiens mosquitoes. | mosquitoes within the culex pipiens complex are widely distributed and important in the transmission of many human diseases. insecticides, pyrethroids in particular, remain a mainstay for control of these important vectors. in this paper we review what is known about the levels, mechanisms and fitness costs of pyrethroid resistance in cx. pipiens. pyrethroid resistance in cx. pipiens is a global problem, and resistance ratios of up to 7000-fold have been found in larvae of field collected mosqui ... | 2015 | 25987223 |
| [presumptive role of wolbachia in deltamethrin resistance of culex pipiens pallens]. | to investigate the relationship between wolbachia and deltamethrin resistance in culex pipiens pallens. | 2014 | 25856898 |
| [the spatial distribution and infection of culex pipiens l. mosquitoes with western nile virus in the volgograd region]. | the infection of culex pipiens f. pipiens and cx. pipiens f. molestus mosquitoes with western nile virus was studied. their taxonomic status was determined from the type of mitochondrial dna. among 424 females individually examined, there were 4 infected specimens: 3 pipens females gathered in the urban and suburban open biotopes and one molestus female caught in the open urban biotope. molestus mitotype females were first detected in the suburban open biotopes. the possible reasons for the wide ... | 2015 | 25850309 |
| genetic characterization of esterase activity variants associated with an esterase gene amplification in a strain of culex pipiens from california. | in the culex pipiens complex, a common mechanism of insecticide resistance is amplification of esterase genes leading to overproduction of detoxifying esterase enzymes. a number of electrophoretic esterase alleles have been identified, and in field populations individuals with the same esterase electromorph can exhibit a wide range of esterase enzyme activities. we isolated and characterized esterase activity variants associated with the esterase b1 electromorph from a field strain. a mating sch ... | 2015 | 25843171 |
| fumigant activity of 6 selected essential oil compounds and combined effect of methyl salicylate and trans-cinnamaldehyde against culex pipiens pallens. | we studied the knockdown activity and lethal toxicity of 6 essential oil compounds-methyl salicylate, linalool, 2-phenethyl alcohol, eugenol, β-citronellol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde-as fumigants against adult female culex pipiens pallens in the laboratory. of the 6 products tested, trans-cinnamaldehyde was the most toxic (lc50 = 0.26 µl/l air, 24 h) with a slow knockdown time (kt95 = 176.5 min at 0.5 µl/l air). methyl salicylate displayed a lower toxicity (lc50 = 1.17 µl/l air, 24 h) but t ... | 2014 | 25843095 |
| [experimental study on cross-resistance of culex pipiens pallens to 3 kinds of chemical pesticides]. | to understand the cross-resistance of culex pipiens pallens to common pesticides, so as to provide the evidence for improving the application of chemical pesticides. | 2014 | 25782251 |
| acute larvicidal activity against mosquitoes and oxygen consumption inhibitory activity of dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives. | (-)-dihydroguaiaretic acid (dga) and its derivatives having 3-hydroxyphenyl (3-oh-dga) and variously substituted phenyl groups instead of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl groups were synthesized to measure their larvicidal activity against the mosquito culex pipiens linnaeus, 1758 (diptera: culicidae). compared with dga and 3-oh-dga (lc50 (m), 3.52 × 10(-5) and 4.57 × 10(-5), respectively), (8r,8'r)-lignan-3-ol (3) and its 3-me (10), 2-oh (12), 3-oh (13), and 2-ome (15) derivatives showed low potency ( ... | 2015 | 25669766 |
| evaluation of some medicinal plants in controlling culex pipiens. | the study evaluated the efficacy of methanolic extracts of ruta chalepensis (rutaceae), withania somnifera (solanaceae), cleome paradoxa (capparaceae) and heliotropium longiflorum (boraginaceae) aerial parts against culex pipiens larvae. different concentrations (100-500 ppm) of the methanolic extracts of the plants were tested towards larval mortality and development of c. pipiens separately. larval mortalities were counted at 2, 4 & 10 days after treatment. egg hatchability was determined at 4 ... | 2014 | 25643518 |
| comparative fine structure of eggs of autogenous and anautogenous culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | culex (cx.) pipiens is the potential vector human filariasis in egypt. however, autogenous cx. pipiens may be less efficient vector of wuchereria (w.) bancrofti in endemic areas of egypt compared to anautogenous counterparts. in this study, an attempt was made to differentiate eggs of autogenous and anautogenous cx. pipiens using scanning electron micrographs. the results indicated that eggs of both species appear to be similar to great extent in surface morphology. eggs of both forms are black ... | 2014 | 25643517 |
| effect of chlorfenapyr on cypermethrin-resistant culex pipiens pallens coq mosquitoes. | chlorfenapyr is a promising pyrrole insecticide with a unique mechanism of action that does not confer cross-resistance to neurotoxic insecticides. the effect of chlorfenapyr on pyrethorid-resistant culex pipiens pallens coq (diptera: culicidae) has not been fully investigated under laboratory conditions. in this study, cypermethrin-resistant c. p. pallens exhibited 376.79-fold and 395.40-fold increase in resistance to cypermethrin compared with susceptible strains after exposure for 24 and 48h, ... | 2015 | 25497774 |
| revised stereochemistry of ficifolidione and its biological activities against insects and cells. | ficifolidione (1), a moderately active insecticidal compound from two species of myrtaceae, and its derivatives were synthesized to evaluate their insecticidal activity. x-ray crystallographic analyses and specific rotation values of ficifolidione and its c-4 (2) demonstrated that the structure of ficifolidione differs from the reported absolute structure; that is, the c-4 configuration of ficifolidione should have an s configuration. the reported insecticidal activity of ficifolidione (1) and i ... | 2015 | 25495518 |
| stable coexistence of incompatible wolbachia along a narrow contact zone in mosquito field populations. | in arthropods, the intracellular bacteria wolbachia often induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) between sperm and egg, which causes conditional embryonic death and promotes the spatial spread of wolbachia infections into host populations. the ability of wolbachia to spread in natural populations through ci has attracted attention for using these bacteria in vector-borne disease control. the dynamics of incompatible wolbachia infections have been deeply investigated theoretically, whereas in na ... | 2015 | 25482270 |
| oviposition signals and their neuroethological correlates in the culex pipiens complex. | mosquitoes in the culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae), especially cx. pipiens and culex quinquefasciatus, have successfully exploited the rapid growth of the human population and globalization to their advantage by successfully utilizing man-made habitats, particularly for oviposition. culex spp. lay over 100 eggs together in a raft. each egg in the raft produces an apical droplet containing an oviposition attractant, erythro-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, commonly referred to as mosquito ov ... | 2014 | 25460826 |
| multi-character approach reveals a discordant pattern of phenotypic variation during ontogeny in culex pipiens biotypes (diptera: culicidae). | culex (culex) pipiens s.l. (diptera: culicidae) comprises two distinct biotypes, pipiens ('rural') and molestus ('urban'), both of which are thought to have differing capacities due to different host preferences. to better understand west nile encephalitis epidemiology and improve risk assessment, local distinction between these forms is essential. this study assesses phenotypic variation at larval and adult stages of 'urban' and 'rural' biotypes of the species by complementary use of meristic, ... | 2015 | 25424880 |
| genomic resources notes accepted 1 august 2014-30 september 2014. | this article documents the public availability of (i) transcriptome sequence data, assembly and annotation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) for the cone snail conus miliaris; (ii) a set of snp markers for two biotypes from the culex pipiens mosquito complex; (iii) transcriptome sequence data, assembly and annotation for the mountain fly drosophila nigrosparsa; (iv) transcriptome sequence data, assembly and annotation and snps for the neotropical toads rhinella marina and r. schneideri ... | 2015 | 25424247 |
| evidence for facilitation of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) life history traits by the nonnative invasive shrub amur honeysuckle (lonicera maackii). | mosquitoes are one of the most globally important insect pests and vectors of human pathogens, and their populations may be facilitated or inhibited by anthropogenic environmental change. invasive plant species are an important management concern and environmental modifier in many ecosystems; these plant invasions have the potential to exacerbate or diminish mosquito populations. the purpose of this study was to assess potential effects of a highly invasive plant, lonicera maackii, on a common m ... | 2014 | 25369112 |
| culex pipiens s.l. and culex torrentium (culicidae) in wrocław area (poland): occurrence and breeding site preferences of mosquito vectors. | both ornithophilic mosquito species, culex pipiens s.l. (l.) and culex torrentium (martini, 1925), occur sympatric in temperate europe. they are presumed to be primary vectors of west nile and sindbis viruses. differentiation of these morphologically similar culex species is essential for evaluation of different vector roles, for mosquito surveillance and integrated control strategies. cx. torrentium has been neglected or erroneously determined as cx. pipiens s.l. in some previous studies, becau ... | 2015 | 25339516 |
| natural vertical transmission of ndumu virus in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes collected as larvae. | ndumu virus (nduv) is a member of the family togaviridae and genus alphavirus. in kenya, the virus has been isolated from a range of mosquito species but has not been associated with human or animal morbidity. little is know about the transmission dynamics or vertebrate reservoirs of this virus. nduv was isolated from two pools of female culex pipiens mosquitoes, ijr37 (n = 18) and ijr73 (n = 3), which were collected as larvae on 15 april 2013 from two dambos near the village of marey, ijara dis ... | 2014 | 25276943 |
| design, synthesis, and fungicidal evaluation of a series of novel 5-methyl-1h-1,2,3-trizole-4-carboxyl amide and ester analogues. | succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (sdhis) are efficient fungicides that are widely used to control plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, although their effectiveness is undermined by the development of resistance across a range of different fungi. one of the most common structural features of sdhis is their amide bond. the introduction of greater structural diversity to sdhis is a promising strategy to delay the onset of resistance. a series of novel sdhis containing a bioactive 1,2,3 ... | 2014 | 25147150 |
| predation and control efficacies of misgurnus mizolepis (cypriniformes: cobitidae) toward culex pipiens molestus (diptera: culicidae) and fish toxicity of temephos in laboratory and septic tank conditions. | culex pipiens molestus forskal (diptera: culicidae) is the dominant mosquito species in septic tanks in south korea. an assessment was made of the biological control potential of mud loaches, misgurnus mizolepis günther (cypriniformes: cobitidae), toward cx. p. molestus larvae in laboratory and septic tanks. results were compared with those of temephos 20% emulsifiable concentrate. in laboratory tests, all mud loaches survived on sedimentation chamber- and effluent chamber-collected water of aer ... | 2014 | 25118414 |
| fumigant activity of eleven essential oil compounds and their selected binary mixtures against culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | to seek natural products for the development of environment friendly mosquito control agents, fumigant activity of eleven essential oil compounds and the joint action of the active compounds were evaluated against culex pipiens pallens adults. fumigant bioassay demonstrated that carvacrol exhibited the highest fumigant activity followed by thymol and l-perillaldehyde, with lc50 values of 0.26, 0.28, and 0.34 mg/l air, respectively. among the binary mixtures of four compounds with preferable perf ... | 2014 | 25015050 |
| repellent effect of lagenaria siceraria extracts against culex pipiens. | ethanolic, acetone and petroleum ether extracts from leaves and stems of lagenaria siceraria (cucurbitaceae) were screened for their repellency effect against culex pipiens l. mosquito. the repellent action of the present plant extracts were varied depending on the plant parts and the dose of extract. the petroleum ether extract of leaves showed the same repellency percent (100%) of commercial formulation, n. n.diethyl toulamide (deet) at the higher dose (3.33 mg/cm2), while petroleum ether extr ... | 2014 | 24961030 |
| isolation of stem cells from the mid gut epithelium of culex pipiens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | stem cells are undifferentiated cells that remarkable ability to self-renew and produce differentiated cells that support normal development and tissue homeostasis. the authors isolated spherical stem cells from the midgut epithelium of the late third larval instars of culex pipiens mosquitoes. in vitro, cultivated epithelial stem cells were able to proliferate and differentiate in fresh culture for 48 hr in absence of 20- hydroxyecdysone (20-e). the stem cells were the most common cells in the ... | 2014 | 24961007 |
| the use of morphometric wing characters to discriminate female culex pipiens and culex torrentium. | the reliability of the length of wing radial vein r(2/3) as a character for the morphological discrimination of the two potential arbovirus vectors culex pipiens s.s. and cx. torrentium from germany was reassessed, after this character had been neglected for more than 40 years. additionally, multivariate morphometric analyses were applied to evaluate wing shape variation between both species. although high-throughput molecular tools are now available to differentiate the two species, a simple, l ... | 2014 | 24820574 |
| fecundity reduction in the second gonotrophic cycle of culex pipiens infected with the apicomplexan blood parasite, hepatozoon sipedon. | fecundity reduction is a well-recognized phenomenon of parasite infection in insects. reduced production of eggs might increase longevity of a host and release nutrients to both host and parasite that would otherwise be used for oogenesis. the objective of this study was to assess effects on fecundity caused by hepatozoon sipedon, an apicomplexan blood parasite of snakes, in its invertebrate host, the mosquito culex pipiens. in the first gonotrophic cycle, the mean number of eggs laid by mosquit ... | 2014 | 24650105 |
| effect of habitat complexity on the predation of buenoa fuscipennis (heteroptera: notonectidae) on mosquito immature stages and alternative prey. | notonectids are well-known predators in aquatic habitats, where mosquito larvae, chironomids, and cladocerans constitute their main diet. our purpose was to assess the effect of structural complexity on the predatory ability of buenoa fuscipennis, a common predator in aquatic habitats of buenos aires city (argentina). buenoa fuscipennis showed type 2 functional responses in both the presence and absence of prey refuge and no differences in attack rate or handling time between refuge treatments. ... | 2013 | 24581348 |
| gene-dosage effects on fitness in recent adaptive duplications: ace-1 in the mosquito culex pipiens. | gene duplications have long been advocated to contribute to the evolution of new functions. the role of selection in their early spread is more controversial. unless duplications are favored for a direct benefit of increased expression, they are likely detrimental. in this article, we investigated the case of duplications favored because they combine already functionally divergent alleles. their gene-dosage/fitness relations are poorly known because selection may operate on both overall expressi ... | 2014 | 24494966 |
| evaluation of cold and thermal fogging spraying methods for mosquito control. | the efficacy of three pyrethroid insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, and cyphenothrin) in cold (cf) and thermal fogging (tf) applications against caged adults of culex pipiens linnaeus were evaluated under hot-dry conditions in riyadh, saudi arabia. the efficacy of cf and tf at different distances from the release point (15, 30, 45, and 60 m) and height (1 and 2 m) was also investigated by evaluating adult mortality after 24 h of exposure. our data indicated that tf was more efficaci ... | 2014 | 27193409 |
| competition impedes the recovery of daphnia magna from repeated insecticide pulses. | the effects of multiple insecticide pulses on non-target organisms have rarely been investigated in combination with relevant biotic interactions, such as competition. in this study, we examined the effects of two repeated pulses of the insecticide pirimicarb (3, 10, 24 μg/l) on populations of daphnia magna with or without competition. to investigate the influence of competition, half of the test systems were supplemented with the pirimicarb-insensitive species culex pipiens. the pesticide pulse ... | 2014 | 24373889 |
| design and development of aqueous nanoformulations for mosquito control. | microemulsions (me) are thermodynamically stable isotropic mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant; they would also be attractive as potential insecticidal products due to the high bioviability of the active ingredient, attributable to the small sizes of the oil drops. a laboratory study was conducted in order to compare the biological effect of oil in water (o/w) geranium essential oil (eo) and geraniol mes and emulsions, against culex pipiens pipiens mosquito larvae. the systems were based on t ... | 2014 | 24292544 |
| natural malaria infection reduces starvation resistance of nutritionally stressed mosquitoes. | in disease ecology, there is growing evidence that environmental quality interacts with parasite and host to determine host susceptibility to an infection. most studies of malaria parasites have focused on the infection costs incurred by the hosts, and few have investigated the costs on mosquito vectors. the interplay between the environment, the vector and the parasite has therefore mostly been ignored and often relied on unnatural or allopatric plasmodium/vector associations. here, we investig ... | 2014 | 24286465 |
| flight capacity of adult culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) in relation to gender and day-age. | culex pipiens pallens (l.) is the most common mosquito in houses of central and northern china. it is the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis and japanese encephalitis. the flight range of mosquitoes is an important factor predicting the risk area of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens to vertebrate hosts. the flight performance of cx. pipiens pallens was measured with a 26-channel computer-monitored flight-mill system. we found that females had longer flight capability than males for to ... | 2013 | 24180110 |
| culex pipiens affected by joint infection of a mosquito iridescent virus and strelkovimermis spiculatus. | dual infections with a mosquito iridescent virus (miv) and the mermithid nematode, strelkovimermis spiculatus were recorded in natural culex pipiens populations around la plata city, argentina. s. spiculatus was detected in 82% of samples that were positive for miv infection. dissected larvae of cx. pipiens with patent miv infection presented 42% infection with s. spiculatus. larvae of cx. pipiens exposed to miv and s. spiculatus under laboratory conditions produced a high joint infection rate ( ... | 2013 | 24012500 |
| paratrypanosoma is a novel early-branching trypanosomatid. | the kinetoplastids are a widespread and important group of single-celled eukaryotes, many of which are devastating parasites of animals, including humans. we have discovered a new insect trypanosomatid in the gut of culex pipiens mosquitoes. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase- and ssu rrna-based phylogenetic analyses show this parasite to constitute a distinct branch between the free-living bodo saltans and the obligatory parasitic clades represented by the genus trypanosoma and other tryp ... | 2013 | 24012313 |
| the molecular and morphological variations of culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae) in iran. | taxonomic status of culex pipiens is well-known as many years with such a wide variety of morphological and biological characteristics. these changes have been the subject of extensive investigation by many researchers. there are a little information about the morphology and molecular data of cx. pipiens complex in iran. the taxonomic status of the complex is very important because of medical and veterinary importance and wide distribution in the country. | 2013 | 23995312 |
| high-throughput genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ace-1 gene of mosquitoes using maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) plays a vital role in the nervous system of insects and other animal species and serves as the target for many chemical agents such as organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. the mosquito, culex pipiens complex, a vector of human disease, has evolved to be resistant to insecticides by a limited number of amino acid substitutions in ache1, which is encoded by the ace-1 gene. the aims of this study are to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sites in the ac ... | 2013 | 23955857 |
| the arbovirus vector culex torrentium is more prevalent than culex pipiens in northern and central europe. | two species of arbovirus vector, culex torrentium and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae), occur in several european countries, but difficulties in their accurate identification and discrimination have hampered both detailed and large-scale distribution and abundance studies. using a molecular identification method, we identified to species 2559 larvae of cx. pipiens/torrentium collected from 138 sites in 13 european countries ranging from scandinavia to the mediterranean coast. in addition, samp ... | 2014 | 23947434 |
| bioefficacy of acyclic monoterpenes and their saturated derivatives against the west nile vector culex pipiens. | twenty acyclic monoterpenes with different functional groups (acetoxy, hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl) bearing a variable number of carbon double bonds were assayed as repellent and larvicidal agents against the west nile vector culex pipiens. seven of them were derivatives that were synthesized through either hydrogenation or oxidation procedures. all repellent compounds were tested at the dose of 1mgcm(-2) and only neral and geranial were also tested at a 4-fold lower dose (0.25mgcm(-2)). rep ... | 2014 | 23938144 |
| thermal acclimation in a complex life cycle: the effects of larval and adult thermal conditions on metabolic rate and heat resistance in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | it has now been well established that insects can respond to variation in their environment via acclimation, yet the extent of the response varies among populations and environmental characteristics. one under-investigated theme which may contribute to this variation concerns acclimation effects across the life cycle. the present study explores how acclimation in the larval stage of culex pipiens affects thermal relations in the adult stage. mosquitoes were reared in a full factorial design at 1 ... | 2013 | 23932965 |
| meta-analysis of factors affecting ontogenetic development rate in the culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) complex. | meta-analysis of 33 studies of developmental timing of culex pipiens s.l. linnaeus demonstrates that development rate, or the rate of progression through immature life stadia, is primarily driven by temperature, whereas immature survival is driven by temperature, density, and variability in the environmental conditions. as expected, the linear relationship of temperature and development rate is positive for the larval period as well as development to adult emergence. however, the strength of thi ... | 2013 | 23905724 |
| environmental forcing shapes regional house mosquito synchrony in a warming temperate island. | seasonal changes in the abundance of exothermic organisms can be expected with climate change if warmer temperatures can induce changes in their phenology. given the increased time for ectothermic organism development at lower temperatures, we asked whether population dynamics of the house mosquito, culex pipiens s.l. (l.) (diptera: culicidae), in jeju-do (south korea), an island with a gradient of warming temperatures from north to south, showed differences in sensitivity to changes in temperat ... | 2013 | 23905723 |
| on the genetic architecture of cytoplasmic incompatibility: inference from phenotypic data. | numerous insects carry intracellular bacteria that manipulate the insects' reproduction and thus facilitate their own spread. cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a common form of such manipulation, where a (currently uncharacterized) bacterial modification of male sperm induces the early death of embryos unless the fertilized eggs carry the same bacteria, inherited from the mother. the death of uninfected embryos provides an indirect selective advantage to infected ones, thus enabling the spread ... | 2013 | 23778233 |
| abundance, diversity, and distribution of mosquito vectors in selected ecological regions of kenya: public health implications. | the diversity of mosquito arbovirus vectors was investigated to define regional risk of arbovirus transmission in kenya. mosquitoes were sampled between april, 2007 and december, 2010 at thirteen sites across seven administrative provinces and ecological zones. cdc light traps were used to collect mosquitoes while human-landing collection was conducted in five of the sites to target day-feeding aedes (stegomyia) species. over 524,000 mosquitoes were collected and identified into 101 species, 30 ... | 2013 | 23701618 |
| developmental stages of hepatozoon seurati (laveran and pettit 1911) comb. nov., a parasite of the corned viper cerastes cerastes and the mosquito culex pipiens from egypt. | developmental stages of hepatozoon seurati (laveran and pettit 1911) comb. nov. are described from the tissues of the corned viper cerastes cerastes, and from the vector culex pipiens. the parasite described in the present study is firstly recorded as haemogregarina seurati (laveran and pettit 1911) in the same host. after demonstration of the sporogonous development in the mosquito vector (c. pipiens) which showed all characteristics of the genus hepatozoon (large oocysts containing many sporoc ... | 2013 | 23620221 |
| ecological and genetic analyses of the complete genomes of culex flavivirus strains isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) group mosquitoes. | culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific flavivirus that was first reported in 2007 in japan. cxfv strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex pipiens l. group mosquitoes and genetically characterized in toyama prefecture, japan, from 2004 to 2009, to reveal host specificity, mode of transmission, and seasonal and geographical distribution. the minimum infection rate (mir) of cxfv within cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations was 0.3 and much lower than that within cx. pip ... | 2013 | 23540117 |
| comparison of pyrethroid resistance in adults and larvae of culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) from four field populations in china. | the susceptibility of adults and larvae from four field populations of culex pipiens pallens (coguillett) (diptera: culicidae) in china to deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and permethrin was investigated using the world health organization standard susceptibility test methods. one to 2 d old nonblood fed female mosquitoes emerged from pupae resulting from wild-caught larvae (f1 laboratory reared adults) were exposed to various doses of the pyrethroids. the larval bioassay was conducted using a r ... | 2013 | 23448052 |
| identification of culex complex species using snp markers based on high-resolution melting analysis. | mosquitoes belonging to the culex pipiens complex are primary vectors for diseases such as west nile encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, many arboviruses, as well as lymphatic filariases. despite sharing physiological characteristics, each mosquito species within the culex complex has unique behavioural and reproductive traits that necessitate a proper method of identification. unfortunately, morphometric methods of distinguishing members of this complex have failed to yield consistent re ... | 2013 | 23437840 |
| chilodonella uncinata is not pathogenic to culex pipiens mosquitoes. | chilodonella uncinata was previously reported to be pathogenic to culex and other mosquitoes based on the observation of high densities of ciliates inside of dead mosquito larvae. here, we tested whether co-culturing cx. pipiens with ch. uncinata resulted in decreased survival of the mosquito larvae. we find no evidence that ch. uncinata is pathogenic to cx. pipiens. we suggest that ch. uncinata may instead feed on already deceased larvae. | 2013 | 23413784 |
| avian haemosporidians in haematophagous insects in the czech republic. | the degree to which avian haemosporidian parasites can exploit different vectors as a definitive host has ecological implications for their transmission and biogeography. studies targeting haemosporidian parasites using precise molecular detection methods are almost lacking in central europe, however. here, we utilized pcr-based molecular methods to detect avian haemosporidians in insect vectors in the czech republic. nine lineages of parasites belonging to three genera, haemoproteus, plasmodium ... | 2013 | 23224608 |
| scanning electron microscopic studies on egg surface morphology and morphometrics of culex pipiens pipiens (lin.) (northern house mosquito) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) (southern house mosquito) (diptera: culicidae). | during this study the surface morphology and morphometric of culex pipiens pipiens (lin.) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) eggs were described and compared using scanning electron microscopy for the first time. the results indicate that eggs of both species appear to be similar to great extent in surface morphology. however, morphometric provide 71.621% demarking attributes out of 44 attributes at various significant levels (p < 0.05-0.001), i.e., egg length, width and ratio of length/width, att ... | 2012 | 23214217 |
| elongation of in vitro cultured ovarian follicles in the mosquito, culex pipiens pallens. | ovarian follicles dissected from female culex pipiens pallens 3 d after a blood meal were cultured in pbs-based medium and morphological changes were recorded as time-lapse movies. the dissected follicles, already reaching stage iii, were ovoid in shape, ca 300 μm long, and 180 μm wide. the oocyte had almost finished yolk protein uptake, and the cytoplasm was filled entirely with yolk granules. from 2 to 4 h after the culture started, the follicles started to elongate dramatically to reach a len ... | 2013 | 23201431 |
| effects of insect growth regulators on the mosquito-parasitic nematode romanomermis iyengari. | pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, and azadirachtin, an ecdysone agonist, are three insect growth regulators (igrs) considered as selective and effective insecticides for mosquitoes. romanomermis iyengari (welch) is a mosquito-parasitic mermithid that can provide biological control against many medically important mosquito species. the compatibility of these two control tactics was tested by evaluating the sublethal effects of exposure to igr ... | 2013 | 23180130 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal activity of several essential oils from hypericum species from tunisia. | the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from some tunisian hypericum species and their larvicidal activity against culex pipiens larvae were evaluated. the chemical compositions of the essential oils from the aerial plant parts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. one hundred and thirty-four compounds were identified, ranging between 85.1 and 95.4 % of the oil's composition. the components were monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene ... | 2013 | 23180126 |
| identification of tct, a novel knockdown resistance allele mutation and analysis of resistance detection methods in the voltage-gated na⁺ channel of culex pipiens pallens from shandong province, china. | the present study aimed to investigate deltamethrin resistance in culex pipiens pallens (c. pipiens pallens) mosquitoes and its correlation with knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. in addition, mosquito‑resistance testing methods were analyzed. using specific primers in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and allele-specific (as)-pcr, kdr gene sequences isolated from wild c. pipiens pallens mosquitoes were sequenced. linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between the muta ... | 2013 | 23151871 |
| juvenile hormone iii suppresses forkhead of transcription factor in the fat body and reduces fat accumulation in the diapausing mosquito, culex pipiens. | juvenile hormone (jh) controls diverse physiological and developmental events including diapause and nutrient metabolism. the focal point of endocrine regulation in adult reproductive diapause is initiated by a halt of jh synthesis. in diapausing females of the mosquito culex pipiens, the other key molecular event is the signalling pathway from insulin to forkhead of transcription factor (foxo). we hypothesized that a halt of jh synthesis is related to activation of foxo, which results in increa ... | 2013 | 23121109 |
| biological and chemical study of astragalus gombiformis. | extracts of aerial parts and roots of wild astragalus gombiformis pomel were tested for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities and contents of phenolic compounds. antibacterial activity was tested by the paper disk agar diffusion method and determination of the minimal inhibitor concentration. among the tested extracts, three extracts (methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) from aerial parts and two extracts (water, methanol) from roots exhibited diameters of inhibition ... | 2012 | 23016275 |
| bioactivity of dianthus caryophyllus, lepidium sativum, pimpinella anisum, and illicium verum essential oils and their major components against the west nile vector culex pipiens. | mosquitoes constitute a severe health problem in many areas all over the world. there are many regions of the tropics and subtropics where mosquitoes are one of the main reasons for inhibiting the economic upgrade. except nuisance, their medical importance is another matter of attention since mosquitoes are vectors for a wide variety of vector-borne diseases. due to disadvantages of currently used chemical control methods, it is unavoidable to search for eco-friendly new molecules. we report her ... | 2012 | 22955447 |
| host cues induce egg hatching and pre-parasitic foraging behaviour in the mosquito parasitic nematode, strelkovimermis spiculatus. | the responses of eggs in diapause and the infective stage of the nematode, strelkovimermis spiculatus, to larvae of its host, culex pipiens pipiens, were investigated in the laboratory. the results indicated that the presence of the host induced the egg hatching. the hatching rate increased when larger numbers of host larvae were present. second instar mosquito larvae induced significantly higher hatching rates than any other stages. these findings explain how s. spiculatus synchronizes its life ... | 2012 | 22935096 |
| first isolation of an entomobirnavirus from free-living insects. | drosophila x virus (dxv), the prototype entomobirnavirus, is a well-studied rna virus model. its origin is unknown, and so is that of the only other entomobirnavirus, espirito santo virus (esv). we isolated an entomobirnavirus tentatively named culex y virus (cyv) from hibernating culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in germany. cyv was detected in three pools consisting of 11 mosquitoes each. full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses suggested that cyv and esv define one sister species to dx ... | 2012 | 22875257 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel anthranilic diamides containing acylthiourea and acylurea. | two series of anthranilic diamides containing acylthiourea and acylurea linkers were designed and synthesized, with changed length and flexibility of the linkers to compare to known anthranilic diamide insecticides. in total, 26 novel compounds were synthesized, and all compounds were characterized by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm (mythimna separata), mosquito larvae (culex pipiens pallens), and diam ... | 2012 | 22812664 |
| diurnal resting behavior of adult culex pipiens in an arid habitat in israel and possible control measurements with toxic sugar baits. | the distribution of resting culex pipiens s.l., l. in vegetation at the margins of breeding sites and the effects of a narrow, surrounding, sprayed belt of sugar, food dye and toxin on adult mosquitoes were studied near two pairs of control and experimental sewage ponds close to human habitation in the judean hills. control belts were without toxin. a sprayed belt of sugar and toxin 0.5 m from the water gradually reduced the population to an average of 38.3 mosquitoes per trap, 7.6% of the highe ... | 2012 | 22750479 |
| evaluation of naturally occurring curcuminoids and related compounds against mosquito larvae. | the three curcuminoid components commonly isolated from curcuma longa, curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (3) were separated and isolated from a commercially available turmeric extract product in high purity and sufficient amounts. three more derivatives of curcumin, the di-o-demethylcurcumin (4), di-o-methylcurcumin (5) and the di-o-acetylcurcumin (6) were also synthesized and characterized. all six compounds were evaluated for their larvicidal effect against the mos ... | 2012 | 22634203 |
| immune peptides modelling of culex pipiens sp by in silico methods. | in the past 60 years, antibiotics have been critical in the fight against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and other microbes. development of resistance to the antibiotics is emerging as a major public health issue which has resulted in the search for new antibiotics in order to maintain a pool of effective drugs at all times. currently, there is a great interest in cationic peptides as antibiotics. these are reported to destroy the host cell membrane rather interacting with the other cell ... | 2012 | 22585238 |
| predation ability and non-consumptive effects of notonecta sellata (heteroptera: notonectidae) on immature stages of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | predators may have multiple effects on prey, including the mortality caused by consumption, but also non-consumptive effects when prey alter their life history traits in the presence of predators. this study aimed to describe the consumption ability and the non-consumptive effects of notonecta sellata (heteroptera: notonectidae) on immature stages of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). results showed that adult n. sellata were capable of preying on all larval instars, although they consumed more ... | 2012 | 22548560 |
| first record of a mosquito iridescent virus in culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae). | the mosquito iridescent viruses (mivs) are large icosahedral dna viruses that replicate and assemble in the cytoplasm of the host. paracrystalline arrangements of virions that accumulate in the cytoplasm produce an iridescent color that is symptomatic of acute infections. in august 2010, we found larvae of culex pipiens with these symptoms in suburban ditches around the city of la plata, argentina. electron microscope studies, dna sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein ... | 2012 | 22543633 |
| effects of nutrition and density in culex pipiens. | mosquito larvae face numerous biotic and abiotic challenges that affect their development and survivorship, as well as adult fitness. we conducted two experiments under semi-natural conditions to evaluate the effects of intraspecific competition, nutrient limitation and sub-lethal doses of malathion on individual life history traits in adult culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). in the first experiment, larvae of cx. pipiens were reared at different intraspecific densities and exposed to sub-letha ... | 2012 | 22390256 |
| rehydration driven rnai: a novel approach for effectively delivering dsrna to mosquito larvae. | the soft bodies and aquatic habitats of mosquito larvae pose a challenge for applying standard rna-interference techniques to silence expression of target genes. here we describe a novel technique for delivering double-stranded rna into mosquito larvae by exploiting the larva's dehydration tolerance. larvae were dehydrated in a nacl solution and then rehydrated in water containing double-stranded rna. using larvae of culex pipiens (l.) we demonstrated the principle by knocking down expression of ... | 2012 | 22308791 |
| enhanced toxicity of binary mixtures of larvicidal constituents from asarum heterotropoides root to culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicity of pellitorine alone or in combination with (-)-asarinin, alpha-asarone, methyleugenol, or pentadecane (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1 ratios) to third instars from an insecticide-susceptible ks-cp strain and -resistant dj-cp colony of culex pipiens pallens coquillett was evaluated using a direct-contact mortality bioassay. the binary mixture of pellitorine and (-)-asarinin (3:1 ratio) was significantly more toxic against ks-cp larvae (0.95 mg/liter) and dj-cp larvae (1.07 mg/liter) th ... | 2012 | 22308778 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 october 2011-30 november 2011. | this article documents the addition of 139 microsatellite marker loci and 90 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: aglaoctenus lagotis, costus pulverulentus, costus scaber, culex pipiens, dascyllus marginatus, lupinus nanus benth, phloeomyzus passerini, podarcis muralis, rhododendron rubropilosum hayata var. taiwanalpinum and zoarces viviparus. these loci were cross-tested on the foll ... | 2012 | 22296658 |
| inherited preferential segregation in translocation heterozygotes of the mosquito,culex pipiens l. | the present paper deals with crossing experiments on translocation heterozygotes in the mosquitoculex pipiens l. it is shown that the ratio of euploid and aneuploid gametes is determined by two allelomorphs of one single inheritable factor. these experiments agree with our hypothesis that the ratio of segregation types in a translocation heterozygous organism (alternate and adjacent) is determined by a series of multiple alleles of a single mendelian factor. | 1975 | 24419468 |
| [gene mapping on the salivary gland chromosomes of the mosquito culex pipiens l]. | crossing experiments were done with several mutations and aberrant lines of the mosquito culex pipiens l. gene loci and chromosomal structure could be correlated by comparing crossover rates of mutations with breakage points of chromosomal aberrations in the larval salivary gland chromosomes. this confirms linkage groups and their correlated chromosomes.before comparing crossover rates in one chromosome in different experiments, the problem of different crossover rates between two distinct facto ... | 1975 | 24419502 |
| comperative studies with culex pipiens egg rafts. immunogenetic, electrophoretic and enzymatic analysis of unfertilized, compatible and incompatible fertilized eggs. | by applying immunologic, electrophoretic and enzymatic methods, extracts of different raft types of culex pipiens were analysed. rafts of the crosses pa x pa and ha x ha contained four common antigens, while unfertilized rafts of pa and ha (no antisera were prepared against them) and rafts of the crosses og x og, og x pa, and pa x og shared three common antigens with the remaining raft extracts. disk-electrophoresis of raft extracts in acrylamide gel resulted in different electropherograms. ten ... | 1974 | 24425457 |
| | the intertidal midge clunio marinus is distributed along the european coast-line. stocks from distinct locations differ in the programming of their emergence time. they represent ecological races. the crossability between 7 stocks was examined.between some stocks a non-reciprocal cross sterility has been found, characterized by fertile hybrids in one cross direction, and no offspring in the reciprocal crosses.the cross jean ♀xsan ♂ was fertile, while the cross san ♀xjean ♂ was sterile. after thr ... | 1971 | 28312441 |
| laboratory studies of the microsporidian plistophora culicis (weiser) infecting culex pipiens fatigans wied. | | 1970 | 22894851 |
| [genetic investigations on the incompatibility in the culex pipiens complex]. | in crosses between populations of the mosquito culex pipiens of different geographical origin three crossing types have been found (1) crosses with normal offspring (2) crosses with reduced offspring and (3) crosses that show almost total incompatibility. in the case of incompatible crosses 99.9% of the developing embryos are lethal and only about 0.1% of the embryos hatch and develop into fertile diploid females. the origin of the exceptional diploid females has been investigated by means of th ... | 1970 | 24435845 |
| [organisation, capacity for regeneration and differentiation of leg primordia of culex pipiens (l.)]. | 1. discs of the foreleg ofculex pipiens transplanted from the fourth instar of larvae into larval hosts of the same age differentiate normal adult organs. 2. experiments in fragmentation indicate the position of the primordia of individual parts of the leg in the disc. in addition to this certain structural elements can be located within parts of the leg. 3. among the majority of host larvae the operation results in a prolongation of the fourth larval instar. in whole discs as well as in disc fr ... | 1969 | 28304490 |
| [report on the level of sensitivity to ddt, dieldrin and benzene hexachloride of culex pipiens fatigans in the region of bobo-dioulasso, haute-volta, french west africa]. | | 2017 | 13585052 |
| [genetic study of two characters of pigmentation of culex autogenicus roubaud]. | | 1950 | 24539234 |