| The prevalence and clinical significance of urethritis and cervicitis in asymptomatic people by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | Our purpose was to conduct a screening test for urethritis or cervicitis as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in asymptomatic people. | 2011 | 22087366 |
| [advances in research of dihydroartemisinin against parasitic diseases]. | dihydroartemisinin, the main metabolite of artemisinin and two artemisinin derivatives, artemether and artesunate, is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug. the present paper systematically reviews the advances in research of dihydroartemisinin against plasmodium, schistosoma, pneumocystis, toxoplasma, trichomonas vaginalis, leishmania, giardia lamblia. | 2011 | 22164870 |
| the core components of organelle biogenesis and membrane transport in the hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist of the excavata group. it contains an anaerobic form of mitochondria called hydrogenosomes, which produce hydrogen and atp; the majority of mitochondrial pathways and the organellar genome were lost during the mitochondrion-to-hydrogenosome transition. consequently, all hydrogenosomal proteins are encoded in the nucleus and imported into the organelles. however, little is known about the membrane machineries required for biogenesis of the organelle an ... | 2011 | 21935410 |
| utility of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in trichomonas vaginalis-infected women with clinical treatment failure. | antimicrobial resistance is one of the causes of treatment failure in women after standard nitroimidazole therapy for trichomonas vaginalis infections. the centers for disease control and prevention provides drug susceptibility testing and guidance for treatment failures but the efficacy of the alternate recommendations has not been assessed. | 2011 | 21934577 |
| Redox-active antiparasitic drugs. | Significance: Parasitic diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and represent major health problems. Treatment is becoming extremely difficult due to the emergence of drug-resistance, the absence of effective vaccines and the spread of insecticide-resistant vectors. Thus, identification of affordable and readily available drugs against resistant parasites is of global demand. Recent Advances: Susceptibility of many parasites to oxidative stress is a well-known phenomenon. There ... | 2011 | 22122517 |
| interaction of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus with keratin: an important role in parasite infection. | trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are human and bovine parasites, respectively, that provoke the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. these extracellular parasites adhere to the host epithelial cell surface. although mucinases and proteases have been described as important proteins for parasite adhesion to epithelial cells, no studies have examined the role of the keratin molecules that cornify the vaginal epithelium. here, we investigated the interaction of t. vaginalis an ... | 2011 | 22012224 |
| a prospective study of vaginal trichomoniasis and hiv-1 shedding in women on antiretroviral therapy. | trichomonas vaginalis has been associated with increased vaginal hiv-1 rna shedding in antiretroviral therapy (art)-naïve women. the effect of trichomoniasis on vaginal hiv-1 shedding in art-treated women has not been characterized. we tested the hypothesis that t. vaginalis infection would increase vaginal hiv-1 rna shedding in women on art, and that successful treatment would reduce vaginal hiv-1 rna levels. | 2011 | 22047086 |
| UDP-xylose and UDP-galactose synthesis in Trichomonas vaginalis. | The presence of xylose and galactose residues in the structure of trichomonad lipoglycans was indicated by previous studies and the modification of any glycoconjugate with either monosaccharide requires the respective presence of the nucleotide sugars, UDP-xylose and UDP-galactose. Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose de novo is mediated by UDP-xylose synthase (UXS; UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase), which converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose, whereas UDP-galactose can be generated from UDP-glucose ... | 2012 | 22008417 |
| Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of palladium(II) salicylaldiminato thiosemicarbazone complexes against Trichomonas vaginalis. | Eight mononuclear Pd(II) complexes containing salicylaldiminato thiosemicarbazones (saltsc-R; where R=H (1), 3-OMe (2), 3-(t)Bu (3) and 5-Cl (4)) as dinegative tridentate ligands were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding thiosemicarbazone with the precursor Pd(L)(2)Cl(2) (L=phosphatriazaadamantane or 4-picoline) in the presence of a weak base. These complexes (9-16) were characterised by a range of spectroscopic and analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. ... | 2011 | 22071079 |
| Pathogenic lower genital tract organisms in HIV-infected and uninfected women, and their association with postpartum infectious morbidity. | To determine the prevalence of vaginal pathogens during pregnancy and their impact on postpartum infectious morbidity among antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected, and HIV-uninfected, women. | 2011 | 21920099 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host-parasite interactions. | Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted obligate extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract. Despite being of critical importance to the parasite's survival relatively little is known about the mechanisms employed by T. vaginalis to establish an infection and thrive within its host. Several studies have focused on the interaction of the parasite with host cells and extracellular matrix, identifying multiple suspected T. vaginalis adhesins. However, with the exceptio ... | 2011 | 22023448 |
| evaluation and management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescent males presenting to a pediatric emergency department: is the chief complaint diagnostic? | the objectives of the study were to (1) describe evaluation and treatment patterns for adolescent males presenting with a concern for sexually transmitted infection (sti) in a pediatric emergency department, (2) assess the rates of stis in symptomatic males, and (3) determine the utility of urinalysis alone in predicting stis in adolescent males. | 2011 | 22068065 |
| NF-?B and CREB are involved in IL-8 production of human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated lumen-dwelling extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis via sexual intercourse. Human neutrophils play a crucial role in acute tissue inflammatory responses in T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism of neutrophil responses when stimulated with T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP), which were collected from 1×10(7) live trichomonads. Incubation of human neutrophils isolated from perip ... | 2011 | 22072831 |
| Genetic characterization of three Cuban Trichomonas vaginalis virus. Phylogeny of Totiviridae family. | Trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses known as T. vaginalis virus (TVV). This viral infection may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. In this study we identified and genetic characterized three strains of TVVs isolated from T. vaginalis in Cuba. The three new predicted sequences of capsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase amounted to the previously determined 20 TVV sequences and other 21 viruses of Totiv ... | 2012 | 22075038 |
| three-year history of transcription-mediated amplification-based trichomonas vaginalis analyte-specific reagent testing in a subacute care patient population. | a total of 7,899 specimens submitted for live clinical trichomonas vaginalis analyte-specific reagent (asr) screening from 2008 to 2010 were audited on the basis of patient gender, specimen source, molecular neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis results, and relative light unit (rlu) data yielded by t. vaginalis asr. only 1.4% of the screening was ordered by emergency department clinicians. the screening volume in 2010 was 126% higher than that in 2008. the proportions of annual female ... | 2011 | 21998416 |
| The association between Trichomonas infection and incarceration in HIV-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women. | The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis is higher among incarcerated women than in the general community. We sought to determine whether a history of incarceration itself was independently associated with trichomoniasis. | 2011 | 22082718 |
| characterization of rnase mrp rna and novel snornas from giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis. | eukaryotic cells possess a complex network of rna machineries which function in rna-processing and cellular regulation which includes transcription, translation, silencing, editing and epigenetic control. studies of model organisms have shown that many ncrnas of the rna-infrastructure are highly conserved, but little is known from non-model protists. in this study we have conducted a genome-scale survey of medium-length ncrnas from the protozoan parasites giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vag ... | 2011 | 22053856 |
| the trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosome proteome is highly reduced relative to mitochondria, yet complex compared with mitosomes. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis lacks conventional mitochondria and instead contains divergent mitochondrial-related organelles. these double-membrane bound organelles, called hydrogenosomes, produce molecular hydrogen. phylogenetic and biochemical analyses of hydrogenosomes indicate a common origin with mitochondria; however identification of hydrogenosomal proteins and studies on its metabolism have been limited. here we provide a detailed proteomic analysis of the t. vaginalis hydrog ... | 2011 | 22079833 |
| Murine models of vaginal trichomonad infections. | Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus cause common sexually transmitted infections in humans and cattle, respectively. Mouse models of trichomoniasis are important for pathogenic and therapeutic studies. Here, we compared murine genital infections with T. vaginalis and T. foetus. Persistent vaginal infection with T. foetus was established with 100 parasites but T. vaginalis infection required doses of 10(6), perhaps because of greater susceptibility to killing by mouse vaginal polymorp ... | 2011 | 21976570 |
| identification of putative mirnas from the deep-branching unicellular flagellates. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of extensively studied rnai-associated small rnas that play a critical role in eukaryotic gene regulation. however, knowledge on the mirna and its regulation in unicellular eukaryotes is very limited. in order to obtain a better understanding on the origin of mirna regulation system, we used deep-sequencing technology to investigate the mirna expression pattern in four deep-branching unicellular flagellates: giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis, tritrichomonas fo ... | 2011 | 22120185 |
| trichomonas vaginalis pathobiology new insights from the genome sequence. | the draft genome of the common sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis encodes one of the largest known proteome with 60,000 candidate proteins. this provides parasitologists and molecular cell biologists alike with exciting, yet challenging, opportunities to unravel the molecular features of the parasite's cellular systems and potentially the molecular basis of its pathobiology. here, recent investigations addressing selected aspects of the parasite's molecular cell biology are disc ... | 2011 | 22137583 |
| antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of voacanga globosa (blanco) merr. leaf extract (apocynaceae). | to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of leaves of voacanga globosa (blanco) merr. (v. globosa). | 2011 | 22014741 |
| comparison of dacron and nylon-flocked self-collected vaginal swabs and urine for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis using analyte-specific reagents in a transcription-mediated amplification assay. | objectivesto compare self-collected vaginal swab (scvs) types and first-catch urine (fcu) to diagnose trichomonas vaginalis using analyte-specific reagents designed to be used in a transcription-mediated amplification assay.methodsa total of 241 women (group a) collected a fcu and a scvs using a dacron swab (aptima collection kit). a second group of 289 women (group b) collected two scvs using one dacron swab and one nylon-flocked swab.resultsof 75 young women (street youth) determined to be inf ... | 2011 | 22166474 |
| a machine-learning approach to identify hydrogenosomal proteins in trichomonas vaginalis. | the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most widespread non-viral sexually transmitted disease in humans. it possesses hydrogenosomes - anaerobic mitochondria that generate h(2), co(2), and acetate from pyruvate while converting adp to atp via substrate level phosphorylation. t. vaginalis hydrogenosomes lack a genome and translation machinery, hence they import all their proteins from the cytosol, but to date only 30 imported proteins have been ... | 2011 | 22140228 |
| chemical structure of trichomonas vaginalis surface lipoglycan: a role for short galactose (β1-4/3) n-acetylglucosamine repeats in host cell interaction. | the extracellular parasite trichomonas vaginalis contains a surface glycoconjugate that appears to mediate parasite-host cell interaction via binding to human galectin-1. this glycoconjugate also elicits cytokine production from human vaginal epithelial cells, implicating its role in modulation of host immune responses. we have analyzed the structure of this glycoconjugate, previously described to contain the sugars rhamnose (rha), n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac), galactose (gal), xylose (xyl), n-a ... | 2011 | 21900246 |
| molecular testing for trichomonas vaginalis in women: results from a prospective u.s. clinical trial. | trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to infection with other pathogenic sexually transmitted microorganisms. nucleic acid amplification tests for trichomonas vaginalis have improved sensitivity for detecting infected individuals compared to existing culture-based methods. this prospective, multicenter u.s. clinical trial evaluated the performance of the automated aptima t. vaginalis assay for detecti ... | 2011 | 21940475 |
| ultrastructural changes during asexual multiple reproduction in trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, is commonly found in the genitourinary tract of humans. its mode of reproduction has always been reported to be binary fission. the high parasite numbers seen in a relatively short period in in vitro cultures led us to believe that there must be other modes of reproduction. the present study for the first time provides transformational evidence at the ultrastructural level seen in tropohozoites of t. vaginalis undergoing a multiple asexual ... | 2011 | 22076052 |
| first report of anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of the medicinal plant polygala decumbens from the brazilian semi-arid region, caatinga. | trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. actually, the infection treatment is based on 5-nitroimidazole drugs. however, an emergent number of resistant isolates makes important the search for new therapeutic arsenal. in this sense, the investigation of plants and their metabolites is an interesting approach. in the present study, the anti-t. vaginalis activity of 44 aqueous extracts from 23 caati ... | 2011 | 22205352 |
| [which is the best empirical treatment in patients with urethritis?]. | to know the best empirical treatment of urethritis in patients at the city center of madrid. | 2011 | 21947096 |
| antiprotozoal activity of proton-pump inhibitors. | parasitic diseases are still a major health problem in developing countries. in our effort to find new antiparasitic agents, in this letter we report the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole against trichomonas vaginalis, giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica. molecular modeling studies were an important tool to highlight the potential antiprotozoal activity of these drugs. experimental evaluations revealed a strong activity for all c ... | 2011 | 22047694 |
| [incidence in sivas of trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginitis]. | objective: trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common disease among women and an important public health problem. the present study is performed to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis among the 258 women admitted to sivas state hospital, gynecology department with a variety of symptoms and vaginitis. the ages of patients ranges from 17 to 80 years. methods: during the gynecologic examination two samples were taken from the vagina fornix and the first one was placed ... | 2011 | 22203503 |
| sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviors among african american women who have sex with women: does sex with men make a difference? | we sought to determine the prevalence of infection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, syphilis, and hiv among african american women who have sex with women (aawsw), and compare sociodemographics, sexual risk behavior characteristics, and sti diagnoses among women reporting sex exclusively with women (exclusive aawsw) to women reporting sex with both women and men (aawswm) during the past 12 months. | 2011 | 22082722 |
| cytology and clinical spectrum of sexually transmitted infections in lebanese women as revealed by pap smear: a cross-sectional study from 2002-2006. | to study the cytology profile of cervical smears and the respective prevalence and incidence of certain cervico-vaginal infections detectable by routine pap smear cytology in lebanese women from 2002 to 2006. pap smear cytology results were compiled from the archives of the institut national de pathologie for the period extending from 2002 until 2006. this study covered 118,230 cervical specimens obtained from lebanese women attending clinics and hospitals in all the five districts of lebanon; p ... | 2011 | 22023770 |
| Modified Field stain - rapid viability test for Trichomonas vaginalis. | Aims: We previously reported that Modified Field Stain (MF) can be used as a rapid stain for diagnosis. In the present study we extend the observation to include the stain as an alternative method to assess viability of the cells. Methods and Results: Six isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were used to assess the utility of the Modified Field stain as a rapid viability test for T. vaginalis and to compare with 0·4% Trypan Blue dye exclusion test in three conditions; normal in vitro culture grow ... | 2012 | 22040369 |
| Involvement of mast cells in inflammation induced by Trichomonas vaginalis via crosstalk with vaginal epithelial cells. | Vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) are thought to function as immune-responsive cells in trichomoniasis, and mast cells have been detected in vaginal smears and the vaginal wall in trichomoniasis. It therefore seemed possible that the VEC-trichomonad reaction might affect the activity of mast cells present in the lamina propria of the vaginal mucosa. In this study, we tested whether culture supernatants of VEC incubated with Trichomonas vaginalis (TCM) could stimulate mast cells. When VECs (MS74) w ... | 2012 | 21981317 |
| APTIMA® Trichomonas vaginalis, a transcription-mediated amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. | The APTIMA(®) Trichomonas vaginalis (APTIMA TV; Gen-Probe Inc.) assay is the only amplification-based assay for T. vaginalis (TV) currently cleared by the US FDA. The assay was cleared in April 2011. APTIMA TV utilizes target capture specimen processing, transcription-mediated amplification and chemiluminescent probe hybridization for the qualitative detection of TV ribosomal RNA. The assay is used for the screening/diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. Specimen types that can be used include ph ... | 2011 | 21902528 |
| [Early diagnosis and correlations of sexually transmitted infections among women in primary care health services]. | Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in women remain a public health challenge due to high prevalence, difficulties to implement early diagnosis strategies and high rates of complications. | 2011 | 22069014 |
| Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda. | Background. The importance of Mycoplasma genitalium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burdened sub-Saharan Africa is relatively unknown. We assessed the prevalence and explored determinants of this emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI) in high-risk women in Uganda. Methods. Endocervical swabs from 1025 female sex workers in Kampala were tested for Mycoplasma genitalium using a commercial Real-TM polymerase chain reaction assay. Factors associated with prevalent Mycoplasma genitalium, ... | 2012 | 22102734 |
| pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfo) is a surface-associated cell-binding protein in trichomonas vaginalis and is involved in trichomonal adherence to host cells. | the trichomonas vaginalis 120 kda protein adhesin (ap120) is induced under iron-rich conditions and has sequence homology with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase a (pfo a), a hydrogenosomal enzyme that is absent in humans. this homology raises the possibility that, like ap120, pfo might be localized to the parasite surface and participate in cytoadherence. here, the cellular localization and function of pfo that was expressed under various iron concentrations was investigated using a polyclonal ... | 2011 | 22130740 |
| The viral RNA-based transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. | Here we have developed methods to transiently and stably transfect the human pathogenic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. The viral RNA-based transfection vector pTVV-EGFP/NEO was constructed by using enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) and neomycin resistance gene (NEO) in tandem to replace the whole gene encoding region of T. vaginalis virus (TVV). The in vitro transcripts of linearized pTVV-EGFP/NEO were electroporated into trophozoites and the transfectants transiently expressed EGFP ... | 2011 | 21861063 |
| a highly organized structure mediating nuclear localization of a myb2 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | nuclear proteins usually contain specific peptide sequences, referred to as nuclear localization signals (nlss), for nuclear import. these signals remain unexplored in the protozoan pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis. the nuclear import of a myb2 transcription factor was studied here using immunodetection of a hemagglutinin-tagged myb2 overexpressed in the parasite. the tagged myb2 was localized to the nucleus as punctate signals. with mutations of its polybasic sequences, 48kkqk51 and 61kr62, myb2 ... | 2011 | 22021237 |
| [Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in sex workers]. | Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) usually associated to vaginitis, urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause infertility. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to determine Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in a population of male and female sex workers in Mendoza, Argentina. A cohort of 720 people who attended the STI Program in this province was retrospectively analyzed. From February 2007 up to June 2009, 1692 samples were pro ... | 2011 | 22057167 |
| chlamydial infection in a high risk population: association with vaginal flora patterns. | purpose: this study aimed to determine the frequency of chlamydia trachomatis (ct) infection among high risk brazilian women and evaluate its association with vaginal flora patterns. methods: this was a cross-sectional study, performed in an outpatient clinic of bauru state hospital, são paulo, brazil. a total of 142 women were included from 2006 to 2008. inclusion criteria was dyspareunia, pain during bimanual exam, presence of excessive cervical mucus, cervical ectopy or with three or more epi ... | 2011 | 21938501 |
| Refractory Trichomoniasis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Subjects. | Trichomonas vaginalis, a common pathogen, remains widely unknown to the public. Its clinical consequences include upper genital tract infection, increased risk of preterm delivery, and increased risk of HIV transmission. Diagnostic tests, especially in men, have historically had low sensitivity, but the recent development of rapid, reliable point-of-care testing is a step toward improved detection. Reliable treatments for trichomoniasis are limited to the nitroimidazoles, and options for cases w ... | 2011 | 21922351 |
| ongoing sexually transmitted disease acquisition and risk-taking behavior among us hiv-infected patients in primary care: implications for prevention interventions. | to better understand the factors associated with hiv- and sexually transmitted disease (std)-transmitting behavior among hiv-infected persons, we estimated std prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors among a diverse sample of hiv-infected patients in primary care. | 2012 | 22183836 |
| sexual assault and abuse of children. | testing for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in children presents a number of problems for the practitioner that are not usually faced when testing adults for the same infections. the identification of an sti in a child can have, in addition to medical implications, serious legal implications. the presence of an sti is often used to support the presence or allegations, or, in some cases, may prompt an investigation of possible abuse. the purpose of this paper is to review the recent data o ... | 2011 | 22080264 |
| [research progress on the molecular pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis]. | trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human sexually transmitted pathogens that colonize the urogenital mucosa. this paper reviews those factors in the molecular pathogenesis of the parasite, including cell adhesin, interaction with fibronectin and laminin, g-proteins, pore-forming protein and proteinases. | 2011 | 21970114 |
| response to 'trichomonas vaginalis among multiethnic female uk students'. | | 2011 | 21917700 |
| [Effects of the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis on ferredoxin gene]. | We isolated 30 Trichomonas vaginalis for the PCR detection from the gynecological outpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University using the specific 16s rDNA primers of Mycoplasma hominis. The results showed that there were 25 cases of Mycoplasma hominis infection, with the infection rate of 83.33%. This gave a clew that the symbiosis of Trichomonas vaginalis with Mycoplasma hominis may be of certain generality in China. We sequenced the ferredoxin gene of 10 Trichomonas vaginalis ... | 2011 | 21936384 |
| Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries. | To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing ... | 2011 | 22096049 |
| Structure of the Trichomonas vaginalis Myb3 DNA-binding domain bound to a promoter sequence reveals a unique C-terminal ß-hairpin conformation. | Trichomonas vaginalis Myb3 transcription factor (tvMyb3) recognizes the MRE-1 promoter sequence and regulates ap65-1 gene, which encodes a hydrogenosomal malic enzyme that may play a role in the cytoadherence of the parasite. Here, we identified tvMyb3(53-180) as the essential fragment for DNA recognition and report the crystal structure of tvMyb3(53-180) bound to MRE-1 DNA. The N-terminal fragment adopts the classical conformation of an Myb DNA-binding domain, with the third helices of R2 and R ... | 2012 | 21908401 |
| Iron-saturated lactoferrin and pathogenic protozoa: could this protein be an iron source for their parasitic style of life? | Iron is an essential nutrient for the survival of pathogens inside a host. As a general strategy against microbes, mammals have evolved complex iron-withholding systems for efficiently decreasing the iron accessible to invaders. Pathogens that inhabit the respiratory, intestinal and genitourinary tracts encounter an iron-deficient environment on the mucosal surface, where ferric iron is chelated by lactoferrin, an extracellular glycoprotein of the innate immune system. However, parasitic protozo ... | 2012 | 22191452 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis genital infections: progress and challenges. | Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. Most TV infections are asymptomatic, and the accurate diagnosis of this infection has been limited by lack of sufficiently sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, particularly for men. To provide updates for the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted of all TV literature ... | 2011 | 22080269 |
| access to health services and sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of relocating african american public housing residents: an association between travel time and infection. | background:: high incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (sti) in blacks have been attributed to multiple factors. however, few articles have discussed spatial access to healthcare as a driver of disparities. the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between travel time to a healthcare provider and the likelihood of testing positive for 1 of 3 stis in a sample of adults living in public housing. methods:: one hundred and eight black adults in atlanta, ga ... | 2012 | 22249300 |
| leukotriene b(4) receptors blt1 and blt2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis. although t. vaginalis itself can secrete lipid mediator leukotriene (lt) b(4) leading to neutrophil activation, information regarding the signaling mechanism involved in neutrophil activation induced by t. vaginalis-secreted ltb(4) is limited. we investigated whether ltb(4) contained in the t. vaginalis-derived secretory products (tvsp) is closely involved in interleukin (il)-8 production in human neutrop ... | 2012 | 22215047 |
| validation of novel fluorescence assays for the routine screening of drug susceptibilities of trichomonas vaginalis. | objectives: to evaluate existing protocols, based on alamar blue (resazurin), for the routine determination of drug susceptibility in trichomonads, develop new ones and validate these by screening small antiprotozoal libraries. methods: the resazurin-based assay was evaluated by determining fluorescence development in trichomonas media with various cell densities after various intervals and in the presence of metronidazole. similar investigations were performed with the alternative fluorophores ... | 2012 | 22258922 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis by different methods in women from dohok province, iraq. | this study compared 4 different diagnostic methods for the detection of trichomonas vaginatis in vaginal swab specimens from women attending a hospital in dohuk in iraq. a total of 425 vaginal swabs were obtained from women complaining of vaginal discharge associated with vaginitis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. the results showed that 10 (2.4%) swabs were positive for t. vaginalis by wet smear preparation, 15 (3.5%) by haematoxylin-eosin stained smear, 17 (4.0%) by papanicolaou st ... | 2011 | 22259923 |
| transactional sexual relationships, sexually transmitted infection risk, and condom use among young black women in peri-urban areas of the western cape province of south africa. | background: transactional sexual behavior has been demonstrated as an important factor underlying the hiv epidemic in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between having a history of transactional sexual relationships with condom use and sti risk. methods: participants completed a behavioral questionnaire in isixhosa and provided self-collected vaginal swabs which were tested for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhea, and trichomonas vaginalis. multinom ... | 2012 | 22265179 |
| incidence and cytomorphological peculiarities of lower genital tract infections in vault (post hysterectomy) smears versus pap smears from non-hysterectomy subjects: a retrospective study. | to evaluate morphology and frequency of lower genital infections in (post hysterectomy) vault smears of women. | 2011 | 23024530 |
| gene diversity of trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis is protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis and is more common in high-risk behavior group such as prostitute individuals. interest in trichomoniasis is due to increase one's susceptibility to viruses such as herpes, human papillomavirus and hiv. the aim of this study was to find genotypic differences between the isolates. | 2011 | 22347304 |
| characterizing ncrnas in human pathogenic protists using high-throughput sequencing technology. | ncrnas are key genes in many human diseases including cancer and viral infection, as well as providing critical functions in pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protists. until now the identification and characterization of ncrnas associated with disease has been slow or inaccurate requiring many years of testing to understand complicated rna and protein gene relationships. high-throughput sequencing now offers the opportunity to characterize mirnas, sirnas, small nucleola ... | 2011 | 22303390 |
| translation initiation factor eif-5a, the hypusine-containing protein, is phosphorylated on serine and tyrosine and o-glycosylated in trichomonas vaginalis. | the eukaryotic translation factor eif-5a is highly conserved throughout eukaryotes and undergoes an unusual polyamine-dependent post-translational modification called hypusination. trichomonas vaginalis has two tveif-5a genes (tveif-5a1 and tveif-5a2), each encoding a 19-kda protein. in this report, we describe the detection of two forms with different isoelectric points (5.2 and 5.5) that correspond to the precursor and mature tveif-5a, respectively. in addition, we demonstrated that only the m ... | 2011 | 22212642 |
| trichomoniasis: an update. | trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) with a prevalence of 5-75%. in india, trichomoniasis accounts for 2-7% of all stis. infection with trichomonas vaginalis is known to cause vaginitis. significant association has also been noted between trichomoniasis and cervical cancer, atypical pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, low birth weight, and respiratory-tract infection in neonates. of interest are the recent documentations of association of this par ... | 2011 | 23508486 |
| hiv and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of women involved in high-risk sexual behavior in kampala, uganda. | uganda has long been successful in controlling the hiv epidemic; however, there is evidence that hiv prevalence and incidence are increasing again. data on the hiv/sti epidemic among sex workers are so far lacking from uganda. this paper describes the baseline epidemiology of hiv/sti in a newly established cohort of women involved in high-risk sexual behavior in kampala, uganda. | 2011 | 23330152 |
| cytoskeleton in trichomonads: i. immunological and biochemical comparative study of costal proteins in the genus tritrichomonas. | proteins of the whole cytoskeleton fraction obtained by triton x-100 action on several tritrichomonas species have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis. in addition to tubulins, several major protein components with molecular weights between 100 and 150 kda were separated and presumably represent costal proteins. the partial purification of the costae from the whole cytoskeleton fraction of tritrichomonas foetus treated with 0.3 m ki confirmed the presence of costal proteins in the 100-150 kda z ... | 2011 | 23195538 |
| cloning of a 1.8 kb repeated sequence for the identification and comparison of giardia intestinalis isolates. | restriction enzyme digestion of bulk dna from giardia intestinalis reveals the presence of repeated sequences. a prominent 1.8 kb band in the alu i profile was cloned into the puc8 plasmid (pgi7) and used for comparing strains. when blots of dna of 34 isolates from different geographic areas are probed with pgi7, hybridization with identical intensities can be detected. however, some strains give different hybridization patterns with several restriction enzymes. no hybridization of pgi7 can be d ... | 2011 | 23195568 |
| antimicrobial resistance of abnormal vaginal discharges microorganisms in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | to assess the prevalence of bacterial strains and fungal strains infecting the vaginal tract and test their sensitivity to antibiotics in women attending saint camille medical centre in ouagadougou. | 2012 | 23569916 |
| [statement of the polish gynecological society expert group on the use of macmiror complex 500]. | the group of experts representing the polish gynecologic society has issued this statement based on the review of available literature on the potential benefits of the use of macmiror complex 500 in obstetrical and gynecologic practice. mixed vaginitis (mv) eg. the vaginal infection caused by at least two out of the triad of pathogens (fungi, bacteria and trichomonas vaginalis [tv]), constitutes the type of vaginitis which is underestimated as for its prevalence. mixed pathogens are responsible ... | 2012 | 23488303 |
| opportunistic parasites in children with pneumococcal infection in greater cairo, egypt. | vaccination remains the primary preventive strategy in the elderly against streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza infections. however, the effectiveness of vaccines decreases with increasing age and among patients. this study evaluated the opportunistic parasites infecting vaccinated and non-vaccinated pneumococcal children. the result showed that invasive children (4%) had bacternrmid, septicemid and pneumococcal but no meningitis while the non-invasive ones (86%) had community acquired freunon ... | 2012 | 23469649 |
| the cytopathic effects of trichomonas vaginalis on fibroblast cell culture alone and with c. albicans and e. coli. | in this study, the cytopathic effects of trichomonas vaginalis were investigated in l929 mouse fibroblast cell cultures (fcc) under different conditions: only parasite, or coexistence with candida albicans and escherichia coli. | 2012 | 23339937 |
| fastannotator--an efficient transcript annotation web tool. | recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (hts) technologies have made it feasible to sequence the complete transcriptomes of non-model organisms or metatranscriptomes from environmental samples. the challenge after generating hundreds of millions of sequences is to annotate these transcripts and classify the transcripts based on their putative functions. because many biological scientists lack the knowledge to install linux-based software packages or maintain databases used for transcri ... | 2012 | 23281853 |
| [prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women attending a public hospital in chile]. | the epidemiologic rates of gonorrhea have declined steadily in chile, while the incidence of infections with trichomonas vaginalis and chlamydia trachomatis is not well known. | 2012 | 23282493 |
| characterization of specific rapd markers of virulence in trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | as for human trichomoniasis the host-parasite relationship is very complex, and the broad ranges of clinical symptoms are unlikely be attributable to a single pathogenic mechanism. specific random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers of 490 bp, 720 bp and 460 bp using the primers tv-5, opa-6 and opa-11, respectively, were reported. this was the first description of possible genetic virulence markers of the infection by t. vaginalis. the aim of this study was to characterize the specific rapd ... | 2015 | 26622300 |
| prevalence and etiologic agents of female reproductive tract infection among in-patients and out-patients of a tertiary hospital in benin city, nigeria. | reproductive tract infections are public health problems in women of reproductive age and can result in serious consequences if not treated. | 2010 | 22558550 |
| sexually transmitted infections among hiv-infected heavy drinkers in st petersburg, russia. | the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of four sexually transmitted infections (stis) among hiv-infected russians reporting heavy alcohol use and recent unprotected sex, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the hermitage study. the primary outcome was any current sti, based on urine tests for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis and serological testing for infection with treponema pallidum. dat ... | 2012 | 23258823 |
| comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of trichomonas vaginalis following adherence to fibronectin. | the morphological transformation of trichomonas vaginalis from an ellipsoid form in batch culture to an adherent amoeboid form results from the contact of parasites with vaginal epithelial cells and with immobilized fibronectin (fn), a basement membrane component. this suggests host signaling of the parasite. we applied integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the molecular responses of t. vaginalis upon binding to fn. a transcriptome analysis was performed by using larg ... | 2012 | 22927047 |
| prevalences of sexually transmitted infections in young adults and female sex workers in peru: a national population-based survey. | we assessed prevalences of seven sexually transmitted infections (stis) in peru, stratified by risk behaviours, to help to define care and prevention priorities. | 2012 | 22878023 |
| hiv and sti prevalence and determinants among male migrant workers in india. | our objective was to estimate for the first time the prevalence and determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among male migrants in india. | 2012 | 22952708 |
| genital tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, hiv, and reproductive health issues among lima-based clandestine female sex workers. | sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of 212 peruvian female sex workers (fsws) were analyzed. the association between genital tract infections (gtis) and risk factors by multivariate analysis was evaluated. eighty-eight percent of fsws were diagnosed with at least one gti (hsv-2 80.1%, bv 44.8%, candidiasis 9.9%, syphilis seropositivity 9.4%, trichomonas vaginalis 2.4%, hiv seropositivity 2.4%). reported condom use with clients was nearly universal (98.3%), but infrequent with husband ... | 2012 | 22811592 |
| the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms in pregnant women with preterm labor and preterm birth. | to investigate the risk factors for vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microorganisms among women who experienced preterm birth (ptb), we compared the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms between women who experienced preterm labor (ptl) without preterm delivery and spontaneous ptb. | 2012 | 22563554 |
| prevention of sexually transmitted infections in urban communities (peru preven): a multicomponent community-randomised controlled trial. | previous community-randomised trials of interventions to control sexually transmitted infections (stis) have involved rural settings, were rarely multicomponent, and had varying results. we aimed to assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention on curable stis in urban young adults and female sex workers (fsws). | 2012 | 22341824 |
| incentivising safe sex: a randomised trial of conditional cash transfers for hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention in rural tanzania. | the authors evaluated the use of conditional cash transfers as an hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy to incentivise safe sex. | 2012 | 22318666 |
| determinants of per-coital-act hiv-1 infectivity among african hiv-1-serodiscordant couples. | knowledge of factors that affect per-act infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is important for designing hiv-1 prevention interventions and for the mathematical modeling of the spread of hiv-1. | 2012 | 22241800 |
| simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in human immunodeficiency virus-infected brazilian women by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | we determined the prevalence of seven clinically important pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (stis) (chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus 1 [hsv-1], hsv-2, and treponema pallidum), by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) in samples from brazilian woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and uninfected brazilian women (controls). the m-pcr assay identified all stis teste ... | 2013 | 24080632 |
| human papillomavirus and other genital infections in indigenous women from paraguay: a cross-sectional analytical study. | the incidence of cervical cancer in paraguay is among the highest in the world, with the human papillomavirus (hpv) being a necessary factor for cervical cancer. knowledge about hpv infection among indigenous women is limited. this cross-sectional study analyzed the frequency of hpv and other genital infections in indigenous paraguayan women of the department of presidente hayes. | 2013 | 24206645 |
| sexually transmitted infections in women participating in a biomedical intervention trial in durban: prevalence, coinfections, and risk factors. | background. sexually transmitted infections (stis) continue to be a significant public health problem especially among women of reproductive age in africa. methods. a total of 2236 women that had enrolled in the mdp301 vaginal microbicide trial were tested for the presence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhea (ng), treponema pallidum, and trichomonas vaginalis (tv). results. ct was identified as the most prevalent sti (11%) followed by tv (10%), ng, and syphilis (3%). the highest p ... | 2013 | 26316957 |
| effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid hiv testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the aware randomized clinical trial. | to increase human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing rates, many institutions and jurisdictions have revised policies to make the testing process rapid, simple, and routine. a major issue for testing scale-up efforts is the effectiveness of hiv risk-reduction counseling, which has historically been an integral part of the hiv testing process. | 2013 | 24150466 |
| identification, characterization, and synthesis of peptide epitopes and a recombinant six-epitope protein for trichomonas vaginalis serodiagnosis. | there is a need for a rapid, accurate serodiagnostic test useful for both women and men infected by trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the number one sexually transmitted infection (sti). women and men exposed to t. vaginalis make serum antibody to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ald), α-enolase (eno), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gap). we identified, by epitope mapping, the common and distinct epitopes of each protein detected by the sera of women patients with trichomonos ... | 2013 | 27471691 |
| an emerging mycoplasma associated with trichomoniasis, vaginal infection and disease. | humans are colonized by thousands of bacterial species, but it is difficult to assess the metabolic and pathogenic potential of the majority of these because they have yet to be cultured. here, we characterize an uncultivated vaginal mycoplasma tightly associated with trichomoniasis that was previously known by its 16s rrna sequence as "mnola." in this study, the mycoplasma was found almost exclusively in women infected with the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis, but rarely obs ... | 2014 | 25337710 |
| high prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among women living in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) contribute largely to the burden of health in south africa and are recognized as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. young women are particularly vulnerable to stis. the purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident stis among women who had participated in three clinical trials. | 2014 | 25243015 |
| epidemiology of curable sexually transmitted infections among women at increased risk for hiv in northwestern tanzania: inadequacy of syndromic management. | curable, non-viral pathogens account for a significant burden of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and there is established evidence that stis increase both hiv acquisition and transmission. we investigated the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and treponema pallidum, and the performance of syndromic management, among a cohort of women working in bars, hotels, and other food and recreational facilities near l ... | 2014 | 25025338 |
| sensitive simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in semen by multiplex-pcr and of hpv by single pcr. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) may impair sperm parameters and functions thereby promoting male infertility. to date limited molecular studies were conducted to evaluate the frequency and type of such infections in semen thus, we aimed at conceiving and validating a multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay for the simultaneous detection of the following std pathogens in semen: chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes virus simplex (hsv) -1 and - ... | 2014 | 24921247 |
| performance and comparison of self-reported sti symptoms among high-risk populations - msm, sex workers, persons living with hiv/aids - in el salvador. | resource-limited countries have limited laboratory capability and rely on syndromic management to diagnose sexually transmitted infections (stis). we aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of sti syndromic management when used as a screening method within a study setting. men who have sex with men (msm), female sex workers (fsws) and people living with hiv/aids (plwha) participated in a behavioural surveillance study. data were obtained on demographics ... | 2014 | 24616119 |
| trichomonas vaginalis incidence associated with hormonal contraceptive use and hiv infection among women in rakai, uganda. | background. data on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis and use of hormonal contraception (hc) are limited. methods. 2,374 sexually active women aged 15-49 years from cohort surveys in rakai, uganda, were included. incidence of t. vaginalis was estimated per 100 person years (py) and association between hc (dmpa, norplant, and oral contraceptives) and t. vaginalis infection was assessed by incidence rate ratios (irr), using poisson regression models. results. at baseline, 34.9% had used hc in ... | 2014 | 26316977 |
| point of care diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections: perspectives and advances. | accurate and inexpensive point-of-care (poc) tests are urgently needed to control sexually transmitted infection epidemics, so that patients can receive immediate diagnoses and treatment. current poc assays for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae perform inadequately and require better assays. diagnostics for trichomonas vaginalis rely on wet preparation, with some notable advances. serological poc assays for syphilis can impact resource-poor settings, with many assays available, but ... | 2014 | 24484215 |
| genital infections and risk of premature rupture of membranes in mulago hospital, uganda: a case control study. | inflammatory mediators that weaken and cause membrane rupture are released during the course of genital infections among pregnant women. we set out to determine the association of common genital infections (trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, group b streptococcus, bacterial vaginosis, herpes simplex virus type 2 and candidiasis) and premature rupture of membranes in mulago hospital, uganda. | 2015 | 26475265 |
| characteristics of women enrolled into a randomized clinical trial of dapivirine vaginal ring for hiv-1 prevention. | women in sub-saharan africa are a priority population for evaluation of new biomedical hiv-1 prevention strategies. antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis is a promising prevention approach; however, clinical trials among young women using daily or coitally-dependent products have found low adherence. antiretroviral-containing vaginal microbicide rings, which release medication over a month or longer, may reduce these adherence challenges. | 2015 | 26061040 |
| changes in the contribution of genital tract infections to hiv acquisition among kenyan high-risk women from 1993 to 2012. | the objective of this study was to understand temporal trends in the contribution of different genital tract infections to hiv incidence over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of high-risk women. | 2015 | 26125141 |
| rho gtpases as pathogen targets: focus on curable sexually transmitted infections. | pathogens have evolved highly specialized mechanisms to infect hosts. several microorganisms modulate the eukaryotic cell surface to facilitate their engulfment. once internalized, they hijack the molecular machinery of the infected cell for their own benefit. at different stages of phagocytosis, particularly during invasion, certain pathogens manipulate pathways governed by small gtpases. in this review, we focus on the role of rho proteins on curable, sexually transmitted infections caused by ... | 2015 | 26023809 |
| female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital chlamydia infection in tubal factor infertility. | genital chlamydia infection (gci) and the associated pathologies have been implicated in tubal infertility. though the actual pathologic mechanisms are still uncertain, oxidative stress and other factors have been implicated. the purpose of the study was to determine the possible contribution of female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital chlamydial infection to tubal occlusion. | 2015 | 25927024 |