| [use of the coagglutination reaction for identifying shigella flexneri]. | the data on the use of the coagglutination test for the identification of sh. flexneri are presented. the influence of different methods for the treatment of antisera on their heterologous reactions was studied and the advantage of coagglutinating reagents was revealed. 9 variants of coagglutinating preparations were obtained; their use made it possible to reduce the consumption of antisera and in some cases avoid their absorption. the problem of sh. flexneri classification is discussed. | 1983 | 6194634 |
| [quantitative determination of the soluble antigens of intestinal bacteria using a method of immunoenzyme analysis. i. processing of the parameters of the method]. | the parameters of the assay based on the quantitative evaluation of the neutralization of specific antibodies by the antigen under study and the subsequent detection of free antibodies on the fixed reference antigen with the aim of the quantitative determination of the specific o-antigens of salmonella, groups d, b, c1, as well as those of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri, have been developed. the proposed method makes it possible to detect the o-antigen of the causative agent at concentrat ... | 1983 | 6195847 |
| monoclonal antibodies specific for o-antigenic polysaccharides of shigella flexneri: clones binding to ii, ii:3,4, and 7,8 epitopes. | hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against the o-antigens of shigella flexneri were obtained by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of myeloma cells and lymphocytes from balb/c mice immunized with whole heat-killed s. flexneri bacteria of serotypes 2a and 2b. clones were selected for their binding specificity to structurally defined s. flexneri lipopolysaccharides (lps). the following three groups were identified as recognizing three different epitopes: monoclonal antibodies binding to ... | 1983 | 6196376 |
| the shigella flexneri o-antigenic polysaccharide chain. nature of the biological repeating unit. | the sequence of monosaccharides in the biological repeating tetrasaccharide unit of shigella flexneri variant y o-antigenic polysaccharide chain was determined by subjecting three oligosaccharides of the polysaccharide, obtained by phage-sf6-mediated enzymatic hydrolysis, to methylation analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the smallest saccharide was shown to be a tetrasaccharide with the structure alpha-l-rhap-(1-2)-l-rha. the next saccharide, an octasaccharide, was show ... | 1984 | 6199198 |
| artificial carbohydrate antigens: a block synthesis of a linear, tetrasaccharide repeating-unit of the shigella flexneri variant y polysaccharide. | glycosylation of methyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside with 2,3,4-tri-o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl bromide gave methyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-(2,3,4-tri-o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl) -alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (4) in 93% yield. conversion of 4 into the corresponding glycosyl bromide was accomplished with dibromomethyl methyl ether. under koenigs-knorr conditions, this bromide reacted with 8-(methoxycarbonyl)octyl 2-o-(2-acetamido-4,6-o-benzylidene-2-deoxy-beta-d-glycopyranosyl)- ... | 1983 | 6200226 |
| [clinico-diagnostic significance of specific antigenemia in acute dysentery]. | | 1984 | 6205453 |
| [characteristics and trends in the development of an epidemic process of sonne and flexner dysentery among preschool children]. | the results of studies indicate that the morbidity rates of dysentery among children attending preschool institutions and children brought up at home converged in recent years. this phenomenon was most pronounced among children of the kindergarten age group. at the same time dysentery caused by sh. sonnei and sh. flexnery produced a higher morbidity rate among children attending nursery in comparison with that among children of the same age group brought up at home. group infections in preschool ... | 1982 | 6211010 |
| [manifestations of the cyclic nature of the epidemic process in dysentery]. | different forms of dysentery, especially those caused by sh. sonnei and sh. flexneri, have been found to differ considerably in their cyclic recurrence. the development cycles of the epidemic processes of dysentery have an objective character, occur in the presence of any tendencies in the morbidity rate, and depend on the natural factors. thus, the cycles of increase and decrease in morbidity are 3, 6, 9, 12 years for dysentery caused by sh. sonnei and 6, 7, 8 years for dysentery caused by sh. ... | 1982 | 6213120 |
| expression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri strains were assayed for the ability to synthesize and utilize phenolate and hydroxamate siderophores. the hydroxamate aerobactin was synthesized by all isolates tested, whereas phenolates were only rarely produced. expression of aerobactin was accompanied by production of a single iron-regulated outer membrane protein (mr = 74,000). this protein was not produced by a mutant defective in aerobactin utilization and may serve as the aerobactin receptor. phenolate (enterobactin)-p ... | 1983 | 6224775 |
| [preventive effectiveness of dried polyvalent shigella bacteriophage in organized collective farms]. | | 1984 | 6235671 |
| bacteriophage mu d1(apr lac) generates vir-lac operon fusions in shigella flexneri 2a. | previous studies have demonstrated that expression of virulence in shigella spp. is controlled by growth temperature. to study the regulation of virulence (vir) genes, we set out to develop a rapid, easily-assayed phenotype with which to measure expression of virulence. this report described a procedure for isolating vir-lac operon fusions in s. flexneri 2a by using the specialized transducing bacteriophage mu d1(apr lac) of casadaban and cohen (m. casadaban and s. n. cohen, proc. natl. acad. sc ... | 1984 | 6236150 |
| [change in the nonesterified fatty acid makeup of shigella flexneri no. 15172 type 3a in the process of passage on developing chick embryos]. | composition of nonesterified fatty acids/nefaj from shigella flexneri was similar to that from other gram-negative bacteria of the enteritic group. at the same time, nefa of the dysenteric bacteria contained comparatively high amount of branched and cyclopropane-bearing fatty acids. adaptation of shigella flexneri in the medium of developing chicken embryo led to a distinct increase in total nefa content as well as of cyclopropane-bearing and saturated fatty acids in the bacteria and to a decrea ... | 1980 | 6245536 |
| genetic and physical evidence for plasmid control of shigella sonnei form i cell surface antigen. | virulent shigella sonnei synthesize a surface antigen (form i) which appears to be one of several requirements needed for this host to invade epithelial cells. upon restreaking on agar media, form i cells readily and irreversibly generate form ii cells that lack the form i antigen. all form ii cells are avirulent. plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid of form i and ii cells of four different s. sonnei isolates, obtained from different areas of the world, was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. a la ... | 1980 | 6249756 |
| isolation of two protein-free and chemically different lipopolysaccharides from bordetella pertussis phenol-extracted endotoxin. | endotoxin prepared from several bordetella pertussis strains in both immunological phases i and iv gave two lipopolysaccharide peaks (lps-i and lps-ii) when analyzed on hydroxylapatite columns in a phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate; these lipopolysaccharides, present in the ratio of 2:3, are true endotoxins by both chemical and biological criteria. endotoxins isolated from escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and shigella flexneri gave single lipopolysaccharide peaks w ... | 1980 | 6249793 |
| neutron irradiation of bacteria in the presence and absence of secondary charged-particle equilibrium. | | 1980 | 6251509 |
| [isolation and characteristics of polymyxin-resistant mutants of shigella flexneri]. | some characteristics of s. flexneri 2a mutants resistant to various concentrations of polymyxin m were studied. the data indicate that mutations resulting in low (50 microgram/ml) and high (300 microgram/ml) levels of the antibiotic resistance were determined by different genes. polymyxin resistance led to changed permeability of the outer membrane with respect to detergents and some antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, penicillins, chloramphenicol and amphotericin b but did not change sensitiv ... | 1980 | 6252826 |
| [effect of mutations imparting resistance to antibiotics having different mechanisms of action on the virulence of shigella flexneri]. | the study of the interaction between mutants of sh. flexneri 2a and epithelial hela cells has revealed that in all cases the loss of virulence in the studied groups of mutants, resistant to antibiotics with different mechanisms of action (polymyxin m, mecillinam and neamin) was linked with the loss of the ability of bacteria to penetrate into epithelial cells. these changes are probably the result of disturbances in the structure of external membrane in polymyxin-resistant mutants, in the regula ... | 1981 | 6269334 |
| lipopolysaccharide receptor on rabbit peritoneal macrophages. i. binding characteristics. | the bordetella pertussis endotoxin, labeled with tritium ((3h)-lps), bound irreversibly and nonspecifically to rabbit lung macrophages, but bound reversibly and specifically to both resident and elicited rabbit peritoneal macrophages. the specific binding capacity of the macrophages was saturated with about 3 x 10(4) lps molecules per cell. the binding was inhibited with the homologous unlabeled endotoxin, but not at all with endotoxin from proteus mirabilis, thus assessing ligand specificity. e ... | 1982 | 6278022 |
| involvement of a plasmid in the invasive ability of shigella flexneri. | representative shigella flexneri strains were studied to determine whether plasmids are involved in their virulence. all invasive s. flexneri strains, irrespective of serotype, were found to harbor a large plasmid of approximately 140 megadaltons in size, although some strains carried additional plasmid species. spontaneous variants of strains of serotypes 1, 2, and 5 had lost this 140-megadalton plasmid and had concomitantly become avirulent, i.e., could neither invade hela cell monolayers nor ... | 1982 | 6279518 |
| attachment and ingestion of bacteria by trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica trophozoites were found to be very selective in their interactions with bacteria. two principal mechanisms were shown to be responsible for these interactions. certain bacteria, such as a number of escherichia coli and serratia marcescens strains which are known to contain mannose-binding components on their cell surface, bound to mannose receptors on the amoeba membrane. this attachment was markedly inhibited by alpha-methylmannoside (0.5%), especially when the incubations ... | 1982 | 6281192 |
| degradation of intestinal glycoproteins by pathogenic shigella flexneri. | intestinal mucin glycoproteins were examined for their ability to sustain growth of pathogenic shigella. inoculation of germfree cecal mucin glycoproteins with shigella flexneri 4b resulted at 48 h in a 940-fold increase in the enteropathogen concentration. investigation in vitro of enzymatic degradation by the pathogen led to the identification of a blood group b-degrading glycosidase produced by the bacteria. in in vivo experiments, fecal supernatants of mice monocontaminated with s. flexneri ... | 1982 | 6282754 |
| [characteristics of the pkmr plasmids found in shigella flexneri]. | the clinical isolate of sh. flexneri 1b, resistant to 5 antibiotics and sulfonamides, has been studied by the method of conjugation and found to have a group of transfer-suppressed pkmr-plasmids: pkmr 204-1 (ap sm tc cm km su), pkmr 204-2 (sm km su), pkmr 204-5 (km su) and pkmr 204-7 (sm tc cm km su), whose molecular weight was 99, 71.2, 73.8 and 59.5 md respectively. the treatment of the plasmids with restriction endonuclease bamhi has revealed that plasmids pkmr 204-2 and pkmr 204-5 are defini ... | 1982 | 6285647 |
| characterization of virulence plasmids and plasmid-associated outer membrane proteins in shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, and escherichia coli. | the 140-megadalton plasmids of shigella flexneri serotypes 1, 3, and 5, in addition to the 120-megadalton plasmid of shigella sonnei, are associated with virulence. the present study showed that a 140-megadalton plasmid is also associated with virulence in escherichia coli. when these plasmids were cleaved with ecori or bamhi restriction endonucleases, considerable homology was evident in plasmids from s. sonnei strains, whereas only a few common fragments were observed among the s. flexneri and ... | 1983 | 6299962 |
| pms76, a plasmid capable of amplification by treatment with chloramphenicol. | pms76 is a nonconjugative, 5.54-megadalton plasmid. this plasmid is present in escherichia coli k12 cells at about 20 copies per chromosome. in addition, the pms76 plasmid can be mobilized by conjugative plasmids and it shares a number of other properties with the amplifiable cole1 plasmid, including the ability to amplify copy number in the presence of chloramphenicol. however, pms76 is compatible with cole1-like replicons, pbr313, and with other multicopy plasmids, rsf1030 and pacyc184. also t ... | 1983 | 6300947 |
| entamoeba invadens and e. histolytica: separation and purification of precysts and cysts by centrifugation on discontinuous density gradients of percoll. | the different cell forms in the life cycle of entamoeba invadens (trophozoites, precysts, and cysts) were rapidly and quantitatively separated on density step gradients of polyvinylpyrolidone-coated colloidal silica particles (percoll). with this method, the gradual process of encystation by e. invadens trophozoites could be monitored. percoll gradients were also efficient in separating trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica and bacteria. after purification on percoll, trophozoites display no evi ... | 1983 | 6303827 |
| the polymicrobial origin of intestinal infections in homosexual men. | to determine the microbial cause and the clinical and pathologic correlates of anorectal and intestinal symptoms in homosexually active men, we performed comprehensive microbiologic studies, anoscopy, sigmoid-oscopy, and rectal biopsy in men examined in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. enteric pathogens were found in 95 of 119 consecutive homosexual men with anorectal or intestinal symptoms and in 29 of 75 randomly selected homosexual men without such symptoms (p less than 0.001). the ... | 1983 | 6308444 |
| [fiessinger-leroy-reiter's syndrome : serological conversion for yersinia enterocolitica type 9, positive serodiagnosis for shigella flexneri and chlamydia]. | a case of reiter disease in a hla b27 positive man with urethritis followed by polyarthritis is reported. during the disease, serologic conversion for yersinia enterocolitica type 9 was detected as well as positive serologic tests for shigella flexneri and chlamydia. the features of reactive arthritis related to yersinia and the etiologies of reiter disease are recalled. | 1983 | 6314526 |
| entamoeba histolytica: virulence enhancement of isoenzyme-stable parasites. | pathogenic entamoeba histolytica isolated from patients with clinical amoebiasis can be differentiated from nonpathogenic e. histolytica obtained from asymptomatic carriers on the basis of the electrophoretic pattern of their isoenzymes. virulence of different strains of axenically grown trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica, as determined by various laboratory tests, such as damage to tissue culture monolayers, or their ability to cause an hepatic abscess in a hamster, are known to vary conside ... | 1984 | 6325226 |
| comparative efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin in acute shigellosis. | the clinical efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of acute shigellosis. of 44 adult male patients, all culture positive for shigella strains, 22 patients received 400 mg of pivmecillinam and 22 patients received 500 mg of ampicillin every 6 h. both drugs were administered orally for 5 days. four patients receiving ampicillin were infected with shigella strains that were resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to pivmecillina ... | 1984 | 6329092 |
| plasmid-determined antibiotic resistance in shigella flexneri isolated in england and wales between 1974 and 1978. | the majority of shigella flexneri strains isolated in england and wales are from infections contracted abroad. most of these strains are drug-resistant, over 75% being resistant to streptomycin and sulphonamides, sulphonamides alone or streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines. a selection of resistant strains was tested for resistance transfer and the plasmids identified were characterized by compatibility grouping. streptomycin and sulphonamide resistance was usually determined by a non-au ... | 1983 | 6337209 |
| role of heat labile antigens of shigella flexneri in hela cell invasion. | in studies of the role of surface antigens of shigella flexneri in hela cell invasion, three antisera were employed to block the invasion. antisera against live (als) and boiled (abs) s. flexneri blocked invasion very effectively. reduction in the numbers of intracellular shigellae was always accompanied by reduction in the number adherent to the cells, indicating the importance of adhesion in the invasive process. anti-live absorbed antiserum (alas) prepared by exhaustive absorption of als with ... | 1983 | 6337262 |
| an evaluation of ocular inflammation following the injection of bacterial endotoxin into the rat foot pad. | | 1983 | 6337969 |
| rapid method for detection, identification, and susceptibility testing of enteric pathogens. | three hundred and seven colonies believed to be enteric pathogens were selected from primary plates of macconkey, xylose desoxycholate, or salmonella-shigella agar for inoculation to lactose-sucrose broth, urea-41 motility medium, modified andrade glucose broth with inverted durham tube, pregrowth broth, triple sugar iron agar, lysine iron agar (lia), and christensen urea agar. the rapid screen consisted of interpreting the lactose-sucrose, urea-41 motility, and modified andrade glucose broth ga ... | 1983 | 6338037 |
| use of uv-irradiated bacteriophage t6 to kill extracellular bacteria in tissue culture infectivity assays. | we have utilized 'lysis from without' mediated by uv-inactivated bacteriophage t6 to eliminate extracellular bacteria in experiments measuring the internalization, intracellular survival and replication of yersinia pestis within mouse peritoneal macrophages and of shigella flexneri within a human intestinal epithelial cell line. the technique we describe has the following characteristics: (a) bacterial killing is complete within 15 min at 37 degrees c, with a greater than 10(3)-fold reduction in ... | 1983 | 6338113 |
| fulminating encephalopathy associated with shigella flexneri infection. | three cases of rapidly fatal encephalopathy associated with shigella flexneri infection are reported. there was a lack of severe intestinal involvement and absence of metabolic derangement. in all 3 patients, areas of necrosis were present throughout the brains; and in one case pontine haemorrhages and demyelination were seen. this report supports the evidence of a particular neurotoxic effect in shigellosis. | 1983 | 6338835 |
| [perforated duodenal ulcer in acute dysentery in a 7-year-old child]. | | 1983 | 6340055 |
| shigellosis with bacteremia: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. | it is widely believed by both physicians and microbiologists that bacteremia is a rare event in shigellosis. we report two cases of shigellosis with positive blood cultures and review 68 cases reported in the literature between 1963 and 1981. we suggest that detection of bacteremia in shigellosis may be facilitated by a greater awareness of the following findings. 1. eighty-seven percent of all cases of shigellosis with bacteremia reported in the literature during the 18-year period reviewed occ ... | 1983 | 6340078 |
| [effect of a live enteral dysentery vaccine from spontaneous flexner mutant 2a 516m on the immunoglobulin-producing cell count in the large intestine mucosa in dysentery]. | the influence of vaccinal therapy with live oral dysentery vaccine prepared from s. flexneri 2a 516m on the content of immunoglobulin-producing cells in the mucous membrane of the large intestine was studied. a considerable increase in the number of iga- and igm-synthetizing cells was shown to occur in the course of the infectious process in acute dysentery. in chronic dysentery the content of iga- and igm-synthetizing cells in patients was considerably lower than in a smooth course of acute dys ... | 1983 | 6340380 |
| [specificity of the antibody neutralization reaction in indicating shigella antigens]. | the specificity and sensitivity of the antibody neutralization test in the diagnosis of dysentery have been studied. this test has proved to be highly specific in experimental and clinical trials. the antibody neutralization test is more effective than the methods of the isolation of shigellae. the accuracy of this test can be increased by the elimination of different antierythrocyte agents from the secretions of persons under examination. | 1983 | 6340381 |
| [electron microscopic study of microorganisms grown on nutrient media with a nonnutrient raw material base]. | a comparative electron-microscopic study of sh. flexneri 8512, str. dick ia and cor. pseudodiphthericum test strains, grown in experimental culture media prepared from inedible raw materials and in currently used culture media based on fish and meat, has been carried out. the ultrastructure of the test strains grown in culture media prepared from inedible raw materials has been shown to remain unchanged. | 1983 | 6340385 |
| [morphological characteristics of phagolysis of s- and r-forms of shigella flexneri]. | the differences in the character and time of the lysis of s. flexneri s- and r-mutant cells have been detected by the method of time-lapse microfilming. the asymmetry of the phagolysis of the s-form of shigellae infected with phage f1 has been revealed. | 1983 | 6340391 |
| alterations in the pathogenicity of escherichia coli k-12 after transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes from shigella flexneri. | a 140-megadalton plasmid (pwr110), which has previously been associated with virulence in shigella flexneri, was transferred to escherichia coli k-12. segments of s. flexneri chromosomal material were then transferred to the plamid-bearing k-12 strains. the virulence of these transconjugant hybrids was assessed in the hela cell model, in ligated rabbit ileal loops, or in the sereny test. a k-12 strain which harbored only pwr110 invaded hela cells, produced minimal lesions in the rabbit ileal muc ... | 1983 | 6341237 |
| shigella infections in the united states, 1974-1980. | during the seven-year period 1974-1980, 93,516 shigella isolates from humans were reported to the centers for disease control, atlanta, through a nationwide surveillance system. over the past 30 years, the reported incidence of shigellosis has been declining in contrast to that reported for salmonellosis. shigella sonnei (group d) now accounts for approximately 70% of the shigella isolates reported, since most of the decline has been due to the increasingly less frequent infections caused by shi ... | 1983 | 6341480 |
| [clinical characteristics of dysentery caused by shigella flexneri in middle-aged and elderly patients]. | | 1983 | 6341707 |
| [leukocyte migration activity in patients with dysentery]. | | 1983 | 6342261 |
| [epidemiology of bacillary dysentery in algeria. i. the epidemiological aspects of dysentery in algeria]. | bacterial dysentery plays an important role among infectious diseases in algeria. a tendency to the growth of the morbidity rate has been observed. dysentery is irregularly spread in different zones of the country. the highest morbidity rate is registered in the sahara zone and in the eastern part of the country. the morbidity rate among the urban population is higher than among the rural population. s. flexneri prevail in the etiological structure of dysentery infection. of all age groups, the ... | 1983 | 6342313 |
| multiple enteric pathogens in travelers from endemic areas: case report. | | 1983 | 6344046 |
| shigella septicaemia. | | 1983 | 6344366 |
| delayed hypersensitivity in murine salmonellosis: specificity of footpad reaction in mice infected with rough mutants of salmonella typhimurium. | delayed type (footpad) hypersensitivity (dth) in balb/c mice immunized with rough mutant strains of salmonella typhimurium lt2 was examined. injection of live organisms of an rb mutant tv148 strain induced dth in mice, while injection of the heat-killed organisms did not. the mice immunized with live organisms of the ra, rb, rc, rd, and re mutant strains showed positive footpad reactions to the heat-killed cell antigen of lt2 (wild type) strain. the mice immunized with the rb mutant strain also ... | 1983 | 6346026 |
| [new directions in the study of immunity in dysentery]. | | 1983 | 6346759 |
| local iga-memory response to bacterial antigens. | | 1983 | 6347004 |
| fulminating encephalopathy and shigella flexneri infection. | | 1983 | 6347094 |
| gain of ornithine decarboxylase activity by a strain of shigella flexneri serotype 6 on the introduction of an r plasmid. | the introduction of r plasmid s-a into a strain of shigella flexneri serotype 6 resulted in the strain gaining the ability to decarboxylate ornithine. the possible reasons for the phenomenon are discussed and the result is compared with that obtained previously when the introduction of r plasmids into a different strain of the same species resulted in enhanced gas production from a range of carbohydrates. | 1983 | 6348292 |
| [joint use of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria in treating acute intestinal infections]. | acute dysentery and other acute intestinal diseases with obscure etiology are accompanied by pronounced intestinal dysbacteriosis which is manifested, on one hand, by the increased levels of escherichia, enterobacteria, staphylococci and by the appearance of klebsiella and proteus in large amounts and, on the other hand, by an essential decrease in the number of lactic acid streptococci, lactobacteria, bifidobacteria. the treatment of dysentery and other intestinal diseases with obscure etiology ... | 1983 | 6349186 |
| [causes of sequential changes in the etiological structure of dysentery and the other epidemiologic patterns of this infection]. | | 1983 | 6349187 |
| synthesis of plasmid-coded heat-labile enterotoxin in wild-type and hypertoxinogenic strains of escherichia coli and in other genera of enterobacteriaceae. | the effect of host determinants on expression of plasmid-coded heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) was examined. a collection of lt plasmids was introduced into isogenic strains of escherichia coli k-12 strains containing the wild type or hypertoxinogenic (htx-2) allele. for each plasmid tested, production of lt increased by approximately 1.5- to 3-fold in the host containing htx-2, indicating that the htx-2 allele affects a regulatory function for lt production that is common to many different enterot ... | 1983 | 6350177 |
| the influence of bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the phagocytic activity of human macrophages in culture. | the effect of bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on phagocytosis was tested on human macrophages in monolayer cultures by determining the rate of zymosan particle ingestion at different toxin concentrations and incubation times. the exotoxins tested were staphylococcal alpha-toxin and diphtheria-toxin. the endotoxins used were lipopolysaccharides from salmonella typhi, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri and serratia marcescens. phagocytosis was significantly impaired after prolonged incub ... | 1983 | 6350191 |
| [importation of shigella and salmonella into east germany]. | the international tourist traffic and the import of provisions also involves the importation of shigella and salmonella into the gdr. in 1980 9% of the shigella sonnei infections and 50% of the shigella flexneri infections were imported from 22 or 26 countries, in most cases from tourist countries, typical for the gdr. the salmonella are imported mainly by feed-stuff. but also the spreading particularly of polyresistant salmonella by epidemic processes independent of provisions, above all among ... | 1983 | 6351449 |
| [liquid-phase electrophoresis in the analysis of antigen-antibody interactions in erythrocyte diagnostic reagent kits]. | | 1983 | 6351504 |
| flies as a source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in thailand. | the village of ban pong in northeastern thailand was studied from january through december 1981 to determine the importance of flies as a source of enteric pathogens. the number of flies (predominantly musca domestica) increased in kitchens and animal pens in the hot dry spring, when the incidence of diarrhea was highest in the village. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, shigella spp., non-o1 vibrio cholerae, and vibrio fluvalis were isolated from fly pools in yards (69%), animal pens (38%), bath ... | 1983 | 6351748 |
| effect of parenteral immunization on the local immunoglobulin a response of the intestine to shigella flexneri antigens. | most traditional methods of immunization involve parenteral vaccines. using a chronically isolated ileal loop model as the probe, we examined the effect of a primary parenteral immunization on the local immune response of the intestine. secretions from isolated ileal loops of rabbits given a primary parenteral immunization with shigella flexneri without adjuvant showed a small, but definite, specific immunoglobulin a (iga) response locally, whereas a vigorous serum antigen-specific igg response ... | 1983 | 6352492 |
| bacterial pathogens from the intestinal tracts of various species of cockroaches. | | 1983 | 6353184 |
| fulminant hepatic failure and shigella bacteremia. | | 1983 | 6353185 |
| [autonomic nervous system disorders in patients with sonne and flexner's dysentery]. | | 1983 | 6353759 |
| [current state of dysentery epidemiology (review of the literature)]. | | 1983 | 6353765 |
| [synthesis of beta-l-rhamnoside linked oligosaccharides of lipopolysaccharides from shigella flexneri serotype 6]. | the synthesis of the trisaccharide o-beta-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-o-beta-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-l-rhamnopyranose (14) and the tetrasaccharide o-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 2)-o-[beta-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)]-o-beta-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-l-rhamnopyranose (21) is described. the latter structure has been proposed as the repeating unit of the o-specific side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide obtained from shigella flexneri serotype 6. ... | 1983 | 6354443 |
| sexually transmitted enteritis. | | 1983 | 6355677 |
| [biochemical aspects of the pathogenicity of shigella. protein components of aqueous extracts of virulent and non-virulent strains of shigella flexneri]. | | 1983 | 6355709 |
| invasive enteric pathogens. | invasive enteric pathogens of the salmonella or shigella genera initiate infections by invading the intestinal epithelium. depending on the species, salmonellae either translocate across the mucosa of the small intestine and cause a systemic febrile disease or they evoke a localized inflammatory response in discreet areas of the infected mucosa. the latter type of infection is characterized by gastroenteritis, and a choleragen-like enterotoxin may contribute to the symptomology. shigellae can al ... | 1983 | 6356290 |
| [trends in the spread of boyd 4 dysentery and the characteristics of its clinical picture and of the biology of its causative agent]. | the data on the proportion of s. boydii 4 in the general structure of the causative agents of dysentery, as well as in the intraspecific structure of s. boydii, in some areas of the ussr in 1977-1981 are presented. s. boydii strains 4, circulating in one of the areas where their proportion considerably increased in 1980-1981, corresponded to their taxonomic position in their biological properties, while forming a single biochemical variant according to the character of the fermentation of sorbit ... | 1983 | 6356722 |
| [dynamics of enterobacterial multiplication in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection in the presence of iron cations as dependent on the availability and type of k antigens]. | in this work the results of research on the influence of iron cations on the characteristics of the infectious process caused by different enterobacteria (shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, escherichia coli) are analyzed. in the experimental intraperitoneal infection of mice in the presence of saccharose and iron cations s. sonnei in phase i showed the decrease of 1g ld50 by 3-4 orders, while s. flexneri in the s-form, by not more than 1 order. the absence of correlation between the virulence o ... | 1983 | 6356728 |
| effect of human leukocyte interferon on invasiveness of salmonella species in hep-2 cell cultures. | the effect of human leukocyte interferon on the invasiveness of salmonella and shigella species in hep-2 cell cultures was examined. the intracellular and extracellular bacteria were identified by a combination of nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and uv incident light microscopy applied on the same microscope. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with human leukocyte interferon reduced the number of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella paratyphi-b bacteria per cell and the proporti ... | 1983 | 6358041 |
| [differentiation of shigella flexneri serotype 6 from serotypes 1-5 by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of their elastases]. | among shigella flexneri serotypes, serotype 6 (28 strains) was individualized from serotypes 1 to 5 (43 strains) by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of esterases. the taxonomic status of s. flexneri serotype 6 should be reconsidered in light of this work. | 1983 | 6360018 |
| temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in shigella species. | the pathogenicity of shigella spp. involves the ability of the bacteria to penetrate and replicate within the epithelial cells of the large intestine. model systems for examining the virulence of shigellae employ henle intestinal epithelial cells in tissue culture and an in vivo assay for virulence in guinea pig eyes (sereny test). using these systems, we studied the genetic and physiological bases for the ability of shigellae to invade epithelial cells. we found that expression of virulence in ... | 1984 | 6360895 |
| loss of pigmentation in shigella flexneri 2a is correlated with loss of virulence and virulence-associated plasmid. | in this study, we examined the relationship between the virulence of shigella flexneri 2a and the ability of strains of s. flexneri 2a to absorb congo red. spontaneous nonpigmented (i.e., unable to bind congo red [pcr-]) derivatives of a virulent, pigmented (pcr+) strain of s. flexneri 2a were isolated and assayed for virulence as determined by their ability to invade epithelial cells. all pcr- mutants examined lost the ability to invade epithelial cells and were thus avirulent. agarose gel elec ... | 1984 | 6360906 |
| splenic abscess caused by shigella flexneri and bacteroides fragilis. | we report a case of splenic abscess from which only shigella flexneri (serotype 1a) and bacteroides fragilis were isolated. the patient was a 59-year-old diabetic female who displayed minimal gastrointestinal symptoms. the s. flexneri isolate was resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. the possible synergistic relationship between the two organisms is discussed. | 1984 | 6361064 |
| [clinico-laboratory characteristics of gastroenterocolitic (atypical) dysentery]. | | 1983 | 6362054 |
| change in phage-sensitivity of shigella flexneri strains. i. changes in virulence and phage-sensitivity. | in the course of repeated passaging of virulent shigella flexneri cultures in liquid media, avirulent variants and variants of reduced virulence appeared. they were easily recognizable by their colonial morphology. the avirulent variants became sensitive to certain phages not lysing the original virulent strains. the change of phage-sensitivity among the variants with no or decreased virulence was significant: chi 2 = 64.25; p less than 0.001. the amplification of phage-sensitivity developed in ... | 1983 | 6362315 |
| [dissociation and phagolytic characteristics of the shigella isolated from patients with various clinical forms of dysentery]. | the relationship between the severity of the disease and the phagolysis of the isolated cultures of s. flexneri and s. sonnei has been established. in the moderately severe form of the disease the duration of the latent period of the development of the phage has been found to increase in comparison with that in the mild form of the disease. | 1983 | 6364654 |
| lipid a fractions analyzed by a technique involving thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with alkaline phosphatase as enzyme, was used for the study of antigenicity of lipid a fractions directly on thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) plates. for visualization a gel slab containing the enzyme substrate was placed on the plate containing enzyme-conjugated antibodies. the plate was read by a thin-layer chromatogram spectrophotometer. the immunoassay was both highly specific and quite sensitive. sensitivity was superior to levels obtain ... | 1984 | 6365543 |
| [food infection caused by shrimp]. | | 1984 | 6366590 |
| [chromosome markers of drug resistance as the selectors of potential vaccinal strains]. | mutations resulting in acquisition of the resistance to rifampicin, streptomycin, neamine, polymyxin m, mecillinam and high concentrations of nalidixic acid were studied with respect to their effect on virulence of shigella flexneri by transduction of the markers from the spontaneous avirulent mutants to the initial strain. it was shown that the acquisition of the determinants of the resistance to rifampicin, streptomycin, neamine (nea a) and high concentration of nalidixic acid resulted in 100 ... | 1984 | 6367629 |
| [transfer of resistance in shigellae to azlocillin and other antibiotics]. | | 1984 | 6367893 |
| r plasmids conferring multiple drug resistance from shigella isolated in korea. | the majority (85%) of shigella isolated in 1980 and 1981 in korea were shigella flexneri, the others were sh. sonnei (14%) with only a small number of sh. dysenteriae. only 14 of the 459 strains of shigella isolated were susceptible to all 12 drugs tested, and 445 were resistant to three or more drugs. strains multiply resistant to the six drugs, chloramphenicol (cm), tetracycline (tc), streptomycin (sm), sulfisomidine (su), ampicillin (ap) and trimethoprim (tp) were most frequently encountered, ... | 1984 | 6368684 |
| [effect of plasmids r on the changes in s. flexneri sensitivity to phages]. | | 1983 | 6369040 |
| [clinico-immunological characteristics of dysentery]. | | 1983 | 6369561 |
| [further research on the use of media with na-rna for isolating shigella]. | the isolation of shigellae from the feces of patients with the use of ploskirev's bactoagar with na-rna added at a concentration of 4 mg/ml has facilitated the laboratory diagnosis of dysentery due to the increased resolution of the medium. the isolation of shigellae on the medium with the stimulating agent added occurs 9% more frequently than on the control medium. | 1984 | 6369838 |
| shigella dysentery in tripoli, libya. | | 1984 | 6371260 |
| leads from the mmwr. shigellosis among tourists--union of soviet socialist republics, 1983. | | 1984 | 6371268 |
| [bacillary dysentery (shigella flexneri type 2) caused by shrimps]. | | 1984 | 6371557 |
| [transfer of h2s plasmid from e. coli to shigella]. | | 1983 | 6374333 |
| [basic approach to the production of potential vaccine strains of salmonella, shigella and pasteurella, capable of reproduction, using suitable genetic markers]. | | 1984 | 6375171 |
| [interrelation of virulent and avirulent (vaccinal) strains of shigella flexneri 2a in long-term bacterial carriage in gnotobiotic rats]. | the ability of s. flexneri 2a virulent and avirulent (vaccine) strains no. 516 and no. 516 m to displace one another during long-term carrier state in germ-free rats has been studied. the long-term persistence of the vaccine strain in the intestine of the rats has been shown to produce colonization resistance to subsequent infection with the virulent culture of these bacteria. during carrier state in rats progressive s--r dissociation of the bacteria occurs, type ii antigen is lost with simultan ... | 1984 | 6375221 |
| sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant shigella flexneri in northeastern brazil. | in contrast to prior experience in northeastern brazil, three of four shigella flexneri strains recently isolated from patients with acute inflammatory diarrhea in this setting were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. the resistant strains contained large, different plasmids, two of which were transferred with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance to escherichia coli k-12 recipient strains. | 1984 | 6375563 |
| [relation of the epidemiological characteristics of dysentery to the biological properties of the causative agents]. | the main forms of the epidemic manifestation of dysentery induced by different causative agents in 1975-1980 were revealed. during these years the cases of dysentery induced by shigella sonnei, biovar ii, were found to prevail (82.0-90.1%) both at the periods between epidemics and at the periods of the seasonal rise of morbidity. the experimental infection of white mice by intraperitoneal inoculation revealed no relationship between the seasonal rise of morbidity in dysentery and the virulence o ... | 1984 | 6377769 |
| identification of hla-b27m1 and -m2 cross-reactive antigens in klebsiella, shigella and yersinia. | | 1984 | 6378768 |
| [arthritis in shigella and salmonella infections]. | | 1984 | 6379799 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in an ultra-orthodox jewish community. | an outbreak of shigellosis due to shigella sonnei, s. flexnerii and s. boydii in an ultra-religious jewish community in southern israel is described. the source of epidemic was traced to vegetables bought from a single source. the importance of epidemic and endemic modes of spread of shigella is discussed. | 1984 | 6379888 |
| [clinical characteristics of dysentery in relation to the oxidation-reduction features of isolated shigella]. | | 1984 | 6379895 |
| [shigellosis abroad]. | | 1983 | 6379992 |