| introduction of an ampr-l2 intergenic segment attenuates the induced beta-lactamase activity of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | expression of the l1 and l2 beta-lactamase genes is generally regulated by a lysr type regulator of the ampr in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the ampr gene is located immediately upstream of l2 and is transcribed divergently, forming an ampr-l2 module. the ampr-l2 modules of 16 s. maltophilia isolates were analyzed, revealing that the ampr-l2 intergenic (ig) regions show a significant genetic diversity, whereas ampr proteins are highly conserved. the induction potential of the different ampr tow ... | 2010 | 20397035 |
| impact of prolonged treatment with high-dose ciprofloxacin on human gut flora: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20409330 |
| biochemical characterization of gram-positive and gram-negative plant-associated bacteria with micro-raman spectroscopy. | raman spectra of gram-positive and gram-negative plant bacteria have been measured with micro-raman spectrometers equipped with 785 and 514.5 nm lasers. the gram-positive bacteria microbacterium testaceum, paenibacillus validus, and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis have strong carotenoid bands in the regions 1155-1157 cm(-1) and 1516-1522 cm(-1) that differentiate them from other tested gram-negative bacteria. in the raman spectrum of gram-positive bacteria bacillus megaterium exci ... | 2010 | 20412629 |
| staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and buttonhole cannulation: long-term safety and efficacy of mupirocin prophylaxis. | buttonhole (constant-site) cannulation (bhc) continues to gain popularity with home and in-center dialysis programs worldwide. however, long-term safety data are lacking. this paper reports the authors' single-center experience with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (sab) and the efficacy of topical mupirocin prophylaxis (mp). | 2010 | 20413438 |
| metallic nanoparticles bioassay for enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase activity and inhibitor screening. | this article presents a simple colorimetric assay for enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase activity detection and its inhibitors screening on the basis of silver and gold nanoparticles aggregation. in the presence of e. cloacae p99 beta-lactamase, the beta-lactam ring in the cephalosporin substrate was opened and resulted in releasing the active sites-modified linker which induced significant aggregation of silver or gold nanoparticles based on the electrostatic interactions and metal-thiols ... | 2010 | 20419253 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli o157:h7. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7, one of the major causes of haemorrhagic colitis in humans, were produced by immunising balb/c mice with the strain e. coli o157:h7. these monoclonal antibodies do not cross-react with other bacteria such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, e. coli o14, e. coli jm109, s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. panama, s. saintpaul, s. derby, s. muenchen, s. bredeney, s. hadar, yersinia enterocolitica, proteus vulgaris, shi ... | 2006 | 20429059 |
| [in vitro activities of odorrana grahami antimicrobial peptides from skin against 5 pathogenic bacteria]. | to evaluate the efficiency of 4 odorrana grahami antimicrobial peptides from skin against 5 pathogenic bacteria, include 2 wild strains and 7 resistant strains. | 2009 | 20432894 |
| screening extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens using antibiogram-based methods. | in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens, ampc beta-lactamases can confer resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins and oxacephems, but not to the fourth-generation cephalosporins. extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) may confer resistance to all extended-spectrum cephalosporins but not flomoxef. as difficult to detect, the esbl phenotype of the intrinsically ampc- producing e. cloacae and s. marcescens is not routinely screened in the clinical microbiology laboratories. the d ... | 2010 | 20434120 |
| pentaplexed quantitative real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and quantification of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in food and clinical samples. | botulinum neurotoxins are produced by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium botulinum and are divided into seven distinct serotypes (a to g) known to cause botulism in animals and humans. in this study, a multiplexed quantitative real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of the human pathogenic c. botulinum serotypes a, b, e, and f was developed. based on the taqman chemistry, we used five individual primer-probe sets within one pcr, combining both minor groove binder- and locked nucleic ... | 2010 | 20435756 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors for nosocomial candidemia in medical intensive care units: experience in a single hospital in korea for 6.6 years. | the aim of this study was to determine candidemia incidence among patients in a medical intensive-care unit (micu) and the associated mortality rate and to identify risk factors associated with candidemia. we retrospectively performed a 1:3 matched case-control study of micu patients with candidemia. controls were matched for sex, age, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (apache) ii score. candidemia incidence was 9.1 per 1,000 admissions. the most common pathogen was candida albi ... | 2010 | 20436700 |
| tipsitis: incidence and outcome-a single centre experience. | infection of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (tipss) called 'tipsitis' has been reported but appears unusual. we report here our experience of patients who were diagnosed to have tipsitis at our centre. | 2010 | 20440117 |
| population analysis and epidemiological features of inhibitor-resistant-tem-beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli isolates from both community and hospital settings in madrid, spain. | punctual mutations in the tem-1 or tem-2 gene may lead to inhibitor-resistant-tem (irt) beta-lactamases with resistance to beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and susceptibility to cephalosporins. the aim of this work was to analyze the current epidemiology of irt beta-lactamases in contemporary clinical escherichia coli. isolates were prospectively collected in our hospital (2007 and 2008) from both outpatients (59.8%) and hospitalized patients (40.2%). the genetic relationships o ... | 2010 | 20444963 |
| disseminated penicilliosis, recurrent bacteremic nontyphoidal salmonellosis, and burkholderiosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency due to autoantibody against gamma interferon. | acquired immunodeficiency due to autoantibody against gamma interferon has recently been associated with opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, especially among southeast asians. we report another 8 cases, all except one apparently immunocompetent hosts who suffered from concomitant or sequential infections by other intracellular pathogens causing penicilliosis, extraintestinal nontyphoidal salmonellosis, and burkholderiosis. the only case with an underlying immunodeficiency syndrome had ... | 2010 | 20445006 |
| chemical epigenetics alters the secondary metabolite composition of guttate excreted by an atlantic-forest-soil-derived penicillium citreonigrum. | chemical epigenetic manipulation of penicillium citreonigrum led to profound changes in the secondary metabolite profile of its guttate. while guttate from control cultures exhibited a relatively simple assemblage of secondary metabolites, the guttate collected from cultures treated with 50 mum 5-azacytidine (a dna methyltransferase inhibitor) was highly enriched in compounds representing at least three distinct biosynthetic families. the metabolites obtained from the fungus included six azaphil ... | 2010 | 20450206 |
| isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex induce apoptosis of human intestinal epithelial cells. | strains of the enterobacter cloacae complex are becoming increasingly important human pathogen. the aim of the study was to identify, by sequencing the hsp60 gene, the species of clinical isolates phenotypically identified as e. cloacae and to examine them for virulence-associated properties: the ability of adhesion, invasion to hep-2 cells and the induced apoptosis of infected epithelial cells. the majority of the strains were identified as enterobacter hormaechei with e. hormaechei subsp. stei ... | 2010 | 20451600 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples. | a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ... | 2010 | 20453122 |
| in vitro studies of a novel antimicrobial luer-activated needleless connector for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection. | we report in vitro studies of a commercially available novel antimicrobial luer-activated connector with the inner surface coated with nanoparticle-silver to prevent contaminants from forming biofilm and causing catheter-related bloodstream infection. | 2010 | 20455695 |
| susceptibility of gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections in the united states, 2007-2008: results of the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart). | during 2007-2008, 1,036 gram-negative bacilli were isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections in the united states. against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, the most active agents in vitro were ertapenem, imipenem, and amikacin, while the least active agent was ampicillin-sulbactam. ertapenem and imipenem were active against all extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl)-positive escherichia coli. antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from patie ... | 2010 | 20457818 |
| enterobacter cloacae infection of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene femoral-popliteal bypass graft: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20459698 |
| role of polymorphic variants as genetic modulators of infection in neonatal sepsis. | this study is a retrospective, case control study involving 535 preterm infants examining the roles of sequence polymorphisms in genes that mediate host immune responses to bacterial infection in newborn infants. a total of 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 19 candidate genes including inflammatory cytokines (il6, il10, il1b, and tnf), cytokine receptors (il1rn), toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr4, and tlr5), and cell surface receptors (cd14) were genotyped. subjects were stratified into ... | 2010 | 20463618 |
| [impact of thermolabile enterotoxin of enterobacter cloacae on levels of caspases 3, 7, and 10 under experimental infection]. | to assess the role of thermolabile enterotoxin of enterobacter cloacae on level of caspases 3, 7, and 10 in experiment. | 2010 | 20465008 |
| community-based intervention to manage an outbreak of mrsa skin infections in a county jail. | this article describes a community-based intervention to manage an outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) skin infections in a midwestern county jail. a systematic investigation conducted by a family medicine residency program identified 64 total cases and 19 mrsa cases between january 1 and december 31, 2007. factors contributing to mrsa transmission included inadequate surveillance, lack of antibacterial soap, and a defective laundry process. all ... | 2010 | 20466702 |
| on the liquefaction of gelatin by the bacillus cloacae. | | 1906 | 20474244 |
| a novel polymyxin derivative that lacks the fatty acid tail and carries only three positive charges has strong synergism with agents excluded by the intact outer membrane. | polymyxins are cationic lipopeptides (five cationic charges) and the last resort for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections caused by multiresistant strains. nab741 has a cyclic peptide portion identical to that of polymyxin b but carries in the linear peptide portion a threonyl-d-serinyl residue (no cationic charges) instead of the diaminobutyryl-threonyl-diaminobutyryl residue (two cationic charges). at the n terminus of the peptide, nab741 carries an acetyl group instead of a mixtu ... | 2010 | 20479195 |
| characterization and implications of enterobacter cloacae strains, isolated from italian table olives "bella di cerignola". | enterobacter cloacae can be recovered in the spontaneous fermentations of italian table olives. in this study, the effects of salt (20 to 100 g/l), temperature (10 to 37 degrees c), ph (4 to 5 and 8 to 10), p-coumaric and vanillic acids (0.5 to 2 g/l), and the acidification of the medium through lactic, citric, and ascorbic acids were investigated on 15 strains of e. cloacae, isolated from italian table olives "bella di cerignola." finally, a confirmatory experiment in synthetic brine was run. t ... | 2010 | 20492186 |
| volatiles emitted from eight wound-isolated bacteria differentially attract gravid screwworms (diptera: calliphoridae) to oviposit. | bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [cochliomyia hominivorax (coquerel) (diptera: calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. eight species of gram-negative coliform (enterobacteriaceae) bacteria mixed with bovine blood singly or all species combined and incubated for various times produced volatiles that attracted gravid flies in a cage bioassay in varying numbers. in 15-min duration tests, volatiles from fi ... | 2010 | 20496582 |
| ail binding to fibronectin facilitates yersinia pestis binding to host cells and yop delivery. | yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, evades host immune responses and rapidly causes disease. the y. pestis adhesin ail mediates host cell binding and is critical for yop delivery. to identify the ail receptor(s), ail was purified following overexpression in escherichia coli. ail bound specifically to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein with the potential to act as a bridge between ail and host cells. ail expressed by e. coli also mediated binding to purified fibronectin, and ... | 2010 | 20498264 |
| microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility in surgical site infections following hollow viscus injury. | the purpose of this study was to assess the microbiological profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and adequacy of the empiric antibiotic therapy in surgical site infections (ssi) following traumatic hollow viscus injury (hvi). | 2010 | 20499202 |
| pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis with negative bacterial cultures. | pulmonary exacerbations are a major cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (cf) and likely contribute to lung function decline. exacerbations are often associated with characteristic airway bacteria [cf related bacteria (cfrb)]. however, some patients do not have cfrb detected by culture during exacerbations. | 2010 | 20503282 |
| evaluation of the analytical performance of the xpert mtb/rif assay. | we performed the first studies of analytic sensitivity, analytic specificity, and dynamic range for the new xpert mtb/rif assay, a nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostic system that detects mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin (rif) resistance in under 2 h. the sensitivity of the assay was tested with 79 phylogenetically and geographically diverse m. tuberculosis isolates, including 42 drug-susceptible isolates and 37 rif-resistant isolates containing 13 different rpob mutations or mutat ... | 2010 | 20504986 |
| comparative global gene expression profiles of wild-type yersinia pestis co92 and its braun lipoprotein mutant at flea and human body temperatures. | braun/murein lipoprotein (lpp) is involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. we previously characterized a deltalpp mutant of yersinia pestis co92 and found that this mutant was defective in surviving in macrophages and was attenuated in a mouse inhalation model of plague when compared to the highly virulent wild-type (wt) bacterium. we performed global transcriptional profiling of wt y. pestis and its deltalpp mutant using microarrays. the organisms were cultured at 26 and 37 degrees ... | 2010 | 20508723 |
| community-acquired bloodstream infections in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | data on the prevalence and causes of community-acquired bloodstream infections in africa are scarce. we searched three databases for studies that prospectively studied patients admitted to hospital with at least a blood culture, and found 22 eligible studies describing 58 296 patients, of whom 2051 (13.5%) of 15 166 adults and 3527 (8.2%) of 43 130 children had bloodstream infections. 1643 (29.1%) non-malaria bloodstream infections were due to salmonella enterica (58.4% of these non-typhoidal sa ... | 2010 | 20510282 |
| the causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in korean children in 1996-2005. | bacterial meningitis remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood, despite the availability of effective vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) or streptococcus pneumoniae. the purpose of this study was to analyze data on bacterial meningitis cases in korea from 1996 through 2005. the information of all hospitalized bacteria-proven meningitis cases was obtained from 17 university hospitals nationwide. a total of 402 cases were identified. of these, 125 (29.9%) ca ... | 2010 | 20514311 |
| temporal trends in enterobacter species bloodstream infection: a population-based study from 1998-2007. | enterobacter species are the fourth most common cause of gram-negative bloodstream infection (bsi). we examined temporal changes and seasonal variation in the incidence rate of enterobacter spp. bsi, estimated 28-day and 1-year mortality, and determined in vitro antimicrobial resistance rates of enterobacter spp. bloodstream isolates in olmsted county, minnesota, from 1 january 1998 to 31 december 2007. multivariable poisson regression was used to examine temporal changes and seasonal variation ... | 2011 | 20518795 |
| [clinical assessment of novel chromid esbl agar plates for detection of esbl producers in the family enterobacteriaceae]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producers in the family enterobacteriaceae are recognized worldwide as nosocomial pathogens, however it is difficult to screen them in the routine laboratory processing. chromid esbl agar newly developed for screening esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae was released in japan in april, 2007. we evaluated the clinical assessment of chromid esbl agar in routine microbiology laboratory. the 47 strains investigated were clinical isolates belonging to the family e ... | 2009 | 20528091 |
| detection of a common plasmid carrying blakpc-2 in enterobacteriaceae isolates from distinct cities in china. | four isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and one isolate of enterobacter cloacae exhibiting resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, including oxyimino-cephalosporins and carbapenems, were obtained from different patients among four hospitals in china. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that all the k. pneumoniae isolates belonged to two clone patterns. multilocus sequence typing showed that the four isolates of k. pneumoniae belonged to two sequence types: st 23 and st 351. conjugation ... | 2010 | 20528100 |
| the association between antibiotic use and resistance: the role of secondary antibiotics. | using susceptibility rates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae over time as markers, we assessed the significance of the change of susceptibility rates to imipenem, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin over time and the relationship to antibiotic use for the period 2000-2006. antibiotic use-susceptibility relationships were assessed using longitudinal regression analysis. the variables "time" and define daily d ... | 2010 | 20535624 |
| degradation of hexadecane by enterobacter cloacae strain tu that secretes an exopolysaccharide as a bioemulsifier. | a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, previously shown to utilize alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), was identified as enterobacter cloacae (genbank accession number, gq426323) by 16s rrna sequence analysis and was designated as strain tu. during growing on n-hexadecane as the sole carbon source, the strain tu extracellularly released an exopolysaccharide (eps) exhibiting bioemulsifying activity into the surrounding medium. the eps was found to be composed of glucose and galact ... | 2010 | 20537678 |
| [antimicrobial activity of meropenem against main bacterial species isolated from patient blood in 2008]. | we examined the antimicrobial activities of meropenem and other antibiotics against main bacteria isolated from patient blood in keio university hospital between january and november in 2008. a total of 187 isolates, including 43 escherichia coli, 23 klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 enterobacter cloacae, 22 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 24 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), 50 staphylococcus epidermidis were tested. meropenem showed the ... | 2009 | 20545084 |
| transfusion med illustrated. retrograde transmission of enterobacter cloacae during blood transfusion confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | | 2010 | 20546549 |
| dramatic increase of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant e. coli in german intensive care units: secular trends in antibiotic drug use and bacterial resistance, 2001 to 2008. | the objective of the present study was to analyse secular trends in antibiotic consumption and resistance data from a network of 53 intensive care units (icus). | 2010 | 20546564 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profiling of four antimicrobials against gram-negative bacteria collected from shenyang, china. | to examine common antimicrobial regimens used in eradicating certain nosocomial gram-negative pathogens and determine which ones are likely to be the most suitable as empirical choices in shenyang, china. | 2010 | 20546625 |
| bacteremia due to extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae: role of carbapenem therapy. | enterobacter cloacae is an important nosocomial pathogen. however, few studies specifically dealing with the clinical characteristics and outcome of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. cloacae infections have been published. during an 8-year period in a medical center, of 610 e. cloacae bacteremic isolates, 138 (22.6%) with esbl genes were designated the esbl group, and 120 (19.6%) cefotaxime-nonsusceptible isolates without the esbl phenotype and genes were designated the contro ... | 2010 | 20547798 |
| extended-spectrum cephalosporinase in acinetobacter baumannii. | an ampc-type beta-lactamase conferring high-level resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams was characterized from an acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate. this class c beta-lactamase (named adc-33) possessed a pro210arg substitution together with a duplication of an ala residue at position 215 (inside the omega-loop) compared to a reference ampc cephalosporinase from a. baumannii. adc-33 hydrolyzed ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam at high levels, which allows the cl ... | 2010 | 20547808 |
| evaluation of a dna microarray, the check-points esbl/kpc array, for rapid detection of tem, shv, and ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and kpc carbapenemases. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpc carbepenemases) have rapidly emerged worldwide and require rapid identification. the check-points esbl/kpc array, a new commercial system based on genetic profiling for the direct identification of esbl producers (shv, tem, and ctx-m) and of kpc producers, was evaluated. well-characterized gram-negative rods (enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii) expressing various ss-lactamases ... | 2010 | 20547813 |
| rapid genus- and species-specific identification of cronobacter spp. by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | cronobacter spp. are gram-negative opportunistic food-borne pathogens and are known as rare but important causes of life-threatening neonatal infections. rapid and reliable identification of cronobacter species and their differentiation from phenotypically similar, nonpathogenic enterobacter turicensis, enterobacter helveticus, and enterobacter pulveris have become increasingly important. we evaluated here the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectro ... | 2010 | 20554814 |
| detection and characterization of human ureaplasma species and serovars by real-time pcr. | we designed primers and probes for the detection and discrimination of ureaplasma parvum and u. urealyticum and their 14 serovars by real-time pcr. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex species-specific pcr were determined by testing corresponding american type culture collection (atcc) type strains, 47 other microbial species, and human genomic dna. the limits of the multiplex pcr were 2.8 x 10(-2) cfu/microl pcr mixture for detecting u. parvum and 4.1 x 10(-2) cfu/microl ... | 2010 | 20554828 |
| [analysis of the antibiotic resistant gene in multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolated at showa university hospital]. | we analyzed the antibiotic resistant genes, metallo-beta-lactamase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), in highly resistant enterobacter cloacae isolated at showa university hospital from april to june 2008. thirty eight strains of e. cloacae were isolated. of these strains, 35 demonstrating resistant to either cefotaxime (minimum inhibitory concentration: mic > or = 32 microg/ml), ceftadizime (mic > or = 16 microg/ml), or aztreonam (mic > or = 16 microg/ml) were selected for the analysi ... | 2010 | 20560453 |
| flavonoid glucuronides and a chromone from the aquatic macrophyte stratiotes aloides. | the first phytochemical analysis of the aquatic macrophyte stratiotes aloides afforded two new flavonoid glucuronides, luteolin 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1) and chrysoeriol 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), as well as the new 2-(2-hydroxypentyl)-5-carboxy-7-methoxychromone (5) and chrysoeriol 7-o-beta-(6-o-malonyl)glucopyranoside (3), which has been assigned via nmr data for the first time. additionally, free amino ... | 2009 | 20560646 |
| intramuscularly adminsistered peptide a3-apo is effective against carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in mouse models of systemic infections. | most antibacterial peptides exhibit low therapeutic indices in vivo. peptide a3-apo was shown to exhibit high potency against escherichia coli bacteremia when added intraperitoneally. to extend the studies to systemic infections against multidrug-resistant organisms, we studied the efficacy of a3-apo in mouse models of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii infection. when administered either intravenously at 2.5 mg/kg or intramuscularly (im) at 5 mg/kg twice or three times to mice infecte ... | 2010 | 20564029 |
| chromosomally encoded blacmy-2 located on a novel sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative element in a proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. although sxt/r391-related ices, originally demonstrated in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates, have become prevalent among v. cholerae isolates in asia, the prevalence of the ices among gram-negative bacteria other than vibrio spp. remains unknown. in addition, sxt/r391-related ices carrying g ... | 2010 | 20566768 |
| acute necrotizing cholangiohepatitis with clostridium perfringens: a rare cause of post-transplantation mortality. | | 2010 | 20567578 |
| [endocarditis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobacter cloacae]. | | 2010 | 20570073 |
| antibacterial properties of tualang honey and its effect in burn wound management: a comparative study. | the use of honey as a natural product of apis spp. for burn treatment has been widely applied for centuries. tualang honey has been reported to have antibacterial properties against various microorganisms, including those from burn-related diagnoses, and is cheaper and easier to be absorbed by aquacel dressing. the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of tualang honey dressing and to determine its effectiveness as a partial thickness burn wound dressing. | 2010 | 20576085 |
| reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of iga immune responses. | the lower intestine of adult mammals is densely colonized with nonpathogenic (commensal) microbes. gut bacteria induce protective immune responses, which ensure host-microbial mutualism. the continuous presence of commensal intestinal bacteria has made it difficult to study mucosal immune dynamics. here, we report a reversible germ-free colonization system in mice that is independent of diet or antibiotic manipulation. a slow (more than 14 days) onset of a long-lived (half-life over 16 weeks), h ... | 2010 | 20576892 |
| detection of enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying metallo-beta-lactamase - united states, 2010. | during january-june 2010, three enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying a newly described resistance mechanism, the new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (ndm-1), were identified from three u.s. states at the cdc antimicrobial susceptibility laboratory. this is the first report of ndm-1 in the united states, and the first report of metallo-beta-lactamase carriage among enterobacteriaceae in the united states. these isolates, which include an escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloa ... | 2010 | 20577157 |
| [dynamics of acquires resistance in the main gramnegative pathogens of surgical infections to beta-lactams in 2004-2008]. | resistance of 2134 clinical isolates of etiologically significant species of gramnegative bacteria to 5 beta-lactam antibiotics, i. e. cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, imipenem and ceftazidime (the 3rd generation cephalosporin) as the reference drug was investigated for the period of 5 years (2004-2008). in total, 554 strains of e. coli, 578 strains of p. aeruginosa, 255 strains of acinetobacter spp., 161 strains of proteus mirabilis, 359 strains of klebsiella pneumonia ... | 2010 | 20583554 |
| t-cell-independent immune responses do not require cxc ligand 13-mediated b1 cell migration. | the dynamic movement of b cells increases the probability of encountering specific antigen and facilitates cell-cell interactions required for mounting a rapid antibody response. b1a and b1b cells are enriched in the coelomic cavity, contribute to t-cell-independent (ti) antibody responses, and increase in number upon antigen exposure. b1 cell movement is largely governed by cxc ligand 13 (cxcl13), and mice deficient in this chemokine have a severe reduction in peritoneal b1 cells. in this study ... | 2010 | 20584971 |
| emergence of vim-12 in enterobacter cloacae. | detection of the bla(vim-12) gene within the originally described inh12 integron in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae is reported for the first time worldwide. integron inh12 was carried on a conjugative plasmid of approximately 85 kb which also conferred resistance to aztreonam, likely due to ampc production. | 2010 | 20592145 |
| bench-to-bedside review: the role of beta-lactamases in antibiotic-resistant gram-negative infections. | multidrug resistance has been increasing among gram-negative bacteria and is strongly associated with the production of both chromosomal- and plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases, whose number now exceeds 890. many of the newer enzymes exhibit broad-spectrum hydrolytic activity against most classes of beta-lactams. the most important plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases include (a) ampc cephalosporinases produced in high quantities, (b) the expanding families of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases such as t ... | 2010 | 20594363 |
| protein-protein interactions between sigma(70) region 4 of rna polymerase and escherichia coli soxs, a transcription activator that functions by the prerecruitment mechanism: evidence for "off-dna" and "on-dna" interactions. | according to the prerecruitment hypothesis, escherichia coli soxs activates the transcription of the genes of the soxrs regulon by forming binary complexes with rna polymerase (rnap) that scan the chromosome for class i and class ii soxs-dependent promoters. we showed previously that the alpha subunit's c-terminal domain plays a role in activating both classes of promoter by making protein-protein contacts with soxs; some of these contacts are made in solution in the absence of promoter dna, a c ... | 2010 | 20595001 |
| successful treatment of a chronic facial abscess using a prolonged release antibiotic copolymer in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia). | a 3-yr-old, female captive golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia) developed an abscess initially within the oral cavity that progressed to the cheek. treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxizole/trimethoprim resulted in temporary resolution of the abscess. cultures from the abscess included escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, hemolytic staphylococcus, and serratia marcescens. histopathology was consistent with chronic cellulitis. ceftazidime mixed with ... | 2010 | 20597224 |
| antineoplastic agents 582. part 1: isolation and structure of a cyclobutane-type sesquiterpene cancer cell growth inhibitor from coprinus cinereus (coprinaceae). | bioassay-guided (murine p388 lymphocytic leukemia and human cancer cell lines) separation of an ethyl acetate extract prepared from the inky cap fungus coprinus cinereus led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpenes, 7,7a-diepicoprinastatin 1 (1), 14-hydroxy-5-desoxy-2s,3s,9r-illudosin (2), and 4,5-dehydro-5-deoxyarmillol (3), together with the known armillol (4). the structure and relative configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction experiments. the structures of co ... | 2010 | 20598551 |
| aerobic biogenesis of selenium nanospheres by bacillus cereus isolated from coalmine soil. | microorganisms that are exposed to pollutants in the environment, such as metals/metalloids, have a remarkable ability to fight the metal stress by various mechanisms. these metal-microbe interactions have already found an important role in biotechnological applications. it is only recently that microorganisms have been explored as potential biofactories for synthesis of metal/metalloid nanoparticles. biosynthesis of selenium (se 0) nanospheres in aerobic conditions by a bacterial strain isolate ... | 2010 | 20602763 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ibuprofen and acetaminophen. | ibuprofen and acetaminophen are common chemical agents that have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity. | 2010 | 20606962 |
| multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii: a descriptive study in a city hospital. | multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii, (mrab) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. the purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors for mrab in a city hospital patient population. | 2010 | 20609238 |
| evaluation of pathogen removal in a solar sludge drying facility using microbial indicators. | south east queensland is one of the fastest growing regions in australia with a correspondingly rapid increase in sewage production. in response, local councils are investing in more effective and sustainable options for the treatment and reuse of domestic and industrial effluents. a novel, evaporative solar dryer system has been installed on the sunshine coast to convert sewage sludge into a drier, usable form of biosolids through solar radiation exposure resulting in decreased moisture concent ... | 2010 | 20616991 |
| high prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in a pediatric unit in madagascar. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae have spread worldwide but there are few reports on carriage in hospitals in low-income countries. esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) have been increasingly isolated from nosocomial infections in antananarivo, madagascar. | 2010 | 20624313 |
| iatrogenic gastric wall abscess infected with enterobacter cloacae after biopsy. | | 2010 | 20630525 |
| accumulation of poly[(r)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] in enterobacter cloacae su-1 during growth with two different carbon sources in batch culture. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are polymers of hydroxyalkanoate, which are accumulated by many bacteria as food storage material under excess carbon source and limited nitrogen source. in our study, enterobacter cloacae su-1 isolated from the rhizospheric soil of arachis hypogea was allowed to grow as batch culture in minimal media containing either glucose or lactose, and the pattern of pha accumulation by e. cloacae su-1 was studied. e. cloacae su-1 was found to accumulate 94% of pha/dry weight ... | 2011 | 20632129 |
| molecular characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae and the prevalence of qnr in extended spectrum beta-lactamase isolates in a tertiary care hospital in korea. | extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are cephalosporinases that confer resistance to a wide variety of oxyimino cephalosporins and create serious therapeutic problems. in addition, the quinolone resistance qnr genes are becoming increasingly prevalent in clinical isolates, some of which also produce esbl. this study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and genotypic distribution of esbl producing escherichia coli (e. coli) and klebsiella pneumoniae (k. pneumoniae) as well as the prevalen ... | 2010 | 20635454 |
| common origin of plasmid encoded alpha-hemolysin genes in escherichia coli. | alpha (alpha)-hemolysin is a pore forming cytolysin and serves as a virulence factor in intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic strains of e. coli. it was suggested that the genes encoding alpha-hemolysin (hlycabd) which can be found on the chromosome and plasmid, were acquired through horizontal gene transfer. plasmid-encoded alpha-hly is associated with certain enterotoxigenic (etec), shigatoxigenic (stec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strains. in uropathogenic e. coli (upec), the alph ... | 2010 | 20637130 |
| use of the lightcycler septifast test for rapid etiologic diagnosis of nosocomial infection in gynecological sepsis. | a new molecular biology technique was used in 2 subjects with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and negative blood cultures, in which broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered, without a visible improvement. case 1: a 33-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of septic shock originating in the abdomen was admitted in a bad general state, presenting with systemic inflammatory response. the patient's general condition did not improve. as an alternative, we used molecular biology. candid ... | 2010 | 20639648 |
| [investigation of distribution of bacteria and fungi in severe acute pancreatitis]. | to investigate the spectrum of bacteria and fungi in different sites in severe acute pancreatitis (sap). | 2010 | 20646657 |
| elimination of rubisco alters the regulation of nitrogenase activity and increases hydrogen production in rhodospirillum rubrum. | nitrogenase not only reduces atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, but also reduces protons to hydrogen (h(2)). the nitrogenase system is the primary means of h(2) production under photosynthetic and nitrogen-limiting conditions in many photosynthetic bacteria, including rhodospirillum rubrum. the efficiency of this biological h(2) production largely depends on the nitrogenase enzyme and the availability of atp and electrons in the cell. previous studies showed that blockage of the co(2) fixation pat ... | 2010 | 20652089 |
| implication of porins in beta-lactam resistance of providencia stuartii. | an integrative approach combining biophysical and microbiological methods was used to characterize the antibiotic translocation through the outer membrane of providencia stuartii. two novel members of the general bacterial porin family of enterobacteriaceae, named omppst1 and omppst2, were identified in p. stuartii. in the presence of ertapenem (ert), cefepime (fep), and cefoxitin (fox) in growth media, several resistant derivatives of p. stuartii atcc 29914 showed omppst1-deficiency. these pori ... | 2010 | 20667831 |
| production of biogenic amines "in vitro" in relation to the growth phase by enterobacteriaceae species isolated from traditional sausages. | histidine, lysine, ornithine and tyrosine decarboxylase activities were tested in 79 strains of enterobacteriaceae (41 of hafnia alvei, 17 of serratia liquefaciens, 5 of enterobacter cloacae, 4 of citrobacter braakii, 2 of proteus vulgaris, 2 of proteus mirabilis, 2 of providencia stuartii, 2 of klebsiella terrigena, 1 of rahnella aquatilis, 1 of salmonella arizonae, 1 of citrobacter youngae and 1 of escherichia coli) isolated from botillo, a spanish traditional sausage. in general, the strains ... | 2010 | 20673614 |
| clostridium difficile bacteremia, taiwan. | to determine clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with clostridium difficile bacteremia (cdb), we identified 12 patients with cdb in 2 medical centers in taiwan; all had underlying systemic diseases. five had gastrointestinal diseases or conditions, including pseudomembranous colitis (2 patients); 4 recalled diarrhea, but only 5 had recent exposure to antimicrobial drugs. ten available isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. five isolates had c. difficile toxin a o ... | 2010 | 20678312 |
| rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa from positive blood cultures by quantitative pcr. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for numerous bloodstream infections associated with severe adverse outcomes in case of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. the present study was aimed to develop a novel quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay, using ecfx as the specific target gene, for the rapid and accurate identification of p. aeruginosa from positive blood cultures (bcs). | 2010 | 20684778 |
| biochip system for rapid and accurate identification of mycobacterial species from isolates and sputum. | the accurate detection of mycobacterial species from isolates and clinical samples is important for pathogenic diagnosis and treatment and for disease control. there is an urgent need for the development of a rapid, simple, and accurate detection method. we established a biochip assay system, including a biochip, sample preparation apparatus, hybridization instrument, chip washing machine, and laser confocal scanner equipped with interpretation software for automatic diagnosis. the biochip simul ... | 2010 | 20686082 |
| outbreak of vim-1-carbapenemase-producing enterobacter cloacae in a pediatric intensive care unit. | pediatric patients are rarely infected with metallo-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. we describe 3 cases of children infected with vim-1-producing clonal enterobacter cloacae. patients were treated with amikacin and cotrimoxazole. the blavim-1 gene was carried into a class 1 integron and an inchi2 incompatibility group plasmid. emergence of pediatric infections caused by carbapenemases-producing enterobacteriaceae is a critical issue as they are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics. | 2010 | 20686438 |
| influence of third-generation cephalosporin resistance on adult in-hospital mortality from post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis. | to investigate the clinical features, etiology and predictors of in-hospital mortality in adults with post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis. | 2010 | 20688290 |
| in vitro synergistic antimicrobial effect of imipenem and colistin against an isolate of multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae is an important nosocomial pathogen responsible for various infections. little is known about the synergistic effects of imipenem and colistin against multidrug-resistant e. cloacae. therefore, we investigated the in vitro effects of imipenem and colistin against a clinical isolate of multidrug-resistant e. cloacae. | 2010 | 20688292 |
| prevalence of cole1-like plasmids and kanamycin resistance genes in salmonella enterica serovars. | multi-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica strains frequently carry resistance genes on plasmids. recent studies focus heavily on large conjugative plasmids, and the role that small plasmids play in resistance gene transfer is largely unknown. to expand our previous studies in assessing the prevalence of the isolates harboring cole1-like plasmids carrying the aph gene responsible for kanamycin resistance (kan(r)) phenotypes, 102 kan(r) salmonella isolates collected through the national an ... | 2010 | 20693446 |
| prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in mexico: special focus on acinetobacter baumannii. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance of acinetobacter baumannii and other pathogens at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in mexico over a 3-year period. clinical isolates of a. baumannii (n = 550), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 250), some enterobacteriaceae species (n = 500) and staphylococcus aureus (n = 250) collected over a 3-year period were included. susceptibility tests were performed by the broth microdilution method. 74% of a. baumannii, 40% of escherichia coli, ... | 2010 | 20693798 |
| emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in india, pakistan, and the uk: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study. | gram-negative enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenem conferred by new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (ndm-1) are potentially a major global health problem. we investigated the prevalence of ndm-1, in multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in india, pakistan, and the uk. | 2010 | 20705517 |
| efficacy of calcium-edta as an inhibitor for metallo-β-lactamase in a mouse model of pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. | in this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of calcium-edta (ca-edta) as an inhibitor of bacterial metalloenzymes, such as metallo-β-lactamase (mbl) and other proteases, in a mouse model of pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. the simultaneous presence of ca-edta (32 μg/ml) reduced the mics of imipenem (ipm) in all mbl-producing p. aeruginosa isolates (imp-1, -2, -7, and -10 and vim-2) but not non-mbl-producing strains. in the pneumonia model, mice were intranasally infected with mbl-producing p. ... | 2010 | 20713659 |
| ampg gene of pseudomonas aeruginosa and its role in β-lactamase expression. | in enterobacteria, the ampg gene encodes a transmembrane protein (permease) that transports 1,6-glcnac-anhydro-murnac and the 1,6-glcnac-anhydro-murnac peptide from the periplasm to the cytoplasm, which serve as signal molecules for the induction of ampc β-lactamase. the role of ampg as a transporter is also essential for cell wall recycling. pseudomonas aeruginosa carries two ampg homologues, ampg (pa4393) and ampgh1 (pa4218), with 45 and 41% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, to esche ... | 2010 | 20713660 |
| seasonal variation, chemical composition, and analgesic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from leaves of tetradenia riparia (hochst.) codd in southern brazil. | the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of the essential oil from fresh leaves of tetradenia riparia (hochst.) codd grown in southern brazil was analyzed by gc-ms, and the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of this oil were assayed. the yield of essential oil ranged from 0.17% to 0.26%, with the maximum amount in winter and the minimum in spring. the results obtained from principal components analysis (pca) revealed the existence of high chemical variability in the different seaso ... | 2010 | 20714310 |
| diversity and strength of internal outward-oriented promoters in group iic-attc introns. | integrons are genetic elements that incorporate mobile gene cassettes by site-specific recombination and express them as an operon from a promoter (pc) located upstream of the cassette insertion site. most gene cassettes found in integrons contain only one gene followed by an attc recombination site. we have recently shown that a specific lineage of group iic introns, named group iic-attc introns, inserts into the bottom strand sequence of attc sites. here, we show that s.ma.i2, a group iic-attc ... | 2010 | 20716518 |
| antibiotic producing potentials of three freshwater actinomycetes isolated from the eastern cape province of south africa. | crude extracts of three actinomycetes species belonging to saccharopolyspora (tr 046 and tr 039) and actinosynnema (tr 024) genera were screened for antibacterial activities against a panel of several bacterial strains. the extracts showed antibacterial activities against both gram-negative and gram-positive test bacteria with inhibition zones ranging from 8 to 28 mm (tr 046); 8 to15 mm (tr 039); and 10 to 13 mm (tr 024). the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.078 to 10 mg/ml (tr 04 ... | 2010 | 20717525 |
| multiplex blood pcr in combination with blood cultures for improvement of microbiological documentation of infection in febrile neutropenia. | the frequent lack of microbiological documentation of infection by blood cultures (bc) has a major impact on clinical management of febrile neutropenic patients, especially in cases of unexplained persistent fever. we assessed the diagnostic utility of the lightcycler septifast test (sf), a multiplex blood pcr, in febrile neutropenia. blood for bc and sf was drawn at the onset of fever and every 3 days of persistent fever. sf results were compared with those of bc, clinical documentation of infe ... | 2010 | 20720024 |
| prospective study of urinary tract infection surveillance after kidney transplantation. | urinary tract infection (uti) remains one of the main complications after kidney transplantation and it has serious consequences. | 2010 | 20723254 |
| [analysis of drug resistance and risk factors of enterobacteriaceae in burn units]. | to study the risk factors of infection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl)-producing strains and drug resistance of enterobacteriaceae that infected burn patients. | 2010 | 20723421 |
| in vitro ciprofloxacin resistance profiles among gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital. | to evaluate the trends of ciprofloxacin resistance pattern in commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria over time in a saudi arabian teaching hospital. | 2010 | 20726190 |
| evaluation of pathogen detection from clinical samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction using a sepsis pathogen dna detection kit. | sepsis is a serious medical condition that requires rapidly administered, appropriate antibiotic treatment. conventional methods take three or more days for final pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. we organized a prospective observational multicenter study in three study sites to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and potential clinical utility of the septifast system, a multiplex pathogen detection system used in the clinical setting to support early diagnosis of bl ... | 2010 | 20731880 |
| obstacles of multiplex real-time pcr for bacterial 16s rdna: primer specifity and dna decontamination of taq polymerase. | background: the detection of a broad range of bacteria by pcr is applied for the screening of blood and blood products with special attention to platelet concentrates. for practical use it is desirable that detection systems include gram-positive, gram-negative and non-gram-stainable bacteria. it is quite challenging to achieve high sensitivity along with a clear negative control with pcr reagents, because especially taq polymerase is contaminated with traces of bacterial dna. methods: bacterial ... | 2010 | 20737013 |
| adaptor protein is essential for insect cytokine signaling in hemocytes. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is an insect cytokine that stimulates a class of immune cells called plasmatocytes to adhere to one another and to foreign surfaces. although extensive structure-activity studies have been performed on the gbp and its mutants in lepidoptera pseudaletia separata, the signaling pathway of gbp-dependent activation of plasmatocytes remains unknown. we identified an adaptor protein (p77) with a molecular mass of 77 kda containing sh2/sh3 domain binding motifs and an immu ... | 2010 | 20798052 |
| the clinical and prognostic importance of positive blood cultures in adults. | bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. bloodstream infections should be reassessed periodically because of increased antibiotic resistance, more patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy, improved antiretroviral therapy, and acquisition of infection in health care settings other than hospitals. | 2010 | 20800151 |
| sensitization of microcin j25-resistant strains by a membrane-permeabilizing peptide. | microcin j25 (mccj25) is a plasmid-encoded, 21-amino-acid, antibacterial peptide produced by escherichia coli. mccj25 inhibits rna polymerase and the membrane respiratory chain. mccj25 uptake into e. coli-sensitive strains is mediated by the outer membrane receptor fhua and the inner membrane proteins tonb, exbb, exbd, and sbma. this peptide is active on some e. coli, salmonella, and shigella species strains, while other gram-negative bacteria, such as clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ... | 2010 | 20802073 |