| detection of cwd prions in urine and saliva of deer by transgenic mouse bioassay. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease affecting captive and free-ranging cervids (e.g. deer, elk, and moose). the mechanisms of cwd transmission are poorly understood, though bodily fluids are thought to play an important role. here we report the presence of infectious prions in the urine and saliva of deer with chronic wasting disease (cwd). prion infectivity was detected by bioassay of concentrated, dialyzed urine and saliva in transgenic mice expressing the cervid prp gene (tg[cerp ... | 2009 | 19293928 |
| influence of soil acidification in southern norway on the 137cs exposure of moose? | the mean (137)cs activity concentration in 278 liver samples of moose (alces alces) from 16 municipalities located in different parts of norway varied within the range 43-752 bq kg(-1) among the municipalities. in general the geographical variation corresponded to the fallout pattern produced by the chernobyl accident. in three communities in the southernmost part of the country however the transfer factor, defined as the activity in moose liver divided by the corresponding level in surface soil ... | 2009 | 19303135 |
| even-toed but uneven in length: the digits of artiodactyls. | in captive ruminants housed in small enclosures, hypertrophy of the outer hooves of the hindlimbs is often observed. we hypothesised that the underlying cause is overload attributable to an asymmetry of the digits, especially with respect to their length. to test this hypothesis, the bones of the digits of four species of artiodactyls, which included 11 wild chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), 11 captive fallow deer (dama dama), 11 captive bison (bison bison) and 11 european moose (alces alces; 9 wil ... | 2009 | 19386479 |
| dermoid cysts in caribou. | subcutaneous dermoid cysts were identified in eight wild caribou (rangifer tarandus) from widely dispersed locations in northern canada and in one wild caribou from alaska. the dermoid cysts from canadian caribou were found among 557 diagnostic specimens that had been detected by hunters and submitted by resource officers and biologists between 1 january 1966 and 15 may 2007. all of the cysts were located in the cervical region, and five of nine cysts were found in the throat area. all of the an ... | 2009 | 19395761 |
| synthesis, structure characterization, and enzyme screening of clenbuterol glucuronides. | two clenbuterol o-glucuronide diastereomers were synthesized by the koenigs-knorr reaction. structures and glucuronidation sites of the glucuronides were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the two diastereomers were used as standard compounds in studies of stereoselective glucuronidation of clenbuterol with liver microsomes from different species and with 15 human recombinant udp-glucuronosyltransferases. in this study, chemical and enzymatic r ... | 2009 | 19447177 |
| no 'bypass' in adult ruminants: passage of fluid ingested vs. fluid inserted into the rumen in fistulated muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and moose (alces alces). | in young ruminants, the reticular groove ensures that ingested milk is channelled past the forestomach to avoid malfermentation. it has been speculated that some adult wild ruminants, in particular browsing species, maintain a functional oesophageal (reticular) groove, that soluble nutrients can thus bypass the rumen, and that thus the energetic gain from the diet can be increased. we inserted a fluid marker (co-edta) via cannula into the rumen and simultaneously fed a diet that contained a seco ... | 2009 | 19497382 |
| summer dietary nitrogen availability as a potential bottom-up constraint on moose in south-central alaska. | recent studies suggest that the growth and fecundity of northern ungulates may be coupled to their summer nutrition. here, we compare summer dietary nitrogen availability of the five major browse plants (comprising approximately 79% of the diet) of moose (alces alces) in denali national park and nelchina basin, alaska, usa. in recent years the productivity of denali moose has been significantly higher than that of nelchina moose, prompting this comparison. we examined the phenological progressio ... | 2009 | 19537559 |
| experiments on the ectoparasitic deer ked that often attacks humans; preferences for body parts, colour and temperature. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) can fail in its host search. host search fails when an individual deer ked irreversibly accepts a host unsuitable for its reproduction (e.g. a human) and drops its wings. in northern europe, the main host of the deer ked is the moose (alces alces). the deer ked is increasingly causing serious problems for humans (for example, causing deer ked dermatitis) and is considered a threat for the recreational use of forests. the adult deer ked flies in early and mid-autumn ... | 2010 | 19698197 |
| dna repair gene polymorphisms and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | polymorphisms of dna repair-related genes might modulate cancer predisposition. we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence regarding the relationship between these polymorphisms and the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. relevant studies were searched using pubmed, medline, embase, cancerlit, cochrane and isi web of knowledge databases. data were gathered according to the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose) guidelines. the model-fr ... | 2009 | 19706646 |
| susceptibilities of nonhuman primates to chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, or prion disease, that affects deer, elk, and moose. human susceptibility to cwd remains unproven despite likely exposure to cwd-infected cervids. we used 2 nonhuman primate species, cynomolgus macaques and squirrel monkeys, as human models for cwd susceptibility. cwd was inoculated into these 2 species by intracerebral and oral routes. after intracerebral inoculation of squirrel monkeys, 7 of 8 cwd isolates induced a cl ... | 2009 | 19788803 |
| postmortal radiographic diagnosis of laminitis in a captive european moose (alces alces). | a five year-old bull moose (alces alces) was culled due to chronic hoof overgrowth that required frequent intervention. radiographic examination revealed changes in phalangeal bone structure usually considered indicative for laminitis in domestic cattle; similar changes were absent in the hooves of a free-ranging moose of similar age. the captive animal had been maintained in exhibits whose flooring were much harder than the soil in natural moose habitat, and on a diet with a high proportion of ... | 2009 | 19885800 |
| differential passage of fluids and different-sized particles in fistulated oxen (bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and moose (alces alces): rumen particle size discrimination is independent from contents stratification. | ruminant species differ in the degree that their rumen contents are stratified but are similar insofar that only very fine particles are passed from the forestomach to the lower digestive tract. we investigated the passage kinetics of fluid and particle markers (2, 10 and 20 mm) in fistulated cattle (bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and moose (alces alces) on different diets. the distribution of dry matter in the rumen and the viscosity of rum ... | 2010 | 19896552 |
| fostering community-based wildlife health monitoring and research in the canadian north. | many northern canadians have continued a subsistence lifestyle of wildlife harvesting and, therefore, value sustainable wildlife populations. at a regional wildlife workshop in the sahtu settlement area, northwest territories in 2002, elders and community leaders raised concerns regarding wildlife health, food safety, and the effects of climate change on wildlife. they requested that efforts be put toward training youth in science and increasing involvement of hunters and youth in wildlife resea ... | 2009 | 19953294 |
| molecular characterization of five sarcocystis species in red deer ( cervus elaphus), including sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., reveals that these species are not intermediate host specific. | muscle tissue from 37 red deer from norway was examined for sarcocysts. sarcocysts from 2 reindeer were obtained for comparative studies. cysts were excised and morphologically classified by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dna sequence analysis. five sarcocystis species, sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., sarcocystis hardangeri, sarcocystis ovalis, sarcocystis rangiferi, and sarcocystis tarandi, were found. all 5 species have previously been identified from either reindeer or moose b ... | 2010 | 19961651 |
| from mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of giardia isolates from various animal species. | giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite that consists of seven genetically distinct assemblages (a to g). assemblage a and b parasites have been detected in a wide range of animals including humans, while the other assemblages (c to g) appear to have a narrower host range. however, the knowledge about zoonotic transmission of g. intestinalis is limited. to address this question, 114 giardia isolates from various animals in sweden including pets, livestock, wildlife and captive non-human pri ... | 2010 | 19969422 |
| bovine tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: an updated history. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wild animals attracted little attention in canada until the disease was almost eliminated from domestic livestock. tuberculosis was endemic in plains bison and occurred in elk, moose, and mule deer in buffalo national park (bnp), alberta during the 1920s and 1930s. bison were moved from bnp to wood buffalo national park (wbnp), where tuberculosis became, and remains, endemic in bison, posing a risk to efforts to restore bison in northern canada. tuberculosis was ... | 2009 | 20119541 |
| influence of forage preferences and habitat use on 13c and 15n abundance in wild caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (alces alces) from canada. | stable isotope composition (delta(13)c and delta(15)n) of moose (alces alces) and caribou (rangifer tarandus) hair from the boreal forest of jacques-cartier park and cote-nord (quebec) and arctic tundra of queen maud gulf and southampton island (nunavut) was investigated as an indicator of dietary preferences and habitat use. values of delta(13)c(hair) and delta(15)n(hair) in moose were consistently lower compared to those of caribou. this is consistent with the depletion in (13)c and (15)n in t ... | 2010 | 20229388 |
| pathogenesis of chronic wasting disease in cervidized transgenic mice. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal, endemic prion disease of wild and captive cervids, including deer, elk, and moose. typical of prion diseases, cwd is characterized by the conversion of the native, protease-sensitive protein prp(c) to a protease-resistant isoform, denoted as prp(res). here we have studied the expression of cervid prp(c) and the pathogenesis of cwd infection in transgenic mice expressing the normal cervid prion protein (tg[cerprp] mice). using tissue-based in situ immunoh ... | 2010 | 20395435 |
| non-invasive measurement of thyroid hormone in feces of a diverse array of avian and mammalian species. | we developed and validated a non-invasive thyroid hormone measure in feces of a diverse array of birds and mammals. an i(131) radiolabel ingestion study in domestic dogs coupled with high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis, showed that peak excretion in feces occurred at 24-48h post-ingestion, with i(131)-labelled thyroid hormone metabolites excreted primarily as triiodothyronine (t3) and relatively little thyroxine (t4), at all excretion times examined. the immunoreactive t3 profile ... | 2010 | 20412809 |
| climate change promotes the emergence of serious disease outbreaks of filarioid nematodes. | filarioid parasites represent major health hazards with important medical, veterinary, and economic implications, and considerable potential to affect the everyday lives of tens of millions of people globally (world health organization, 2007). scenarios for climate change vary latitudinally and regionally and involve direct and indirect linkages for increasing temperature and the dissemination, amplification, and invasiveness of vector-borne parasites. high latitude regions are especially influe ... | 2010 | 20422252 |
| toxoplasma gondii in wild cervids and sheep in finland: north-south gradient in seroprevalence. | a nationwide seroepidemiological study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in selected wild and domestic ruminants in finland. serum samples from 1367 game cervids collected during the hunting season in 2008-2009 and 1940 sheep sera collected in 2008 were screened with a commercial direct agglutination test at a serum dilution of 1:40. t. gondii-specific igg antibodies were detected in 116 (9.6%) of 1215 moose (european elk, alces alces), 36 (26.7%) of 135 white-tailed ... | 2010 | 20434266 |
| forage quantity, quality and depletion as scale-dependent mechanisms driving habitat selection of a large browsing herbivore. | 1. mechanisms that affect the spatial distribution of animals are typically scale-dependent and may involve forage distribution. forage quality and quantity are often inversely correlated and a much discussed trade-off is whether or not to select for high-quality forage at the expense of forage abundance. this discussion has rarely involved scale-dependence or been applied to northern browsing herbivores. at small spatial scales, browsers are assumed to select for the best quality forage. but, a ... | 2010 | 20443990 |
| the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) are definitive hosts of sarcocystis alces and sarcocystis hjorti from moose (alces alces). | the aim of this study was to determine whether foxes might act as definitive hosts of sarcocystis alces in moose. in 2 experiments, 6 silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 6 blue foxes (vulpes lagopus) were fed muscle tissue from moose containing numerous sarcocysts of s. alces, and euthanazed 7-28 days post-infection (p.i.). intestinal mucosal scrapings and faecal samples were screened microscopically for sarcocystis oocysts/sporocysts, which were identified to species by means of species-specific p ... | 2010 | 20500918 |
| chronic wasting disease prions are not transmissible to transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease that affects free-ranging and captive cervids, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, rocky mountain elk and moose. cwd-infected cervids have been reported in 14 usa states, two canadian provinces and in south korea. the possibility of a zoonotic transmission of cwd prions via diet is of particular concern in north america where hunting of cervids is a popular sport. to investigate the potential public health risks posed by cwd prions, we have in ... | 2010 | 20610667 |
| measured elemental transfer factors for boreal hunter/gatherer scenarios: fish, game and berries. | the environmental assessment of long-term nuclear waste management requires data to estimate food chain transfers for radionuclides in various environmental settings. for key elements such as iodine (i) and chlorine (cl), there is a paucity of transfer factor data, particularly outside of agricultural food chains. this study dealt with transfers of i, cl and 28 other elements to foods that would be typical of boreal hunter/gatherer lifestyles, as well as being common foods for modern recreationa ... | 2010 | 20619514 |
| neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife. | free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ... | 2010 | 20688628 |
| deep mitochondrial dna lineage divergences within alberta populations of dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae) do not indicate distinct species. | the winter tick dermacentor albipictus (packard) has a single-host life cycle that allows it to reach severe infestation levels on ungulates, particularly moose. genotypic variation within these and related ticks has been a source of taxonomic confusion, although the continuity in their morphology and life history has generally been interpreted as indicating the existence of a single species. to further investigate this variation, we sequenced regions of two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genes (coi ... | 2010 | 20695271 |
| corvid birds (corvidae) act as definitive hosts for sarcocystis ovalis in moose (alces alces). | epidemiological data and a unique phylogenetic position had suggested that sarcocystis ovalis in moose and red deer might use a definitive host other than canids, felids, or humans. corvid birds and rats were therefore evaluated as potential definitive hosts for this species in a small pilot study. four laboratory rats were each inoculated with 10 or 25 sarcocysts of s. ovalis isolated from moose, but no sarcocystis oocysts were detected in their intestinal mucosa upon euthanasia 2 to 3 weeks la ... | 2010 | 20697910 |
| hammondia triffittae n. comb. of foxes ( vulpes spp.): biological and molecular characteristics and differentiation from hammondia heydorni of dogs. | genomic dnas from 3 oocyst isolates of hammondia sp. from foxes (vulpes vulpes and v. lagopus) and 1 oocyst isolate of hammondia heydorni from a dog, were examined by pcr and sequence analysis of 6 loci in order to determine whether the isolates were conspecific. consistent genetic differences were found between the fox and dog isolates, respectively, at the its-2 region, the lsu rrna gene, the alpha tubulin gene and the hsp70 gene, but not at the ssu rrna gene or its-1 locus. infection experime ... | 2011 | 20854709 |
| parasitism of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, on the moose, alces alces, in eastern finland. | the deer ked, lipoptena cervi l. (diptera: hippoboscidae), is an ectoparasitic fly that spread to finland in the early 1960s from the southeast across the soviet border. it is currently a common parasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae), in the southern part of the country and its area of distribution is gradually spreading to finnish lapland, where it will come into contact with another potential cervid host, the semi-domesticated reindeer, rangifer tarandus tarandus. the aim ... | 2010 | 20868432 |
| northward invasion of the parasitic deer ked ( lipoptena cervi), is there geographical variation in pupal size and development duration? | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a common ectoparasite of cervids. during the last decades the species has rapidly invaded in northern europe, especially in finland, towards the north and increased its prevalence on the moose population. consequently, during this rapid invasion the deer ked has faced more severe climatic conditions. we studied whether pupal size (measured as pupal weight) and pupal development duration of the deer ked varies along historical invasion zones and temperature zones ... | 2010 | 20880422 |
| association analysis of prnp gene region with chronic wasting disease in rocky mountain elk. | abstract: | 2010 | 21087518 |
| the effect of size and density on the mean retention time of particles in the reticulorumen of cattle ( bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus) and moose ( alces alces). | particle passage from the reticulorumen (rr) depends on particle density and size. forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the rr. particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). we investigated these effects independently, by inserting plastic particles of different sizes (1, 10 and 20 mm) and densities (1·03, 1·20 and 1·44 mg/ml) in ... | 2010 | 21144130 |
| summer movements, predation and habitat use of wolves in human modified boreal forests. | grey wolves (canis lupus), formerly extirpated in finland, have recolonized a boreal forest environment that has been significantly altered by humans, becoming a patchwork of managed forests and clearcuts crisscrossed by roads, power lines, and railways. little is known about how the wolves utilize this impacted ecosystem, especially during the pup-rearing summer months. we tracked two wolves instrumented with gps collars transmitting at 30-min intervals during two summers in eastern finland, vi ... | 2011 | 21207232 |
| caribou, wolves and man. | the migratory tundra caribou/reindeer in the holarctic now number three million and are increasing, approaching estimated pristine quantities in north america. in contrast, the sedentary forest races south of the tree-line number about 325 000 animals, and are declining in some areas in both eurasia and north america. the chief natural mortality factor determining the survival of neonates and adults is predation; the wolf is the major predator. recruitment and natural adult mortality are approxi ... | 1988 | 21227095 |
| prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. t. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. n. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of t. gondii, and n. caninum i ... | 2010 | 21232869 |
| moose and birch: how to live on low-quality diets. | ten years ago, the question of forage use by moose largely focused on whether nutritive factors or secondary compounds determined their use of individual tree species. today, it is clear that both are important. research during the last few years has tried to explain the hierarchical decisions in the foraging patterns of moose. | 1992 | 21235938 |
| what data are available on the extent of illicit drug use and dependence globally? results of four systematic reviews. | background: we systematically reviewed availability and quality of data on the prevalence of use and dependence on meth/amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioids. methods: multiple search strategies: (a) peer-reviewed literature searches (1990-2008) using methods recommended by the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (moose) group; (b) systematic searches of online databases; (c) internet searches to find other published evidence of drug use; (d) repeated consultation and fee ... | 2011 | 21377813 |
| geographical variation in host use of a blood-feeding ectoparasitic fly: implications for population invasiveness. | invasive generalist ectoparasites provide a tool to study factors affecting expansion rates. an increase in the number of host species may facilitate geographic range expansion by increasing the number of suitable habitats and by affecting local extinction and colonization rates. a geographic perspective on parasite host specificity and its implications on range expansion are, however, insufficiently understood. we conducted a field study to explore if divergent host specificity could explain th ... | 2011 | 21390490 |
| an analytical platform for cumulative impact assessment based on multiple futures: the impact of petroleum drilling and forest harvesting on moose (alces alces) and marten (martes americana) habitats in northeastern british columbia. | the combined influence on the environment of all projects occurring in a single area is evaluated through cumulative impact assessments (cia), which consider the consequences of multiple projects, each insignificant on its own, yet important when evaluated collectively. traditionally, future human activities are included in cia using an analytical platform, commonly based on complex models that supply precise predictions but with reduced accuracy. to compensate for the lack of accuracy in curren ... | 2011 | 21396768 |
| experimental infection of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) has no negative effects on the physiology of the captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of cervids that spread to finland in the early 1960's. presently its northern distribution limit lies at approximately 65°n and it is gradually spreading northwards. in finland the principal host species has been the moose (alces alces), but the deer ked is about to establish contact with another potential host, the semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) causing possible threats to reindeer health and management. t ... | 2011 | 21439734 |
| fate of prions in soil: a review. | prions are the etiological agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tsses), a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals. the pathogenic prion protein is a misfolded form of the host-encoded prion protein and represents the predominant, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. environmental routes of tse transmission areimplicated in epizootics of sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer, elk, and moose. soil represents a plausi ... | 2011 | 21520752 |
| molecular identification of taenia spp. in wolves (canis lupus), brown bears (ursus arctos) and cervids from north europe and alaska. | taenia tapeworms of finnish and swedish wolves (canis lupus) and finnish brown bears (ursus arctos), and muscle cysticerci of svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), alaskan grant's caribou (rangifer tarandus granti) and alaskan moose (alces americanus) were identified on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 396bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. two species were found from wolves: taenia hydatigena and taenia krabbei. the cysticerci of reindeer, ... | 2011 | 21571090 |
| chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of free-ranging and farmed ungulates (deer, elk, and moose) in north america and south korea. first described by the late e.s. williams and colleagues in northern colorado and southern wyoming in the 1970s, cwd has increased tremendously both in numerical and geographical distribution, reaching prevalence rates as high as 50% in free-ranging and >90% in captive deer herds in certain areas of usa and canada. cwd is certainly the most contagious pri ... | 2011 | 21598099 |
| modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that cwd prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on cwd dynamics. in the present study, we use simulation models to demonstr ... | 2011 | 21603638 |
| chronic wasting disease prion trafficking via the autonomic nervous system. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal spongiform encephalopathy that is efficiently transmitted among members of the mammalian family cervidae, including deer, elk, and moose. typical of prion diseases, cwd is characterized by the conversion of the native protease-sensitive protein prp(c) to a protease-resistant isoform, denoted prp(res). in native species, spread of the disease likely results from the ingestion of prion-containing excreta, including urine, saliva, or feces. although cervid p ... | 2011 | 21777560 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in southern norway. | as part of a larger survey, ears from 18 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and 52 moose (alces alces) shot in the 2 southernmost counties in norway were collected and examined for ixodes ricinus ticks. seventy-two adult ticks, 595 nymphs, and 267 larvae from the roe deer, and 182 adult ticks, 433 nymphs, and 70 larvae from the moose were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). the results showed the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna in 2.9% of the nymphs collected ... | 2011 | 21771543 |
| bone graft substitutes in hip revision surgery: a comprehensive overview. | introduction: total hip replacement is increasingly used to treat diseased and damaged joints. with time, some joint replacements may require revision, mainly because of instability and mechanical loosening, and this is of particularly significance to younger patients. a major problem in revision surgery is the loss of bone stock and the consequent difficulty in reconstructing a stable joint. loss of bone stock has been widely treated using bone autografts and allografts but supplies are limited ... | 2011 | 21752368 |
| a comparative study of hepatic trace element levels in wild moose, roe deer, and reindeer from norway. | liver samples from 422 wild moose (alces alces), 280 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and 73 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) collected by hunters in various localities in norway, 2002-2003, were analyzed for the essential trace elements cobalt, copper (cu), manganese (mn), molybdenum, selenium (se), and zinc. significant differences in hepatic concentrations among species were found for all elements except for mn, and considerable individual and geographic variations were seen. roe deer had statisti ... | 2011 | 21719831 |
| hair-loss epizootic in moose (alces alces) associated with massive deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation. | deer keds (lipoptena cervi) are blood-sucking flies in the family hippoboscidae; moose (alces alces) are their main host in scandinavia. there are no detailed reports of the negative impacts of deer keds on moose. in 2006 and 2007, hunters in southeastern norway and midwestern sweden found several moose cadavers with severe alopecia; numerous moose had extensive hair loss. between february 2006 and june 2007, materials from 23 moose were submitted for laboratory examination and large numbers of ... | 2011 | 22102660 |
| experimental interspecies transmission studies of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies to cattle: comparison to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. | prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) of animals include scrapie of sheep and goats; transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme); chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer, elk and moose; and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) of cattle. the emergence of bse and its spread to human beings in the form of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) resulted in interest in susceptibility of cattle to cwd, tme and scrapie. experimental cross-species transmission of tse agents p ... | 2011 | 21908269 |
| Bush Animal Attacks: Management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting. | ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical ... | 2011 | 22189007 |
| Animal-Related Fatalities-Part I: Characteristic Autopsy Findings and Variable Causes of Death Associated with Blunt and Sharp Trauma. | Animals may be responsible for an array of potentially lethal injuries. Blunt force injuries characteristically involve larger animals such as cattle or horses that may kick, crush, or trample a victim causing head and facial injuries. Farm workers in particular are at high risk of lethal injuries involving the head and torso. Significant blunt trauma may be found in vehicle occupants after collisions with large animals such as camels or moose. Rarely, zookeepers may be crushed by particularly ... | 2011 | 21981339 |
| unintentional firearm hunting deaths in sweden. | this study examined all unintentional firearm fatalities while hunting that occurred in sweden between 1983 through 2008. the circumstances as well as the impact of the hunter's exam on fatality frequency were analysed. during these 26 years, there were 48 such fatalities, representing 53% of all (n=90) unintentional firearm deaths during the same period. the average annual number of fatalities decreased over the last few decades. very restrictive firearm legislation in sweden combined with the ... | 2011 | 21908112 |
| predicting the potential demographic impact of predators on their prey: a comparative analysis of two carnivore-ungulate systems in scandinavia. | 1. understanding the role of predation in shaping the dynamics of animal communities is a fundamental issue in ecological research. nevertheless, the complex nature of predator-prey interactions often prevents researchers from modelling them explicitly. 2. by using periodic leslie-usher matrices and a simulation approach together with parameters obtained from long-term field projects, we reconstructed the underlying mechanisms of predator-prey demographic interactions and compared the dynamics o ... | 2011 | 22077484 |
| evidence for distinct chronic wasting disease (cwd) strains in experimental cwd in ferrets. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an evolving prion disease of cervids (deer, elk and moose) that has been recognized in north america and korea. infection of non-cervid reservoir or transport species in nature is not reported. however, the ferret (mustela putorius furo) is susceptible to cwd after experimental inoculation. here, we report that infection of ferrets with either of two ferret cwd isolates by various routes of exposure has revealed biologically distinct strain-like properties distin ... | 2012 | 21918005 |
| taenia arctos n. sp. (cestoda: cyclophyllidea: taeniidae) from its definitive (brown bear ursus arctos linnaeus) and intermediate (moose/elk alces spp.) hosts. | taenia arctos n. sp. (cestoda: cyclophyllidea: taeniidae) is described from the brown bear ursus arctos linnaeus (definitive host) and moose/elk alces spp. (intermediate hosts) from finland (type-locality) and alaska, usa. the independent status of the new species and the conspecificity of its adults and metacestodes have been recently confirmed by the mtdna sequence data of lavikainen et al. (2011; parasitology international, 60, 289-295). special reference is given to morphological differences ... | 2011 | 22002024 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| ultrastructural changes during aging in m. longissimus thoracis from moose and reindeer. | game meat is commonly consumed in europe but few studies have examined the quality related parameters. in this study we examined the changes in ultrastructure at four times postmortem in m. longissimus from moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the moose were slaughtered during a hunt and reindeer by swedish standard practices for this semi-domestic animal. ultrastructural changes occurring in all animals included separation of the sarcolemma from myofibrils, i band brea ... | 2002 | 22063633 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic placement of Sarcocystis capreolicanis and Sarcocystis silva n. sp. from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Norway. | Sarcocysts were isolated from the muscle tissue of three roe deer from southeastern Norway and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and/or sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. By light microscopy, four sarcocyst types were found, including those of Sarcocystis gracilis and Sarcocystis oviformis, which had been characterized previously. The third cyst type had about 10 µm long, flexible, hair-like surface protrusions, consistent with those of Sarcoc ... | 2011 | 21853224 |
| preoperative muscle weakness as defined by handgrip strength and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review. | abstract: background: reduced muscle strength- commonly characterized by decreased handgrip strength compared to population norms- is associated with numerous untoward outcomes. preoperative handgrip strength is a potentially attractive real-time, non-invasive, cheap and easy-to-perform "bedside" assessment tool. using systematic review procedure, we investigated whether preoperative handgrip strength was associated with postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing surgery. methods: prisma and ... | 2012 | 22251661 |
| giardia prevalence in wild cervids in poland. | a total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of poland. specimens were taken from 65 fallow deer (dama dama), 61 red deer (cervus elaphus), 50 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and five moose (alces alces). giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from the red deer and in two samples from the roe deer. although this study has demonstrated that giardia infection is remarkably rare in wild cervids, it should be emphasized that there are large populations of ... | 2012 | 23914615 |
| cannabis psychosis: examining the evidence for a distinctive psychopathology in a systematic and narrative review. | background: the term "cannabis psychosis" has become ubiquitous in the psychiatric literature. few authors have described the precise psychopathology of this potentially distinct subtype of psychosis. specifically, little attention has been paid to exploring whether cannabis psychosis is characterized by a psychopathology which is different from that of other types of psychosis. objective: the purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature for evidence of a specific constellat ... | 2012 | 23786516 |
| telemetered heart rate as an index of energy expenditure in moose (alces alces). | metabolic rate, heart rate and respiratory rate of three adult moose were monitored simultaneously on selected days between january 1982 and october 1983. heart rate was successfully monitored using two types of implanted radio transmitters. metabolic rate was significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with heart rate for individual animals (r = 0.94-0.98). the relationship was best described by an exponential equation. a mean weighted equation predicted metabolic rate within 9% of individual ... | 2010 | 2864197 |
| hemisphere dynamics in lexical access: automatic and controlled priming. | hemisphere differences in lexical processing may be due to asymmetry in the organization of lexical information, in procedures used to access the lexicon, or both. six lateralized lexical decision experiments employed various types of priming to distinguish among these possibilities. in three controlled (high probability) priming experiments, prime words could be used as lexical access clues. larger priming was obtained for orthographically similar stimuli (beak-bear) when presented to the left ... | 2014 | 4052742 |
| temporal and spatial variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in swedish moose (alces alces). | the occurrence of anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in spleen and serum samples from swedish moose (alces alces) in southern sweden (island and mainland). samples were analysed for presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by real-time pcr (n = 263), and for anaplasma antibodies with elisa serology (n = 234). all serum samples had antibodies against a. phagocytophilum. the mean dna-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (p < 0·01) temporal, and spatial variation was found. island moose ha ... | 2013 | 24001524 |
| a gene transfer agent and a dynamic repertoire of secretion systems hold the keys to the explosive radiation of the emerging pathogen bartonella. | gene transfer agents (gtas) randomly transfer short fragments of a bacterial genome. a novel putative gta was recently discovered in the mouse-infecting bacterium bartonella grahamii. although gtas are widespread in phylogenetically diverse bacteria, their role in evolution is largely unknown. here, we present a comparative analysis of 16 bartonella genomes ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 mb in size, including six novel genomes from bartonella isolated from a cow, two moose, two dogs, and a kangaroo. a ... | 2013 | 23555299 |
| insight into the bacterial gut microbiome of the north american moose (alces alces). | the work presented here provides the first intensive insight into the bacterial populations in the digestive tract of the north american moose (alces alces). eight free-range moose on natural pasture were sampled, producing eight rumen samples and six colon samples. second generation (g2) phylochips were used to determine the presence of hundreds of operational taxonomic units (otus), representing multiple closely related species/strains (>97% identity), found in the rumen and colon of the moose ... | 2012 | 22992344 |
| serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in moose and deer in finland: sentinels for virus circulation. | the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) in humans has increased in finland, and the disease has emerged in new foci. these foci have been investigated to determine the circulating virus subtype, the tick host species and the ecological parameters, but countrywide epidemiological information on the distribution of tbev has been limited. | 2016 | 26825371 |
| first evidence of established populations of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) in sweden. | the tick species ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus are of exceptional medical importance in the western and eastern parts, respectively, of the palaearctic region. in russia and finland the range of i. persulcatus has recently increased. in finland the first records of i. persulcatus are from 2004. the apparent expansion of its range in finland prompted us to investigate if i. persulcatus also occurs in sweden. | 2016 | 27370406 |
| bartonella infections in deer keds (lipoptena cervi) and moose (alces alces) in norway. | infections with bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. we describe identification by culture, pcr, and housekeeping gene sequencing of bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in norway. direct sequencing from moose bl ... | 2012 | 23104416 |
| prevalence and diversity among anaplasma phagocytophilum strains originating from ixodes ricinus ticks from northwest norway. | the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum causes great concern for livestock farmers. tick-borne fever is a widespread disease in norway, and antibodies have been produced amongst sheep, roe deer, red deer, and moose. the main vector ixodes ricinus is found along the norwegian coastline as far north as the arctic circle. a total number of 1804 i. ricinus ticks were collected and the prevalence of the pathogen was determined by species-specific qpcr. the overall infection rate varied from ... | 2014 | 25215241 |
| factors affecting deer ked (lipoptena cervi) prevalence and infestation intensity in moose (alces alces) in norway. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, is currently spreading in scandinavia. in norway, keds are now invading the south-eastern part of the country and the abundant and widely distributed moose (alces alces) is the definitive host. however, key factors for ked abundance are poorly elucidated. the objectives of our study were to (i) determine deer ked infestation prevalence and intensity on moose and (ii) evaluate if habitat characteristics and moose population ... | 2012 | 23146387 |
| prey selection of scandinavian wolves: single large or several small? | research on large predator-prey interactions are often limited to the predators' primary prey, with the potential for prey switching in systems with multiple ungulate species rarely investigated. we evaluated wolf (canis lupus) prey selection at two different spatial scales, i.e., inter- and intra-territorial, using data from 409 ungulate wolf-kills in an expanding wolf population in scandinavia. this expansion includes a change from a one-prey into a two-prey system with variable densities of o ... | 2016 | 28030549 |
| mobility of moose-comparing the effects of wolf predation risk, reproductive status, and seasonality. | in a predator-prey system, prey species may adapt to the presence of predators with behavioral changes such as increased vigilance, shifting habitats, or changes in their mobility. in north america, moose (alces alces) have shown behavioral adaptations to presence of predators, but such antipredator behavioral responses have not yet been found in scandinavian moose in response to the recolonization of wolves (canis lupus). we studied travel speed and direction of movement of gps-collared female ... | 2016 | 28035275 |
| markers for ongoing or previous hepatitis e virus infection are as common in wild ungulates as in humans in sweden. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. about 17% of the swedish population is immune to hev, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. however, clinical hepatitis e may also be overlooked. for identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. in order to identify whether hev may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was invest ... | 2016 | 27657108 |
| sequence analysis of bitter taste receptor gene repertoires in different ruminant species. | bitter taste has been extensively studied in mammalian species and is associated with sensitivity to toxins and with food choices that avoid dangerous substances in the diet. at the molecular level, bitter compounds are sensed by bitter taste receptor proteins (t2r) present at the surface of taste receptor cells in the gustatory papillae. our work aims at exploring the phylogenetic relationships of t2r gene sequences within different ruminant species. to accomplish this goal, we gathered a colle ... | 2015 | 26061084 |
| biomass flow and scavengers use of carcasses after re-colonization of an apex predator. | reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. we studied how the re-colonization of the scandinavian peninsula by wolves (canis lupus) affected the amount and temporal variation in use of moose (alces alces) carcasses. | 2013 | 24194881 |
| endoparasites in a norwegian moose (alces alces) population - faunal diversity, abundance and body condition. | many health surveillance programs for wild cervids do not include routine parasite screening despite evidence that gastrointestinal parasites can affect wildlife population dynamics by influencing host fecundity and survival. slaughter weights of moose in some regions of norway have been decreasing over recent decades but any role of parasites has not yet been considered. we investigated parasite faunal diversity of moose in hedmark, se norway, by faecal analysis and identification of adult abom ... | 2015 | 25830105 |
| resurrection and redescription of varestrongylus alces (nematoda: protostrongylidae), a lungworm of the eurasian moose (alces alces), with report on associated pathology. | varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in eurasian moose from europe has been considered a junior synonym of varestrongylus capreoli, in european roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series. | 2014 | 25518921 |
| a geographic cluster of malignant catarrhal fever in moose (alces alces) in norway. | three cases of lethal sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in free-ranging moose (alces alces) were diagnosed in lesja, norway, december 2008-february 2010. the diagnosis was based on pcr identification of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) dna (n = 3) and typical histopathologic lesions (n = 1). to study the possibility of subclinical or latent mcf virus (mcfv) infection in this moose population and in red deer (cervus elaphus), we examined clinically normal animals sampled during hunt ... | 2015 | 25574807 |
| the first detection of species of babesia starcovici, 1893 in moose, alces alces (linnaeus), in norway. | babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease and various wildlife species are reservoir hosts for zoonotic species of babesia starcovici, 1893. the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of babesia spp. in moose alces alces (linnaeus) in two regions of norway. a total of 99 spleen samples were collected from animals of various ages from an area with the occurrence of the tick ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758), and from an area where the ticks are known to be ab ... | 2016 | 27188749 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in moose (alces alces) in norway. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne bacterium that infects a wide range of animal species. the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of a. phagocytophilum in norwegian moose alces alces and to characterize the bacteria by sequencing of partial msp4 and 16s rrna genes. hunters collected spleen samples from 99 moose of different ages during 2013 and 2014 in two areas: aust-agder county (n = 70) where ixodes ricinus ticks are abundant and oppland county (n = 29) where ticks were ... | 2016 | 26428857 |
| serologic and molecular prevalence of rickettsia helvetica and anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild cervids and domestic mammals in the central parts of sweden. | both rickettsia helvetica and anaplasma phagocytophilum are common in ixodes ricinus ticks in sweden. knowledge is limited regarding different animal species' competence to act as reservoirs for these organism. for this reason, blood samples were collected from wild cervids (roe deer, moose) and domestic mammals (horse, cat, dog) in central sweden, and sera were tested using immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against spotted fever rickettsiae using rickettsia helvetica as antigen. ser ... | 2015 | 26378972 |
| the first identification of a blood-sucking abomasal nematode ashworthius sidemi in cattle (bos taurus) using simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was used to identify ashworthius sidemi, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal nematode that commonly infects bison, red and roe deer, and moose in poland. the present study uses this technique to confirm the possibility of transmission of a. sidemi infection from wildlife to domestic animals, such as cattle and sheep, grazing on the same natural pastures. a 406 bp fragment of genomic a. sidemi dna was actually detected in dna isolated from larval culture ... | 2015 | 25981105 |
| serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ... | 2012 | 22795672 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of canine and feline blastomycosis in the canadian prairies. | this retrospective study reports patient signalment, method of diagnosis and geographic distribution, and examines trends in prevalence and seasonal distribution of blastomycosis cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in saskatchewan over a 21-year period. of the 143 cases that originated from saskatchewan and manitoba 137 were from canine and 6 from feline patients. signalment was similar to that previously reported. all cases originated in southern saskatchewan and manitoba, pri ... | 2013 | 24155475 |
| anti-brucella antibodies in moose (alces alces gigas), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), and plains bison (bison bison bison) in alaska, usa. | we used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and the rose bengal test (rbt) to test for anti-brucella antibodies in moose (alces alces gigas), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), and plains bison (bison bison bison) from various game management units (gmus) in alaska, us, sampled from 1982 to 2010. a portion of the sera had previously been tested with the standard plate test (spt), the buffered brucella antigen (bba) card test, and the card test (card). no antibody-positive plains bis ... | 2016 | 26540335 |
| high prevalence of prion protein genotype associated with resistance to chronic wasting disease in one alberta woodland caribou population. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease found in deer, elk and moose in north america and since recently, wild reindeer in norway. caribou are at-risk to encounter cwd in areas such as alberta, canada, where the disease spreads toward caribou habitats. cwd susceptibility is modulated by species-specific polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (prnp). we sequenced prnp of woodland caribou from 9 albertan populations. in one population (chinchaga) a significantly higher frequency of the 1 ... | 2017 | 28350512 |
| molecular mechanisms of chronic wasting disease prion propagation. | prion disease epidemics, which have been unpredictable recurrences, are of significant concern for animal and human health. examples include kuru, once the leading cause of death among the fore people in papua new guinea and caused by mortuary feasting; bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and its subsequent transmission to humans in the form of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd), and repeated examples of large-scale prion disease epidemics in animals caused by contaminated vaccines. the ... | 2017 | 28193766 |
| de novo generation of a unique cervid prion strain using protein misfolding cyclic amplification. | substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that prions are misfolded, infectious, insoluble, and protease-resistant proteins (prp(res)) devoid of instructional nucleic acid that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses). protein misfolding cyclic amplification (pmca) has provided additional evidence that prpres acts as a template that can convert the normal cellular prion protein (prp(c)) present in uninfected normal brain homogenate (nbh) into the infectious misfolded prp(res) is ... | 2017 | 28144628 |
| the structure of mammalian prions and their aggregates. | prion diseases, such as creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, chronic wasting disease in cervids (i.e., deer, elk, moose, and reindeer), and sheep scrapie, are caused by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into a disease-causing conformer (prp(sc)). prp(c) is a normal, gpi-anchored protein that is expressed on the surface of neurons and other cell types. the structure of prp(c) is well understood, based on studies of recombinant prp, w ... | 2017 | 28109330 |
| early and non-invasive detection of chronic wasting disease prions in elk feces by real-time quaking induced conversion. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal prion disease of wild and captive cervids in north america. prions are infectious agents composed of a misfolded version of a host-encoded protein, termed prpsc. infected cervids excrete and secrete prions, contributing to lateral transmission. geographical distribution is expanding and case numbers in wild cervids are increasing. recently, the first european cases of cwd have been reported in a wild reindeer and two moose from norway. therefore, methods ... | 2016 | 27829062 |
| first case of chronic wasting disease in europe in a norwegian free-ranging reindeer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal contagious prion disease in cervids that is enzootic in some areas in north america. the disease has been found in deer, elk and moose in the usa and canada, and in south korea following the importation of infected animals. here we report the first case of cwd in europe, in a norwegian free-ranging reindeer in southern norway. the origin of the disease is unknown. until now a low number of cervids, and among them a few reindeer, have been tested for cwd i ... | 2016 | 27641251 |
| chronic wasting disease drives population decline of white-tailed deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an invariably fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and moose. despite a 100% fatality rate, areas of high prevalence, and increasingly expanding geographic endemic areas, little is known about the population-level effects of cwd in deer. to investigate these effects, we tested the null hypothesis that high prevalence cwd did not negatively impact white-tailed deer population sustainability. the specific objectives of ... | 2016 | 27575545 |
| caribou consumption in northern canadian communities. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) found in both farmed and wild deer, elk, and moose in the united states and canada. surveillance efforts in north america identified the geographical distribution of the disease and mechanisms underlying distribution, although the possibility of transmission to other cervids, including caribou, and noncervids, including humans, is not well understood. because of the documented importance of caribou (rangifer tarandu ... | 2016 | 27556568 |
| dietary magnesium and copper affect survival time and neuroinflammation in chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), the only known wildlife prion disease, affects deer, elk and moose. the disease is an ongoing and expanding problem in both wild and captive north american cervid populations and is difficult to control in part due to the extreme environmental persistence of prions, which can transmit disease years after initial contamination. the role of exogenous factors in cwd transmission and progression is largely unexplored. in an effort to understand the influence of environ ... | 2016 | 27216881 |
| detection of chronic wasting disease in the lymph nodes of free-ranging cervids by real-time quaking-induced conversion. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. since the disease was first identified in northern colorado and southern wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have been identified in 20 additional states, as well as two canadian provinces and the republic of south korea. identification of cwd-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues u ... | 2014 | 24958799 |
| mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer. | free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ... | 2014 | 24711146 |