| astrovirus infection in young children with diarrhea hospitalized at beijing children's hospital. | this study was to assess certain epidemiological and clinical characteristics of astrovirus infection in children with diarrhea below 5 years old hospitalized at the beijing children's hospital. | 2004 | 15043772 |
| molecular epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in asia. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans, and continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. recently the estimates of mortality associated with diarrhea declined, however the majority of deaths still occur in developing countries and thus urgent intervention is needed for the prevention of these diseases. in asian countries it is very important to study the distribution, transmission and characteristics of prevalent viruses in order to produc ... | 2004 | 15056259 |
| antigenic and genomic characterization of turkey enterovirus-like virus (north carolina, 1988 isolate): identification of the virus as turkey astrovirus 2. | a small round virus (srv) was isolated in 1988 from droppings of enteritis-affected turkeys in north carolina and tentatively identified as an enterovirus on the basis of size (18-24 nm in diameter), intracytoplasmic morphogenesis, and a single-stranded rna genome of approximately 7.5 kb. additional characterization studies based on antigenic and genomic analyses were done to determine the relationship of this turkey enterovirus-like virus (telv) to turkey astrovirus 2 (tastv2), a recently chara ... | 2004 | 15077817 |
| [winter viruses]. | | 2004 | 15119334 |
| human astrovirus, norovirus (gi, gii), and sapovirus infections in pakistani children with diarrhea. | fecal specimens from 517 infants and young children admitted to the civil karachi hospital, dow medical college, karachi city, pakistan with acute gastroenteritis from 1990 to 1994 were collected and screened by rt-pcr for human astrovirus (astv), norovirus (nv), and sapovirus (sv). the specific epidemiological data for illness caused by these viruses in pakistan are not available. astv, nv, and sv were detected in 58, 51, and 17 of 517 fecal specimens, and this represented 11.2, 9.9, and 3.2%, ... | 2004 | 15122801 |
| childhood astrovirus-associated diarrhea in the ambulatory setting in a public hospital in cordoba city, argentina. | human astroviruses have been increasingly identified as important agents of diarrheal disease in children. however, the disease burden of astrovirus infection is still incompletely assessed. this paper reports results on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of astrovirus-associated diarrhea, as well as the impact of astrovirus infection on the ambulatory setting at a public hospital in córdoba city, argentina. from february 2001 through january 2002, 97 randomly selected outpatient v ... | 2004 | 15141279 |
| a simple and rapid single-step multiplex rt-pcr to detect norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in clinical stool samples. | a single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay that detects and identifies norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in clinical stool samples is described. four hundred sixty stool samples were tested from patients with non-rotavirus acute gastroenteritis, that were either stored at -80 degrees c and tested retrospectively, or tested immediately after viral nucleic acid extraction in a prospective manner, including outbreaks of gastroenteritis that occurred in ... | 2004 | 15158068 |
| diversity of enteric viruses detected in patients with gastroenteritis in a tertiary referral paediatric hospital. | the genetic diversity of enteric viruses co-circulating in a cohort of patients with viral gastroenteritis in a large tertiary paediatric hospital in london, uk, was determined. multiple strains of noroviruses (nv), sapoviruses (sv) and astroviruses (hasv) were detected in these patients, indicating the likelihood of multiple introductions from different sources, possible sub-clinical infections and simultaneous infection with different viruses in immunocompromised and other patients. routine sc ... | 2004 | 15170641 |
| development of an astrovirus rt-pcr detection assay for use with conventional, real-time, and integrated cell culture/rt-pcr. | astrovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans that has been determined to be responsible for outbreaks of illness in several countries. since astrovirus can be waterborne, it is important to be able to identify this virus in environmental water. we have developed and optimized a reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method that was able to amplify all eight astrovirus serotypes in a single reaction. in addition, a positive control construct was designed so that a ... | 2004 | 15213751 |
| the isolation and characterisation of astroviruses from chickens. | the isolation, cultivation and characterization of three chicken astroviruses (castv) isolates are described. they are antigenically related to each other but unrelated to avian nephritis virus (anv) and duck hepatitis virus type 2 (dvh2) in neutralization, immunofluorescence and gel diffusion tests. castv, anv and dvh2 all grew well in the lmh cell line, which was used for assay and serological tests. serological surveys in 1982 and 2001 showed that antibody to castv virus was widespread in bro ... | 2004 | 15223568 |
| one-year survey of astrovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis in a large hospital in hungary: occurrence and genetic analysis of astroviruses. | human astroviruses (hastv) are the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis mainly in children worldwide. this study investigated the epidemiology and genotype diversity of hastvs detected in children admitted to hospital with gastroenteritis in hungary. stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea at the municipal "szent lászló" hospital, budapest, hungary, between january 2002 and december 2002. of 2,758 samples, 607 were negative for both rotaviruses and bacterial pathogens and w ... | 2004 | 15258971 |
| virus diversity and an outbreak of group c rotavirus among infants and children with diarrhea in maizuru city, japan during 2002-2003. | a total of 236 fecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in maizuru city, japan from july 2002 to june 2003, were tested for the presence of rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses by rt-pcr, page, rpha, and latex agglutination methods. among diarrheal viruses detected, group a rotavirus was the most prevalent (32.2%; 76 of 236) followed by norovirus gii (21.2%; 50 of 236), group c rotavirus (10.2%; 24 of 236), adenovirus (3.8%; 9 of 2 ... | 2004 | 15258985 |
| caspases mediate processing of the capsid precursor and cell release of human astroviruses. | in this work we have shown that astrovirus infection induces apoptosis of caco-2 cells, since fragmentation of cellular dna, cleavage of cellular proteins which are substrate of activated caspases, and a change in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential occur upon virus infection. the human astrovirus yuc8 polyprotein capsid precursor vp90 is initially processed to yield vp70, and we have shown that this processing is trypsin independent and occurs intracellularly through four cleavages at its ... | 2004 | 15280469 |
| wading pool water contaminated with both noroviruses and astroviruses as the source of a gastroenteritis outbreak. | in july 2001, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in helsinki among children and adults after bathing in an outdoor wading pool. the epidemiological survey revealed that at least 242 persons were affected. microbiological testing of both patient stool samples and of the pool water revealed the presence of two different gastroenteritis viruses: a norovirus (nv) and an astrovirus. amplicon sequencing of the nv samples showed nucleotide sequence identity between the virus from patients and the ... | 2004 | 15310176 |
| pathology of astrovirus associated diarrhoea in a paediatric bone marrow transplant recipient. | human astrovirus infection often causes outbreaks of self limiting diarrhoea, but may also infect patients who are immunodeficient or immunocompromised. although there are previous publications relating to various aspects of astroviruses, there is a minimal amount of literature on the histopathological features of gastrointestinal astrovirus infection in humans. we report the histopathological findings, including immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features, of astrovirus infection in a ... | 2004 | 15333670 |
| a review of viral gastroenteritis. | since kapakian first identified a virus in the stool of a patient with diarrhoea in 1972, many viruses have been described that cause diarrhoea directly or indirectly. it is now appreciated that viruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide. although bacteria and other pathogens cause significant numbers of gastroenteritis, it is the viruses that are dealt with in this review. the viruses responsible will be discussed individually. | 2004 | 15353966 |
| molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in italian children with gastroenteritis. | abstract a 1-year study involving 157 gastroenteritis samples was conducted to investigate the role of human astrovirus (hastv) as a cause of gastroenteritis in italian children aged < 2 years. the overall incidence of hastv was 3.1%. most cases occurred between march and may, and four of the five isolates were of the hastv-1 type, the other being hastv-3. analysis of genetic variability showed that the three hastv-1 isolates collected in 2000 clustered together, but separately from the 1999 iso ... | 2004 | 15522011 |
| development of a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test specific for turkey astrovirus and coronavirus. | a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of two enteric viruses of poultry: turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv) and turkey astrovirus (tastv). pcr primers were designed to conserved regions within the nucleocapsid gene of tcv and to the polymerase gene of tastv-2. the primer pairs were successfully used in a multiplex rt-pcr to detect nucleic acid of tastv-2 and tcv. the test was optimized for use with intestines/feces f ... | 2004 | 15529975 |
| structural requirements of astrovirus virus-like particles assembled in insect cells. | expression of the complete orf2 of human astrovirus serotype 1 (hastv-1) in the baculovirus system led to the formation of virus-like particles (vlps) of around 38 nm. the same kind of vlps were also obtained either with the expression of a truncated form of orf2 lacking the first 70 amino acids (aa), or with the same truncated form in which those 70 aa were replaced by the green fluorescent protein. all three kinds of vlps were equally recognized by an anti-hastv-1 polyclonal antibody and by tw ... | 2004 | 15542679 |
| nucleotide correlation between hav isolates from human patients and environmental samples. | hepatitis a disease is endemic in albania even though records from the medical authority show outbreaks involving only limited numbers of people. in the city of lac, 200 people became ill following an outbreak of hepatitis a started on november 2002. the age distribution of the cases shows a peak in the age group 5-9 (43.5%) followed by the age group 10-14 (28%) and the age group 1-4 (18%). no cases were recorded in the age group 0-1. drinking water and sewage samples were collected, using elect ... | 2005 | 15543594 |
| c-terminal nsp1a protein of human astrovirus colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum and viral rna. | computational and biological approaches were undertaken to characterize the role of the human astrovirus nonstructural protein nsp1a/4, located at the c-terminal fragment of nsp1a. computer analysis reveals sequence similarities to other nonstructural viral proteins involved in rna replication and/or transcription and allows the identification of a glutamine- and proline-rich region, the prediction of many phosphorylation and o-glycosylation sites, and the occurrence of a kkxx-like endoplasmic r ... | 2004 | 15564473 |
| detection of enteric viruses and bacterial indicators in german environmental waters. | a german mining lake and the supplying surface waters, which are located downstream of a sewage plant, were examined regarding their microbiological and virological quality. between october 2002 and september 2003, specific pcr methods were used to determine the occurrence of enteric viruses in 123 water specimens drawn at different sites downstream of the waste water treatment plant and in 9 samples from the sewage plant influent. detection rates in sewage plant effluents and surface water samp ... | 2005 | 15645371 |
| antigenicity of two turkey astrovirus isolates. | astroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. these viruses cause gastroenteritis in humans and in a variety of animal species, including turkey poults. only human astroviruses are well characterized antigenically. in the current study, two turkey astrovirus isolates, tastv1987 and tastv2001, were antigenically compared using cross-neutralization tests in turkey embryos, as well as cross-reactivity of the two isolates by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the antigenic ... | 2004 | 15666872 |
| human astrovirus c-terminal nsp1a protein is involved in rna replication. | human astrovirus nonstructural c-terminal nsp1a protein, which contains a hypervariable region (hvr) and colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum and viral rna, has been suggested to be involved in the rna replication process. four viruses differing only in their c-terminal nsp1a protein, corresponding to hvr-derived genotypes iv, v, vi, and xii, were all able to replicate in caco-2 cells but displayed differences in their rna replication and growth properties. two overall patterns of replicat ... | 2005 | 15708598 |
| viral gastroenteritis in mongolian infants. | | 2005 | 15714668 |
| astroviruses found in the intestinal contents of guinea fowl suffering from enteritis. | | 2005 | 15747669 |
| pathogenesis of astrovirus infection. | astroviruses are one of the leading causes of diarrhea worldwide. in spite of its impact on human health, little is known about astrovirus pathogenesis. one reason for this may be the lack of a suitable small animal model for infection. in recent years, there has been increasing information on the mechanism of astrovirus-induced disease in mammals (including humans) and birds. this review summarizes our current state of knowledge on astrovirus pathogenesis. | 2005 | 15802949 |
| identification of structural domains involved in astrovirus capsid biology. | coat proteins of non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses must perform a variety of functions during their life cycle such as assembly of the coat protein subunits into a closed shell, specific encapsidation of the viral nucleic acid, maturation of the capsid, interaction with host receptors, and disassembly to deliver the genetic information into the newly infected cell. a thorough understanding of the multiple capsid properties at the molecular level is required in order to identify potential target ... | 2005 | 15802951 |
| multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of three viruses associated with poult enteritis complex: turkey astrovirus, turkey coronavirus, and turkey reovirus. | poult enteritis complex (pec) is an economically important disease of young turkeys characterized by diarrhea, poor weight gain, and, in some cases, high mortality. although pec is considered to be a polymicrobial disease, numerous viruses, including turkey coronavirus (tcv), turkey astrovirus type 2 (tastv-2), and avian reoviruses (arvs), have been associated with pec-like disease. real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr), a highly sensitive and specific detection met ... | 2005 | 15839418 |
| existence of multiple outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis among infants in a day care center in japan. | a total of 921 fecal specimens collected from 44 infants in a day care center (dcc) in tokyo, japan during june 1999 to july 2000 were tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus by reverse-transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (rt-multiplex pcr) and sequence analysis. of 88 fecal specimens from infants with acute gastroenteritis, 51.1% (45) were found to be positive for diarrheal viruses. astrovirus was the most prevalent (15.9%, 14 of 88), ... | 2005 | 15841336 |
| development of a ssrna internal control template reagent for a multiplex rt-pcr to detect turkey astroviruses. | turkey astrovirus (tastv), a positive sense single-stranded rna (ssrna) virus, is an important causative agent of enteritis of poults. the detection and diagnosis of astroviruses have been mainly dependent on electron microscopy (em). however, em is not very sensitive. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has high specificity and sensitivity. thus, monoplex rt-pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for detection of tastvs were developed in our laboratory. rt-pcr could be adversely affected ... | 2005 | 15847922 |
| identification of gastroenteric viruses by electron microscopy using higher order spectral features. | many paediatric illnesses are caused by viral agents, for example, acute gastroenteritis. electron microscopy can provide images of viral particles and can be used to identify the agents. | 2005 | 15908267 |
| reverse transcriptase-pcr for the detection of astrovirus in children with nosocomial acute diarrhoea in naples, italy. | this study was made to determine the incidence of nosocomial viral gastroenteritis in all children aged 0-4 years, admitted in the pediatric hospital over a 3-year period. | 2005 | 15914290 |
| genome prediction of putative genome-linked viral protein (vpg) of astroviruses. | positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) viruses replicate by uncoating the rna genome for translation to provide viral proteins essential for genome replication and the production of new viral particles. the viral proteins are synthesized from a polyprotein precursor, which is cleaved nascently. the synthesized proteins include viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), viral genome-linked protein (vpg), and a helicase. vpg is covalently attached to the genomic form of +ssrna viruses. helica ... | 2005 | 15965605 |
| major foodborne illness causing viruses and current status of vaccines against the diseases. | even though viruses, unlike bacteria, cannot grow in or on foods, foodborne illnesses are associated with viruses due to contamination of the fresh produce or processed food by virus-containing fecal material. the commonly reported major foodborne illnesses are due to noroviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses, rotaviruses, and astroviruses. among all illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens, recent estimates of as high as 67% have been attributed to viruses alone, and an upward trend in the of trans ... | 2004 | 15992267 |
| identification of viral agents associated with diarrhea in young children during a winter season in beijing, china. | viral diarrhea remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. although rotavirus was extensively studied in china, few comprehensive studies of all viral agents related to diarrhea in children have been conducted. | 2006 | 15998600 |
| human astrovirus diagnosis and typing: current and future prospects. | human astroviruses (hastv) are important human pathogens causing gastroenteritis worldwide. the increased recognition of astroviruses as the cause of sporadic outbreaks of disease is due to the recent availability of improved diagnostic methods. during the last decade, most epidemiological surveys have chosen astrovirus-specific rt-pcr as screening methods. in addition to serotyping by molecular techniques, new typing methods are being developed that may also identify other viral properties rela ... | 2005 | 16033504 |
| use of a heminested reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of astrovirus in environmental swabs from an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency unit. | an outbreak of astrovirus gastroenteritis occurred in the primary immunodeficiency unit at newcastle general hospital in march 2004. environmental swabbing of the unit was undertaken after the outbreak, with multiple sites swabbed pre- and postcleaning. astroviruses were detected in four environmental swabs and from two patient fecal samples using heminested reverse transcriptase pcr. an astrovirus genotype 3 strain was identified in both environmental swabs and fecal specimens and was the strai ... | 2005 | 16081927 |
| development of antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr for detection of turkey astroviruses. | turkey astrovirus (tastv) is an important agent of poult enteritis. the diagnosis of astroviruses has been dependent mainly on electron microscopy (em) or immune em (iem). to develop other simple, rapid, and reliable diagnostic assays, two antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ac-elisas), polyclonal ac-elisa and monoclonal ac-elisa, were developed in this study. monoplex and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcrs) were also developed using nondegenerate ... | 2005 | 16094820 |
| [diagnostic tests: norovirus]. | | 2005 | 16111266 |
| comparison of clinical characteristics between astrovirus and rotavirus infections diagnosed in 1997 to 2002 in hungary. | to determine the severity and clinical characteristics of human astrovirus (hastv) infections among hospitalized children and compare them with children infected by rotavirus. | 2005 | 16188766 |
| molecular analysis of a 348 base-pair segment of open reading frame 2 of human astrovirus. a characterization of colombian isolates. | we are reporting computational studies of several genotyped strains of astrovirus isolated in colombia which we have genotyped using the 348-bp segment located between nucleotides 258 and 606 close to the amino terminal region of the complete orf 2. by biocomputational techniques this 348-bp segment from the different strains was translated into an amino acid sequence. the sequences were aligned and compared in order to build a dendrogram. our results show that the 348 bp and the 116 amino acid ... | 2005 | 16268795 |
| viral etiology and incidence of acute gastroenteritis in young children attending day-care centers. | the purpose of the study was to investigate the frequency, morbidity and cause of acute gastroenteritis in children attending day-care centers in denmark. | 2005 | 16282929 |
| development of a one step real-time rt-pcr method for sensitive detection of human astrovirus. | human astrovirus (hastv) has been recognized as the second most common cause of diarrhoea among children under 5 years old. to date, the true incidence of hastv was underestimated when using enzyme immunoabsorbent assays (eias) and conventional reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. the sensitivity of detection of eia is insufficient and, although rt-pcr is more sensitive than eia, the time required is a limitation for astrovirus detection. the aim of the study was t ... | 2006 | 16321452 |
| diarrhea in american infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology. | the characteristics and microbiology of the full spectrum of pediatric diarrhea occurring in the u.s. community setting are not well-understood. | 2006 | 16395094 |
| molecular characterization of the capsid gene of two serotypes of turkey astroviruses. | astrovirus infections mainly cause acute gastroenteritis in children and young animals. human astroviruses are well characterized antigenically and genetically. however, information on turkey astroviruses is limited. we isolated two astroviruses (tastv1987 and tastv2001) from turkeys and classified them as two different serotypes using a virus neutralization test. to elucidate the differences between these two isolates at the molecular level, further genetic characterization and sodium dodecyl s ... | 2005 | 16404992 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of astroviruses in children with and without diarrhea in são luís, maranhão, brazil. | human astroviruses (hastv) have been increasingly identified as important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in children up to five years old. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotype diversity of hastv in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in são luís, maranhão, brazil. from june 1997 to july 1999 a total of 183 fecal samples 84 from symptomatic and 99 from asymptomatic children were tested by enzyme immunoassay for hastv. prevalence rates w ... | 2006 | 16410955 |
| molecular characterization of human astroviruses isolated in brazil, including the complete sequences of astrovirus genotypes 4 and 5. | human astroviruses (hastv) are recognized as an important cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. this study describes the molecular characteristics of astroviruses isolated in brazil, using rt-pcr and molecular sequencing of segments of all three viral orfs. genetic analysis of a 348-nucleotide segment from orf 2 demonstrated that the brazilian isolates belong to hastv genotypes 1 to 5 and 8. orf 1b sequences displayed a high degree of nucleotide identity even between different ge ... | 2006 | 16421636 |
| environmental monitoring for gastroenteric viruses in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency unit. | the aim of this study was to determine if gastroenteric viruses were present on surfaces and equipment in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency unit (ppiu) by environmental sampling using swabs and subsequent nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcriptase pcr assays. a ppiu was chosen, and 11 swabs were taken at the same sites every 2 weeks for 6 months. nested/heminested pcr assays were used to screen for astroviruses (asv), noroviruses (nov), and rotaviruses (rv). asv, nov, and rv were detec ... | 2006 | 16455890 |
| quantitation of human astrovirus by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction to examine correlation with clinical illness. | human astroviruses (hastvs) cause gastroenteritis. real-time, reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt2-pcr) was developed to quantitate hastv rna. an 88 bp amplicon from the conserved 3' genomic region was detected by binding of sybr green. rt2-pcr was reproducible, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998-1.00 and pcr efficiency of 94.4-100% (mean 97%). the coefficient of variation was 0.6-2.5%, dynamic range with rna standard up to 5 x 10(8) rna copies (rnacn) and sensitivity 5 rnac ... | 2006 | 16490263 |
| multiple viral infections and genomic divergence among noroviruses during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. | an epidemic outbreak of both norovirus (nv) and astrovirus (asv) occurred on a research ship surveying tokyo bay, causing acute gastroenteritis in 26 of its 37 crew members. the presence of viral pathogens in fecal specimens was analyzed, and noroviruses were identified by reverse transcription-pcr in 18 (48.6%) of these specimens. in addition, astroviruses were identified in 14 (37.8%) of the fecal samples from the affected crew members, and multiple viral infections of both nv and asv were obs ... | 2006 | 16517856 |
| molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus infections in kolkata, india. | the study is aimed to determine the seasonal distribution and clinical characteristics of astroviruses associated with acute watery diarrhoea among children in kolkata and characterize them at the molecular level. | 2006 | 16546454 |
| phylogenetic analysis of turkey astroviruses reveals evidence of recombination. | sequence data was obtained from the capsid (orf-2) and the polymerase (orf-lb) genes of 23 turkey astrovirus (tastv) isolates collected from commercial turkey flocks around the united states between 2003 and 2004. a high level of genetic variation was observed among the isolates, particularly in the capsid gene, where nucleotide sequence identity among them was as low as 69%. isolates collected on the same farm, on the same day, but from different houses could have as little as 72% identity betw ... | 2006 | 16604451 |
| waterborne microbial risk assessment: a population-based dose-response function for giardia spp. (e.mi.r.a study). | dose-response parameters based on clinical challenges are frequently used to assess the health impact of protozoa in drinking water. we compare the risk estimates associated with giardia in drinking water derived from the dose-response parameter published in the literature and the incidence of acute digestive conditions (adc) measured in the framework of an epidemiological study in a general population. | 2006 | 16672062 |
| [etiological study on viral diarrhea among children in lanzhou, gansu, from july 2004 through june 2005]. | to study molecular epidemiology of four major etiological viruses among children with acute diarrhea in lanzhou, gansu province. | 2006 | 16749991 |
| applicability of microarray technique for the detection of noro- and astroviruses. | noroviruses and astroviruses are widespread viral agents causing gastroenteritis. noroviruses are actually a diverse group of viruses. a new microarray-based detection method is presented for both noro- and astroviruses. this method enables simultaneous identification of genogroups and types of noro- and astroviruses. for pre-amplification, the monoplex- and multiplex-rt-pcr assays were applied to test sensitivity. the 202 specimens were used to determine the specificity, precision, and accuracy ... | 2006 | 16781784 |
| first experience with diagnosing astroviral infections in children hospitalized in pilsen (czechia). | between the years 2000-2002 astroviral infection was confirmed in 0.8 % of 2606 children admitted for a diarrheal disease to the university hospital in pilsen (czechia). astrovirus infections most frequently occurred in the age group between 49-60 months, and 77.3 % of the infections occurred in winter. when the incidence was calculated for these most susceptible age groups, the positive rates were 2.4 % (between 49-60 months) and 1.2 % (between 7-12 months) respectively. on average the hospital ... | 2006 | 16821722 |
| identification of viral agents causing diarrhea among children in the eastern center of tunisia. | viral diarrhea remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. in tunisia, no comprehensive studies of all viral agents related to diarrhea in children have yet been conducted. the present study was performed to investigate the role of enteric viruses in acute diarrhea in the country. six hundred thirty-eight stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age seeking medical care for acute diarrhea between october 2003 and september 2005 in hospitals from the e ... | 2006 | 16847966 |
| neonatal astrovirus gastroenteritis during an inborn nursery outbreak. | | 2006 | 16891035 |
| recombination and selection in the evolution of picornaviruses and other mammalian positive-stranded rna viruses. | picornaviridae are a large virus family causing widespread, often pathogenic infections in humans and other mammals. picornaviruses are genetically and antigenically highly diverse, with evidence for complex evolutionary histories in which recombination plays a major part. to investigate the nature of recombination and selection processes underlying the evolution of serotypes within different picornavirus genera, large-scale analysis of recombination frequencies and sites, segregation by serotyp ... | 2006 | 16956935 |
| characterization of an astrovirus genotype 2 strain causing an extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis among maxakali indians, southeast brazil. | human astroviruses (hastvs) are a common cause of sporadic diarrhea in children but large outbreaks occur in children's day care centers, schools and in homes for the elderly. | 2006 | 16996790 |
| human astroviruses in raw sewage samples in hungary. | routine procedures for monitoring viruses in water samples have not been drawn up for the water-microbiology screening panel. enteric viruses, including astroviruses, are able to persist under environmental conditions and may cause public health problems by contaminating natural and drinking water resources. the aim of this study was to detect human astroviruses (hastvs) from raw wastewater samples. | 2006 | 17040236 |
| presence of viral proteins in drinkable water--sufficient condition to consider water a vector of viral transmission? | in order to determine the role of water as a possible vector for transmission of the most prevalent enteric viruses affecting infantile populations, 226 water samples were collected from facatativa's (colombian municipality located 30km away from bogotá) water works in the years 2000, 2002, and 2005. the samples were clarified and virus was concentrated by filtering and ultrafiltering techniques. the presence of viral protein (vp) was assessed by enzyme immunoassay method (eia) and viral rna pre ... | 2007 | 17084879 |
| removal of astrovirus from water and sewage treatment plants, evaluated by a competitive reverse transcription-pcr. | quantification of human astrovirus genogroups a and b was undertaken with sewage and water samples, collected from the greater cairo area in egypt from november 1998 to october 1999, by a competitive reverse transcription (rt)-pcr with an internal control. the number of rna copies of genogroup a/liter in quantifiable samples ranged from 3.4 x 10(3) to 5.6 x 10(6) in raw sewage and from 3.4 x 10(3) to 1.1 x 10(4) in treated effluents, while the number of infectious units per liter in these sample ... | 2007 | 17085688 |
| bacterial, yeast, parasitic, and viral enteropathogens in hiv-infected children from são paulo state, southeastern brazil. | we present here the frequency of enteropathogens in an hiv-infected children group and investigate their correlation with clinical and sociodemographic characteristics by collecting 100 stool samples from 55 hiv-seropositive brazilian children. all specimens were processed according to standard methods for bacterial and yeast detection. a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect protozoan, and to perform virus detection, molecular tests were applied. consumptio ... | 2007 | 17178297 |
| [acute intestinal infections of virus etiology in adults]. | to describe clinical symptoms of sporadic cases of noro- and astroviral infection in adults; to compare a clinical picture and a course of rotaviral infection (r vi), noroviral infection (nvi) and astroviral infection (a vi). | 2006 | 17195520 |
| molecular features of astrovirus associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak in an aged-care centre. | the study presented here was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the role of astroviruses (asvs) in outbreaks of gastroenteritis among the elderly. this report is the first to provide detailed information on the molecular characteristics of an asv causing an outbreak in an aged-care centre and is the first to clearly establish that individuals infected in such an outbreak were, in fact, elderly. the outbreak under investigation took place in victoria, australia, in october 2005. ... | 2007 | 17203286 |
| human astrovirus infection associated with childhood intussusception. | | 2007 | 17250516 |
| molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in infants in wuhan, china. | we report the molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in 335 infants with diarrhea in wuhan city, china. astrovirus rna was detected in the stool specimens of 33 children (9.87%). genotyping analysis indicated that 23 out of 24 astroviruses identified were classified as belonging to genotype 1, with highest identity (>98%) to a mongolian strain. | 2007 | 17301278 |
| astrovirus infection in young kenyan children with diarrhoea. | human astroviruses (hastv) have been commonly identified worldwide as important aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups including the young, elderly and immunocompromised. however, limited data exist on the prevalence of this important pathogen in kenya. the aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of astrovirus (astv) infection in kenyan children younger than 10 years of age with diarrhoea. during the period february 1999 to september 2005, stool sample ... | 2007 | 17308325 |
| virus diversity of acute diarrhea in tropical highlands. | infectious acute diarrhea (iad) is an important health problem affecting a large number of latin-american children. several reports show that bacteria, parasites and virus are involved in the burden of this disease. most reports reveal rotavirus a as the responsible etiological agent, at the same time, there seems to be some correlation between iad and seasonal weather changes. to learn about the type of microbial agents associated with iad in children during mildly changing yearly climatic cond ... | 2006 | 17357570 |
| diversity of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | a molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in ho chi minh city, vietnam between october 2002 and september 2003. fecal samples were collected from 1,010 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. those samples were screened for groups a, b, and c rotavirus, adenovirus, genogroups i and ii norovirus (nov), sapovirus (sav), and human astrovirus (hastv) by rt-multiplex pcr, and the positive specimens were characterized further by elisa, nested pcr, or sequenc ... | 2007 | 17385670 |
| prevalence of human astrovirus genotypes associated with acute gastroenteritis among children in belém, brazil. | worldwide human astroviruses (hastv) have increasingly been recognized as causative agents of viral gastroenteritis, mainly in infants and young children. the aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology and genotype diversity of hastvs detected in children who participated in a trial in belém, brazil with the rhesus human reassortant rotavirus vaccine tetravalent (rrv-tv). from april/1990 to august/1992, 624 diarrheic stool samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia) for hastv, with a p ... | 2007 | 17385695 |
| [viral gastroenteritis. application of a protocol for astrovirus detection in childhood gastroenteritis]. | diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis is an important subject in clinical virology which is mainly determined by the availability of reagents in laboratories, such as in the case of astrovirus. the aim of this study was to estimate the increase in the diagnostic performance achieved after the incorporation of astrovirus search in the diagnosis protocol of acute viral gastroenteritis. we also analyzed the trend of infections in other more commonly searched virus, such as rotavirus and enteric adenov ... | 2007 | 17386241 |
| astrovirus infection in children living in the central west region of brazil. | this study presents data regarding the circulation of astrovirus in goiânia-go and brasília-df. these viruses were detected in fecal samples from hospitalized children up to five years old with and without acute gastroenteritis. a total of 1244 fecal samples were collected in two periods, 1994 to 1996 (brasília) and 1998 to 2002 (goiânia and brasília), and were analyzed for viral rna using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). positivity rates of 4.3 and 0.5% for astrovir ... | 2007 | 17426887 |
| microbial impact of small tributaries on water and shellfish quality in shallow coastal areas. | this study aimed to investigate the impact of small tributaries on seawater and shellfish quality in coastal area subjected to brief episodes leading to fecal contamination. escherichia coli and f-rna-specific bacteriophages were selected as fecal indicators and astroviruses were chosen as being representative of pathogens in the human population during winter viral epidemics. a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was built to simulate the current and dispersion in the model domain, which include ... | 2007 | 17445860 |
| genotypes and molecular epidemiology of human astroviruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in rio de janeiro, brazil. | human astrovirus (hastv) is an important pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis mainly in children up to 5 years old worldwide. a total of 318 fecal samples were collected from january to december of 2004 from children with acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in rio de janeiro (rj), brazil. the samples were obtained from three public hospitals and were previously investigated for the presence of rotavirus (rv) and enteric adenovirus (adv). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ... | 2007 | 17516522 |
| first detection of a human astrovirus type 8 in a child with diarrhea in belém, brazil: comparison with other strains worldwide and identification of possible three lineages. | this study describes the genetic relationships of the first human astrovirus type-8 (hastv-8) detected in belém-brazil, during a public hospital-based study. this strain was compared with other hastv-8 strains identified elsewhere which have sequences available at genebank. the regions orf1a (primers mon348/mon340) and orf2 (primers mon269/mon270) were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and a high similarity rate was observed among the belém strain and other hastv-8 strains. in orf1a, homology va ... | 2007 | 17612775 |
| real-time reverse transcription pcr detection of norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus as causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis. | the design and development of highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription pcr assays for the detection of norovirus genogroups i, ii and iv, sapovirus genogroups i, ii and iv, and human astrovirus from stool samples is described. examination of 140 stool samples from paediatric patients exhibiting symptoms of diarrhoea and/or vomiting resulted in increased detection levels as compared to examination by electron microscopy. real-time pcr resulted in a 200% increase in the rate of detection o ... | 2007 | 17644197 |
| association of the astrovirus structural protein vp90 with membranes plays a role in virus morphogenesis. | vp90, the capsid polyprotein precursor of human astrovirus yuc8, is assembled into viral particles, and its processing at the carboxy terminus by cellular caspases, to yield vp70, has been correlated with the cell release of the virus. here, we characterized the effect of the vp90-vp70 processing on the properties of these proteins, as well as on their intracellular distribution. vp90 was found in membrane-enriched fractions (mvp90), as well as in fractions enriched in cytosolic proteins (cvp90) ... | 2007 | 17652389 |
| astrovirus increases epithelial barrier permeability independently of viral replication. | astrovirus infection in a variety of species results in an age-dependent diarrhea; however, the means by which astroviruses cause diarrhea remain unknown. studies of astrovirus-infected humans and turkeys have demonstrated few histological changes and little inflammation during infection, suggesting that intestinal damage or an overzealous immune response is not the primary mediator of astrovirus diarrhea. an alternative contributor to diarrhea is increased intestinal barrier permeability. here, ... | 2007 | 17699569 |
| molecular epidemiology of astrovirus type 1 in belém, brazil, as an agent of infantile gastroenteritis, over a period of 18 years (1982-2000): identification of two possible new lineages. | human astroviruses (hastv) are worldwide recognized as important viral enteropathogens during childhood. this study aims to determine the incidence, genetic diversity and intertype variability of hastv-1 in children less than 5 years of age enrolled in several studies conducted in belém/pará, and são luís/maranhão, brazil, from december 1982 to may 2000. using eia and rt-pcr, an overall positivity of 6.1% (155/2.534) was achieved, of these, 140 were positive by rt-pcr. the analysis of a 348bp or ... | 2007 | 17714822 |
| a dna oligonucleotide microarray for detecting human astrovirus serotypes. | human astroviruses have been shown in numerous studies to be an important cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. the present communication addresses their characterization by use of oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. the system developed consists of an rt-pcr using primers of low degeneracy capable of detecting all eight serotypes of human astroviruses. rt-pcr products are then hybridized against a microarray consisting of short oligonucleotide probes 17-18 nucleotides in l ... | 2008 | 17905448 |
| human astrovirus coat protein inhibits serum complement activation via c1, the first component of the classical pathway. | human astroviruses (hastvs) belong to a family of nonenveloped, icosahedral rna viruses that cause noninflammatory gastroenteritis, predominantly in infants. eight hastv serotypes have been identified, with a worldwide distribution. while the hastvs represent a significant public health concern, very little is known about the pathogenesis of and host immune response to these viruses. here we demonstrate that hastv type 1 (hastv-1) virions, specifically the viral coat protein (cp), suppress the c ... | 2008 | 17959658 |
| [detection by rt-pcr of the 1st cases of astrovirus in human stools in abidjan, côte d'ivoire]. | viral gastroenteritis are a problem of public health because of the high rate of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children. among the etiologic agents, human astroviruses are the third agents most often incriminated after rotaviruses and caliciviruses. symptoms of gastroenteritis caused by astroviruses are generally moderated compared with those observed with rotaviruses and rarely involve hospitalization. in sub-saharan africa, particularly in côte d'ivoire, the majority of viral gastro ... | 2007 | 17982851 |
| astrovirus detection in sporadic cases of diarrhea among hospitalized and non-hospitalized children in rio de janeiro, brazil, from 1998 to 2004. | we analyzed 379 stool samples collected from january 1998 through december 2004, from hospitalized and non-hospitalized children with diarrhea in rio de janeiro, brazil. these samples had prior negative results for other enteric viruses and bacterial pathogens. the specimens were analyzed for hastv detection by rt-pcr. hastv genotypes were determined by sequence analysis of the rt-pcr products. twenty (5.3%) out of 379 samples were positive for astrovirus. astrovirus was equally common among inp ... | 2008 | 18041001 |
| molecular detection and characterization of gastroenteritis viruses occurring naturally in the stream waters of manaus, central amazonia, brazil. | to assess the presence of the four main viruses responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in a hydrographic network impacted by a disordered urbanization process, a 1-year study was performed involving water sample collection from streams in the hydrographic basin surrounding the city of manaus, amazonas, brazil. thirteen surface water sample collection sites, including different areas of human settlement characterized as urban, rural, and primary forest, located in the tarumã-açu, são raimund ... | 2008 | 18065620 |
| identification of human astrovirus infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in the southern part of vietnam during 2005-2006. | a molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in a children's hospital in ho chi minh city between december 2005 and november 2006. fecal samples were collected from 502 pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis, and were screened for eight types of viral agents. human astroviruses (hastvs), which were detected with a prevalence of 13.9%, became the second most frequent viral enteropathogen. although detected in both dry and rainy seasons, the majority (92.8%) o ... | 2008 | 18098160 |
| genetic analysis of the hypervariable region of the human astrovirus nsp1a coding region: design of a new rflp typing method. | human astroviruses (hastv) are causative agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. a hypervariable region (hvr) is located close to the c-terminus of the nsp1a, and recent data support the involvement of the hvr-containing nonstructural protein in viral rna replication processes, suggesting a correlation between variability in this region and pathogenic properties. the hvr of the c-terminal nsp1a coding region of 104 wild-type and reference isolates of hastv was sequenced. a phylogenetic analys ... | 2008 | 18098163 |
| prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group a rotavirus among children with diarrhea in dar es salaam tanzania. | different groups of viruses have been shown to be responsible for acute diarrhea among children during their first few years of life. epidemiological knowledge of viral agents is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. | 2007 | 18162127 |
| molecular characterization of astrovirus in stool samples from children in são paulo, brazil. | the purpose of this study was to characterize astrovirus in faecal samples collected from children with and without diarrhea in são paulo, brazil, grouped into two sets: epm and hu. detection and genotyping were carried out using reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with specific primers directed towards the genome open reading frame 2 (orf2). results for epm set showed that 66/234 (28.2%) were positive: 28/94 (29.7%) from children with acute diarrhea, 14/45 (31.1%) wi ... | 2007 | 18209936 |
| infectivity and genome persistence of rotavirus and astrovirus in groundwater and surface water. | in this work, we have characterized the survival of rhesus rotavirus (rrv) and human astrovirus yuc8 in clean groundwater and contaminated surface water, as well as in phosphate-buffered solutions maintained in the same conditions as the environmental waters, and have compared the dynamics of virus inactivation with the persistence of the viral genomes, as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr). in addition, we also studied the tolerance of these vir ... | 2008 | 18291437 |
| identification of new subtype of astrovirus type 3 from an infant with diarrhea in wuhan, china. | human astrovirus is one of the important causes for viral gastroenteritis in young children. in previous study where we examined the molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus (hastv) infection in infants in wuhan city, we isolated and identified a new subtype (wh1859) of hastv genotype 3 from an infant with diarrhea. the sequence analysis of this strain showed that the complete region of orf2 of wh1859 contains 2385-bp of nucleotides that encode 795 amino acids. because wh1859 strain has the id ... | 2008 | 18308361 |
| detection of astrovirus in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g birth weight). although the etiology remains unknown, infectious agents could play a key role. the aim of this analysis was to examine the role of human astrovirus (hastv) in infants with nec. | 2008 | 18316982 |
| human astrovirus gastroenteritis in children, madagascar, 2004-2005. | we report data regarding the molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus (hastv) infections among children in madagascar. in a 13-month study, 5 hastv isolates were detected in fecal samples from 237 children (2.1%) by reverse transcription-pcr. phylogenetic analysis showed the cocirculation of usual and unusual hastvs. | 2008 | 18439379 |
| astrovirus gastroenteritis in children in taipei. | a prospective study was initiated to study astroviral infections in taiwan. | 2008 | 18445543 |
| suppression of astrovirus replication by an erk1/2 inhibitor. | human astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense single-strand rna viruses associated with self-limiting diarrhea. although they are recognized as a leading cause of disease in young children, the cellular factors involved in astrovirus replication are not well defined. the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) pathway has been shown to regulate many viral infections, but its role during astrovirus infection is unknown. in this report, we show that astrovirus activates erk1/2 early in i ... | 2008 | 18508903 |
| [viral gastroenteritis. an epidemiologic investigation between the period 2001-2006]. | the most common causes for diarrhea both in children and adults are of viral genesis. thereby rota-, noro-, adeno-, and astroviruses are mentioned in descending order. the diagnosis of these frequently nosocomial infections can easily result from virus antigen detection of stool samples. | 2008 | 18548208 |
| novel astroviruses in insectivorous bats. | bats are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses, and in most instances these viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in these animals. they are the reservoir of a number of human zoonotic diseases including nipah, ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. we report the identification of novel groups of astroviruses in apparently healthy insectivorous bats found in hong kong, in particular, bats belonging to the genera miniopterus and myotis. astroviruses are impo ... | 2008 | 18550669 |
| epidemiological and molecular analysis of astrovirus gastroenteritis in dhaka city, bangladesh. | | 2008 | 18614594 |