| risk factors for tungiasis in nigeria: identification of targets for effective intervention. | the parasitic skin disease tungiasis (caused by the flea tunga penetrans) affects resource-poor communities in latin america, the caribbean and sub-saharan africa. prevalences in endemic areas are high, and severe pathology occurs commonly. however, risk factors for infestation have never been assessed in africa. | 2007 | 18160986 |
| investigations on the biology, epidemiology, pathology, and control of tunga penetrans in brazil: vii. the importance of animal reservoirs for human infestation. | in brazil tungiasis is endemic in many resource-poor communities, where various domestic and sylvatic animals act as reservoirs for this zoonosis. to determine the role of animal reservoirs in human tungiasis, a cross-sectional study was performed in a traditional fishing community in northeast brazil. the human and the animal populations were examined for the presence of embedded sand fleas and the prevalence and the intensity of infestation were correlated. the overall prevalence of tungiasis ... | 2008 | 18172688 |
| immunohistochemical study of scrub typhus: a report of two cases. | scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by chiggers. the target cells of this rickettsia are poorly defined in humans. immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections of patients with scrub typhus is helpful in investigating the target cells of this rickettsia in different organs. we studied two autopsy specimens by immunohistochemical staining using a specific antibody against o. tsutsugamushi. rickettsiae were located in endothelial cells in al ... | 2008 | 18281226 |
| qhapa, a pest causing skin irritations in nor yungas region of bolivia, identified as a chigger mite, eutrombicula batatas. | qhapa, a pest associated with skin irritations, was collected from children and adults as well as from underbrush, rain forest highlands, and coffee fields in the nor yungas region of bolivia. the pest was examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. morphological features, including number and position of setae on the segmented legs of the mite, were consistent with its identification as the larval form of the chigger mite eutrombicula batatas. recommendations are made on ways t ... | 2008 | 18302877 |
| larvae of chigger mites neotrombicula spp. (acari: trombiculidae) exhibited borrelia but no anaplasma infections: a field study including birds from the czech carpathians as hosts of chiggers. | chigger mites were collected from 1,080 wild birds of 37 species at certak (czech republic), in the western carpathian mountains, from 29 july to 24 september 2005. the prevalence of infestation with chigger larvae was 7%. a total of 325 chigger specimens from 10 bird species was identified and three chigger species were found: neotrombicula autumnalis, n. carpathica, and n. inopinata, the latter two species being reported on new hosts. neotrombicula carpathica is reported in the czech republic ... | 2008 | 18401688 |
| childhood scrub typhus in eastern taiwan: ten-year experience from a medical center. | scrub typhus, a potentially fatal rickettsial infection, is endemic in western pacific rims including taiwan. most reports have been concerned about mainly adult patients, whereas serologic surveys suggested that as many as one-half of cases of scrub typhus might be in children. | 2007 | 18437968 |
| ticks (ixodidae) and other ectoparasites in ulu muda forest reserve, kedah, malaysia. | a survey of ticks and other ectoparasites was carried out during a national biodiversity scientific expedition at ulu muda forest reserve, kedah, malaysia from 23-29 march 2003. a total of 161 animals comprising 20 species of birds, 16 species of bats, six species of non-volant small mammals and 12 species of reptiles were examined for ticks and other ectoparasites. from these animals, nine species in five genera of ticks, 10 species in two families of mesostigmatid mites and five species of chi ... | 2008 | 18564690 |
| ectoparasitism by eutrombicula alfreddugesi larvae (acari: trombiculidae) on liolaemus tenuis lizard in a chilean fragmented temperate forest. | we compared parasite load (prevalence and mean intensity) of eutrombicula alfreddugesi larvae on the lizard liolaemus tenuis sampled during january 2006 and 2007 from the interior and edges of large forest tracts in the coastal maulino forest (35 degrees 59's, 72 degrees 41'w) and from nearby forest fragments (1.5-20 ha). all lizards were parasitized by chiggers regardless of location (prevalence, 100%); however, mean intensity of infestation was significantly lower at forest fragment edges comp ... | 2009 | 18620475 |
| patterns of infestation by the trombiculid mite eutrombicula alfreddugesi in four sympatric lizard species (genus tropidurus) in northeastern brazil. | we studied the parasitism by the chigger mite eutrombicula alfreddugesi on four sympatric lizard species of the genus tropidurus in morro do chapéu, bahia state, brazil: t. hispidus, t. cocorobensis, t. semitaeniatus and t. erythrocephalus. for each species, we investigated the patterns of infestation and analyzed to which extent they varied among the hosts. we calculated the spatial niche breadth of the chigger mite on the body of each host species and the distribution of mites along the hosts' ... | 2008 | 18642505 |
| [contribution of i.v. tarasevich to the study of tsutsugamushi disease]. | this article summarizes the results of study of tsutsugamushi disease in the primorye and tadzhikistan, in its epidemiology, diagnosis and biology of the rickettsia tsutsugamushi. there is also information on the vectors of the disease, rickettsial infection within chiggers and transtadial transmission from larva to nymph, hosts of trombiculids and natural infection with r. tsutsugamushi. | 2008 | 18756782 |
| pigs are the most important animal reservoir for tunga penetrans (jigger flea) in rural nigeria. | we examined the domestic animals and rodents in a community in rural nigeria. of the 133 animals examined, 29 (21.8%) were infested, the highest prevalence of infestation and highest parasite load was found in the pigs (prevalence 54.8%, median = nine embedded parasites), followed by dogs (45.5%; median = 4), rattus rattus (29.4%; median = 2) and mus minutoides (15.4%; median = 1.5). of all the tungiasis lesions identified 83% were found in pigs. our data confirm that tungiasis is a zoonotic dis ... | 2008 | 18820191 |
| ascoschöngastia bushlandi, a new species of chigger mite from dutch new guinea. | | 1947 | 18917672 |
| laboratory evaluation of aromatic essential oils from thirteen plant species as candidate repellents against leptotrombidium chiggers (acari: trombiculidae), the vector of scrub typhus. | scrub typhus, a rickettsial disease transmitted by several species of leptotrombidium chiggers (larvae), is endemic in many areas of asia. the disease is best prevented by the use of personal protective measures, including repellents. in this study commercially produced aromatic, essential oils of 13 plant species and ethanol (control) were tested in the laboratory for repellency against host-seeking chiggers of leptotrombidium imphalum vercammen-grandjean and langston (acari: trombiculidae). a ... | 2009 | 19009361 |
| parasites of importance for human health in nigerian dogs: high prevalence and limited knowledge of pet owners. | dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. they may harbour a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential, thus causing a health risk to humans. in nigeria, epidemiological knowledge on these parasites is limited. | 2008 | 19068110 |
| [clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of autumn-winter type scrub typhus in children from northern new endemic area]. | scrub typhus is an infectious disease due to orientia tsutsugamushi transmitted by infected chigger mites. scrub typhus has long been recognized to occur in southern areas of china, but has recently been increasingly often reported from the north since the first case was reported in mengyin county, shandong province in 1986. the key objectives of the present study were to investigate the clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of scrub typhus in children from the northern new natural foci. | 2008 | 19099688 |
| recognition and management of common ectoparasitic diseases in travelers. | this review article summarizes the ectoparasitic diseases likely to be seen by a western dermatologist. the article aims to cover both endemic diseases and those likely to present in the returning traveler. tungiasis is due to the gravid sand flea (tunga penetrans) embedding into the stratum corneum of a human host. as the flea is a ground dweller, lesions are usually present on the feet and are classically periungual. the sand flea is eventually shed spontaneously but to reduce the infection ri ... | 2009 | 19170405 |
| [characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil]. | the present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. the collections were conducted from july to september 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. the ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70 degrees gl ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis u ... | 2008 | 19265575 |
| [tungiasis case after a trip to kenya]. | tungiasis is an ectoparasitic skin disease caused by infestation by the female sand flea, tunga penetrans. prevalence in endemic areas may reach 83%, while it is rare in non-endemic areas. however, an increase in international travel to and from the affected regions may lead to a rise in the number of cases in non-endemic countries. we present a danish case of tungiasis contracted during a trip to kenya. | 2009 | 19265613 |
| tungiasis in the united states: a travel souvenir. | tungiasis is a cutaneous infestation caused by the burrowing flea, tunga penetrans. this infection typically results in the development of one or more wart-like fibrous papulonodules. the causative flea is endogenous to central and south america, sub-sarahan africa and portions of india; consequently, tungiasis is rarely reported in north america. however, because of increasing air travel to and from endemic areas due to business and pleasure, it is imperative that this entity remain in the diff ... | 2008 | 19265616 |
| tunga penetrans: description of a new dermoscopic sign--the radial crown. | | 2009 | 19289787 |
| [tungiasis, an uncommon ectoparisitic disease]. | tungiasis is an infestation of the skin due to the sand flea chigger (or tunga penetrans). after penetration under the nails of the feet, this ectoparasite enlarged and the lesion becomes painful. diagnosis is made on the past history (travel in tropical areas) and the inspection. treatment consists of extraction the insect entire, and administration of topical antiseptic lotion. | 2009 | 19317125 |
| tungiasis in schoolchildren in criciúma, santa catarina state, south brazil. | tungiasis is a common parasitic skin disease in brazil, caused by the flea tunga penetrans. we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the occurrence of infestation with t. penetrans in primary schoolchildren in criciúma, santa catarina state (south brazil). in total, 917 children (6-10 years) of 68 schools were included in the study (11% of target population). physical examination was followed by residential visits of those infested, to assess housing conditions and to interview the child ... | 2009 | 19390739 |
| histopathological features in both the eschar and erythematous lesions of tsutsugamushi disease: identification of cd30+ cell infiltration in tsutsugamushi disease. | tsutsugamushi disease is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by rickettsia tsutsugamushi. an infection is heralded by the presence of an eschar at the site of the inoculating chigger bite and followed by the development of a disseminated erythematous macular rash. cd30 expression is found in anaplastic large cell lymphoma; however, expression in nonneoplastic cutaneous disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, drug reactions, scabies, and various infectious diseases, has also been reported. s ... | 2009 | 19590420 |
| [tungiasis affects a chilean turist]. | tungiasis is a cutaneous ectoparasitosis caused by the female sand flea tunga penetrans whose higher prevalence occurs in sub-saharan africa, south américa and the caribbean. we report a case of a 23 year old chilean male who presented dermal lesions suggestive of tungiasis on his return from brazil. the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, identifying the arthropod and an egg from one of the lesions. the natural history, co-morbidities and treatment options were reviewed. | 2009 | 19621162 |
| chigger mites (acari: trombiculidae) from makalu region in nepal himalaya, with a description of three new species. | three new species of chigger mites, neotrombicula kounickyi sp. n., leptotrombidium angkamii sp. n., and doloisia vlastae sp. n., are described from two species of small mammals collected in the barun glacier valley, makalu region, nepal himalaya. two species, trombiculindus mehtai fernandes et kulkarni, 2003 and cheladonta ikaoensis (sasa et al., 1951) are recorded for the first time in nepal. data on altitude distribution of chiggers and their host preferences are given. | 2009 | 19645277 |
| tunga penetrans in a young dog imported to denmark from brazil; a case report. | the number of people who travel internationally with their pets is increasing. consequently, veterinarians around the world are more likely to encounter parasitic diseases formerly restricted to certain geographical locations. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of tungiasis, a disease caused by the sand flea tunga penetrans, in a dog imported from brazil to denmark. to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of canine t. penetrans infestation in scandinavia. | 2009 | 19659542 |
| sand flea (tunga spp.) infections in humans and domestic animals: state of the art. | tungiasis is a parasitic disease of humans and animals caused by fleas (siphonaptera) belonging to the genus tunga. two species, tunga penetrans (l.) and tunga trimamillata, out of 10 described to date, are known to affect man or domestic animals; the other eight are exclusive to a few species of wild mammals. tunga penetrans and t. trimamillata originated from latin america, although the first species is also found in sub-saharan africa (between 20 degrees n and 25 degrees s). hundreds of milli ... | 2009 | 19712148 |
| tungiasis-related knowledge and treatment practices in two endemic communities in northeast brazil. | tungiasis, caused by the sand flea tunga penetrans, is highly prevalent in many resource-poor communities in sub-saharan africa, latin america and the caribbean. studies on knowledge and treatment practices related to tungiasis in affected populations are virtually nonexistent. to fill this gap, we performed a study in two resource-poor communities in northeast brazil where this parasitic skin disease is highly prevalent. | 2009 | 19762960 |
| characterisation of orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes from wild rodents and chigger mites in korea. | | 2009 | 19793117 |
| [tungiasis acquired in chaco province, argentina]. | a four-year old girl and her mother were assisted at the hospital de clínicas for 0.7 cm wide papules with a black central core and a white hyperkeratotic halo of fourteen days of development. the girl presented these lesions on the second and fourth toe of one of her feet, and her mother on the ankle. among the known antecedents were a trip to chaco province and their habit of walking barefooted. after the papule incision, both antiseptic treatment and cleaning of the lesion, were performed. th ... | 2009 | 19831312 |
| [diversity of ectoparasites on niviventer confucianus in the surrounding areas of erhai lake]. | to understand the species diversity of ectoparasites on niviventer confucianus in the surrounding areas of erhai lake. | 2009 | 19852368 |
| imported human tungiasis in greece. | tungiasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by the sand flea tunga penetrans. it is widespread in poor urban and rural communities in sub-saharan africa, the caribbean and south america. imported cases of tungiasis are increasingly being reported due to the increased numbers of travelers visiting the affected areas. | 2009 | 19945016 |
| tunga penetrans as a traveler's disease. | tunga penetrans are ectoparasites distributed widely. the infestations are endemic in some areas. people both from and visiting this region are susceptible to these infestations. | 2009 | 19945018 |
| whartonacarus floridensis sp. nov. (acari: trombiculidae), with a taxonomic review and the first record of whartonacarus chiggers in the continental united states. | among several unusual species collected during surveillance of ectoparasites on wildlife hosts in the southeastern united states and caribbean region, the larvae of a new species of whartonacarus were encountered in 2003 on a cattle egret, bubulcus ibis (l.), in the florida keys. this is the first record for a member of whartonacarus in the continental united states. the mite is described and named as whartonacarus floridensis mertins, and the possible significance of this discovery with respect ... | 2009 | 19960669 |
| geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the republic of korea. | a survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from october to november 2006 at 13 localities throughout the republic of korea. apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. a total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from a. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only walchia fragilis (40) was collected from myodes regulus. leptotrombidium ... | 2009 | 19967086 |
| detection of bartonella tamiae dna in ectoparasites from rodents in thailand and their sequence similarity with bacterial cultures from thai patients. | ectoparasites, including chigger mites (genera leptotrombidium, schoengastia, and blankarrtia) and one tick (genus haemaphysalis) collected from wild-caught rodents in thailand, were assessed for the presence of bartonella dna by using a polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region and citrate synthase gene (glta). of the 41 pooled samples tested, 34 were positive for bartonella dna. sequence analysis demonstrated that dna detected in 33 chigger mite pools and o ... | 2010 | 20017718 |
| impact of ivermectin drug combinations on pediculus humanus capitis infestation in primary schoolchildren of south indian rural villages. | antifilarial drug combinations including ivermectin provide antifilarial activity with ancillary benefits on intestinal helminths and ectoparasites, such as chiggers and lice. the impact of single oral dose of antifilarial drugs, viz; (1) diethylcarbamazine (dec) alone, (ii) dec + albendazole (alb), (iii) ivermectin (ivr) + dec and (iv) ivr + alb, was determined, on the head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) in primary school children in a rural community in south india. | 2009 | 20064176 |
| [tungiasis and cutaneous larva migrans: unpleasant travel souvenirs]. | tungiasis (sand flea disease) and cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption) are parasitic skin diseases in which the infectious agents only temporarily invade human skin. the parasites die in situ and eventually are eliminated by tissue repair mechanisms. both diseases are zoonoses. humans only accidentally become a host for animal hookworm larvae (resulting in cutaneous larva migrans), but get infected with tunga penetrans as frequent as domestic animals. in travelers to tropical and subtropi ... | 2009 | 20088345 |
| tungiasis--a cause of painful feet in a tropical traveller. | tungiasis is an ectoparasitosis caused by the impregnated female sand flea tunga penetrans. it is endemic in certain resource poor areas around the world and imported infestations in travellers can lead to considerable morbidity. with the rise in international travel and immigration, the likelihood of physicians encountering such tropical skin infestations is rising. the ability of physicians to recognise tungiasis early will be immensely beneficial to patients. we describe a case of tungiasis w ... | 2010 | 20188302 |
| chigger repellents. | | 1946 | 20273618 |
| tungiasis infestation in tanzania. | tungiasis is caused by the jigger flea tunga penetrans. we describe a case of severe infestation from kigoma region, western tanzania. a 19-year-old male with epilepsy and mental disability presented with ulcerated and inflamed toes. clinical examination revealed the presence of approximately 810 embedded jigger fleas on the feet, and another 60 lesions on the hands. the patient presented with fissures on the feet, hands and soles. he had difficulty walking and erythematous, oedematous, ulcerate ... | 2010 | 20351463 |
| tungiasis: case report of a traveller to kenya. | tungiasis is a neglected parasitic skin disease caused by the permanent penetration of the female sand flea tunga penetrans (also called jigger flea) into the skin of its host. growing urbanisation, improved housing and the use of appropriate footwear have presumably led to an overall reduction of the occurrence of this ectoparasitosis within the last few decades. however, it is still highly prevalent in regions where people live in extreme poverty, such as in many latin american and african cou ... | 2009 | 20652110 |
| occurrence of the off-host life stages of tunga penetrans (siphonaptera) in various environments in brazil. | to explore the local transmission dynamics of tunga penetrans in brazil, 134 soil samples from various environments were collected in three different endemic regions of the country and checked for the presence of the flea's larvae, pupae and adults. the samples, which came from an urban slum in the north-east, a village of xavante indians in the central-west and a community of yanomami indians living in traditional longhouses (malocas) in the north, were categorized as indoor, outdoor or indoor- ... | 2010 | 20659395 |
| endemic mite-transmitted dermatoses and infectious diseases in the south. | mites are mostly ubiquitous, bothersome pests with few species of medical importance and, of these, most are scabies mites, trombiculid larval mites and animal and plant mites. all patients with scabies and their close household, institutional and sexual contacts should be informed that scabies is a highly transmissible ectoparasitic infestation and that several topical treatments and an effective oral treatment are readily available and highly effective at present. sexually active patients with ... | 2010 | 20666166 |
| chigger mites (acari, trombiculidae) parasitizing small mammals in the eastern hindu kush and some other afghan areas. | chigger mites of afghanistan were studied on the base of collections made in eastern and central hindu kush, kabul, and some other localities. fifteen chigger species parasitizing nine species of rodentia, two species of lagomorpha, and one species of soricomorpha were found, including 13 species which were not previously recorded in afghanistan. eco-geographical variability is observed in shunsennia oudemansi: individuals of this species from high-mountain localities of eastern hindu kush are c ... | 2010 | 20737277 |
| phylogenetic analysis of 56-kda type-specific antigen gene of orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in taiwan. | scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease transmitted to humans through the bite of chigger mites infected with orientia tsutsugamushi, and is an endemic disease in taiwan. to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of o. tsutsugamushi, the complete open reading frame of the 56-kda type-specific antigen gene sequence of strains isolated from scrub typhus patients were determined and analyzed. a total of 116 isolates of o. tsutsugamushi were successfully isolated from patients infected in diverse geogra ... | 2010 | 20810835 |
| serosurveillance of scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites near the dmz, northern gyeonggi-do, korea, and analysis of the relative abundance of chiggers from mammals examined. | comprehensive quarterly serosurveillance on scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites located near the demilitarized zone (dmz), northern gyeonggi-do (province), rok was conducted to determine the potential rodent-borne and associated ectoparasite disease risks to military personnel. a total of 1,196 rodents and insectivores representing 8 species, apodemus agrarius (87.3%, n = 1,044), mus musculus (5.4%, n = 65), crocidura lasiura (3.3%, n = 40), microtus fortis (2.6% ... | 2010 | 20877503 |
| [tungiasis in native amerindians in vaupés province: epidemiology, clinical aspects, treatment, and prevention]. | tungiasis, the skin infestation with the flea tunga penetrans, occurs in poor communities. objective. to present a study of this condition among native amerindians from vaupés (colombia). | 2010 | 20890569 |
| variation within and among host species in engorgement of larval trombiculid mites. | we recovered larval trombiculid mites (i.e. chiggers), vectors of scrub typhus, from small mammal hosts in taiwan, and compared the relative degree of engorgement (rde) of the dominant chigger (leptotrombidium imphalum) from different hosts. naturally occurring chiggers recovered from rattus losea and bandicota indica were 1·4x and 1·3x as engorged as those from apodemus agrarius. within each host species, rde was negatively related to chigger loads, but was mostly unrelated to gender or to body ... | 2010 | 20946695 |
| a contribution to our knowledge of the bionomics of the common north american chigger, eutrombicula alfred-dugesi (oudemans) with a description of a rapid collecting method. | | 1946 | 21020343 |
| a method of rearing chigger mites (acarina, trombiculinae). | | 1946 | 21020344 |
| a new genus and species of chigger, chatia setosa (trombiculidae, acarina) from northwestern united states. | | 1946 | 21027501 |
| tunga penetrans--egg head? | | 2010 | 21062608 |
| laboratory evaluation of four commercial repellents against larval leptotrombidium deliense (acari: trombiculidae). | four commercial repellents were evaluated in the laboratory against leptotrombidium deliense chiggers. both in vitro and in vivo methods were used to determine repellency of the compounds. the repellents were kellis (containing citronella oil, jojoba oil and tea tree oil), kaps (containing citronella oil), bioz (containing citronella oil, geranium oil and lemon grass oil) and off (containing deet). the combination of three active ingredients: citronella oil, geranium oil, lemon grass oil gave th ... | 2010 | 21073028 |
| control of tungiasis through intermittent application of a plant-based repellent: an intervention study in a resource-poor community in brazil. | tungiasis, an ectoparasitosis caused by the female sand flea tunga penetrans, is an important health problem in many impoverished communities in the tropics. sand flea disease is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical pathology and severe sequels are frequent. treatment options are limited. | 2010 | 21085467 |
| tunga penetrans: painful lesions on the feet-the first imported case from guinea-bissau. | tungiasis is an endemic disease in certain poor areas around the world. imported infestations in travelers are becoming more frequent and can lead to considerable morbidity. we report a case of a 50 year-old-man who returned from a trip to guinea-bissau with an infection caused by tunga penetrans. | 2010 | 21209743 |
| identification of potential hosts and vectors of scrub typhus and tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae in eastern taiwan. | scrub typhus and tick-borne spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsioses are transmitted by chiggers (larval trombiculid mites) and hard ticks, respectively. we assessed exposure to these disease vectors by extensively sampling both chiggers and ticks and their small mammal hosts in eastern taiwan during 2007 and 2008. the striped field mouse apodemus agrarius pallas (rodentia: muridae) was the most common of the small mammals (36.1% of 1393 captures) and presented the highest rate of infestation wit ... | 2011 | 21223345 |
| imported tungiasis in a japanese student returning from east africa. | ectoparastiosis by tunga penetrans is becoming more common in non-tropical countries as people travel more to endemic areas. we present here a classic case of imported tungiasis including a history of visit to an endemic region and its typical presentation. diagnosis with dermoscopy, treatment and prevention are discussed. | 2010 | 21269317 |
| first reports of ectoparasites collected from wild-caught exotic reptiles in florida. | we collected ectoparasites from 27 of 51 wild-caught, free-ranging exotic reptiles examined in florida from 2003 to 2008. sampled animals represented eight species, five of which yielded ectoparasites. reported new parasite distribution records for the united states include the following: the first collection of the african tick amblyomma latum (koch) from a wild-caught animal [ball python, python regius (shaw)] in the united states; the first collection of the lizard scale mite hirstiella stami ... | 2011 | 21337954 |
| surveys of rodent-borne disease in thailand with a focus on scrub typhus assessment. | the epidemiology of many rodent-borne diseases in south-east asia remains ill-defined. scrub typhus and lep-tospirosis are common and medically significant, while other zoonotic diseases, such as spotted fever group rickettsiae have been identified, but their overall medical significance is unknown. rodent surveillance was conducted from june 2002 to july 2004 in 18 provinces from thailand. traps were set up for one to three nights. blood and serum samples and animal tissue samples (liver, splee ... | 2008 | 21396076 |
| genetic typing, based on the 56-kilodalton type-specific antigen gene, of orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated from chiggers collected from wild-caught rodents in taiwan. | orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, a mite-borne, febrile illness that occurs in the asia-pacific region. we conducted strain characterization of o. tsutsugamushi isolates from chiggers obtained from rodents based the nucleotide sequence of the 56-kda outer membrane protein gene. with the use of pcr, a total of 68 dna sequences of 56-kda antigen genes were amplified. phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were at least six definable clusters among the 68 isolates: ... | 2011 | 21441323 |
| detection of orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in a novel mite species, eushoengastia koreaensis, in korea. | to identify potential vector species of scrub typhus in the republic of korea (rok), chigger mites were harvested from wild rodents captured at nine localities in october 2005. the bodies of the chigger mites were individually punctured with a fine pin, squeezed out internal contents, and examined for orientia tsutsugamushi dna by nested polymerase chain reaction. the exoskeleton of associated chiggers was mounted on glass slides with polyvinylalcohol (pva) medium for identification. among 830 i ... | 2011 | 21443412 |
| isolation and characterization of orientia tsutsugamushi from rodents captured following a scrub typhus outbreak at a military training base, bothong district, chonburi province, central thailand. | orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus, a vector-borne disease transmitted by infected chiggers (trombiculid mite larvae). in 2002, an outbreak of scrub typhus occurred among royal thai army troops during the annual field training at a military base in bothong district, chonburi province, central thailand. this report describes the outbreak investigation including its transmission cycle. results showed that 33.9% of 174 t ... | 2011 | 21460017 |
| arthropod symbiotes of laonastes aenigmamus (rodentia: diatomyidae). | abstract arthropod symbiotes of the laotian rock-rat, laonastes aenigmamus (rodentia: diatomyidae), from laos are examined. this host is a member of diatomyidae previously thought to have gone extinct >10 million yr ago. permanent symbiotes are represented by 2 species, a new species of sucking louse, polyplax sp., near rhizomydis (phthiraptera: polyplacidae), and a new species of fur mite, afrolistrophorus sp., near maculatus (acariformes: listrophoridae). the temporary parasites are represente ... | 2011 | 21506873 |
| [preliminary survey on the distribution of leptotrombidium deliense in some areas of yunnan province.] | objective: to investigate the distribution of leptotrombidium deliense among different small mammal hosts in some areas of yunnan province. methods: a field survey was carried out in some counties of yunnan province and the small mammal hosts were captured, using mouse cages and traps with baits. chigger mites on the surface of two auricles were scraped off by a bistoury, and then preserved in 70% ethanol. every specimen of the chigger mites on the slides was finally identified into species unde ... | 2011 | 21518533 |
| medical microbiology | rickettsiae are small, gram-negative bacilli that have evolved in such close
association with arthropod hosts that they are adapted to survive within the host
cells. they represent a rather diverse collection of bacteria, and therefore listing
characteristics that apply to the entire group is difficult. the common threads that
hold the rickettsiae into a group are their epidemiology, their obligate
intracellular life ... | 1996 | 21413251 |
| [tungiasis: a case report]. | tungiasis, is a cutaneous parasitosis, native of america caused by tunga penetrans. infestations usually presents with black papular lesions, either single or multiple, most of them localized on the feet, mainly in the subungual and periungual areas. diagnosis of tungiasis is based on the characteristic aspect of the lesions in a patient coming from an endemic area. surgical removal of the fea and application of a topical antibiotic is the standard treatment. we describe a case of a 10-years-old ... | 2011 | 21829863 |
| chiggers recently infesting spea spp. in texas, usa, were eutrombicula alfreddugesi, not hannemania sp. | upon re-examination of preserved larval chiggers collected from spadefoot toads (spea bombifrons and spea multiplicata) in the southern high plains of texas, usa, and identified previously as hannemania sp., we found them to be eutrombicula alfreddugesi. a review of previous reports of eutrombicula spp. chiggers on amphibian hosts provides context for current findings. all members of the genus hannemania are specialized larval parasites of amphibians, whereas larval e. alfreddugesi are generalis ... | 2011 | 21719825 |
| spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in taiwan. | we analyzed the spatial distribution of human cases of scrub typhus on the main island of taiwan from 2003 to 2008 and implemented an island-wide survey of scrub typhus vectors (trombiculid chiggers) in 2007 and 2008. the standardized incidence rate 'sir' incorporating inter-district variations in population, gender and age was correlated with environmental and socioeconomic variables. higher incidence and sir rates were clustered in the less developed, mountainous regions of central and eastern ... | 2011 | 21703220 |
| tungiasis: a poorly documented tropical dermatosis. | tungiasis is the parasitic skin disease caused by the sand flea tunga penetrans, also called the jigger flea, found in most intertropical countries. the contamination occurs when walking barefoot in the sand: adult females actively burrow the foot epidermis leading to self-limited lesions responsible for itching or pain. the diagnosis is made on clinical observation and history of travelling to an endemic country. the simple treatment is surgical extraction of the flea. | 2011 | 21703785 |
| [preliminary analysis of chigger mite community on eothenomys miletus in 19 counties of yunnan province]. | eothenomys miletus were captured in 19 counties of yunnan province. the distribution of species-abundance and the species-plots relationship between e. miletus and chigger mites were analyzed by using ecological statistic method. there were totally 40,052 chigger mites collected from the body surface of 1741 e. miletus. 111 species of chigger mites were identified. the species-abundance distribution showed that with the increase of mite individuals, the number of chigger mite species gradually d ... | 2011 | 21826908 |
| Tungiasis in a beach volleyball player: a case report. | Tungiasis is an infestation caused by penetration of the skin by the gravid female of the flea Tunga penetrans Linnaeus 1758 (Insecta, Siphonaptera: Tungidae). Tunga penetrans is currently found in Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central Asia. Prevalence is very high in Brazil. We present a case of tungiasis in an Italian beach volleyball player who acquired the infestation in Brazil. | 2011 | 21817006 |
| Disseminated tungiasis. | Tungiasis is a zoophilic and anthropophilic infestation caused by Tunga penetrans. It is endemic in Latin America and in the Caribbean. It occurs mainly in impoverished communities that have no access to basic sanitation and in individuals that visit contaminated areas. The most common penetration site of this ectoparasite is the periungueal region of the feet. The authors present its disseminated form occurring in a patient inhabiting a rural area. | 2011 | 22147051 |
| Macrocyclic Lactones in the Treatment and Control of Parasitism in Small Companion Animals. | Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) have many anti-parasitic applications in small companion animal medicine. They were first developed as chemoprophylactics against heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection to be applied monthly for retroactive killing of third- and fourth-stage larvae. ML-containing products formulated for oral (ivermectin, milbemycin oxime), topical (selamectin, moxidectin) or injectable sustained release (moxidectin, ivermectin) are approved for heartworm prevention in dogs or cats ... | 2011 | 22039798 |
| tungiasis in a free-ranging jaguar (panthera onca) population in brazil. | tungiasis is an ectoparasitic disease caused by fleas of the genus tunga. the disease is reported to occur mostly in human populations. in wildlife, however, the occurrence and impact of this disease remains uncertain. we captured and examined 12 free-ranging jaguars for the presence of tunga penetrans in the pantanal region of mato grosso do sul state, brazil. tungiasis prevalence was 100% in the population; lesions were confined to the jaguar's paws. t. penetrans was identified based on the ch ... | 2011 | 21863398 |
| Emergence of Schoengastiella ligula as the vector of scrub typhus outbreak in Darjeeling: has Leptotrombidium deliense been replaced? | Following a suspected outbreak of scrub typhus in Kurseong, Darjeeling, the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune was requested by the National Institute of Epidemiology and the State authorities to undertake investigation of the ongoing scrub typhus outbreak and suggest containment measures. | 2011 | 21941043 |
| demodectic mange, dermatophilosis, and other parasitic and bacterial dermatologic diseases in free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the united states from 1975 to 2012. | the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is a common and widespread north american game species. to evaluate the incidence, clinical manifestations, demography, and pathology of bacterial and parasitic dermatologic diseases in white-tailed deer in the southeastern united states, we retrospectively evaluated white-tailed deer cases submitted to the southeastern cooperative wildlife disease study from 1975 to 2012. among 2569 deer examined, bacterial or parasitic dermatologic disease was dia ... | 2013 | 23912715 |
| endoparasitic chiggers. vii. a redescription of kymocta yunker & brennan, 1962, anew species from venezuela, and other records (acarina: trombiculidae). | | 2015 | 4760621 |
| neglected bacterial zoonoses. | bacterial zoonoses comprise a group of diseases in humans or animals acquired by direct contact with or by oral consumption of contaminated animal materials, or via arthropod vectors. among neglected infections, bacterial zoonoses are among the most neglected given emerging data on incidence and prevalence as causes of acute febrile illness, even in areas where recognized neglected tropical diseases occur frequently. although many other bacterial infections could also be considered in this negle ... | 2015 | 25964152 |
| evidence for interspecific interactions in the ectoparasite infracommunity of a wild mammal. | co-infection with multiple parasite species is commonly observed in nature and interspecific interactions are likely to occur in parasite infracommunities. such interactions may affect the distribution of parasites among hosts but also the response of infracommunities to perturbations. however, the response of infracommunities to perturbations has not been well studied experimentally for ectoparasite communities of small mammal hosts. | 2016 | 26830510 |
| long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against mosquito bites in outdoor workers. | outdoor exposure to mosquitoes is a risk factor for many diseases, including malaria and dengue. we have previously shown that long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against tick and chigger bites in a double-blind randomized controlled trial in north carolina outdoor workers. here, we evaluated whether this clothing is protective against mosquito bites by measuring changes in antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland extracts. on average, there was a 10-fold increase in titer du ... | 2015 | 26195460 |
| acarine ectoparasites of panti forest reserve in johore, malaysia. | to identify the presence of acarine ectoparasites and determine whether there is any potential public health risk in panti forest reserve, johore, malaysia. | 0 | 23569714 |
| ectoparasites of murids in peninsular malaysia and their associated diseases. | a considerable number of rat-borne ectoparasite studies have been conducted since the early 1930s in the malayan peninsula (now known as peninsular malaysia). the majority of studies were field surveys and collections of specimens across the region, and were conducted primarily to catalogue the ectoparasite host distribution and discover novel species. this has generated a signification amount of information, particularly on the diversity and host distribution; other aspects such as morphology, ... | 2015 | 25924677 |
| ectoparasites of the critically endangered insular cavy, cavia intermedia (rodentia: caviidae), southern brazil. | cavia intermedia is a rodent species critically endangered and is found only on a 10 hectare island off the southern brazilian coast. to identify the ectoparasites of c. intermedia, 27 specimens (14 males and 13 females), representing approximately 65% of the estimated total population, were captured and examined. a total of 1336 chewing lice of two species were collected: gliricola lindolphoi (amblycera: gyropidae) and trimenopon hispidum (amblycera: trimenoponidae). in addition, chiggers ariso ... | 2015 | 25830106 |
| molecular epidemiology of orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers and ticks from domestic rodents in shandong, northern china. | scrub typhus is endemic to a 13,000,000-km² area of the asia-pacific region, and causes an annual incidence of 1 million people. the mortality rate of scrub typhus ranges from 6.1% to 25% in southeast asia. natural infection of orientia tsutsugamushi has been identified in domestic rodents in shandong province. however, infestation of chiggers and ticks on the domestic rodents and prevalence and genotypes of o. tsutsugamushi in these acarina remain unclear. | 2013 | 24499627 |
| estimation of the genome sizes of the chigger mites leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare based on quantitative pcr and k-mer analysis. | leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare are the major vector mites for orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. before these organisms can be subjected to whole-genome sequencing, it is necessary to estimate their genome sizes to obtain basic information for establishing the strategies that should be used for genome sequencing and assembly. | 2014 | 24947244 |
| high prevalence of intestinal infections and ectoparasites in dogs, minas gerais state (southeast brazil). | in the present study, 155 dogs euthanized by the zoonotic disease unit of uberlândia in minas gerais state (southeast brazil) were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs was systematically examined for the presence of helminthic parasites. in total, we isolated 5,155 metazoan parasites of eight species (three intestinal helminth species, five ectoparasite species). the cestode dipylidium caninum was present in 57 dogs (36.8 %), the nematodes ancylostoma canin ... | 2012 | 22825284 |
| [travel-associated pneumonias]. | respiratory infections are responsible for up to 11% of febrile infections in travellers or immigrants from tropical and subtropical regions. the main pathogens are the same as in temperate climate zones: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses, legionella pneumophila. however, some pulmonary diseases can be attributed to bacterial, parasitic, viral or fungal pathogens that are endemic in tropical and subtropical region ... | 2014 | 25290923 |
| [study of epidemic area on tsutsugamushi disease in taizhou from 2013 to 2014]. | objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease, and to confirm the existence of the disease's epidemic foci in taizhou. methods: from 2013 to 2014, dongxing town hospital and xingqiao town hospital were selected as specimen collection sites in jingjiang city. blood samples (5 ml) were collected from 40 patients with acute tsutsugamushi disease. a total of 59 rodents were captured with cage night method in the survey sites at 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11 months in 2013, f ... | 2017 | 28260341 |
| seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic diseases in small mammals with pcr detection of orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers, gwangju, korea. | serosurveillance for zoonotic diseases in small mammals and detection of chiggers, the vector of orientia tsutsugamushi, were conducted from september 2014 to august 2015 in gwangju metropolitan area. apodemus agrarius was the most commonly collected small mammals (158; 91.8%), followed by myodes regulus (8; 4.6%), and crocidura lasiura (6; 3.5%). the highest seroprevalence of small mammals for o. tsutsugamushi (41; 26.3%) was followed by hantaviruses (24; 15.4%), rickettsia spp. (22; 14.1%), an ... | 2016 | 27417085 |
| acute pancreatitis associated with scrub typhus. | scrub typhus, or tsutsugamushi fever, is a zoonosis of rural asia and the western pacific islands. the causative organism, orientia (formerly rickettsia) tsutsugamushi, is transmitted to humans by the bite of a larval leptotrombidium mite (chigger). scrub typhus may have gastrointestinal presentations, such as acute acalculous cholecystitis, duodenal ulcer perforation, peritonitis and gastric ulceration. acute pancreatitis with scrub typhus has been reported rarely. we report a patient of scrub ... | 2017 | 27411365 |
| an updated distribution and hosts: trombiculid mites (acari: trombidiformes) associated with small mammals in yunnan province, southwest china. | trombiculid mites (or chigger mites) are a large group of arthropods, and some of these species are vectors of orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus). yunnan province is situated in the southwest of china, and its complicated topography, special altitude gradients, and high biodiversity have aroused the interest of many scientists to study the fauna and species diversity of plants and animals. to replenish our former faunal study, this paper listed al ... | 2016 | 26833324 |
| surveillance of potential hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in taiwan. | scrub typhus is a lethal infectious disease vectored by larval trombiculid mites (i.e. chiggers) infected with orientia tsutsugamushi (ot) and recent decades have witnessed an emergence of scrub typhus in several countries. identification of chigger species and their vertebrate hosts is fundamental for the assessment of human risks to scrub typhus under environmental changes, but intensive and extensive survey of chiggers and their hosts is still lacking in taiwan. | 2015 | 26626287 |
| a checklist of chigger mites (acari: trombiculidae and leeuwenhökiidae) from taiwan, with descriptions of three new species. | scrub typhus is a lethal human disease transmitted by larval trombiculid mites (i.e., chiggers) that have been infected with the rickettsia orientia tsutsugamushi. in total, 21 chigger species are known from taiwan. we update the checklist of chiggers of taiwan based on an intensive survey of shrew and rodent hosts in grasslands and agricultural fields in lowland taiwan, coupled with surveys of forests in one mountainous site and an opportunistic examination of submitted host specimens. three ne ... | 2015 | 26438572 |
| development of an orientia tsutsugamushi lc-1 murine intraperitoneal challenge model for scrub typhus: determination of murine lethal dose (muld50), tissue bacterial loads, and clinical outcomes. | currently, no vaccine has been developed to protect humans from naturally acquired heterologous orientia tsutsugamushi infections. to enhance the validity of vaccine candidates, we are developing a murine chigger challenge model with the o. tsutsugamushi lc-1-infected leptotrombidium chiangraiensis line-1. to this end, an intraperitoneal (i.p.) murine challenge model using an o. tsutsugamushi lc-1 isolate was developed for eventual validation of the chigger challenge model. we have determined th ... | 2015 | 26378973 |
| genotype diversity and distribution of orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients and rodents in shandong, northern china. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected chiggers. to identify the genotypes of o.tsutsugamushi and their geographical distribution in shandong, 236 patient's samples and 1606 captured rodents were collected in major-endemic regions of shandong province from june 2013 to december 2014. sequences were determined for the 56-kda tsa gene, and the relationship between these sequences and those previously determined was assess ... | 2015 | 26371067 |
| scrub typhus with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and its management in intensive care unit: a case report. | scrub typhus is zoonotic disease caused by orientia tsutsugamushi (o tsutsugamushi). it is transmitted to humans by the bite of trombiculid mite larvae (chiggers). it is a re-emerging infectious disease in india. clinical manifestations include fever, headache, anorexia, myalgia, eschar, adenopathy and maculopapular rash. complications of scrub typhus develop after first week of illness. complications include meningoencephalitis, jaundice, myocarditis, ards and renal failure. eschar and rash may ... | 2015 | 26155511 |
| urbanization of scrub typhus disease in south korea. | scrub typhus is an endemic disease in asia. it has been a rural disease, but indigenous urban cases have been observed in seoul, south korea. urban scrub typhus may have a significant impact because of the large population. | 2015 | 26000454 |
| metabolic responses to orientia tsutsugamushi infection in a mouse model. | tsutsugamushi disease is an infectious disease transmitted to humans through the bite of the orientia tsutsugamushi-infected chigger mite; however, host-pathogen interactions and the precise mechanisms of damage in o. tsutsugamushi infections have not been fully elucidated. here, we analyzed the global metabolic effects of o. tsutsugamushi infection on the host using 1h-nmr and uplc-q-tof mass spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. in addition, the effect of o. tsutsugamush ... | 2015 | 25569562 |
| seroprevalence of scrub typhus at a tertiary care hospital in andhra pradesh. | scrub typhus is a rickettsial infection which is caused by orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by the bite of the chigger of a mite. delay in diagnosis can be fatal otherwise the treatment is simple, doxycycline being the drug of choice. indirect immunoflurescence is considered gold standard but it is not used in india as it is costly and also not available. there is need for rapid, economic and simple test for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. this study was taken up to study the seroprevalence ... | 2015 | 25560004 |