| propagation and assay of hepatitis a virus in vitro. | ten strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) originating from far distant geographical locations were adapted to growth in plc/prf/5 (human hepatoma derived and/or mrc-5 (human embryonic lung) cells. in the course of primary adaptation some of these strains exhibited a predilection for distinct cultural conditions such as type of host cell and temperature of incubation. with progressive passage, variant viruses with quite different requirements could be selected; yet, it proved impossible to isolate a ... | 1984 | 6094609 |
| the heat sensitivity of hepatitis a virus determined by a simple tissue culture method. | a method for estimating residual infectious hepatitis a virus (hav) after heat treatment of suspensions of the virus was devised. it made use of a readily maintained cell line (frhk-4) in which the rate of release of hav antigen into the tissue culture medium was directly proportional to the size of the inoculum. loss of viral infectivity after heating could be estimated by inoculating heat-treated hav suspensions into cell monolayers and measuring antigen released from the cultures during 5 wee ... | 1984 | 6094725 |
| stability of hepatitis a virus. | the stabilities of hepatitis a virus (hav) and of poliovirus type 2 were compared under strictly controlled, identical conditions of ph value, temperature, and salt concentration. although the resistance of the viruses proved to be the same from ph 3 to 11, the temperature at which 50% of poliovirus particles became disintegrated during heating at ph 7.0 for 10 min (t50,10 = 43 degrees) differed significantly from that characteristic for hav (t50,10 = 61 degrees). in the presence of 1 m mgcl2, t ... | 1984 | 6096294 |
| hepatitis a virus: growth characteristics of in vivo and in vitro propagated wild and attenuated virus strains. | serial passage of the ms-1 strain hepatitis a virus (hav) in marmosets was shown to increase the yield of virus and to shorten the incubation period from approximately 55 days in the first passage to 3-7 days in the ninth and higher passages. intravenous inoculation of susceptible chimpanzees with ms-1 hav was found to result in a typical course of disease in two animals who had received eighth marmoset-passage virus, including the occurrence of elevated alt activity, presence of hav antigen in ... | 1984 | 6096505 |
| [cloning of hepatitis a virus genomes]. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) belongs to the family of picorna viruses/enteroviridae. its growing pattern in cell cultures deviates from the pattern found in other picorna viruses: hav does not have cytopathic effects and the replication rate of the virus in cell culture is lower than that one of comparable enteroviruses. in order to be able to understand the biochemistry and gene structure of this virus the genomic virus rns was cloned molecularly as cdns and the nucleotid sequence of the genom w ... | 1984 | 6096653 |
| [viruses in the feces of patients with viral hepatitis and other enterovirus infections]. | direct and immune electron microscopy was used to determine the frequency of finding of hepatitis a virus (hav) and other viral agents in feces of patients in relation to the diagnosis and epidemiological situation. hav-containing excretions from patients were analysed ultrastructurally. the highest frequency of hav detection was established in patients in a water-borne and food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a (ha) and was 40.9% and 36.9%, respectively. in patients with ha diagnosis in the period ... | 1984 | 6097043 |
| [radioimmunological determination of hav and anti-hav iga in the feces of patients with acute type-a hepatitis]. | 58 fecal specimens from 14 patients (10 hepatitis a, 2 hepatitis b and 2 infectious mononucleosis) were tested for the hepatitis a virus (hav) and iga anti-hav by micro-solid-phase-radioimmunoassay. only patients with hepatitis a were positive for hav and/or iga anti-hav. in the first days of the disease we found hav in the feces of 4 patients but it was never present after the sixth day. in all hepatitis a we found iga anti-hav in at least one fecal specimen and the titer of the antibodies incr ... | 1982 | 6100166 |
| [hepatitis viruses of man: transmission, epidemiology and immunology (author's transl)]. | the isolation and characterization of the hepatitis a virus (hav) and the hepatitis b virus (hbv) resulted in great advances in the serological diagnosis and the prophylaxis. about 20% of the viral hepatitis cases are caused by the hav. the hepatitis a never becomes chronic and can be diagnosed by the detection of hav antibodies of the igm type. the hbv is the etiologic agent in 60% of the hepatitis cases and 10% of these become chronic. it is possible to immunize against the hbv and to reduce t ... | 1980 | 6107830 |
| enzyme-immunoassay in the diagnosis of human hepatitis a: specific and non-specific reactions. | solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay (eia) used for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) often reveals a non-specific activity which can be reduced or fully eliminated in the presence of normal serum. the factor responsible for this activity appeared to be a non-viral eia-active material (nveam) that non-specifically reacted with normal serum of some mammalian species (human, monkey, rabbit, cattle). the hav and nveam have been separated by csc1 gradient centrifugation, where the hav banded in a n ... | 1983 | 6133430 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) in blood donors of 13 western hemisphere countries and territories. | | 1980 | 6158353 |
| the physicochemical properties of infectious hepatitis a virions. | the propagation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the cell line plc/prf/5 made possible the radiolabelling in vivo of mature, infectious hepatitis a virions and the determination of their physicochemical properties. in contrast to poliovirus type 2 (160s, 1.340 g/ml), hav had a sedimentation coefficient of 156 +/- 2s and a buoyant density of 1.332 g/ml in cscl. the genome of hav consisted of linear single-stranded rna which sedimented at 32.5s under non-denaturing conditions. compared to the size an ... | 1981 | 6172556 |
| a microcarrier cell culture system for large scale production of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was isolated from human faeces using a fetal rhesus monkey kidney cell line (frhk-4). infectious medium from passage 12 was used to inoculate a large (5000 cm2) microcarrier cell culture maintained in suspension. the microcarriers used were swollen, collagen-coated dextran beads on which it was easy to propagate frhk-4 cells. intra- and extra-cellular virus levels were assayed and compared with conventional cultures in 25 cm2 plastic flasks. the results show that virus pr ... | 1984 | 6200491 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis a virus: partial localization of a neutralizing antigenic site. | balb/c mice were immunized with purified preparations of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolated after 21 days of growth in llc-mk2 cells. the hav antigen was isolated from cscl gradients and consisted primarily of the following three proteins as analyzed after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and coomassie blue staining: vp-1 at 33,000 daltons, vp-2 at 29,000 to 30,000 daltons, and vp-3 at 27,000 daltons. the spleen cells isolated from two balb/c mice, immunized with two inocu ... | 1984 | 6208377 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in the feces of patients with naturally acquired infections. | a prospective study was carried out on 200 patients admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, australia, with acute hepatitis a to determine the frequency with which virus could be detected in their feces. evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) was obtained by detecting igm specific for hav in a single serum sample or by demonstrating a rising titer of antibody in paired sera by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. hav was detected in the feces of 59 of the 200 patients by solid-phase radi ... | 1980 | 6245150 |
| hepatitis viruses: characterization and diagnostic techniques. | two human hypatitis viruses have been identified and characterized, but one or more additional agents exist. hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a complex 42-nm predominantly double-stranded dna virus with distinct surface and core antigens and an endogenous dna polymerase. hepatitis a virus (hav) is a 27-nm rna virus with enterovirus-like properties. progressively more sensitive and specific immunologic assays have been applied to the study of viral hepatitis and are available for routine diagnostic pur ... | 1980 | 6246688 |
| hepatitis a virus in the liver and intestine of marmosets after oral inoculation. | a total of 12 seronegative marmosets (saguinus mystax) were inoculated orally with hepatitis a virus (hav) and sacrificed at 3- to 4-day intervals. tissues from the livers, intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleens were obtained for immunofluorescence studies, and bile and intestinal contents were obtained for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies. two marmosets sacrificed on days 34 and 41 after inoculation developed antibody to hav and demonstrated hav in their livers but not in any ... | 1980 | 6247287 |
| radioimmunoassay for detection of antibody to hepatitis a virus. results of clinical evaluation. | the performance of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (havab) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) was evaluated in clinical studies. the procedure was reproducible by eight investigators, and laboratory-to-laboratory variations were minimal. the sensitivity of the test was about equal to or slightly greater than that of immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) for detecting antibody in serum, but iaha gives somewhat higher titer values than havab. a survey of the incidence of an ... | 1980 | 6249116 |
| immunoglobulin m-specific serologic testing in an outbreak of foodborne viral hepatitis, type a. | ninety-seven symptomatic and five asymptomatic infections with viral hepatitis, type a (102 cases) were identified in members, guests and employees of a private country club in an outbreak associated with consuming food and ice prepared or handled by an employee of the club's kitchen pantry. twenty-three symptomatic persons were tested by differential radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin m (igm) (acute-phase) hepatitis a antibody (anti-hav) and all 23 were documented to be infected with hepatitis ... | 1980 | 6249120 |
| negative serology for hepatitis a and b viruses in 18 cases of neonatal cholestasis. | serologic evidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection was sought in 14 patients with biliary atresia and in four patients with neonatal hepatitis; maternal serum was also analyzed. specific sensitive radioimmunoassays were used to detect hbv surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs); complement fixation was used to detect antibody to hbv core antigen (anti-hbc). antibody to hav (anti-hav) was assayed by radioimmunoassay, as well as by immune adherence hemagglut ... | 1980 | 6250125 |
| [the incidence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus in various age groups in the basle population 1978-79]. | in a study on the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) exposure among the basel population in 1978/79, 763 sera matched for age were tested for hav antibodies by radioimmunassay (havab). sera of patients with a recent history of liver disease were not included. the results show that the prevalence of hav antibodies increases with age, a situation similar to that in poliomyelitis before vaccination. the prevalence of hav antibodies rises from 15% in the 11-20 year age group to 90% in the over-71 ... | 1980 | 6252603 |
| igm responses to hepatitis-a virus and hepatitis-b core antigen in acute and chronic liver disease in malawi; possible role of non-a, non-b, hepatitis. | of 33 patients with acute hepatitis in malawi, 21 had infection by hepatitis-b virus (hbv), five by hepatitis-a virus (hav) and seven, who had no markers of current hbv or hav infections, were probably infected by the agent(s) of non-a, non-b, hepatitis. 87 of 88 sera from persons without liver disease contained antibody to hav and 49 antibody to hepatitis-b surface antigen (anti-hbs) (six were positive for hepatitis-b surface antigen). the diagnosis of recent infection by hav was made by detect ... | 1980 | 6254219 |
| hepatitis a-virus in cell culture: i. propagation of different hepatitis a-virus isolates in a fetal rhesus monkey kidney cell line (frhk-4). | a fetal rhesus monkey kidney cell line (frhk-4) was infected with different hepatitis a-virus (hav) isolates gbg, gbm, gja. the time-dependent absorption of the hav isolates of fhrk-4 cells was measured. replication of all three isolates in these cells could be demonstrated intracellularly 8--10 weeks after infection, and release of hav into the supernatant some 10--15 weeks after infection could be shown. the specificity of the virus determination by ria from supernatants of hav-infected cells ... | 1980 | 6255301 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in voyvodina. | sera of 1000 persons in voyvodina were tested with radioimmunoassay for antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav). the morbidity and age incidence of positive findings have been analysed and compared with relevant findings in other countries. below the age of 19 years the morbidity rates are higher (0.138 to 0.595 per mill) and the prevalences of seropositives are lower (17.1-64.0%) than the respective frequencies above that age (0.011 to 0.052 per mill and 85.7-98.7% respectively). below the f ... | 1981 | 6257777 |
| diagnosis of recent hepatitis a infection: a comparison of two methods for detecting specific igm. | radioimmunoassay (ria) tests for anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm were carried out on 728 sera: 283 were tested by both a method using an anti-mu serum bound to a solid phase and a method involving preliminary separation of igm by sucrose density gradient (sdg) centrifugation, 354 by the anti-mu method alone and two by the sdg method alone. similar proportions of sera were found to be positive by each method (42.5%, 41.7%), but equivocal results were commoner by the sdg method (4.7% compared wit ... | 1981 | 6257778 |
| propagation of human hepatitis a virus in african green monkey kidney cell culture: primary isolation and serial passage. | human hepatitis a virus (hav) was propagated in primary african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) kidney (agmk) cell cultures. three strains of hav were used: ms-1, sd-11, and hm-175. cells were inoculated with marmoset-passaged material or human clinical specimens and were stained by direct immunofluorescence to establish the identity of the virus. both clinical samples and marmoset-passaged material produced immunofluorescence. hav antigen was found scattered throughout the cytoplasm of in ... | 1981 | 6260685 |
| restricted replication of human hepatitis a virus in cell culture: intracellular biochemical studies. | when hepatitis a virus was inoculated into vero cells, virus-specified protein and rna synthesis was detected. production of viral protein was detected by electrophoretic analysis in polyacrylamide gels by using a double-label coelectrophoresis and subtraction method which eliminated the contribution of host protein components from the profiles of virus-infected cytoplasm. eleven virus-specified proteins were detected in the net electrophoretic profiles of hepatitis a virus-infected cells. the m ... | 1981 | 6260975 |
| propagation of human hepatitis a virus in cell lines of primary human hepatocellular carcinomas. | | 1981 | 6262863 |
| hepatitis a antibody in israel defence forces recruits. | sera drawn from a sample of 1,147 military inductees, representative of the conscript population entering service in the israel defence forces (idf), in 1977, were examined by radioimmunoassay for hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody. the prevalence of hav antibody is considerably higher in males of eastern origin (84.4%) than of western origins (39.7%) and in females of eastern origin (79.9%) as compared with those of western origin (30.3%). the difference between males and females is not statistic ... | 1981 | 6264023 |
| serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay specific for igm antibodies. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting specific igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) was developed and characterized. the test utilized microtiter plates coated with anti-igm to specifically absorb the igm antibodies from the test serum. the anti-hepatitis a igm antibodies are measured by the specific consecutive binding of hepatitis a antigen and radiolabelled anti-hepatitis a antibodies (anti-ha). in 6 chimpanzees infected with hav, igm anti-ha was detected from about the first date ... | 1981 | 6264589 |
| cloning of hepatitis a virus genome. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was highly purified from faeces. the genomic rna was transcribed to cdna and this dna was then cloned into plasmid pbr 322 at the pst i site, and clones were selected in presence of tetracycline. most clones contained inserts which hybridized to hav-specific rna isolated from hav-infected cell cultures derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma. two clones expressed low amounts of viral antigens. | 1981 | 6267095 |
| susceptibility of monkeys to human hepatitis a virus. | a stump-tailed monkey, newly caught and without antibody to hepatitis b virus (hav), was successfully infected with human hav. the following alterations were observed in the monkey's functions: (1) elevation in activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and its type 5 isoenzyme (electrophoretically the fastest moving); (2) development of antibody to hav; and (3) shedding of hav antigen in feces. the virus isolated from the monkey, designated the hangzhou a-1a strai ... | 1981 | 6267143 |
| propagation of hepatitis a virus in human embryo fibroblasts. | human diploid fibroblasts and human primary liver cell carcinoma cells (plc/prf/5) were infected with hepatitis a virus (hav) adapted to growth in cell culture or derived directly from human stool. viral antigen was expressed in plc/prf/5 cells 28 days after infection with cell culture-adapted hav, and 50 days after infection with virus from human stool. in human fibroblasts the periods until first expression of viral antigen were 90 and 210 days, respectively. during further passages of hav in ... | 1981 | 6270280 |
| a "reverse" solid-phase radio-immuno-assay for igm-antibodies to hepatitis a virus. | a "reverse"solid-phase radio-immuno-assay for igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) was developed. anti-human igm immunoglobulins were bound on the wells of polyvinylchloride microtiter plates. serum specimens were incubated in the anti-human igm coated wells and bound igm antibodies were then assayed for antigen specificity by subsequent incubations with hav antigen and 125i-labelled human anti-hav igg. the test showed a high sensitivity and specificity for anti-hav igm antibodies. no false ... | 1981 | 6270954 |
| pathogenetic aspects of hepatitis a virus infection in enterally inoculated marmosets. | experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was studied in marmosets after enteral (intragastric) inoculation with special reference to the primary sites of hav replication and immunopathology of the disease. the experiment was carried out using 28 saguinus mystax negative for antibody to hav (anti-hav) and with statistically uniform baseline values of serum isocitrate dehydrogenase (sicd) activity. each animal was infected with 1 ml of a 15% w/v stool suspension that was derived from marmose ... | 1981 | 6271006 |
| studies on the transmission of human hepatitis a virus to stump-tailed monkey. | the newly-caught stump-tailed monkeys (macaca speciosa) with negative antibody to hepatitis a were inoculated with human hepatitis a virus. the following findings were observed in the monkeys after inoculation: (i) the elevation of activities of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme (ldh5), (ii) the seroconversion of antibody to hepatitis a virus. (iii) the shedding of hepatitis a antigen in feces. these findings show that the stump-tailed monkey (macac ... | 1981 | 6272388 |
| hepatitis a virus in cell culture. ii. growth characteristics of hepatitis a virus in frhk-4/r cells. | the propagation of hepatitis a virus (hav) is shown in a rapidly growing fetal rhesus monkey kidney cell line (frhk-4/r). in the course of ten passages through frhk-4/r cells the hav, which was released in the supernatants of the cell cultures, was adapted to these cells. in the tenth passage 6 days after infection, it was possible to detect low amounts of hav in the supernatants by radioimmunoassay (ria). with indirect immunofluorescence 3 days after infection, a specific granular fluorescence ... | 1981 | 6275250 |
| hepatitis a virus in cell culture. iii. propagation of hepatitis a virus in human embryo kidney cells and human embryo fibroblast strains. | the propagation and adaptation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in human embryo kidney cells (hkc) is shown. the growth curve of hav in the first passage through hkc is compared to the growth curve in the tenth passage through hkc. it is shown that in the course of 18 passages through hkc, hav adapted to these cells causing the virus to grow much more rapidly. the cell-bound hav is compared to the hav released in the cell-culture supernatant during the ninth passage through hkc. the hav from the tenth ... | 1981 | 6275251 |
| propagation of human hepatitis a virus in conventional cell lines. | fecal extracts of hepatitis a (ha) patients were selected for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) by radioimmunoassay (ria) and immune electron microscopy (iem). when fl and vero cells were inoculated with fecal extracts containing hav, development of hepatitis a antigen (haag) was evident in the cytoplasm of the two cell lines by the indirect immunofluorescence (if) test. the antigen was detectable in the cells 12 hr postinoculation (pi), and reached a plateau within two days pi. fl cell cu ... | 1981 | 6278066 |
| excretion of hepatitis a virus in the stools of hospitalized hepatitis patients. | a study was carried out to determine whether hepatitis a virus (hav) can be detected in the stools of patients hospitalized for hav infection. acute phase samples of whole blood and stool, as well as completed questionnaires, were obtained from 31 patients hospitalized at any of 13 hospitals in the phoenix metropolitan area. blood specimens were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), igg antibody to hav (igg anti-hav), and igm antibody to hav (igm anti-hav). stools were tested for hav b ... | 1982 | 6279780 |
| purification of acute phase anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm and development of an igm solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of hav. | a simple two-step procedure for the purification of igm from acute phase hepatitis a infected chimpanzee serum has been developed. the procedure involves the precipitation of the euglobulin fraction with boric acid and the fractionation of the resuspended material on sephacryl s-300 (pharmacia fine chemicals, piscataway, nj). the purified igm was used to develop a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) in which igm was used as capture antibody and iodinated igm was used as a probe. this assay was ... | 1982 | 6286776 |
| dissociation of hepatitis a virus antigen-anti-hav antibody complexes by 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. | intravenous inoculation of two marmosets and one chimpanzee with hepatitis a virus (hav) resulted in the replication of virus in liver, excretion of hav particles in stool, and the appearance of circulating antibodies specific for hepatitis a. the development of an early antibody response in the chimpanzee and in one of the two infected marmosets was shown to interfere with the serologic detection of hav antigen (hav ag) in homogenates of acute phase liver tissue obtained from these animals. tre ... | 1982 | 6286866 |
| failure of guanidine and 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)benzimidazole to inhibit replication of hepatitis a virus in vitro. | replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the human hepatoma-derived plc/prf/5 cell line was neither inhibited in the presence of various concentrations of guanidine or d-2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)benzimidazole (d-hbb), nor were the two chemicals effective in combination. under identical conditions, however, replication of poliovirus type 1 was inhibited. tracer experiments with radiolabelled guanidine and d-hbb also furnished no evidence that the two antiviral substances were metabolized gradually ... | 1982 | 6288846 |
| [determination of hepatitis a virus in the feces of patients in the dynamics of the infectious process]. | excretion of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the time course of the infectious process is described. among 197 fecal specimens collected from 45 patients hav was found in 40 (20.5%); in 51% of the patients the virus was isolated in the 1st week of the icteric period, in 25% in the 2nd week and in 4% in the 3rd week. the buoyant density in cesium chloride gradient of virus specimens obtained on the 1st-2nd day of jaundice was represented by one peak of 1.30-1.35 g/cm3, whereas the material collected a ... | 1982 | 6289528 |
| transmission of hepatitis a virus among recently captured panamanian owl monkeys. | the presence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in 60% of procured owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) held within the united states prompted a study of recently captured a trivirgatus in panama. only 2 of 145 newly captured monkeys, but all of 35 a trivirgatus held within a colony for over 100 days, were found to have anti-hav. of 41 sero-negative, newly captured monkeys followed prospectively, 25 became infected with hepatitis a virus (hav) as evidenced by seroconversion or demonstration ... | 1982 | 6290600 |
| the frequency of hepatitis a and b viruses as the offending viral type in suspected hepatitis. | three hundred and thirty blood samples from patients suspected of having hepatitis on clinical grounds but in whom the aetiology of the hepatitis was unknown (93 whites and 237 blacks) were tested for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), anti-hbs, total anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) activity and anti-hav of the igm class. these tests identified the offending hepatitis virus whenever this was type a or type b, and also revealed the patient's immune status in respect of these viruse ... | 1983 | 6294888 |
| effect of chlorine treatment on infectivity of hepatitis a virus. | this study examined the effect of chlorine treatment on the infectivity of hepatitis a virus (hav). prodromal chimpanzee feces, shown to induce hepatitis in marmosets (saguinus sp.), was clarified, and the virus was precipitated with 7% polyethylene glycol 6000, harvested, and resuspended. the suspension was layered onto 5 to 30% linear sucrose gradients and centrifuged; the fractions containing hav were dialyzed, and a 1:500,000 dilution of this preparation induced hepatitis and seroconversion ... | 1983 | 6297391 |
| studies in chimpanzees of live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccine candidates. | human hepatitis a virus was attenuated in virulence for chimpanzees by passage in frhk6 and human diploid lung fibroblast cell cultures. a number of variants were developed by passage in cell cultures which showed different levels of virulence/attenuation for chimpanzees. these results were compared to those obtained with marmosets and reported previously. in general, most variants behaved similarly in the two animal types. two chimpanzees which gave vaccine-like responses following inoculation ... | 1983 | 6302710 |
| detection and persistence of specific iga antibodies in serum of patients with hepatitis a by capture radioimmunoassay. | the serum immunoglobulin a (iga) response to hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated with a sensitive capture radioimmunoassay. in serial serum samples drawn from 15 patients with viral hepatitis a, iga anti-hav antibodies reached their highest titer between 1-2 weeks after onset and peak titers ranged from 10,000-20,000. serum samples were available from six patients 30-32 months after onset of illness. these samples were all positive for iga anti-hav and some had titers similar to peak titers ... | 1983 | 6308139 |
| topology and immunoreactivity of capsid proteins in hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was propagated in a hepatoma cell line and complete viral particles with a density of 1.34 g/ml were purified from cell extracts. the topography of the viral proteins (vps) was studied by surface labelling with 125i and a solid-phase oxidant. the order of labelling intensity in complete particles was vp1 much greater than vp3 greater than vp2; labelling of vp4 was undetectable. when the particles were denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 100 degrees c before iodinatio ... | 1983 | 6310355 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of hepatitis a virus cdna. | double-stranded cdna was synthesized from hepatitis a virus (hav) rna and inserted into the pst i site of pbr322. restriction endonuclease digestion and cross-hybridization of fragments yielded a map of overlapping cloned cdnas that included at least 99% of the viral genome. molecular clones containing hav cdna were identified by hybridizing cloned cdna to electrophoretically resolved rna from uninfected and hav-infected tissue culture cells. cloned cdna probes specifically hybridized to rna fro ... | 1983 | 6310601 |
| incidence of hepatitis a virus infection in children in taipei, taiwan. | to understand the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in chinese children in taiwan, we determined the age-specific prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies (anti-hav) in 823 children, ranging from birth (cord blood) to 19 years of age. the frequency of anti-hav rose with increasing age with three different slopes, probably reflecting different age-specific incidences: lowest under 4 years of age, intermediate between 4 and 10 years, and highest above 10 years. we obtained ... | 1983 | 6313545 |
| posttransfusion hepatitis type a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) transmission through blood is a rare but potential cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. we can now document such a case supported by laboratory evidence of hav in the donor blood. a 10-year-old girl manifested icteric hepatitis a 31 days after receiving a single unit of packed rbcs from a donor who subsequently experienced hepatitis a and died in hepatic failure. hepatitis a virus antigen was detected in the donor's hepatocytes and in plasma obtained from the original dono ... | 1983 | 6313973 |
| [combination of radioimmunological and immunoelectron microscopic methods for detecting hepatitis a virus]. | the possibility of combined performance of radioimmunoassay (ria) and immune electron microscopy (iem) in one preparation using protein a of staphylococcus aureus for hepatitis a virus (hav) detection in fecal specimens from hepatitis a patients within a short time (40-50 min) has been demonstrated. in the examinations of one preparation by ria and iem, their sensitivity was found to be approximately similar. according to ria, a high content of hav antigen was observed in those preparations wher ... | 1983 | 6314673 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus and indicator organisms in water by free chlorine residuals. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and selected indicator organisms were mixed together in chlorine-demand-free buffers at ph 6, 8, or 10 and exposed to free chlorine residuals, and the survival kinetics of individual organisms were compared. hav was enumerated by a most-probable-number dilution assay, using plc/prf/5 liver cells for propagation of the virus and radioimmunoassay for its detection. at all ph levels, hav was more sensitive than mycobacterium fortuitum, coliphage v1 (representing a type of ph ... | 1983 | 6314894 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) cultivation on the cercopithecus kidney cell line (rc37). | | 1982 | 6314917 |
| progress toward a live attenuated human hepatitis a virus vaccine. | human hepatitis a virus (hav) was first grown in cell cultures four and one-half years ago, enabling significant progress toward the development of hav vaccines. vaccine development in a number of laboratories has proceeded on three fronts: 1) live, attenuated vaccine of cell culture origin; 2) inactivated vaccine of cell culture origin; and 3) genetic recombinant vaccines. our studies to date have focused most heavily on the development of a live, attenuated hav vaccine, although we have also m ... | 1983 | 6317494 |
| serum neutralizing antibody response to hepatitis a virus. | serum neutralizing antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) was measured in experimentally infected primates and naturally infected humans by means of an assay based on the autoradiographic detection of viral replication foci in vitro. infection of primates with either pa-33 or hm-175 strains of hav elicited antibody capable of neutralizing either strain. sequential testing of two monkeys showed that neutralizing antibody correlated closely with antibody detected by immunoassay, developed before live ... | 1983 | 6317766 |
| [release of hepatitis a virus into the culture medium, during its replication in plc/prf/5 cells]. | hepatitis a virus (hav), obtained from human feces collected 3 days after the onset of jaundice, was propagated in human hepatocarcinoma cells (plc/prf/5). in the course of 5 passages, it was released into the supernatant without cytopathic effect. released hav was propagated after inoculation into plc/prf/5 cells. its biophysical properties (buoyant density in cscl: 1, 33 g/cm3; sedimentation coefficient: 155 s) were similar to those of the infectious particle present in the cells or in the sto ... | 1983 | 6318925 |
| viral enhancement and interference induced in cell culture by hepatitis a virus: application to quantitative assays for hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) growing in human diploid lung fibroblast (mrc5) monolayers can either interfere with or enhance the cytopathic effect of newcastle disease virus (ndv) challenge. enhancement of ndv occurred if hav-infected monolayers were challenged with a low multiplicity of infection of ndv and incubated at 35 degrees c. interference occurred if hav-infected monolayers were given a high ndv multiplicity of infection and incubated at 32 degrees c. these phenomena were applied to assays f ... | 1984 | 6320206 |
| a comparison of enzyme-immunoassay and radioimmunoassay for detection of hepatitis a virus and antibodies against hepatitis a virus. | a direct comparison has been made of tracers labelled with an enzyme and with 125i in solid phase enzyme-immunoassay (eia) and solid phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) antigen and antibodies to hav. by comparing the binding capacity of peroxidase-labelled anti-hav-igg and anti-hav-f(ab)2 fragments tracers, anti-hav-igg was found to have a higher binding capacity than anti-hav-f(ab)2 fragments in both eia and ria. for eia 16.25-fold more anti-hav-igg was nee ... | 1984 | 6321510 |
| persistent infection of human fibroblasts by hepatitis a virus. | infection of human embryo fibroblasts with hepatitis a virus (hav), a picornavirus, leads to an inapparent, persistent infection; cultures can be passed serially with consistent recovery of the virus in the supernatant. all of the cells of a hav carrier culture are infected and proliferate. subcultivation under hav-immune serum cannot achieve a cure or even a reduction in the number of infected cells in hav carrier cultures. no interferon activity can be detected during hav infection and persist ... | 1984 | 6321640 |
| [interference between human hepatitis a virus and an attenuated avian virus non-pathogenic to man]. | | 1984 | 6330640 |
| effect of hepatitis a virus infection on cell metabolism in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), when inoculated into cultures of the plc/prf/5 cell line which produces the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag), showed growth characteristics different from those of other picornaviruses. antigen of hav (haag) is expressed only about 10 days after infection. no major impact on the overall macromolecular biosynthesis of the host cells is observed. the growth rate of hav-infected and uninfected cells was comparable, although the plating efficiency of infected cel ... | 1984 | 6364147 |
| unrelatedness of factor viii-derived non-a/non-b hepatitis and hepatitis b virus. | a dna hybridization assay was used to detect hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific dna sequences in extracted sera obtained from chimpanzees infected with hbv, hepatitis a virus (hav), and a factor viii-derived non-a/non-b (nanb) agent. the results did not reveal any hbv-dna homology with sera obtained from animals infected with hav or factor viii-derived nanb. sera obtained from two hbv-infected chimpanzees demonstrated that hbv-specific dna could be detected during the acute phase of the disease. i ... | 1983 | 6403666 |
| evidence for a virus in non-a, non-b hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route. | typical acute hepatitis was reproduced in a human volunteer immune to hepatitis a virus (hav) after oral administration of pooled stool extracts from presumed cases of epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis. markers of hepatitis b infection, anti-hav igm, and increase in total anti-hav level were not detectable in the volunteer's sera during the course of infection. spherical 27- to 30-nm virus-like particles were visualized by immune electron microscopy (iem) in stool samples collected during preclini ... | 1983 | 6409836 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis in palermo, western sicily. | aetiological studies were carried out on 407 cases of acute viral hepatitis during two consecutive years in two general hospitals in palermo, sicily. two hundred ninety-seven showed serological evidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and 73 of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. of the remaining 37, two had a serologically diagnosed cytomegalovirus hepatitis, while 35 were classified as non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis. the frequency of the different major agents of acute viral hepatitis was n ... | 1983 | 6418855 |
| present knowledge of viral hepatitis. | the term viral hepatitis refers to the diseases produced by at least three, and perhaps four or five aetiologic agents that differ in their virologic characteristics, ecologic mechanisms, epidemiologic patterns, and long term consequences. these divergences are now well-defined for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). hav is an rna virus dependent upon consecutive transmission in childhood, and is not associated with long term sequelae. in contrast, hbv is a dna virus capable of ... | 1984 | 6429053 |
| aetiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in adults in kenya. | markers for acute hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis non-a, non-b (hnanb) infections were examined in the sera of 94 patients presenting with acute hepatitis in kenya. hepatitis b virus was responsible for 70% of cases, hnanb for 18%, and hav for only 12%. the use of an igm anti-hbc assay increased the rate of diagnosis of acute hbv infection, thereby reducing the proportion of cases designated as nanb. | 1984 | 6439821 |
| glomerulonephritis associated with arteritis in marmosets infected with hepatitis a virus. | seven of 8 marmosets (saguinus oedipus and saguinus labiatus) injected i.v. with different inocula of hepatitis a virus isolated from patients in the acute phase of disease developed proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with arteritis. the glomerulonephritis was characterized by immunofluorescent and electron-dense deposits and hypercellularity. although no antigenic component of the glomerular immune complex was detected, this glomerulonephritis and arteritis may be diagnosed morphologic ... | 1981 | 6452891 |
| wild malaysian cynomolgus monkeys are exposed to hepatitis a virus. | serum samples were obtained within 3 days of capture from 106 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) in peninsular malaysia. fifty-two monkeys were trapped on the fringes of palm oil estates and 54 in dense primary jungle. sera were tested for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) with a commercial radioimmunoassay. twenty-four animals had detectable serum anti-hav activity (6 of 52 from palm oil estate sites and 18 of 54 from primary jungle sites). among monkeys at both sites, antibody preval ... | 1984 | 6486304 |
| serologic markers of hepatitis b and a infections in the healthy population. | the prevalence of the serologic markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 200 healthy subjects. one hundred and seven persons (53.5%) were positive for at least one marker of hbv. the prevalence of each marker was: hbsag - 9.0%, anti-hbs alone - 2.0%, anti-hbc alone - 2.5%, anti-hbs and anti-hbc - 29.0%, hbsag and anti-hbc - 11.0%. evidence of a previous infection with hav was found in 155 persons (77.5%); three of them ... | 1983 | 6636535 |
| antibodies directed against human liver specific membrane lipoprotein (lsp) in marmosets experimentally infected with the hepatitis a virus. | autoantibodies directed against liver plasma membrane antigens have recently been described in patients with acute viral hepatitis, type a (avh-a). to further investigate this phenomenon, the antibody against one such liver membrane antigen, liver specific membrane lipoprotein (lsp), was assayed in six marmosets orally inoculated with hepatitis a virus (hav). using a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique, anti-human lsp antibodies were detected in five of six animals. two peaks of 125i-hlsp bindi ... | 1984 | 6705267 |
| acquisition of antibodies to various coxsackie and echo viruses and hepatitis a virus in agricultural communal settlements in israel. | a seroepidemiological study was conducted to measure the antibody prevalence for eight different enteric viruses. these include seven "classical" enteroviruses, ie, coxsackie virus types a9, b1, b3, b4 and three echo virus types 4, 7, and 9, as well as hepatitis a virus (hav), recently classified as enterovirus 72. sera samples were obtained from 791 residents living in 29 agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) with a total population of 15,950. the results indicated that the acquisition of antibo ... | 1984 | 6747611 |
| a non-a non-b hepatitis epidemic in a hb antigen-free haemodialysis unit. demonstration of serological markers of non-a non-b virus. | one hundred and thirty six patients receiving haemodialysis in a hb antigen-free unit were prospectively studied over a period of 29 months for evidence of hepatitis. twelve/one hundred and eleven patients who were dialysed in this unit for at least one month developed elevation of alt which proved to be related to neither toxic hepatitis nor hepatitis due to any of the following viruses: hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis a virus (hav), cytomegalovirus (cmv) or epstein-barr virus (ebv). therefo ... | 1980 | 6787582 |
| changing epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis in greece. | we have studied the epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in adult patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital of athens in 1980. commercially available radioimmunoassays were used for the detection of the hepatitis b surface antigen, its antibody, the antibody to the core of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the igg and igm antibody to the hepatitis a virus (hav). hbv was responsible for 59.9%, hav for 20.4% and hepatitis non-a, non-b virus for the remaining 19. ... | 1982 | 6802765 |
| fulminant type a viral hepatitis in a chimpanzee. | a case of a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis caused by spontaneous hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was reported. the liver at autopsy revealed massive liver cell necrosis with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. aggregation of hav-like particles (22-25 nm in diameter) were found within the vesicles of hepatocytes under the electron microscope. immunofluorescent examination of the liver showed positive staining for hav antigen, c1q, c3, c4, immunoglobulin m (igm), and immuno ... | 1982 | 7041511 |
| hepatitis a virus infection in households. | the behavior of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among 980 members of 230 families in two rural districts of costa rica was studied prospectively from the recognition of the index case. the initial prevalence of detectable antibody (anti-hav) ranged from 26.2% in children to 71.4% in adults. the ratio of index to household-associated infections was significantly higher among children than among adolescents and adults, indicating that children were most often responsible for the hav introduction ... | 1982 | 7072704 |
| hepatitis virus infection in flying airline personnel. | sera of 1126 flying personnel of an airline were tested for signs of ongoing or past infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or with hepatitis a virus (hav). the prevalence of anti-ha antibodies was similar in all professional categories of flying personnel and the same or slightly lower than in swiss blood donors. the frequency of immune markers identifying hbv immunity was similar in pilots, flight-engineers, and female flight attendants compared to swiss blood donors. however, hbv immunity wa ... | 1982 | 7115245 |
| hepatitis virus infection in an isolated canadian inuit (eskimo) population. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection was studied in a northern canadian inuit (eskimo) settlement. sera from 720 of the 850 inhabitants of baker lake, canada, were tested for markers of hav and hbv infection. anti-hav was present in 71% of the residents and its prevalence increased with age. serologic evidence of hbv infections was found in 27% of residents. the prevalence increased with age, being uncommon under the age of 20 (6%) and almost universa ... | 1982 | 7161596 |
| antibody to hepatitis b core antigen in blood donors with a history of hepatitis. | sera and questionnaires from 3,230 prospective u.s. volunteer blood donors were obtained in an earlier study to determine the prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) among prospective blood donors with or without a history of either hepatitis or blood transfusion. these sera were reevaluated using a radioimmunoassay for antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc). anti-hbc in the absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) or its antibody (an ... | 1981 | 7233523 |
| a virologically studied epidemic of type a hepatitis in a school for the mentally retarded. | the occurrence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a small boarding school for mildly to moderately mentally retarded children in umka, yugoslavia, in the spring of 1979, six years after the last recognized occurrence, provided an opportunity to study the spread of the agent among 79 classroom and dormitory contacts. only 51% of those who had entered subsequent to the prior outbreak had detectable antibody (anti-hav) with immunoglobulin g predominance, and the proportion within the first six ... | 1981 | 7304561 |
| [seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in street children of goiânia-goiás]. | a cross-sectional study was performed to determine the age-prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) among street youth from goiania city--central brazil, and to determine if any risk factors could be identified. the surveys were conducted between 1991/1992. the street youth were 397 individuals aged 7 to 21 years old living in institutions and teenagers working at streets. then, 313 adolescents working at streets and with family links, and 84 institutionalized ones without family were screened for ... | 1995 | 7480913 |
| identification and site-directed mutagenesis of the primary (2a/2b) cleavage site of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein: functional impact on the infectivity of hav rna transcripts. | the junction between 2a and 2b proteins of the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein is processed by the virus-encoded 3c protease to liberate the precursor for capsid proteins, but details of this cleavage remain poorly defined. we identified the location of this primary cleavage by a novel approach involving expression of hav polypeptides in eukaryotic cells via recombinant vaccinia viruses. a substrate polyprotein spanning the putative hav 2a/2b site was fused at its c-terminus to a poliovirus ... | 1995 | 7483265 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 gene in two cell culture-adapted hav strains from a unique pathogenic isolate. | the nucleotide sequences of the vp1 coding region of two newly characterized, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hav) strains (rg-sb11 and rg-sb16) were analyzed and compared with homologous regions of previously characterized hav strains of human or monkey origin, and at different levels of tissue-culture adaptation. in particular, hm175wt and its derivative strains and mbb, lcdc1, pa21, and agm27 isolates were considered. rg-sb11 and rg-sb16 hav strains were derived from a pathogenic isol ... | 1995 | 7483287 |
| vaccination against hepatitis a virus in french hemophilic children. | | 1995 | 7483502 |
| antigenicity of hepatitis a virus after ultra-violet inactivation. | ultra-violet (uv) treatment has been shown to inactivate hepatitis a virus (hav) in wastewater and polluted drinking water. whether this method could be used to inactivate virus preparations made for vaccine purposes is not known since the effect of uv on the antigenicity of hav has not been studied. hav vaccine preparations have been treated effectively with formaldehyde. however, this method is time-consuming, since treatment times of up to 15 days have been published as necessary for a comple ... | 1995 | 7483806 |
| the proposed gene for vp1 of hav encodes for a larger protein than that observed in hav-infected cells and virions. | the termini of hepatitis a virus (hav) mature proteins have been assigned mainly by their homology to other picornaviruses and their apparent electrophoretic mobility; the proposed coding sequence for vp1 is supposed to encompass 900 nucleotides from position 2208 to 3107 of the hav genome. in order to further characterize this protein, we analyzed the in vitro-and in vivo-synthesized translation products of the putative vp1 gene. cdna coding for full-length vp1 was cloned under the control of a ... | 1995 | 7491792 |
| virucidal short wavelength ultraviolet light treatment of plasma and factor viii concentrate: protection of proteins by antioxidants. | the use of solvent/detergent mixtures and various forms of heat treatment to inactivate viruses has become widespread in the preparation of blood derivatives. because viruses that lack lipid envelopes and/or are heat resistant, eg, hepatitis a virus (hav) or parvovirus b19 may be present, the use of two methods of virus elimination that operate by different mechanisms has been advocated. we now report on short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) irradiation for virus inactivation and enhancement ... | 1995 | 7492794 |
| transmission of hepatitis a to patients with hemophilia by factor viii concentrates treated with organic solvent and detergent to inactivate viruses. the italian collaborative group. | to determine whether an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection that occurred in 52 patients with hemophilia in italy was acquired through infusion of contaminated factor viii or through environmental enteric transmission. | 1994 | 7504424 |
| simple method of concentrating enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus from sewage and ocean water for rapid detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid and simple method was developed to detect enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) in sewage and ocean water. sewage samples were concentrated by centriprep-100 and centricon-100 at 1,000 x g. samples collected from estuary and near-shore surf zone ocean water in southern california were concentrated by vortex flow filtration and microconcentration. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), with enterovirus primers or hav capsid-specific primers, was used to detect enter ... | 1993 | 7504433 |
| mimicry of the immunodominant conformation-dependent antigenic site of hepatitis a virus by motifs selected from synthetic peptide libraries. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a positive-strand rna virus with a genome length of approximately 7,480 nucleotides. although hav morphogenesis is thought to be similar to that of poliovirus, the prototype picornavirus, the complete characterization of the antigenic structure of this virus remains elusive. all the available evidences, however, support the existence, on hav virions and empty capsids, of an immunodominant neutralization antigenic site which is conformation dependent and whose structure ... | 1995 | 7543581 |
| [immunogenicity and tolerance of a combined hepatitis a/b vaccine. preliminary results with a candidate vaccine]. | active immunization against hepatitis a having been undertaken in germany since january 1993, a multicentre study was conducted to test, for the first time, immunogenicity of and tolerance to a candidate vaccine against hepatitis a and b. | 1995 | 7555671 |
| [an expanding spectrum of hepatitis viruses]. | | 1994 | 7555796 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in a comparative study. | a multicentre, controlled, randomised, open, comparative trial including 839 healthy adult volunteers was carried out in order to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two vaccines against hepatitis a virus (hav) during primary immunization and after booster injection. the first vaccine was produced by pasteur mérieux (pm), and the second vaccine by smith-kline beecham (skb). the vaccination schedule consisted of 2 doses (months 0, 6) for pm and 3 doses (months 0, 1, and 6) for skb. t ... | 1995 | 7561805 |
| symptomatic hepatitis a virus infection during the first year of life. | | 1995 | 7567297 |
| hepatitis a updated. | | 1995 | 7570128 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a (anti-hav) in singapore: the nfdd experience. | at the 4th national foundation for digestive disease (nfdd) day in 1991 where public lectures on prevention of hepatitis and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma were given, screening of sera obtained from 364 registrants for antibodies to hepatitis a (igg) was undertaken. the overall sero-prevalence rate was 50%, with 55% for males and 46% for females with antibodies for hav. none of the subjects below 20 years old had antibodies to hav. this rose to 16% for those 21-30 years old and 92% ... | 1995 | 7570129 |
| an infectious cdna clone of a cytopathic hepatitis a virus: genomic regions associated with rapid replication and cytopathic effect. | rapidly replicating, cytopathic (rr/cpe+) variants of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolated from persistently infected bs-c-1 cells have numerous mutations from cell culture-adapted rr/cpe- hav. to determine which mutations in one rr/cpe+ virus, hm175/18f, determine enhanced replication in bs-c-1 cells, a series of chimeric viruses was rescued from infectious cdnas in which hm175/18f genomic segments were placed within the background of a related rr/cpe- virus, hav/7. chimeric viruses containing the ... | 1995 | 7571438 |
| detection of hepatitis b and hepatitis c viral sequences in fulminant hepatic failure of unknown etiology. | in a significant number of patients, the etiology of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is unknown. to determine whether hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) play a role in patients without serologic markers of hbv and hcv infection, the authors examined tissue samples from 15 liver explants with massive hepatic necrosis for the presence of viral sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the specimens were derived from nine patients with fhf of unknown etiology; two with seru ... | 1995 | 7572821 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a among south african patients with hemophilia: evidence implicating contaminated factor viii concentrate as the source. | we report an outbreak of hepatitis a in nine south african hemophiliacs treated exclusively with infusions of factor viii concentrate. the solvent/detergent (s/d) method (which does not inactivate nonenveloped viruses) was used for virus eradication. in three of six patients studied at a molecular level hepatitis a virus (hav) complementary dna (cdna) amplified from serum by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was identical to hav cdna in 1 of 14 lots (no. 53) of factor viii ... | 1995 | 7590648 |