| comparison of two methods used to analyse lipid peroxidation from vaccinium myrtillus (l.) during snow removal, reacclimation and cold acclimation. | malondialdehyde (mda) concentration is a widely used method to analyse lipid peroxidation in biological material. in plant tissues, however, certain compounds (anthocyanins, carbohydrates) may interfere with measurements which may lead to an overestimation of the mda levels. two methods were compared for analysing lipid peroxidation, either uncorrected or corrected for interfering compounds. the comparison was performed in three separate experiments with respect to cold treatments (snow removal ... | 2001 | 11709587 |
| [analysis of anthocyanin content in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruit crude drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography method]. | bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) is rich in flavonoids (major part anthocyanins), tannins, phenolic and organic acids, and other biologically active compounds. anthocianins possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties. variation in anthocyanin content of bilberry fruit crude drugs is significant in optimizing collection conditions. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) crude drug samples were collected in july-september of 2006 in natural environment in the territory of lithuania. ultrasonic ... | 2007 | 17768372 |
| new liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection for analysis of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in vaccinium myrtillus fruit dry extracts and commercial preparations. | the vaccinium myrtillus fruits (bilberry) are a well-known anthocyanins source, and their extracts are widely used in dietary botanicals and pharmaceutical products for the treatment of vascular and vision disorders. different analytical methods used for standardization of the bilberry extracts and their preparations are available from pharmacopeias and from the literature. however, the methods reported in the literature do not allow the detection of free anthocyanidins, which are markers of poo ... | 2016 | 17760327 |
| complete assignment of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) anthocyanins separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. | capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) mobilities of fifteen anthocyanins in bilberry extract were completely characterized. four minor anthocyanins in bilberry extract (malvidin 3-o-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (mv 3-ara), peonidin 3-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside (pn 3-gal), peonidin 3-o-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (pn 3-ara), and petunidin 3-o-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (pt 3-ara)) that remained unidentified in our previous cze study were isolated from the bilberry extract, and the chemical structures we ... | 2004 | 14758008 |
| activation of flavonoid biosynthesis by solar radiation in bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l) leaves. | the effect of solar radiation on flavonoid biosynthesis was studied in bilberry ( vaccinium myrtillus l.) leaves. expression of flavonoid pathway genes of bilberry was studied in the upper leaves of bilberry, exposed to direct sunlight, in the shaded leaves growing lower in the same plants and in fruits. bilberry-specific digoxigenin-dutp-labeled cdna fragments of five genes from the general phenylpropanoid pathway coding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and from the flavonoid pathway coding chalcone ... | 2004 | 14666422 |
| writing the fairy huckleberry finn: william goyen's and truman capote's genderings of male homosexuality. | after rehearsing persisting representations of same-sex desire in the southern renaissance's literary production, this essay charts how novels by truman capote and william goyen reveal contradictory genderings of male homosexuality. capote's other voices, other rooms collapses male gay identity with effeminacy, while goyen's the house of breath replicates this model but also contrasts it with a coexisting and competing one in which masculine men can physically act upon gay desire. thus, contrary ... | 1998 | 9505226 |
| nitrogen acquisition from inorganic and organic sources by boreal forest plants in the field. | a wide range of recent studies have indicated that organic nitrogen may be of great importance to plant nitrogen (n) nutrition. most of these studies have, however, been conducted in laboratory settings, excluding important factors for actual plant uptake, such as competition, mycorrhizal associations and soil interactions. in order to accurately evaluate the importance of different n compounds to plant n nutrition, field studies are crucial. in this study, we investigated short- as well as long ... | 2003 | 12883986 |
| impacts of winter icing events on the growth, phenology and physiology of sub-arctic dwarf shrubs. | the arctic is experiencing the greatest climate change in winter, including increases in freeze-thaw cycles that can result in ice encasement of vegetation. ice encasement can expose plants to hypoxia and greater temperature extremes, but currently the impacts of icing on plants in the field remain little understood. with this in mind, a unique field manipulation experiment was established in heathland in northern sweden with ice encasement simulated in early march 2008, 2009 and 2010 until natu ... | 2012 | 22568724 |
| is the degree of clonality of forest herbs dependent on gap age? using fingerprinting approaches to assess optimum successional stages for montane forest herbs. | using molecular fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphism [aflp] method), we explored the potential of small-scale population analysis for understanding colonization patterns of herb layer species in forests after canopy disturbance. we investigated three common forest understorey species with different life forms (trientalis europaea, calamagrostis villosa, and vaccinium myrtillus) in the harz mountains in germany in three different gap age classes and undisturbed forest. for two o ... | 2011 | 22393501 |
| effect of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on ischaemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. | the effects of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides (vma) on ischaemia reperfusion injury were investigated in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. ischaemia was induced by clamping the cheek pouch for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. the microvasculature was visualized by a fluorescence technique. vma [10 mg (100 g body weight)-1] were orally administered for 2 and 4 weeks. the number of adhering leukocytes to venular vessel walls, the perfused capillary length, the increase in per ... | 2015 | 7630857 |
| densities of microtime rodents along a pollution gradient from a copper-nickel smelter. | population densities of microtine rodents were studied along an air pollution gradient in the kola peninsula, russia, by long-term and short-term trapping. the study area is affected by high sulphur dioxide and heavy metal emissions from the severonikel copper-nickel smelter in monchegorsk. the density of clethrionomys rufocanus, the most abundant vole species in the area, was lowest close to the smelter and increased with distance up to the farthest, less polluted trapping sites. clethrionomys ... | 1994 | 28313738 |
| allelopathic potential in bilberry-spruce forests: influence of phenolic compounds on spruce seedlings. | regeneration failure ofpicea abies in a subalpine bilberry-spruce forest was studied in relation to phenolic compounds, their occurrence and toxicity. germination bioassays with natural leachates of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) and spruce showed negative effects on root elongation of spruce seedlings. growth bioassays on litter and humus demonstrated inhibitory effects of these organic layers.p-hydroxyacetophenone, a spruce-specific metabolite, was isolated in spruce throughfall (10(-6) m), in ... | 1994 | 24242299 |
| [the role of whortleberry anthocyanosides in the microcirculation]. | | 1993 | 8290121 |
| phenolic acids in leaves of arctostaphylos uva ursi l., vaccinium vitis idaea l. and vaccinium myrtillus l. | | 1991 | 1798740 |
| effects of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on arterial vasomotion. | the effects of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides (myrtocyan, vma; cas 84082-34-8) on arteriolar vasomotion were assessed in cheek pouch microcirculation of anesthetized hamsters and in skeletal muscle microvasculature of unanesthetized hamster skin fold window preparation. intravenously injected vma induced vasomotion in cheek pouch arterioles and terminal arterioles with higher frequency in smaller vessels. in the skeletal muscle arteriolar networks vma increased vasomotion frequency and ampl ... | 1991 | 1796918 |
| element interactions and soil properties affecting the soil-to-plant transfer of six elements relevant to radioactive waste in boreal forest. | cobalt (co), lead (pb), molybdenum (mo), nickel (ni), uranium (u), and zinc (zn) are among the elements that have radioactive isotopes in radioactive waste. soil-to-plant transfer is a key process for possible adverse effects if these radionuclides are accidentally released into the environment. the present study aimed at investigating factors affecting such transfer in boreal forest. the plant species studied were blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus), may lily (maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler ... | 2012 | 22130976 |
| absence of snow cover reduces understory plant cover and alters plant community composition in boreal forests. | snow regimes affect biogeochemistry of boreal ecosystems and are altered by climate change. the effects on plant communities, however, are largely unexplored despite their influence on relevant processes. here, the impact of snow cover on understory community composition and below-ground production in a boreal picea abies forest was investigated using a long-term (8-year) snow cover manipulation experiment consisting of the treatments: snow removal, increased insulation (styrofoam pellets), and ... | 2012 | 21850524 |
| bilberry extract reduces uva-induced oxidative stress in hacat keratinocytes: a pilot study. | exposure to uva radiation is known to cause many adverse biological effects by inducing the stricken cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ros). in recent years the use of botanicals has received considerable interest in the skin protection. bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) fruit contains several polyphenols with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. in this study we evaluated potential uva preventive effect of v. myrtillus fruit extract (vme; anthocyanins, 25% w/w) in hacat ... | 2008 | 19509461 |
| using tom and huck to develop moral reasoning in adolescents: a strategy for the classroom. | the first part of this article examines some theoretical arguments for teaching moral education in the classroom. this discussion is followed by an investigation into how the use of fiction might enhance this process. finally, a specific strategy using mark twain's novel, the adventures of huckleberry finn, is offered as an example of how this might be done. | 1988 | 3407494 |
| effects of sampling time and nitrogen fertilization on anthocyanidin levels in vaccinium myrtillus fruits. | vaccinium myrtillus berries (bilberries) contain antioxidants, in particular anthocyanins, which are secondary metabolites that have proven health-promoting effects. bilberries were collected at the svartberget research forest in northern sweden from plots with no, low, and high applications of nh(4)no(3) on three replicated dates in each year from 2005-2007, and their anthocyanidin contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. their mean total anthocyanidin contents were 9.0 ... | 2009 | 19368355 |
| an evidence-based systematic review of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) by the natural standard research collaboration. | an evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. | 2009 | 22435415 |
| expression profiling of genes targeted by bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) in macrophages through dna microarray. | to evaluate the anti-inflammatory function and underlying genes targeted by bilberry, gene expression profiling through dna microarray was performed on bilberry extract-treated macrophages. among 22,050 oligonucleotides, the expression levels of 998 genes were increased by > or = twofold in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated raw264 cells, 358 gene signals of which were attenuated by bilberry extract (> or = 1.5-fold). expression levels of 2,086 genes were decreased by > or = twofold in lps-activ ... | 2008 | 19003580 |
| [therapeutic value of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides in an internal medicine department]. | | 1972 | 4650528 |
| [determination of tannin in leaves of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.)]. | | 1970 | 5509888 |
| [effect of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides associated with betacarotenes on light sensitivity]. | | 1967 | 5608903 |
| huckleberry finn. a psychoanalytic study. | | 1966 | 4165962 |
| [on the occurrence of salidroside in the leaves of the red whortleberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.)]. | | 1966 | 5987586 |
| [study concerning the action of anthocyanoside extracts of vaccinium myrtillus on night vision]. | | 1965 | 5320417 |
| [wormicide activity of extracts from the dry fruit of black bilberries (vaccinium myrtillus l.), red bilberries (vaccinium vitis idaea l.) and marsh cranberries (oxycoccus quadripetalus gilib.) on (enchytraeus albidus)]. | | 1961 | 13765813 |
| [rational utilization of vaccinium myrtillus berries]. | | 2009 | 13208192 |
| chemical investigation of vaccinium myrtillus l. | | 1954 | 13151987 |
| [huckleberry, vaccinium myrtillus l. iii..]. | | 1951 | 13100031 |
| [bilberry, vaccinium myrtillus. ii. pharmacy]. | | 1951 | 14864058 |
| [the bilberry, vaccinium myrtillus l]. | | 1951 | 14864029 |
| the threatened extinction of the box huckleberry, gaylussacia brachycera. | | 1919 | 17801660 |
| on the bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) as a remedy in typhoid fever and other infectious diseases of the intestine. | | 1903 | 20760689 |
| contrasting strategies for uv-b screening in sub-arctic dwarf shrubs. | the content and distribution of uv-absorbing phenolic compounds was investigated in leaves of three species of vaccinium co-existing at a site in north sweden. vaccinium myrtillus l., vaccinium vitis-idaea l., and vaccinium uliginosum l. exhibit markedly different strategies, in terms of localization and content of leaf phenolics and in their responses to uv-b enhancement. plants were exposed to either ambient radiation or to enhancement of uv-b corresponding to 15% (clear sky) depletion of stra ... | 2003 | 12803622 |
| expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, and flavonol levels during bilberry fruit development. | the production of anthocyanins in fruit tissues is highly controlled at the developmental level. we have studied the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes during the development of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus) fruit in relation to the accumulation of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols in wild berries and in color mutants of bilberry. the cdna fragments of five genes from the flavonoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflav ... | 2002 | 12376640 |
| structural dependence of hplc separation pattern of anthocyanins from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.). | an hplc method using isocratic elution was established for the analysis of fifteen anthocyanins contained in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.). separation was attained by using an aqueous solution of 20% methanol containing 0.5% tfa as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 2 ml/min. the detection limit was 0.3 pmol for delphinidin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, which is a major anthocyanin in bilberry extract. the reproducibility was 0.19-3.85% (s.e.m) for peak area and 0.64-0.77% (s.e.m) for relati ... | 2004 | 15133222 |
| a comparative ultrastructural study of pit membranes with plasmodesmata associated thickenings in four angiosperm species. | recent micromorphological observations of angiosperm pit membranes have extended the number and range of taxa with pseudo-tori in tracheary elements. this study investigates at ultrastructural level (tem) the development of pseudo-tori in the unrelated malus yunnanensis, ligustrum vulgare, pittosporum tenuifolium, and vaccinium myrtillus in order to determine whether these plasmodesmata associated thickenings have a similar developmental pattern across flowering plants. at early ontogenetic stag ... | 2008 | 18769866 |
| airborne heavy metal pollution and its effects on foliar elemental composition of empetrum hermaphroditum and vaccinium myrtillus in sør-varanger, northern norway. | uptake of al, cu, fe, mn, ni, ca, k, mg, p, and s in empetrum nigrum l. ssp. hermaphroditum hagerup and vaccinium myrtillus l. from ni, cu and so2 contaminated sites in sør-varanger, northern norway, were investigated. the primary objective was to study the effect of airborne heavy metal pollution on foliar element composition of these two dwarf shrubs. ni distribution and availability in soils clearly indicate atmospheric deposition of ni particulates in sør-varanger. foliar ni concentrations i ... | 2001 | 11584644 |
| complementarity in mineral nitrogen use among dominant plant species in a subalpine community. | the underlying mechanisms that enable plant species to coexist are poorly understood. complementarity in resource use is among the major mechanisms proposed that could favor species coexistence but is insufficiently documented. in alpine soil, low temperatures are a major constraint for the supply of plant nitrogen. we carried out (15)n labeling of soil mineral n to determine to what extent four major species of a subalpine community compete for n, or develop ionic (nh(4)(+) vs. no(3)(-)) or tem ... | 2007 | 21636372 |
| leaf habit influences nitrogen remobilization in vaccinium species. | the effect of n supply on plant growth and leaf demography of a deciduous and an evergreen ericaceae was studied in relation to their internal cycling of n. mature ramets of vaccinium myrtillus (deciduous) and vaccinium vitis-idaea (evergreen) were established in sand culture for 1 year with an adequate supply of a balanced nutrient solution. during one growing season, the plants were given two levels of n supply enriched with 15n and eight sequential destructive harvests were taken. recovery of ... | 2001 | 11432916 |
| a novel plant alpha4-fucosyltransferase (vaccinium myrtillus l.) synthesises the lewis(a) adhesion determinant. | we have partially characterised an alpha4-fucosyltransferase (alpha4-fuct) from vaccinium myrtillus, which catalysed the biosynthesis of the lewis(a) adhesion determinant. the enzyme was stable up to 50 degrees c. the optimum ph was 7.0, both in the presence and in the absence of mn(2+). the enzyme was inhibited by mn(2+) and co(2+), and showed resistance towards inhibition with n-ethylmaleimide. it transferred fucose to n-acetylglucosamine in the type i galbeta3glcnac motif from oligosaccharide ... | 2001 | 11423123 |
| content of the flavonols myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol in finnish berry wines. | the amounts of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were analyzed in 16 red and 2 white berry and grape wines after acid hydrolysis using an rp-hplc method with diode array detection. the red berry wines analyzed were made mainly from black currant, crowberry, and bog whortleberry, i.e., berries rich in flavonols. the red grape wines were made mainly from cabernet sauvignon or merlot grapes in several countries. the white wines studied were gooseberry and white currant wines and chardonnay and r ... | 2000 | 11032478 |
| effect of industrial pollution on soil-to-plant transfer of plutonium in a boreal forest. | plutonium in a forest ecosystem was studied at different distances from the copper and nickel smelter at monchegorsk, kola peninsula, russia. soil and plant samples were collected 7 (site a), 16 (b), 21 (c) and 28 (d) km from the smelter and at a reference site situated in finland, 152 km from monchegorsk. the deposition of cu in litter and in the organic layer decreased from 10700 mg/m2 at site a to 33 mg/m2 at the reference site, the deposition of ni from 14300 to 29 mg/m2. from the reference ... | 2001 | 11669264 |
| content of the flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in 25 edible berries. | the amounts of quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol aglycons in 25 edible berries were analyzed by an optimized rp-hplc method with uv detection and identified with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection. sixteen species of cultivated berries and nine species of wild berries were collected in finland in 1997. quercetin was found in all berries, the contents being highest in bog whortleberry (158 mg/kg, fresh weight), lingonberry (74 and 146 mg/kg), cranberry (83 and ... | 1999 | 10794622 |
| accelerated dehardening in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) induced by a small elevation in air temperature. | the effect of climatic warming on the dehardening potential of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) in a northern boreal environment (65 degrees n) was studied. natural stands of bilberry were heated artificially in winter. no reference point for the heating was set, since the purpose was to follow the fluctuations in ambient air temperatures. these were 2-3 degrees c higher in the heated plots than in the control plots from october to may. frost resistance (lt50) and the ph of cell effusate were m ... | 1997 | 15093348 |
| [polyphenolic composition of the leaf of bilberry]. | dried leaves of 14 harvested batches and one batch from commercial origine of vaccinium myrtillus l present a similar polyphenolic pattern. the mean levels of the harvested batches and the levels of the commercial batch were respectively: total polyphenol compounds 12.98 and 10.62%, tannins 7.84 and 7.43%, total flavonoid compounds 2.98 and 2.20% (spectrophotometry), 1.41 and 1.16% (hplc), quercetin 3-glucuronide 1.02 and 0.83%, hyperoside 0.22 and 0.16%, chlorogenic acid 3.66 and 1.58%. the lev ... | 1996 | 9008904 |
| magnetic circular dichroism studies on vaccinium myrtillus cationic peroxidases. | | 1995 | 7672180 |
| how and why should we standardize phytopharmaceutical drugs for clinical validation? | standardized extracts are needed to carry out reliable clinical trials. the standardization of an extract does not include only a whole of analytical controls: it requires also a thorough description of the starting drug and of the whole extraction process, both basic items for the constancy of the quality of an extract. another not minor aspect in the standardization of an extract is its nomenclature which must include all the necessary data for a clear definition (drug, physical state, solvent ... | 1991 | 1881157 |
| effect of nitrogenous air pollutants on changes in protein spectra with the onset of winter in the leaves and shoots of the bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.). | electrophoretic profiles of 0.1 m tris-hcl (ph 9.0)-soluble proteins in the leaves and stems of the bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) were investigated in the latter part of the growing season (july-october), in a highly-polluted industrial area with serious forest damage (main emissions no(2), so(2), nh(3), urea and fertilizer dust) in oulu, northern finland, and in an unpolluted control forest with the same climatic and edaphic conditions. about ten protein components in the leaves and seven i ... | 1990 | 15092241 |
| exclusion of birds from bilberry stands: impact on insect larval density and damage to the bilberry. | the bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), is the dominant plant in the field layer of many boreal forests in northern sweden. it is utilized by several herbivorous insect larvae as food (i.e. lepidoptera: geometridae, tortricidae and hymenoptera: symphyta). total density of insect larvae was 63% lower where birds had access to larvae compared to exclosures. larvae with a feeding behaviour which exposes them to birds (geometrids and sawflies) showed a pronounced reduction in density when exposed to ... | 1989 | 28312824 |
| ecophysiological studies on the shrub vaccinium myrtillus l. taken from a wide altitudinal range. | observations have been made on the gas exchange and morphology of vaccinium myrtillus taken from altitudes of 200 m, 610 m and 1,100 m along an altitudinal gradient in central scotland. under saturating irradiance, optimum temperatures and a range of vapour pressure deficits, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with the altitude of origin of the populations. correlated with these increases was an increase in the adaxial stomatal density with altitude. this response to altitude ... | 1986 | 28311503 |
| [contents of manganese and vitamin c in the fruits of bilberriers and red berries (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and red berries (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) growing in highly industrialized areas]. | | 1978 | 694360 |
| [phytochemical investigation of leaves and fruits of vaccinium myrtillus (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4779644 |
| antioxidant properties of prepared blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus) extracts. | a blueberry extract (a) and two anthocyanin-derived extracts (b and c) were prepared. the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and anthocyanin-derived pigments of the extracts were determined for the first time. the pigment profile of blueberry extract a corresponded to 15 anthocyanins, whereas extract b was mainly composed of anthocyanin-pyruvic acid adducts of the blueberry original anthocyanins and extract c was mainly composed of the respective vinylpyranoanthocyanin-catechins ... | 2005 | 16104817 |
| anthocyanosides of vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) for night vision--a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials. | | 2007 | 15530951 |
| growth and reproduction of the alpine grasshopper miramella alpina feeding on co2-enriched dwarf shrubs at treeline. | the consequences for plant-insect interactions of atmospheric changes in alpine ecosystems are not well understood. here, we tested the effects of elevated co(2) on leaf quality in two dwarf shrub species (vaccinium myrtillus and v. uliginosum) and the response of the alpine grasshopper (miramella alpina) feeding on these plants in a field experiment at the alpine treeline (2,180 m a.s.l.) in davos, switzerland. relative growth rates (rgr) of m. alpina nymphs were lower when they were feeding on ... | 2005 | 15480804 |
| influence of clonal growth on selfing rate in vaccinium myrtillus l. | clonal growth, which allows the multiplication of flowering shoots of the same genet, can lead to a large floral display and may thus increase the rate of selfing through geitonogamy as a consequence of an increase in the number of successively visited flowers. the aim of the present research was to analyse the combined effect of the diversity and intermingling of clones on the rate of selfing in vaccinium myrtillus. four mother plants were selected within patches characterised by contrasting cl ... | 2008 | 18761502 |