| distribution and ecology of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) bacterial symbionts. | bacterial populations in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) collected in diverse california environments consisted of two bacterial symbionts: bfo-1 and bfo-2 (b = bacteria, fo = frankliniella occidentalis, numbers reflect different types). dual infections of bfo-1 and bfo-2 were found in 50% of the thrips, 18% had neither bacterium, and 24 and 8% were infected solely with bfo-1 and bfo-2, respectively. no other bacteria consistently infected f. occidentalis. dual in ... | 2009 | 19689885 |
| intra-guild vs extra-guild prey: effect on predator fitness and preference of amblyseius swirskii (athias-henriot) and neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) (acari: phytoseiidae). | the relationships between the predatory mites, amblyseius swirskii (athias-henriot) and neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) (acari: phytoseiidae), and their prey, western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), were investigated to determine the effects of predation on intra-guild or extra-guild prey and predator preference. life history characteristics of both predatory mites were measured when fed eggs and larvae of the other predator species and compared to ... | 2010 | 19419591 |
| carbamates synergize the toxicity of acrinathrin in resistant western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the insecticidal efficacy of mixtures of acrinathrin (pyrethroid) with carbamate fungicides (propamocarb, carbendazim, iprovalicarb, and diethofencarb) and insecticides (carbaryl, thiodicarb, pirimicarb, and oxamyl) was studied in a field strain of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). the fungicide propamocarb and the insecticides pirimicarb and oxamyl were selected for further studies of their synergism action with more detailed bioassays. the method consisted of combining increasing concentr ... | 2009 | 19253660 |
| nmr metabolomics of thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) resistance in senecio hybrids. | western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. little is known about host plant resistance to thrips. in this study, we investigated thrips resistance in f (2) hybrids of senecio jacobaea and senecio aquaticus. we identified thrips-resistant hybrids applying three different bioassays. subsequently, we compared the metabolomic profiles of these hybrids applying nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr). the ne ... | 2009 | 19169751 |
| [thermal requirements and estimate of the annual number of generations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) on strawberry crop]. | frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is one of the major strawberry pests in southern brazil. the insect causes russeting and wither in flowers and fruits reducing commercial value. in this work, the thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae and pupae of f. occidentalis were estimated. thrips development was studied in folioles of strawberry plants at six constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 degrees c) in controlled conditions (70 +/- 10% r.h. and 12:12 l:d). the number of annual gen ... | 2017 | 19169551 |
| low temperature phosphine fumigation for postharvest control of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberry. | u.s. exported lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberries often harbor western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a quarantined pest in taiwan, and therefore require quarantine treatment. fumigation with diluted pure phosphine at a low temperature of 2 degrees c was studied to control western flower thrips and to determine effects on the quality of the treated products. total thrips control was achieved in > or = 18-h fumigation treatments with > o ... | 2008 | 19133457 |
| insecticide resistance management strategies against the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. | western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an economically important pest of a wide range of crops grown throughout the world. insecticide resistance has been documented in many populations of wft. biological and behavioural characteristics and pest management practices that promote insecticide resistance are discussed. in addition, an overview is provided of the development of insecticide resistance in f. occidentalis populations and the resistance mechanisms involve ... | 2008 | 18561150 |
| lack of fitness costs of insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the fitness costs of spinosad and acrinathrin resistance was investigated in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). fitness studies were conducted on susceptible and resistant strains of f. occidentalis. resistant females were significantly more fecund (number of eggs per female) than susceptible females. the hatching rate (fertility) for both susceptible and acrinathrin-resistant strains was significantly lower than in the spinosad-resistant ... | 2008 | 18459417 |
| inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an economically important pest. the genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in wft. | 2008 | 18213614 |
| function of jasmonate in response and tolerance of arabidopsis to thrip feeding. | we analyzed the interaction between arabidopsis and western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), which are one of the most serious insect pests of cultivated plants. we focused on the function of the immunity-related plant hormones jasmonate (ja), ethylene (et) and salicylic acid (sa) in the plant's response to thrip feeding. expression of the marker genes for each hormone response was induced by thrip feeding in wild-type (wt) plants. further analyses in the hormone-related mutants coi1- ... | 2008 | 18045812 |
| ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes. | ethyl formate (ef) in combination with co2 was tested for control of arthropods commonly infesting california table grapes. in addition, table grape tolerance to ef exposure was evaluated. lc99 estimates were developed for target pests by using a range of ef concentrations (0.04-4.7% ef). response to treatments varied greatly between species, as well as life stages within species. western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and adult and crawler stages of grape mealybug, pseudo ... | 2007 | 17849855 |
| effectiveness of insecticide-treated and non-treated trap plants for the management of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) in greenhouse ornamentals. | the effectiveness of trap cropping as an integrated control strategy against western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), was explored in potted chrysanthemum, dendranthema grandiflora (tzvelev), greenhouse crops. the efficacy of flowering chrysanthemum trap plants, either treated with the insecticide spinosad or untreated, to regulate f. occidentalis populations was tested at different spatial scales (small cage, large cage and commercial greenhouse) a ... | 2007 | 17659537 |
| genetics of spinosad resistance in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the genetic basis of spinosad resistance was investigated in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). the resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for spinosad resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in almeria (southeastern spain), showed a very high resistance to spinosad (356,547-fold based on lc50 values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible th ... | 2007 | 17598556 |
| ultralow oxygen treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips on broccoli. | laboratory studies were conducted to develop ultralow oxygen (ulo) treatment for controlling western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), on broccoli at a low temperature of 1 degree c. complete control was achieved in 5 d at 0.003% oxygen. oxygen level affected efficacy of ulo treatment. at a higher oxygen level of 0.03%, 6-d treatment killed -85% of thrips, and 10-d treatment killed all thrips. the 5-d ulo treatment with 0.003% oxygen was successfully ... | 2007 | 17598530 |
| temperature-mediated relationship between western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and chrysanthemum. | modeling the effect of temperature on the sustainability of insect-plant interactions requires assessment of both insect and plant performance. we examined the effect of temperature on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), a generalist herbivore with a high reproductive rate, and chrysanthemum inflorescences, a high quality but relatively fixed, ephemeral resource for thrips population growth. we hypothesized that different thrips versus plant responses to temperature res ... | 2007 | 17445384 |
| identification of the cuticular lipid composition of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis effectively resists many insecticides, but it can be controlled by the use of bioinsecticides such as entomopathogenic fungi. the epicuticular chemistry of these insects is therefore of great interest, and accordingly, the cuticular lipid composition of f. occidentalis was analysed. it was found that the cuticular lipids of both the adult and larval stages of f. occidentalis consist of two groups of compounds--hydrocarbons and free fatty acids ... | 2007 | 17337349 |
| synergism studies with binary mixtures of pyrethroid, carbamate and organophosphate insecticides on frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). | the major mechanism of resistance to most insecticides in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is metabolic, piperonyl butoxide (pbo) suppressible, mediated by cytochrome-p450 monooxygenases and conferring cross-resistance among insecticide classes. the efficacy of insecticide mixtures of acrinathrin, methiocarb, formetanate and chlorpyrifos was studied by topical exposure in strains of f. occidentalis selected for resistance to each insecticide. the method consisted in combining increasing con ... | 2007 | 17173346 |
| the use of floral homeotic mutants as a novel way to obtain durable resistance to insect pests. | we have developed a novel strategy for the introduction of durable insect resistance in crops. this strategy was based on intervention in the natural relationship between plants and insects. for many insects, including pests such as thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), the flower is an important factor in their life cycle, serving either as a food source or as a place for mating. the insects are attracted to the flower by scent, which is mainly produced by the petals, and by the bright colour of ... | 2003 | 17147749 |
| population dynamics of thrips prey and their mite predators in a refuge. | prey refuges are expected to affect population dynamics, but direct experimental tests of this hypothesis are scarce. larvae of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis use the web produced by spider mites as a refuge from predation by the predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris. thrips incur a cost of using the refuge through reduced food quality within the web due to spider mite herbivory, resulting in a reduction of thrips developmental rate. these individual costs and benefits of refuge ... | 2007 | 16964498 |
| pheromone-induced priming of a defensive response in western flower thrips. | the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis produces conspicuous anal droplets that function as a direct defense against various predators. these droplets also function in pheromonal communication in that they contain a mixture of decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, which acts as an alarm. exposure of thrips to synthetic pheromone is known to promote takeoff or refuge seeking, but the effect of the natural pheromone has not yet been studied. here, we not only studied the response to natu ... | 2006 | 16710769 |
| starvation period and age affect the response of female frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) to odor and visual cues. | the effects of starvation or age on the walking or flying response of female frankliniella occidentalis to visual and/or odor cues in two types of olfactometer were examined in the laboratory. the response of walking thrips starved for 0, 1, 4, or 24h to an odor cue (1microl of 10% p-anisaldehyde) was examined in a y-tube olfactometer. the take-off and landing response of thrips (unknown age) starved for 0, 1, 4, 24, 48 or 72h, or of thrips of different ages (2-3 days or 10-13 days post-adult em ... | 2006 | 16707136 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) as influenced by frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) developmental stage and host plant stage. | entomopathogenic nematodes were investigated as an alternative biological control strategy for western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), in ornamental greenhouse crops, by using potted chrysanthemum as a model crop. the susceptibility of various life stages of f. occidentalis to different concentrations of the nematode steinernema feltiae (filipjev) (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was investigated in petri dish bioassays. this was followed with trials ... | 2005 | 16334313 |
| differences in effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on five generalist insect herbivore species. | the evolution of the diversity in plant secondary compounds is often thought to be driven by insect herbivores, although there is little empirical evidence for this assumption. to investigate whether generalist insect herbivores could play a role in the evolution of the diversity of related compounds, we examined if (1) related compounds differ in their effects on generalists, (2) there is a synergistic effect among compounds, and (3) effects of related compounds differed among insect species. t ... | 2005 | 16222788 |
| application of the electronic nose to the classification of resistance to western flower thrips in chrysanthemums. | a metal oxide sensor-based electronic nose was tested for its ability to discriminate among chrysanthemum cultivars with varying degrees of resistance to western flower thrips (wft), based on volatile chemicals released from cut leaves. cultivars that were susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to wft [based on mean cultivar rank (mcr)] were used as standards, and were correctly classified (> 90%) by using discriminant function analysis. several cultivars with unknown resistance were classified ... | 2005 | 16195853 |
| metabolic mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). | the interactions between six insecticides (methiocarb, formetanate, acrinathrin, deltamethrin, methamidophos and endosulfan) and three potential synergists (piperonyl butoxide (pbo), s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (def) and diethyl maleate (dem)) were studied by topical exposure in strains selected for resistance to each insecticide, and in a susceptible strain of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). in the susceptible strain pbo produced appreciable synergism only of formetanate, methioca ... | 2005 | 15912569 |
| potential of temperature, controlled atmospheres, and ozone fumigation to control thrips and mealybugs on ornamental plants for export. | ozone (o3) fumigation is a potential quarantine treatment alternative for controlling stored-product pests and surface insect pests on fresh agricultural commodities. we explored the effects of temperature, treatment time, controlled atmospheres, and vacuum in combination with o3 to control two important pests of ornamental crops: western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and longtailed mealybug, pseudococcus longispinus targioni tozzetti. treatment parameters tested were o3 ... | 2005 | 15889716 |
| composition and insect attracting activity of the essential oil of rosmarinus officinalis. | the essential oil and a number of extracts of rosmarinus officinalis l. in solvents of increasing polarity were isolated, and their components identified and tested as pest control agents. ethanol and acetone extracts attract grape berry moth lobesia botrana. however, none of the extracts had a significant effect on western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, which is attracted by 1,8-cineole, a major essential oil component. | 2005 | 15839484 |
| evidence for an isobutylamide associated with host-plant resistance to western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, in chrysanthemum. | bioassay-directed fractionation of extracts of chrysanthemum leaves using a choice test permitted isolation of a fraction that exhibited repellent activity against the western flower thrips (wft). analysis of this fraction from cultivars exhibiting varying degrees of host-plant resistance to wft by high performance liquid chromatography revealed a distinctive peak, the height of which correlated with the degree of resistance of those cultivars to wft. the peak was attributed to a novel unsaturat ... | 2005 | 15839483 |
| dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii (zimmermann) viégas (hyphomycetales: moniliaceae) in a population of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande, 1895) (thysanoptera: thripidae). | tests were carried out to investigate the dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii (zimmermann) viégas in a population of frankliniella occidentalis. the tested factors, which influence the efficacy of the fungus against the pest insect, have been the population density of the thrips at the application moment as well as the temperature. the population density influenced the dissemination of the fungal spores in the population. the higher the density has been, the higher ... | 2004 | 15759413 |
| effectiveness of imidacloprid (proagro 100 sl) in the control of glasshouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) and western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) on tomato under cover. | in 2002 a glasshouse experiments were carried out on the effectiveness of proagro 100 sl in the control of glasshouse whitefly and western flower thrips on tomato cv. perkoz. strict observation of the basic prophylactic rules such as introducing in to glasshouse only healthy seedlings, uninfected by whitefly and thrips as well as isolation of tomato plants, especially the seedlings from ornamental plants are important to the limit of the pest population. during the vegetation period the populati ... | 2004 | 15759404 |
| combining plant- and soil-dwelling predatory mites to optimise biological control of thrips. | the efficiency of a natural enemy combination compared to a single species release for the control of western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) on cucumber plants was investigated. since a large part of f occidentalis seems to enter the soil passage, a joint release of the plant-inhabiting predatory mite amblyseius cucumeris (oudemans) that feeds on thrips first-instar larvae and the soil-dwelling predatory mite hypoaspis aculeifer (canestrini) that preys on thrips pupae ... | 2004 | 15651523 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of cathepsin l-like cysteine protease cdnas from western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). | cysteine proteases are predominant in thrips guts (tgs) and, therefore, a suitable target for selecting effective protease inhibitors against western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). we report the isolation of four full-length cysteine protease cdna clones from thrips in a two-step pcr approach with degenerate oligonucleotides designed on conserved cathepsin l domains. at the deduced amino acid level, the clones possessed all functional and structural characteristics of cathepsin l, a ... | 2004 | 15364289 |
| evidence for a male-produced sex pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | olfactometer bioassays of walking adult western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) showed that virgin females (1- to 3-d postemergence) were attracted to the odor of 25 adult males, but not to the odor of 25 adult females, providing behavioral evidence for a male-produced sex pheromone in this species. in contrast to earlier findings, mixed-age adult males were attracted to the odor of adult males. gc analysis of odors collected on spme fibers revealed ... | 2004 | 15074664 |
| analysis of anal droplets of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | larvae of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis are known to produce an anal droplet containing decyl acetate (10ac) and dodecyl acetate (12ac), which act as an alarm pheromone. analysis by gc showed that the combined mass of 10ac and 12ac per droplet increased with age of second instars from 2 ng to 18 ng, while the mass ratio of 10ac:12ac increased from 0.4:1 to 1.1:1 (molar ratio 0.4:1 to 1.2:1). droplet volume increased from 0.4 nl to 2.1 nl with age, but only about 1% of this ... | 2003 | 14682520 |
| isobutylamides of unsaturated fatty acids from chrysanthemum morifolium associated with host-plant resistance against the western flower thrips. | three unsaturated fatty acid isobutylamides, n-isobutyl-2e,4e,10e,12z-tetradecatetraen-8-ynamide (1, new), n-isobutyl-2e,4e,12z-tetradecatrien-8,10-diynamide (2), and n-isobutyl-2e,4e,12e-tetradecatrien-8,10-diynamide (3), were isolated from the leaves and flowers of chrysanthemum morifolium. the structure of 1 was determined by spectral data interpretation. the concentration of 1 in chrysanthemum varieties was previously positively correlated with host-plant resistance against the western flowe ... | 2003 | 14510603 |
| spore adhesion of entomopathogenic fungi to larvae of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande, 1895)-(thysanoptera: thripidae). | the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii proves to be very promising in controlling the population of western flower thrips. special investigations have been carried out to clear up the mechanisms of spore-adhesion at the insects with fluorescence-microscopy. after direct soil applications we have found a lot of spores/larva while applying low spore-concentrations. the loading with spores after indirect applications was very high as well. the addition of oils to the suspension enhanced t ... | 2002 | 12696427 |
| population dynamics of frankliniella spp. and tomato spotted wilt incidence as influenced by cultural management tactics in tomato. | we investigated the effects of ultraviolet (uv)-reflective mulch and two rates of nitrogen fertilization on populations of frankliniella spp. thrips and on the incidence of tomato spotted wilt in field-grown tomato in northern florida. the higher of the two soil nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly increased populations of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), whereas mulch reflectance significantly decreased populations of f. occidentalis. populations of frankliniella tritici (fitch) w ... | 2002 | 12539834 |
| biology of thripinema nicklewoodi (tylenchida), an obligate frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera) parasite. | frankliniella occidentalis, a serious pest of agricultural crops, is difficult to manage because chemical and biological control measures frequently fail to affect f. occidentalis in their preferred microhabitats. parasitism by the host-specific, entomopathogenic nematode thripinema nicklewoodi may provide a much-needed alternative to current control strategies. infection does not cause death of the host; rather, the result is sterilization that leads to suppression of f. occidentalis population ... | 2002 | 19265952 |
| the development of spinosad for the control of frankliniella occidentalis in protected ornamentals. | fifteen trials were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of spinosad for the control of frankliniella occidentalis on a range of glasshouse ornamentals. a range of dose rates were tested from 6-15 g as hl-1. a high level of control (> 90%) was achieved at most assessments of both nymphs and adults with a comparatively flat dose response recorded. rates of 9 g as hl-1 and above provided improved consistency of control compared with the lower rate of 6 g as hl-1 across trials. no adverse effe ... | 2001 | 12425059 |
| foliar application of steinernema feltiae for the control of flower thrips. | results of a programme, continued from 2000, of weekly commercial foliar applications of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of western flower thrips, are presented. the programme was extended to include two, year-round crops of pot chrysanthemums and one crop of year-round saintpaulias. from january to may 2001, the nematodes continued to give good control, particularly by reducing numbers of female thrips. in one case, attempts were made to reduce rates of nematodes to make the techniqu ... | 2001 | 12425049 |
| high nucleotide diversity in the para-like voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene sequence in the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae). | in a search for a pyrethroid resistance diagnostic marker, a partial sequence of the para-like sodium channel gene was obtained from 78 diploid females of the arrhenotokous insect pest species frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), the western flower thrips. although all the insects analyzed came from a single laboratory population, nine different haplotypes were obtained. two haplotypes did have the well-known l to f kdr mutation, but only one of these could be statistically linked to pyrethroi ... | 2002 | 12216829 |
| predatory mites avoid ovipositing near counterattacking prey. | attacking prey is not without risk; predators may endure counterattack by the prey. here, we study the oviposition behaviour of a predatory mite (iphiseius degenerans) in relation to its prey, the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis). this thrips is capable of killing the eggs of the predator. thrips and predatory mites - apart from feeding on each other - can also feed and reproduce on a diet of pollen. because thrips may aggregate at pollen patches, such patches may be risky for ... | 2001 | 12171271 |
| public tolerance to defoliation and flower distortion in a public horticulture garden. | surveys of visitor and grower perception of live potted plant quality were conducted in various locations in a large public display garden. canna lily, canna x generalis l.h.bailey, was used to examine effects of defoliation by japanese beetle, popillia japonica newman, on public perception. chrysanthemums, chrysanthemum x morifolium ramat., were used to identify visitor and grower tolerance to flower distortion caused by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), on single an ... | 2002 | 12020012 |
| the benefits of clustering eggs: the role of egg predation and larval cannibalism in a predatory mite. | many arthropods produce clusters of eggs, but an unambiguous explanation for the evolution of egg clustering is still lacking. we test several hypotheses for the production of egg clusters by the predatory mite iphiseius degenerans. this predator feeds on pollen, thrips larvae and nectar in flowers, but oviposits in clusters in tufts of leaf hairs (acarodomatia), where eggs run a lower risk of being killed by thrips, the prey of this predatory mite. the observed clustering is not caused by a sho ... | 2002 | 28547506 |
| enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide. | the fumigant toxicity of the essential oil component p-cymene was assessed against western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. f occidentalis adult females, first- and second-instar larvae and eggs were exposed for 2, 24 and 48 h to combinations of three p-cymene doses and two carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 10%). additional experiments were conducted on f occidentalis adult females with lower carbon dioxide levels (ambient, 2%, 4%, 6%) applied in combination with p-cymene. combined appli ... | 2002 | 11852641 |
| pest response in packed table grapes to low temperature storage combined with slow-release sulfur dioxide pads in basic and large-scale tests. | the effect of low temperature storage combined with slow release sulfur dioxide pads was determined in basic laboratory and large-scale commercial tests on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande; grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn); pacific spider mite, tetranychus pacificus mcgregor; twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch; and omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walshingham. temperatures within the foam containers among the packed clusters decrea ... | 2001 | 11561862 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of dispersal of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards in british columbia. | thrips were sampled from six nectarine orchards in the dry central interior, british columbia, canada, between april and june 1993 using yellow sticky cards on posts spaced around the perimeter of each orchard. although 12 identified species of thrips were captured, >90% of individuals were the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). the flight patterns and abundances of western flower thrips were compared between orchards located in two differently oriented valleys (n-s an ... | 2001 | 11561840 |
| economic injury levels for western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on greenhouse cucumber. | low, medium and high densities of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), were established in three greenhouses at the greenhouse and processing crops research centre, ontario, canada, in 1996 and 1998 to develop economic injury levels for thrips on greenhouse cucumber. thrips densities were monitored weekly using yellow sticky traps and flower counts. fruit was harvested twice a week, graded for size, weighed, and rated for thrips damage using three damage categories. sign ... | 2000 | 11142306 |
| trichomes and spider-mite webbing protect predatory mite eggs from intraguild predation. | predaceous arthropods are frequently more abundant on plants with leaves that are pubescent or bear domatia than on plants with glabrous leaves. we explored the hypothesis that for some predatory mites this is because pubescence affords protection from intraguild predation. in laboratory experiments, we tested whether apple leaf pubescence protected typhlodromus pyri eggs from predation by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. to investigate the effect of pubescence further, we adde ... | 2000 | 28547338 |
| diet of a polyphagous arthropod predator affects refuge seeking of its thrips prey. | antipredator behaviour of prey costs time and energy, at the expense of other activities. however, not all predators are equally dangerous to all prey; some may have switched to feeding on another prey species, making them effectively harmless. to minimize costs, prey should therefore invest in antipredator behaviour only when dangerous predators are around. to distinguish these from harmless predators, prey may use cues related to predation on conspecifics, such as odours released by a predator ... | 2000 | 11007646 |
| damage to nectarines by the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in the interior of british columbia, canada. | the phenology of damage by the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), on nectarines was investigated using sticky cards and direct sampling of buds between 1993 and 1995 in the interior of british columbia, the most susceptible period for damage by western flower thrips to nectarines. the life stage responsible for damage and variation in susceptibility to damage of 11 different nectarine varieties were determined. to evaluate the predictive ability of 2 sampling methods, ... | 2000 | 10985032 |
| evaluation of sampling methodology for determining the phenology, relative density, and dispersion of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), cause serious economic damage to nectarines in the okanagan and similkameen valleys, british columbia, canada. we evaluated several sampling methods for western flower thrips for their precision and ability to predict general population trends. beating of branches, flicking of buds, and visual estimation methods were not accurate for estimating numbers of thrips in nectarine buds. thrips caught on sticky cards indicated general popula ... | 2000 | 10826205 |
| mechanisms associated with methiocarb resistance in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | biochemical mechanisms associated with methiocarb resistance were examined in laboratory-selected and field populations of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). seven populations were examined and they differed in their susceptibility to methiocarb by 30 times. including the synergists piperonyl butoxide, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase inhibitor, or s,s,s-tributylphosphorotrithioate, an esterase inhibitor, in the methiocarb bioassays partially suppressed resistance ... | 2000 | 10826201 |
| population dynamics of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in nectarine orchards in british columbia. | development of a control strategy for thrips attacking nectarine trees depends on an understanding of their phenology, distribution, and life history as related to characteristics of nectarine orchards. to this end, we compared the overwintering behavior, distribution, and abundance of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), among 11 nectarine orchards located in the dry central interior of british columbia, canada, during 1993 and 1994. western flower thrips emerged from a ... | 2000 | 10826171 |
| neozygites parvispora (zygomycotina: entomophthorales) causing an epizootic in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) on cucumber in spain | the first appearance in spain of a thrips entomopathogenic fungus, neozygites parvispora, is described. a greenhouse cucumber crop was monitored weekly from may to august 1996 for thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and their natural enemies. one fungicidal treatment was made during the growing season. no insecticides were applied. an epizootic in the thrips population due to n. parvispora lasted from the seventh week after transplanting until the crop was terminated, reaching a mean of 6.46 inf ... | 1998 | 9500949 |
| rapid cold hardening in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | a rapid cold hardening process is reported in first instar larvae of frankliniella occidentalis. when larvae are transferred directly from 20 degrees c to -11.5 degrees c for 2h there is 78% mortality, whereas exposure to 0 degrees c for 4h prior to transfer to -11.5 degrees c reduces mortality to 10%. the response can also be induced by exposure to 5 degrees c for 4h or by gradual cooling at rates between 0.1 and 0.5 degrees c min(-1.) the acquired cold tolerance is transient and is rapidly los ... | 1997 | 12770454 |
| odour-mediated responses of phytophagous mites to conspecific and heterospecific competitors. | plants under herbivore attack produce volatiles, thus attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. however, in doing so, the plant becomes more conspicuous to other herbivores. herbivores may use the odours as a cue to refrain from visiting plants that are already infested, thereby avoiding competition for food, or, alternatively, to visit plants with defences weakened by earlier attacks. we investigated the response of one species of herbivore (the spider mite tetranychus urticae) to odours em ... | 1997 | 28307422 |
| the role of primary and secondary metabolites in chrysanthemum resistance tofrankliniella occidentalis. | the presence of deleterious secondary metabolites to western flower thrips (wft) (frankliniella occidentalis pergande) in several chrysanthemum (dendranthema grandiflora tzvelev) cultivars was tested. wft performance on leaf sap mixed with artificial diet was compared to wft performance on a control of artificial diet mixed with water. leaf sap of six of 10 chrysanthemum cultivars tested had a significant negative effect on wft performance and therefore contained deleterious secondary metabolite ... | 1996 | 24227211 |
| identification and bioactivity of alarm pheromone in the western flower thrips,frankliniella occidentalis. | analysis by gas chromatography (gc) and gc-mass spectroscopy disclosed that droplets of anal fluid produced by second-instar western flower thrips,frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), contain a two-component alarm pheromone, comprised of decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate, in a molar ratio of approximately 1.5∶1. both nymphs and adults responded to the pheromone by walking away from the source. the synthetic pheromone was active at a concentration of 1.0 ng, and the pr ... | 1993 | 24249010 |