| vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization of freeze dryers. | the feasibility of using vapor hydrogen peroxide (vhp) as an alternative to steam sterilization has been examined using a pilot plant freeze dryer equipped with a prototype vapor generator. specific objectives of the study discussed in this presentation were to: 1. identify critical process variables affecting the lethality of vhp to bacillus stearothermophilus spores, particularly within dead legs in the system. 2. measure the efficacy of system degassing after sterilization. 3. determine the e ... | 1992 | 1474433 |
| design of a specific phenyllactate dehydrogenase by peptide loop exchange on the bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase framework. | restriction sites were introduced into the gene for bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase which enabled a region of the gene to be excised which coded for a mobile surface loop of polypeptide (residues 98-110) which normally seals the active site vacuole from bulk solvent and is a major determinant of substrate specificity. oligonucleotide-overlap extension (using the polymerase chain reaction) was used to obtain double-stranded dna regions which coded for different length and sequen ... | 1992 | 1324721 |
| enzymatic synthesis of paps with an atp-regeneration system. | sulfate activating enzymes, atp sulfurylase and aps kinase, were newly isolated from a thermophile, bacillus stearothermophilus. adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (paps) was synthesized by these enzymes. the reaction proceeded more efficiently when an atp-regeneration system, using acetate kinase, was coupled to the reaction system. | 1992 | 1337784 |
| physiological and energetic aspects of bacterial metabolite overproduction. | this review attempts to provide a rational explanation for microbial metabolite over-production, a phenomenon manifest with many wild-type and mutant organisms. after analysing the relationships between catabolic and anabolic processes within the growing cell (which point to the presence of sufficient kinetic control elements to ensure a stringent coupling between the two), consideration is given to mechanisms that might allow the rate of catabolism to be varied independently of the rate of anab ... | 1992 | 1478453 |
| assay of gamma-glutamyltransferase with amino acid dehydrogenases from bacillus stearothermophilus as auxiliary enzymes. | a spectrophotometric assay for serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-gt, ec 2.3.2.2) based on the increasing absorbance at 340 nm due to nadh formation is described. using gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as the donor substrate, amino acids formed by the gamma-glutamyl transfer from the donor substrate to the acceptor substrate glycylglycine are stoichiometrically converted by the corresponding amino acid dehydrogenases from bacillus stearothermophilus to produce their keto acids and nadh. gamma-gluta ... | 1992 | 1350523 |
| biochemical activities of bacillus species isolated from flat sour evaporated milk. | forty strains of bacilli were isolated from flat sour evaporated milk and were characterized as bacillus stearothermophilus (5 strains), bacillus licheniformis (10 strains), bacillus coagulans (15 strains), bacillus macerans (5 strains), and bacillus subtilis (5 strains). the hydrolases of these strains were examined with the api zym system, and the ability of these strains to produce acid in milk incubated at different temperatures was also examined. esterase, esterase lipase, lipase, valine am ... | 1992 | 1430475 |
| characterization and functional expression in escherichia coli of the sodium/proton/glutamate symport proteins of bacillus stearothermophilus and bacillus caldotenax. | the genes encoding the na+/h+/l-glutamate symport proteins of the thermophilic organisms bacillus stearothermophilus (glttbs) and bacillus caldotenax (glttbc) were cloned by complementation of escherichia coli jc5412 for growth on glutamate as sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. the nucleotide sequences of the glttbs and glttbc genes were determined. in both cases the translated sequences corresponded with proteins of 421 amino acid residues (96.7% amino acid identity between glttbs and ... | 1992 | 1359385 |
| the influence of chaperonins on protein folding. a mechanism for increasing the yield of the native form. | | 1992 | 1362048 |
| plasmid maintenance in bacillus stearothermophilus is strain-dependent. | we studied the segregational stability of plasmids based on ptb913, a 4.5-kb rolling-circle plasmid derived from the thermophilic bacillus plasmid ptb19. in bacillus stearothermophilus the stability of ptb913 derivatives appeared to be strain-dependent. in strain cu21 large amounts of single-stranded ptb913 dna were found and the plasmid was highly unstable at 57 degrees c. in strain nub3621, however, very low amounts of single-stranded plasmid dna were formed and ptb913-based replicons were onl ... | 1992 | 1499984 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the bacillus stearothermophilus nca 1503 superoxide dismutase gene and its overexpression in escherichia coli. | the gene (sod) encoding bacillus stearothermophilus mn-superoxide dismutase (mnsod) has been cloned in escherichia coli and its entire nucleotide sequence determined. with the exception of the post-translationally cleaved n-terminal methionine residue, the predicted amino acid sequence exhibits complete identity to the previously determined amino acid sequence. the recombinant mnsod was shown to be functionally active in e. coli both in vitro and in vivo, and was expressed to 49% of the soluble ... | 1991 | 1367808 |
| physiology and performance of thermophilic microorganisms in sewage sludge treatment processes. | | 1990 | 1368146 |
| bacillus stearothermophilus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a source of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. | the more potent inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) was excised from a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) preparation of bacillus stearothermophilus by heating at 120 degrees c in 1 m acoh-20 mm hcl, as compared with gapdh preparations of yeast and pig. sufficient excision of b. stearothermophilus ace inhibitors required a longer proteolysis time of 60 min. two inhibitors were then purified by gel-permeation and reverse-phase chromatographies. one of the ... | 1990 | 1368612 |
| terminal sterilization of perfluorocarbon (pfc) emulsions: difficulties and possible solutions. | | 1992 | 1391523 |
| leucine dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus: identification of active-site lysine by modification with pyridoxal phosphate. | we have constructed an efficient expression plasmid for the leucine dehydrogenase gene previously cloned from bacillus stearothermophilus. the recombinant enzyme was overproduced in escherichia coli cells to a level of more than 30% of the total soluble protein upon induction with isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. the enzyme could be readily purified to homogeneity by heat treatment and a single step of ion-exchange chromatography. the purified enzyme was inactivated in a time-dependent ma ... | 1992 | 1400267 |
| the nucleotide sequences of bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal protein s12 and s7 genes: comparison with the str operon of escherichia coli. | the primary structure of the ribosomal protein s7 from bacillus stearothermophilus (bsts7) was analyzed by a combination of amino acid and dna sequence analysis. peptide sequence information was derived from tryptic peptides of bsts7 by manual edman degradation. the nucleotide sequence of the 1.5-kb sali fragment from b. stearothermophilus genome, cloned by the escherichia coli s12 gene (rpsl) as a hybridization probe, was determined. comparison of deduced amino acid sequence with the correspond ... | 1991 | 1368664 |
| role of residue glu152 in the discrimination between transfer rnas by tyrosyl-trna synthetase from bacillus stearothermophilus. | residue glu152 of tyrosyl-trna synthetase (tyrts) from bacillus stearothermophilus is close to phosphate groups 73 and 74 of trnatyr in the structural model of their complex. tyrts(e152a), a mutant synthetase carrying the change of glu152 to ala, was toxic when overproduced in escherichia coli. the toxicity strongly increased with the growth temperature. it was measured by the ratios of the efficiencies with which the producing cells plated in induced or repressed conditions and at 30 degrees c ... | 1992 | 1542120 |
| purification of serine hydroxymethyltransferase from bacillus stearothermophilus with ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. | the gene of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (shmt) of a thermophilic bacterium bacillus stearothermophilus was expressed in escherichia coli, and shmt was successfully purified from the crude extract of e. coli in two steps while maintaining the enzymatic activity. the purification steps involved ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic separation using the anion-exchange column fractogel emd deae-650(s). in addition to the deae column, three other type ... | 1992 | 1400837 |
| acceptor specificity of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from bacillus stearothermophilus and synthesis of alpha-d-glucosyl o-beta-d-galactosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-glucoside. | bacillus stearothermophilus cgtase had a wider acceptor specificity than bacillus macerans cgtase did and produced large amounts of transfer products of various acceptors such as d-galactose, d-mannose, d-fructose, d- and l-arabinose, d- and l-fucose, l-rhamnose, d-glucosamine, and lactose, which were inefficient acceptors for b. macerans cgtase. the main component of the smallest transfer products of lactose was assumed to be alpha-d-glucosyl o-beta-d-galactosyl-(1----4)-beta-d-glucoside. | 1992 | 1368942 |
| studies on thermophile products. iv. structural elucidation of cytotoxic substance, bs-1, derived from bacillus stearothermophilus. | a new cytotoxic substance designated as bs-1 was isolated from the autolysate and culture filtrate of bacillus stearothermophilus uk563. on the basis of spectral data, the structure of bs-1 was determined as bis(2-hydroxyethyl) trisulfide and confirmed by direct comparison with the synthetic compound. bs-1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against leukemia p388-d1, leukemia p388, mastocytoma p815, lymphoma el4 and lymphoma molt4. | 1992 | 1423783 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from bacillus stearothermophilus. | as part of a programme investigating the molecular basis of thermal stability in proteins we have isolated and characterized the thermally stable 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) from bacillus stearothermophilus nca 1503. the b. stearothermophilus pgk has been crystallized in a form suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis. crystals which diffract to greater than 1.8 a resolution have been grown in the presence of the nucleotide substrate, mgatp, using polyethylene glycol (peg 600) as a precipitan ... | 1992 | 1433299 |
| zinc, a novel structural element found in the family of bacterial adenylate kinases. | the adk gene from bacillus stearothermophilus was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. the primary structure of b. stearothermophilus adenylate kinase exhibited 76% identity with the enzyme from bacillus subtilis, 60% identity with the enzyme from lactococcus lactis, and 42% identity with the enzyme from e. coli. the most striking property of the adenylate kinase from b. stearothermophilus is the presence of a structural zinc atom bound to four cyst ... | 1992 | 1554691 |
| molecular cloning of a subtilisin j gene from bacillus stearothermophilus and its expression in bacillus subtilis. | the structural gene for a subtilisin j from bacillus stearothermophilus ncimb10278 was cloned in bacillus subtilis using pz124 as a vector, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the nucleotide sequence revealed only one large open reading frame, composed of 1,143 base pairs and 381 amino acid residues. a shine-dalgarno sequence was found 8 bp upstream from the translation start site (gtg). the deduced amino acid sequence revealed an n-terminal signal peptide and pro-peptide of 106 residues ... | 1992 | 1567435 |
| formycins a and b and some analogues: selective inhibitors of bacterial (escherichia coli) purine nucleoside phosphorylase. | formycin b (fb), a moderate inhibitor (ki approximately 100 microm) of mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp), and formycin a (fa), which is totally inactive vs. the mammalian enzyme, are both effective inhibitors of the bacterial (escherichia coli) enzyme (ki approximately 5 microm). examination of a series of n-methyl analogues of fa and fb led to the finding that n(6)-methyl-fa, virtually inactive vs. the mammalian enzyme, is the most potent inhibitor of e. coli purine nucleoside pho ... | 1992 | 1576149 |
| selection of a thermostable variant of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat-86). | the moderate thermophile bacillus stearothermophilus was used as a host in which to detect more thermostable variants of the b.pumilus chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat-86) protein. seventeen mutants were isolated and detected by their ability to grow in the presence of chloramphenicol at a previously restrictive temperature (58 degrees c). the genes encoding these proteins were sequenced; all 17 mutants carried the same c to t transition that conferred an amino acid substitution of alanine ... | 1992 | 1438164 |
| partial reactions of bacterial d-amino acid transaminase with asparagine substituted for the lysine that binds coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. | in bacterial d-amino acid transaminase (ec 2.6.1.21) replacement of lys-145, which is covalently linked to the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the wild-type enzyme, by an asn residue gave a mutant enzyme (k145n) that slowly performed each half-reaction, as determined by spectral measurements. with the wild-type enzyme, the kinetics of these events were so rapid that pre-steady-state conditions were needed for their determination. the internal aldimine between coenzyme and lys-145 was rapidly ... | 1992 | 1445909 |
| rapid identification of viable bacterial spores using a fluorescence method. | a method has been devised to differentiate viable and nonviable bacterial spores. "germination-like" changes are initiated in spores with performic acid and lysozyme. the germinated spores are stained with aqueous acridine orange, a fluorescent dye. nonviable spores fluoresce lemon-green and viable spores orange-red. it is proposed that with the use of a membrane filter resistant to performic acid and lysozyme, the method may be used for spore enumeration in foods in about 4 hr compared to conve ... | 1992 | 1616999 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of two mutants of lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus. | bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase, one of the most thermostable bacterial enzymes known, has had its three-dimensional structure solved, the gene coding for it has been cloned, and the protein can be readily overexpressed. two mutants of the enzyme have been prepared. in one, arg171 was changed to trp (r171w) and gln102 was changed to arg (q102r). in the other, the mutation q102r was maintained, but arg171 was changed to tyr (r171y). in addition, an inadvertent c97g mutant was pr ... | 1992 | 1620698 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of dental sterilizers using biological monitors. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of steam, chemical vapor, and dry heat sterilizers, over a three-year period, in dental operatories subscribing to the university of british columbia's sterilization monitoring service. a total of 4,579 sterilizer loads were tested. the results demonstrated an overall failure rate of 4.4 per cent. individual failure rates for each type of sterilizer were: chemiclaves, 4.9 per cent; steam autoclaves, 2.3 per cent; and dry heat ovens, 7.9 per ... | 1992 | 1633580 |
| molecular cloning and structure of the gene for esterase from a thermophilic bacterium, bacillus stearothermophilus ifo 12550. | | 1992 | 1369099 |
| key residues in the allosteric transition of bacillus stearothermophilus pyruvate kinase identified by site-directed mutagenesis. | the structural gene for pyruvate kinase from bacillus stearothermophilus has been cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the open reading frame from the atg start codon to the tag stop codon is 1482 base-pairs and encodes a peptide of relative molecular mass 52,967. in the expression vector pkk223-3, containing the synthetic tac promoter, the gene is overexpressed in e. coli cells to an estimated level of 30% total soluble cell protein. a purification procedure for the overexpressed protein h ... | 1992 | 1447787 |
| [site-specific endonuclease bstm6i from bacillus stearothermophilus m6]. | a site-specific endonuclease activity was found in extract of bacillus stearothermophilus m6 isolated from molasses. the functionally pure enzyme designated as bstm6i was obtained by consecutive chromatographies on blue sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and heparin-sepharose. the endonuclease recognizes the nucleotide sequence cc decreases wgg in double-stranded dna and cleaves it as indicated by the arrow to give one-nucleotide 5'-protruding ends. consequently, the site-specific endonuclease bstm6i is ... | 1992 | 1472114 |
| analysis of mutations in cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from bacillus stearothermophilus which affect cyclization characteristics and thermostability. | cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; ec 2.4.1.19) produces cyclodextrin from starch. the cgtase molecule is composed of four globular domains, a, b, c, and d. in order to gain better understanding of the amylolytic and cyclization mechanisms of cgtase, mutant cgtases were constructed from a cgtase gene (cgt1) of bacillus stearothermophilus no2. cgt1-f191y (phe at position 191 was replaced by tyr), cgt1-f191y-f255y, cgt1-w254v-f255i, cgt1-w254v, and cgt1-f255i were constructed for the analysi ... | 1992 | 1429471 |
| introduction of sulphhydryl groups into the crystalline bacterial cell surface layer protein from bacillus stearothermophilus pv72 and its application as an immobilization matrix. | the crystalline cell surface layer (s-layer) from bacillus stearothermophilus pv72 was used as a matrix for reversible immobilization of beta-d-galactosidase via disulphide bonds. in order to obtain an immobilization matrix stable towards acid, alkali and reducing agents such as dithiothreitol (dtt), the s-layer subunits were first cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. this was done in a way whereby 75% of the free amino groups remained unmodified, and then could be completely converted into sulphhy ... | 1992 | 1369138 |
| conserved residues and secondary structure found in small cytoplasmic rnas from thirteen bacillus species. | | 1992 | 1383945 |
| effectiveness of dental office instrument sterilization procedures. | to evaluate instrument sterilization procedures in minnesota, biological indicators were used to monitor 406 sterilizers in 381 dental offices. findings suggest a general improvement in instrument performance over that of a decade ago, but sterilization failure rates are still too high. sterilizer operator errors are a major cause of sterilization failures. bis are useful in monitoring sterilization performance only when sterilization procedures are performed consistently and competently by well ... | 1991 | 1660501 |
| alteration of specific activity and stability of thermostable neutral protease by site-directed mutagenesis. | on the basis of three-dimensional information, many amino acid substitutions were introduced in the thermostable neutral protease (nprm) of bacillus stearothermophilus mk232 by site-directed mutagenesis. when glu at position 143 (glu-143), which is one of the proposed active sites, was substituted for by gln and asp, the proteolytic activity disappeared. f114a (phe-114 to ala), y110w (tyr-110 to trp), and y211w (tyr-211 to trp) mutant enzymes had higher activity (1.3- to 1.6-fold) than the wild- ... | 1992 | 1482198 |
| effectiveness of steam sterilization on the contents of sharps containers. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing effect that treatment in gravity or high-vacuum steam autoclaves had on endospores present on strips or applied to dental needles within 10 types of small sharps containers. spore strips containing bacillus stearothermophilus endospores were used, while needles were soiled with an equal number of spores or with spores mixed with blood. needles were tested capped and uncapped. strips and needles were autoclaved in empty and 3/4 filled containe ... | 1992 | 1499239 |
| a synthesis of acylphosphonic acids and of 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids: the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase on acetylphosphonic acid. | acylphosphonic acids, r-co-po(oh)2, have been synthesized by the steps [formula: see text] of which the last is new and provides a mild method for de-esterifying acylphosphonic acids. their reductive amination gives a simple way of making 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids. acetylphosphonic acid inhibited nad+ reduction by pyruvate with the pyruvate dehydrogenases from escherichia coli and bacillus stearothermophilus. the inhibition was competitive with pyruvate, with ki of 6 microm for the e. coli en ... | 1991 | 1669440 |
| primary structures of ribosomal proteins l3 and l4 from bacillus stearothermophilus. | ribosomal proteins l3 and l4 were purified to homogeneity from total protein isolated from the 50s subunit of bacillus stearothermophilus by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). amino acid sequences of both proteins were determined by automated n-terminal sequence analysis and sequencing of internal peptides. using oligonucleotides deduced from the n-terminal region of protein l3 as hybridization probes, a dna fragment coding for proteins l3, l4 and the n-terminal par ... | 1992 | 1499563 |
| the structure of ribosomal protein s5 reveals sites of interaction with 16s rrna. | understanding the process whereby the ribosome translates the genetic code into protein molecules will ultimately require high-resolution structural information, and we report here the first crystal structure of a protein from the small ribosomal subunit. this protein, s5, has a molecular mass of 17,500 and is highly conserved in all lifeforms. the molecule contains two distinct alpha/beta domains that have structural similarities to several other proteins that are components of ribonucleoprotei ... | 1992 | 1508272 |
| evidence for temperature-dependent conformational changes in the l-lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus. | l-lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus (bsldh) has been shown to change its conformation in a temperature-dependent manner in the temperature range between 25 and 70 degrees c. to provide a more detailed understanding of this reversible structural reorganization of the tetrameric form of bsldh, we have determined in the presence of 5 mm fructose, 1,6-bisphosphate (fbp) the effect of temperature on far-uv and near-uv circular dichroism (cd), nile red-binding to the enzyme surfac ... | 1992 | 1510965 |
| the effect of cavity-filling mutations on the thermostability of bacillus stearothermophilus neutral protease. | cavities in the hydrophobic core of the neutral protease of bacillus stearothermophilus were analyzed using a three-dimensional model that was inferred from the crystal structure of thermolysin, the highly homologous neutral protease of b. thermoproteolyticus (85% sequence identity). site-directed mutagenesis was used to fill some of these cavities, thereby improving hydrophobic packing in the protein interior. the mutations had small effects on the thermostability, even after drastic changes, s ... | 1992 | 1518790 |
| thr246 mutations decrease substrate inhibition in lactate dehydrogenase. | threonine 246 in bacillus stearothermophilus l-lactate dehydrogenase has been changed to valine, serine, and alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. kinetic analyses show a decrease in substrate inhibition for pyruvate reduction with the t246s mutant and virtual elimination of substrate inhibition for the t246a and t246v mutants. the results indicate that the absence of substrate inhibition in the 246a/v-catalyzed reactions is due to the elimination of a key hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl grou ... | 1992 | 1540173 |
| structural analysis of three prokaryotic 5s rrna species and selected 5s rrna--ribosomal-protein complexes by means of pb(ii)-induced hydrolysis. | lead ions have been applied to the structural analysis of 5s rrna from thermus thermophilus, bacillus stearothermophilus and escherichia coli. based on the distribution of pb(ii)-induced cleavages, some minor modifications of the consensus secondary structure model of 5s rrna are proposed. they include the possible base pairing between nucleotides at positions 11 and 109, as well as changes in secondary interactions within the helix b region. the 'prokaryotic arm' region is completely resistant ... | 1992 | 1541273 |
| restriction endonuclease from thermophilic bacterial species iii. isolation and characterization of bsihka i. | | 1992 | 1542588 |
| proteolysis of bacillus stearothermophilus if2 and specific protection by fmet-trna. | translation initiation factor if2 from bacillus stearothermophilus (741 amino acids, mr 82,043) was subjected to trypsinolysis alone or in the presence of fmet-trna. the initiator trna was found to protect very efficiently the arg308-ala309 bond within the gtp binding site of if2 and, more weakly, three bonds (lys146-gln147, lys154-glu155 and arg519-ser520). the first two are located at the border between the non-conserved, dispensable (for translation) n-terminal portion and the conserved g-dom ... | 1992 | 1544401 |
| effect of glycosylation of bacterial amylase on stability and active site conformation. | with a view to understand the changes in the conformation of bacterial amylase, the enzyme preparation was conjugated to dextran. glycosylation of purified bacterial amylase resulted in increased stability against heat, proteolytic enzymes and denaturing agents. several group specific inhibitors exhibited dose-dependent inhibition and the extent of inhibition was same for native as well as for the glycosylated enzyme. the ph optima of native and glycosylated enzyme remained the same indicating t ... | 1991 | 1715313 |
| bst71i: an isoschizomer of the type-iis restriction enzyme, bbvi, recognizing the gcagc(8/12) site. | a new type-iis restriction enzyme, bst71i, with the specificity 5'-gcagc(n)8/3'-cgtcg(n)12 was isolated from bacillus stearothermophilus (promega no. 71). this enzyme is an isoschizomer of bbvi with somewhat improved characteristics for use by molecular biologists. | 1992 | 1547950 |
| structure of a ternary complex of an allosteric lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus at 2.5 a resolution. | we report the refined structure of a ternary complex of an allosterically activated lactate dehydrogenase, including the important active site loop. eightfold non-crystallographic symmetry averaging was utilized to improve the density maps. interactions between the protein and bound coenzyme and oxamate are described in relation to other studies using site-specific mutagenesis. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (frup2) is bound to the enzyme across one of the 2-fold axes of the tetramer, with the two ph ... | 1992 | 1731077 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene coding for alcohol dehydrogenase of bacillus stearothermophilus and rational shift of the optimum ph. | using bacillus subtilis as a host and ptb524 as a vector plasmid, we cloned the thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (adh-t) gene (adht) from bacillus stearothermophilus nca1503 and determined its nucleotide sequence. the deduced amino acid sequence (337 amino acids) was compared with the sequences of adhs from four different origins. the amino acid residues responsible for the catalytic activity of horse liver adh had been clarified on the basis of three-dimensional structure. since those catalyt ... | 1992 | 1735726 |
| salt-dependent and protein-concentration-dependent changes in the solution structure of the dna-binding histone-like protein, hbsu, from bacillus subtilis. | the solution structure of the histone-like dna-binding protein, hbsu, from bacillus subtilis in 2 mm sodium cacodylate, ph 7.5, is sensitive to the ionic strength of the buffer. this was shown by circular dichroism measurements at different concentrations of sodium chloride and potassium fluoride. the stability of hbsu is also influenced; at hbsu concentrations of about 0.1 mg.ml-1, melting temperatures of 32 degrees c and 55 degrees c were found in the absence of potassium fluoride and in the p ... | 1992 | 1551385 |
| expression in escherichia coli of a sub-gene encoding the lipoyl and peripheral subunit-binding domains of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of bacillus stearothermophilus. | a sub-gene encoding the n-terminal 170 residues of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of bacillus stearothermophilus was over-expressed in escherichia coli. the expressed polypeptide consists of the lipoyl domain, inter-domain linker and peripheral subunit-binding domain; these were found to have folded into their native functional conformations as judged by reductive acetylation of the lipoyl domain, limited proteolysis of the linker r ... | 1992 | 1590756 |
| cyclization characteristics of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase are conferred by the nh2-terminal region of the enzyme. | cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; ec 2.4.1.19) is produced mainly by bacillus strains. cgtase from bacillus macerans ifo3490 produces alpha-cyclodextrin as the major hydrolysis product from starch, whereas thermostable cgtase from bacillus stearothermophilus no2 produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. to analyze the cyclization characteristics of cgtase, we cloned different types of cgtase genes and constructed chimeric genes. cgtase genes from these two strains were cloned in bacillus su ... | 1992 | 1476442 |
| studies on thermophile products. v. immunosuppressive profile in vitro of bacillus stearothermophilus component, fr.5-b. | the immunosuppressive profile of bacillus stearothermophilus uk563 component, fr.5-b, is presented in in vitro studies. fr.5-b (0.1-1000 ng/ml), provided it was added at the initiation of mixed leukocyte reaction (mlr), inhibited dose-dependently the incorporation of tritiated thymidine ([3h]tdr) into mouse spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. even the addition of fr.5-b 48 h after the onset of culture suppressed mouse mlr, unlike cyclosporin a (cya). fr.5-b significantly inhibit ... | 1992 | 1477916 |
| the structural consequences of exchanging tryptophan and tyrosine residues in b. stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase. | a mutant bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase has been prepared in which all three tryptophan residues in the wild-type enzyme have been replaced by tyrosines. in addition, a tyrosine residue has been mutated to a tryptophan, which acts as a fluorescence probe to monitor protein folding. the mutant enzyme crystallizes in the same crystal form as the wild-type. the crystal structure of the mutant has been determined at 2.8 a resolution. solution studies have suggested that there is l ... | 1992 | 1480615 |
| effects of aeration during growth of bacillus stearothermophilus on proton pumping activity and change of terminal oxidases. | the effects of aeration during bacterial growth on the proton translocating activity of the respiratory chain of b. stearothermophilus atcc 8005, which is stable enough for measurement of the h+/o ratio by an oxygen pulse method, were examined. for endogenous and ascorbate-n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl p-phenylene diamine (tmpd) respiration, h+/o ratios of around 6 and 2 were obtained using resting cells grown under highly aerated conditions. the values were about 4 and 0 when cells were grown under lim ... | 1991 | 1665485 |
| bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay for determining ampicillin residues in fish muscle. | the bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay for penicillin in milk (aoac official method) was adapted for the determination of ampicillin in fish muscle. the method was evaluated in 2 species of cultured fish: channel catfish and striped bass. recoveries of ampicillin ranged from 99 to 104% when muscle specimens from both species were spiked at concentrations of 0.025-1.00 micrograms/g. the lower limit of determination (lod) was 0.025 micrograms/g. the assay was applied to monitor the elimination ... | 1991 | 1757413 |
| sodium ion-dependent amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of bacillus stearothermophilus. | amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of bacillus stearothermophilus was studied. a relatively high concentration of sodium ions is needed for uptake of l-alanine (kt = 1.0 mm) and l-leucine (kt = 0.4 mm). in contrast, the na(+)-h(+)-l-glutamate transport system has a high affinity for sodium ions (kt less than 5.5 microm). lithium ions, but no other cations tested, can replace sodium ions in neutral amino acid transport. the stimulatory effect of monensin on the steady-state accumulation le ... | 1991 | 1670936 |
| binding of a chaperonin to the folding intermediates of lactate dehydrogenase. | when bacillus stearothermophilus ldh dimer is incubated with increasing concentrations of the denaturant guanidinium chloride, three distinct unfolded states of the molecule are observed at equilibrium [smith, c. j., et al. (1991) biochemistry 30, 1028-1036]. the kinetics of ldh refolding are consistent with an unbranched progression through these states. the escherichia coli chaperonin, groel, binds with high affinity to the completely denatured form and more weakly to the earliest folding inte ... | 1991 | 1680001 |
| construction of a stable dimer of bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase. | a molecular graphics analysis of the features which prevent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase dimers from forming tetramers was evaluated by its success in predicting the synthesis of a version of the ldh framework which is a stable dimer. surface residues responsible for malate dehydrogenases being dimers were revealed by superimposing the structures of two dimers of pig cytosolic malate dehydrogenase on one homologous tetramer of l-lactate dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus. four regi ... | 1992 | 1525168 |
| the amino-acid sequences of the bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomal proteins s17 and s21 and their comparison to homologous proteins of other ribosomes. | ribosomal proteins s17 and s21 from the moderate thermophile bacillus stearothermophilus were purified by one-step high-performance liquid chromatography from the 30s-subunit protein mixture employing a semi-preparative reversed-phase c4 column. the complete amino-acid sequences of these proteins were determined by a combination of n-terminal sequencing in picomole quantities of the protein and of appropriate peptide fragments. proteins s17 and s21 consist of 86 and 55 amino-acid residues, corre ... | 1991 | 1772592 |
| specificity constants in the context of protein engineering of two-substrate enzymes. | | 1992 | 1599442 |
| cloning and expression of an amylase gene from bacillus stearothermophilus. | in the industrial process of liquefying starch to make glucose or high fructose syrups, it is crucial that the amylase used is stable and active at about 105 degrees c at ph 6.5 or preferentially at a lower ph. the amylase from bacillus licheniformis is well suited for this purpose but it is possible that other amylases might perform even better. therefore, we cloned and characterized amys encoding a heat-stable alpha-amylase from bacillus stearothermophilus. using a newly developed method for c ... | 1991 | 1784818 |
| development of a synthetic medium for continuous anaerobic growth and ethanol production with a lactate dehydrogenase mutant of bacillus stearothermophilus. | a synthetic medium was developed by the pulse and medium-shift technique for the continuous cultivation of bacillus stearothermophilus strain lld-15 (ncimb 12428) under anaerobic conditions. this mutant strain lacks l-lactate dehydrogenase activity, and is a promising candidate for the production of ethanol from pentoses and hexoses, using a high-temperature two-stage process. the final medium contained four amino acids and five vitamins, and growth characteristics in this medium compared well w ... | 1992 | 1645133 |
| the structural domains in the e2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from bacillus stearothermophilus. | | 1991 | 1794583 |
| kinetic and thermodynamic properties of wild-type and engineered mutants of tyrosyl-trna synthetase analyzed by pyrophosphate-exchange kinetics. | the first step of the reaction catalyzed by the aminoacyl-trna synthetases is the formation of enzyme-bound aminoacyl adenylate. the steady-state kinetics of this step has conventionally been studied by measuring the rate of isotopic exchange between pyrophosphate and atp. a simple kinetic analysis of the pyrophosphate-exchange reaction catalyzed by the tyrosyl-trna synthetase from bacillus stearothermophilus is given in which all the observed rate and binding constants can be assigned to identi ... | 1991 | 1645192 |
| the effect of kirromycin on the metal ion coordination in complexes of elongation factor tu from bacillus stearothermophilus as inferred from the 17o-55mn superhyperfine interaction. | the binding of the antibiotic kirromycin to elongation factor tu (ef-tu) leads to a severe line broadening of the q-band manganese epr lines of ef-tu.mn, ef-tu.mn.gdp, as well as ef-tu.mn.gdp.pi indicating that the coordination sphere of the metal ion is changed by this interaction. the number of coordinated water molecules was determined from the 17o-55mn superhyperfine coupling observable in h2(17)o enriched water; it is ph-dependent in the ef-tu.mn.gdp complex, at ph 6.8 probably four water m ... | 1991 | 1648403 |
| isolation and identification of restriction endonuclease bsebi. | | 1991 | 1653952 |
| conjugal transfer of recombinant transposon tn916 from escherichia coli to bacillus stearothermophilus. | a gene for thermostable amylase has been inserted at the bstxi site of tn916. mating experiments demonstrated that unlike tn916, the recombinant transposon, designated tn916a, could transfer from escherichia coli to bacillus stearothermophilus br219 in broth matings, resulting in chromosomal integration of the transposon and expression of the amylase at significant levels. | 1991 | 1658836 |
| molecular cloning of phosphofructokinase 1 gene from a thermophilic bacterium, thermus thermophilus. | phosphofructokinase 1 (pfk1) from thermus thermophilus differs from other bacterial pfks in that it is regulated by effector-induced reversible tetramer-dimer conversion rather than conformational change alone. we have cloned its gene and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with that of other pfks. while almost all amino acid residues involved in substrate binding sites, which are assigned from crystal structures of other pfks, are well conserved, some possibly important changes are fou ... | 1991 | 1828151 |
| thermostable alanine racemase of bacillus stearothermophilus: subunit dissociation and unfolding. | the guanidine hydrochloride-induced subunit dissociation and unfolding of thermostable alanine racemase from bacillus stearothermophilus have been studied by circular dichroism, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies, and gel filtration. the overall process was found to be reversible: more than 75% of the original activity was recovered upon reduction of the denaturant concentration. in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 m guanidine hydrochloride, the dimeric enzyme was dissociated into a monomeric for ... | 1991 | 1761523 |
| bstbsi, a restriction endonuclease from bacillus stearothermophilus bs which recognizes 5'gtatac3'. | | 1991 | 1831259 |
| primary structures of ribosomal proteins from the archaebacterium halobacterium marismortui and the eubacterium bacillus stearothermophilus. | approximately 40 ribosomal proteins from each halobacterium marismortui and bacillus stearothermophilus have been sequenced either by direct protein sequence analysis or by dna sequence analysis of the appropriate genes. the comparison of the amino acid sequences from the archaebacterium h marismortui with the available ribosomal proteins from the eubacterial and eukaryotic kingdoms revealed four different groups of proteins: 24 proteins are related to both eubacterial as well as eukaryotic prot ... | 1991 | 1764513 |
| thermostability of bacillus subtilis neutral protease. | the thermostability of the b. subtilis neutral protease was studied under various conditions. at elevated temperatures the enzyme was inactivated as a result of autolysis. the rate of inactivation did not depend on the enzyme concentration and the enzyme was most stable near its ph optimum. the rate of inactivation was unaffected by the presence of a second protease during the incubation at high temperatures. the results indicate that the rate of thermal inactivation of the neutral protease is d ... | 1991 | 1772430 |
| the structure of the gene for ribosomal protein l5 in the archaebacterium sulfolobus acidocaldarius. | the gene for the ribosomal protein l5 from the archaebacterium sulfolobus acidocaldarius has been isolated and sequenced. the gene codes for a basic protein of molecular weight 29 165 da. this protein shows substantial similarity to the equivalent protein from other archaebacteria as well as from yeast, and considerably less similarity to the equivalent eubacterial protein. these results support the concept of the archaebacteria as a monophyletic kingdom more closely related to eukaryotes than t ... | 1991 | 1840500 |
| a chaperonin from a thermophilic bacterium, thermus thermophilus, that controls refoldings of several thermophilic enzymes. | a chaperonin has been purified from a thermophilic bacterium, thermus thermophilus. it consists of two kinds of proteins with approximate mr 58,000 and 10,000 and shows a 7-fold rotational symmetry from the top view and a "football"-like shape from the side view under the electron microscopic view. its weak atpase activity is inhibited by sulfite and activated by bicarbonate. atp causes change of its mobility in nondenaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the t. thermophilus chaperonin c ... | 1991 | 1682319 |
| cloning and characterization of a glutamine transport operon of bacillus stearothermophilus nub36: effect of temperature on regulation of transcription. | we cloned and sequenced a fragment of the bacillus stearothermophilus nub36 chromosome that contains two open reading frames (orfs) whose products were detected only in cells of cultures grown in complex medium at high temperature. the nucleotide sequence of the two orfs exhibited significant identity to the sequence of the glnq and glnh loci of the glutamine transport system in enteric bacteria. in addition, growth response to glutamine, sensitivity to the toxic glutamine analog gamma-l-glutamy ... | 1991 | 1856180 |
| temperature-induced protein synthesis in bacillus stearothermophilus nub36. | cultures of bacillus stearothermophilus subjected to a temperature shift-up or shift-down of 15 degrees c within the normal temperature range of growth (45 to 65 degrees c) enter a transient adaptation period before exponential growth at the new temperature. the de novo synthesis of some proteins coincides with the adaptation period. | 1991 | 1856181 |
| conformational and thermodynamic effects of naturally occurring base methylations in a ribosomal rna hairpin of bacillus stearothermophilus. | the 3'-terminal colicin fragments of 16s ribosomal rna were isolated from bacillus stearothermophilus and from its kasugamycin-resistant (ksga) derivative lacking n6-dimethylation of the two adjacent adenosines in a hairpin loop. the fragment from the ksga strain still contains a naturally occurring n2-methylguanosine in the loop. an rna molecule resembling the b. stearothermophilus colicin fragment but without modified nucleosides was synthesized in vitro using a dna template and bacteriophage ... | 1990 | 1690648 |
| cloning the bstvi restriction-modification system in escherichia coli. | a standard dna modification methyltransferase (mtase) selection protocol was followed to clone the bstvi restriction and modification system from bacillus stearothermophilus in escherichia coli. both genes were contained in a 4.4-kb ecori fragment from b. stearothermophilus v chromosomal dna. the heterologous expression of these genes did not depend on their orientation in the vector, suggesting that the genes are expressed in e. coli under the control of promoters located on the cloned fragment ... | 1991 | 1864512 |
| molecular dissection of translation initiation factor if2. evidence for two structural and functional domains. | by means of limited proteolysis of bacillus stearothermophilus initiation factor if2 and genetic manipulation of its structural gene, infb, we have been able to produce (or hyperproduce) and purify two polypeptide fragments corresponding to two structurally and functionally separate domains of the protein. the first is the g-domain (approximately 41 kda), which makes up the central part of the molecule and contains the conserved structural elements found in all gtp/gdp-binding sites of g-protein ... | 1991 | 1885570 |
| isolation and identification of restriction endonuclease bsisi. | | 1990 | 1691485 |
| sequencing with the large fragment of dna polymerase i from bacillus stearothermophilus. | the large fragment of dna polymerase i, isolated from bacillus stearothermophilus, was used for dideoxy sequencing. this heat-stable enzyme permits performing sequencing reactions at high temperature to melt secondary structure and results in uniform band intensities and low background on the autoradiogram. the enzyme can be used in the standard sanger one-step protocol or in a two-step protocol which separates the labeling reaction from the elongation-termination reaction. the enzyme can be use ... | 1991 | 1773056 |
| cloning of a chromosomal alpha-amylase gene from bacillus stearothermophilus. | we have cloned and sequenced a gene for a heat-stable alpha-amylase from a natural isolate of bacillus stearothermophilus. previously, it had been shown that b. stearothermophilus amylase genes may be harboured on indigenous plasmids. we have found that our isolate harbours the amylase gene only on the chromosome and not on its indigenous plasmid. | 1991 | 1903751 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of a thermostable alpha-amylase from bacillus stearothermophilus: putative role of three conserved residues. | the relationship between structure, activity, and stability of the thermostable bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase was studied by site-directed mutagenesis of the three most conserved residues. mutation of his-238 to asp involved in ca2+ and substrate binding reduced the specific activity and thermal stability, but did not affect the ph and temperature optima. replacement of asp-331 by glu in the active site caused almost total inactivation. interestingly, in prolonged incubation this mut ... | 1990 | 1694530 |
| maltogenic amylases of bacillus stearothermophilus. | | 1990 | 1696223 |
| phylogenetic and biochemical evidence for a secondary structure model of a small cytoplasmic rna from bacilli. | small cytoplasmic rna (scrna; 271 nucleotides) is an abundant, stable rna identified in the gram-positive eubacterium bacillus subtilis. several findings suggest an important role of scrna in protein biosynthesis: it shares structural and biochemical features with the escherichia coli 4.5s rna (114 nucleotides), a molecule known to be involved in this process, and it can complement the essential function of 4.5s rna in vivo. the common apical hairpin motif of scrna and 4.5s rna also exists in eu ... | 1990 | 1698156 |
| investigation of the mechanisms of irreversible thermoinactivation of bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase. | bacillus stearothermophilus ncib 11412 produces a highly thermostable alpha-amylase. the enzyme displayed half-lives of irreversible thermoinactivation at 90 degrees c of 1.9 min and 12.5 min at ph 5.0 and ph 8.0, respectively. molecular mechanisms of irreversible thermoinactivation were investigated. at both ph 5.0 and ph 8.0 irreversible thermoinactivation was due to heat-induced breakdown of non-covalent interaction within the protein molecule, resulting in unfolding and consequent formation ... | 1992 | 1730228 |
| site-directed mutagenesis and nmr spectroscopic approaches to the elucidation of the structure-function relationships in translation initiation factors if1 and if3. | | 1991 | 1742345 |
| characterization and primary structure of proteins l28, l33 and l34 from bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomes. | the complete amino acid sequences of 3 proteins from the 50s subunit of bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomes were determined by n-terminal sequence analysis and by sequencing of overlapping fragments obtained from enzymatic digestions and chemical cleavages. the proteins bstl28, bstl33 and bstl34, named according to the equivalent proteins in escherichia coli ribosomes, consist of 60, 49, and 44 amino acid residues and have calculated molecular masses of 6811.0, 5908.6, and 5253.9 da, respectiv ... | 1991 | 1742360 |
| ribosome-independent gtpase activity of translation initiation factor if2 and of its g-domain. | in the absence of ribosomes, bacillus stearothermophilus translation initiation factor if2 (mr = 82 kda) and its gtp-binding domain (i.e. the g-domain, mr = 41 kda) promote barely detectable hydrolysis of gtp. upon addition of some aliphatic alcohols, however, the rate of nucleotide cleavage is substantially increased with both if2 and g-domain, the highest stimulation being observed with 20% (v/v) ethanol. under these conditions, the rates of ribosome-independent gtp hydrolysis with both if2 an ... | 1991 | 1744073 |
| large fragment of dna polymerase i from bacillus stearothermophilus (bst polymerase) is stable at ambient temperature. | | 1991 | 1793578 |
| bacterial catalase-peroxidases are gene duplicated members of the plant peroxidase superfamily. | bacterial catalase-peroxidases are enzymes containing 0.5-1.0 heme per subunit. the identical subunits are generally 80 kda in size, and the sequenced subunits of e. coli, s. typhimurium and b. stearothermophilus contain 726-731 amino acid residues per subunit. the heme-containing peroxidases of plants, fungi and yeast are monomeric, homologous and 290-350 residues in size. analyses of the amino acid sequences indicate that the double length of the bacterial peroxidases can be ascribed to gene d ... | 1991 | 1954228 |
| effect of simultaneous application of heat and pressure on the survival of bacterial spores. | the effect of simultaneous application of moderate hydrostatic pressure (10-300 atm) and heat on the survival of the bacillus stearothermophilus spores in a flow-through system was investigated. a high heterogeneity of the sensitization of spores to heat by pressure was found. a higher degree of reduction of heat resistance was observed at the low than at the high temperatures tested. the simultaneous application of moderate pressure and heat can not be applied for the preservation of liquid foo ... | 1991 | 1955421 |
| increasing the thermostability of the neutral proteinase of bacillus stearothermophilus by improvement of internal hydrogen-bonding. | in an attempt to increase the thermostability of the neutral proteinase of bacillus stearothermophilus the buried ala-170 was replaced by serine. molecular-dynamics simulations showed that ser-170 stabilizes the enzyme by formation of an internal hydrogen bond. in addition, the hydroxy group of ser-170 could contribute to stability by filling an internal cavity. after the introduction of the mutation, using site-directed-mutagenesis techniques, an increase in stability of 0.7 +/- 0.1 degrees c w ... | 1992 | 1637352 |
| [determination of antibiotic chemicals using microbiological tests: evaluation of the limits of sensitivity]. | sensitivity of bacillus subtilis bga and bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis disc assays to 53 chemio-antibiotics was tested. test-microorganisms were sown in two different mediums: pm indicator agar, difco u.s.a., and standard ii nutrient agar, merck germany, modified according to nouws. the mediums were used with or without addition of trimethoprim (at a concentration of 0.12 or 0.024 mcg/ml of medium for b. subtilis and for b. stearothermophilus respectively). b. stearothermophilus ... | 1991 | 1804237 |
| isolation of a new antitumor substance from bacillus stearothermophilus. | a new antitumor substance, bs-1, was isolated from the autolysate and culture filtrate of bacillus stearothermophilus uk563 by ethylacetate extraction and hplc. bs-1 inhibited the proliferation of mouse macrophage-like cells, p388-d1 (ic50: 4 micrograms/ml) and mouse mastocytoma, p-815 (ic50: 0.6 microgram/ml), but not that of balb/c 3t3. | 1991 | 1804563 |
| sterilization beneath rings on dental instruments. | this study determined the effectiveness of standard methods of instrument sterilization beneath instrument rings. sets of three types of dental instruments were contaminated with known amounts of bacterial spores (bacillus stearothermophilus or bacillus subtilis). instrument rings were placed over the contamination and the instruments processed through standard cycles in a steam autoclave, an unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer, a standard dry heat sterilizer, an ethylene oxide gas sterilizer ... | 1991 | 1814351 |
| the identification of a structurally important cysteine residue in the glycerol dehydrogenase from bacillus stearothermophilus. | evidence is presented to demonstrate that the zn2+ metallo-enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase from the thermophile bacillus stearothermophilus has one cysteine residue per subunit which is only available for reaction with thiol reagents in the metal-depleted form of the enzyme. modification of the metal-depleted enzyme by methyl methanethiosulphonate prevents the reactivation of the enzyme by zn2+ ions and induces dissociation of the oligomer into subunits. the rate of reaction of the cysteine residu ... | 1991 | 2009285 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the glycogen branching enzyme gene (glgb) from bacillus stearothermophilus and expression in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. | the structural gene for the bacillus stearothermophilus glycogen branching enzyme (glgb) was cloned in escherichia coli. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 1917 nucleotide open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein with an mr of 74787 showing extensive similarity to other bacterial branching enzymes, but with a shorter n-terminal region. a second orf of 951 nucleotides encoding a 36971 da protein started upstream of the glgb gene. the n-terminus of the orf2 gene product had similarity to t ... | 1991 | 1745226 |