effect of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica on the reproductive organs in male mice. | effect of oral administration (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of aqucous leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) on the male reproductive organs of the parkes (p) strain mice was investigated. the treatment had no effect on body weight and the reproductive organs weight. in treated mice, testes showed both normal and affected seminiferous tubules in the same sections; the affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, m ... | 2005 | 16313072 |
botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. | botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. the body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical ... | 2006 | 16332203 |
larvicidal activity of a neem tree extract (neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran. | an insecticide containing azadirachtin, a neem tree (azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran under laboratory and field conditions. lc50 and lc90 values for neemarin were 0.35 and 1.81 mg/l for anopheles stephensi, the main local malaria vector, and 0.69 and 3.18 mg/l for culex quinquefasciatus. the mortality in the pupal stage was significantly higher than the other stages. in field trials, using recommended dosages of 1 and 2 l/hectare, m ... | 2004 | 16335649 |
effects of neem leaf volatiles on submerged cultures of aflatoxigenic aspergillus parasiticus. | microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a 3-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of aspergillus parasiticus. aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal bio ... | 1994 | 16349404 |
neem seed extract containing azadirachtin affects mortality, growth, and immunological function in the whipscorpion mastigoproctus giganteus (lucas) (arachnida, uropygi). | | 2005 | 16400548 |
effect of aqueous extract from neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion in composite resin by candida albicans. | azadirachta indica, a meliaceae family tree, has been used in india for many years in the treatment of several diseases in medicine and dentistry. current research analyses the effects of the leaf aqueous extract from azadirachta indica (neem) on the adhesion, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation, which may affect the colonisation by candida albicans. | 2006 | 16412377 |
fractions of an antimalarial neem-leaf extract have activities superior to chloroquine, and are gametocytocidal. | the antimalarial activities of two fractions (irdn-a and irdn-b) of an extract from the leaves of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) were compared with those of chloroquine, in in-vitro assays against plasmodium falciparum. the asexual stages of a chloroquine-sensitive clone (itg2f6) and a chloroquine-resistant isolate (w2) and the gametocytes of the nf 54 (bd-7) isolate of p. falciparum were used as the drug targets. activity against the asexual stages was generally evaluated as the concentrati ... | 2006 | 16417709 |
ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract induces apoptosis in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model by modulation of bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3. | induction of apoptosis is one of the most active strategies in cancer chemoprevention and the ability of medicinal plants in this regard has attracted major research interest. the present study was designed to investigate the apoptosis inducing capacity of an ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis using the apoptosis-associated proteins bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3 as markers. topical application of dmba ... | 2005 | 16436003 |
inhibitory effects of azadirachta indica on dmba-induced skin carcinogenesis in balb/c mice. | male balb/c mice were divided into four groups on the basis of their respective treatments wherein mice of group i served as controls. for induction of skin tumors, mice of group ii and iv were injected sub-cutaneously with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba). mice of group iii and iv were administered aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) thrice a week throughout the experiment. after 14 weeks of the first dmba injection, group ii and iv mice developed tumors. in the tumor-bearing m ... | 2006 | 16444585 |
anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica a. juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. | gastrointestinal nematode control has been performed through use of anthelmintics. however, the development of resistant populations has required research into new alternatives. there are popular reports about anti-parasitic activity of azadirachta indica in animals and plants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of a. indica after feeding sheep with the dried leaves. in this experiment, 40 sheep were allotted into four treatment groups. group i received a treatment o ... | 2006 | 16517074 |
chemomodulatory effects of azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing mice. | the liver plays an important role in the modulation of the process of carcinogenesis, as it is the primary site for the biotransformation of xenobiotics including carcinogens as well as anticancer drugs. the present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical alterations occurring in the liver of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) induced skin tumor bearing male balb/c mice and their modulation by aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile). it was observed that skin tumor induction ca ... | 2006 | 16521106 |
screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of mauritius for possible alpha-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro. | in this study, seven exotic/indigenous medicinal plants of mauritius, namely coix lacryma-jobi (poaceae), aegle marmelos (rutaceae), artocarpus heterophyllus (moraceae), vangueria madagascariensis (rubiaceae), azadirachta indica (meliaceae), eriobotrya japonica (rosaceae) and syzigium cumini (myrtaceae) were studied for possible effects on starch breakdown by alpha-amylase in vitro. the results showed that only artocarpus heterophyllus significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited alpha-amylase activity in ... | 2006 | 16521114 |
behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in meru and kilifi districts of kenya. | the methanol and aqueous extracts of 10 plant species (acacia nilotica, azadirachta indica, carissa edulis, fagaropsis angolensis, harrissonia abyssinica, myrica salicifolia, neoboutonia macrocalyx, strychnos heningsii, withania somnifera and zanthoxylum usambarensis) used to treat malaria in meru and kilifi districts, kenya, were tested for brine shrimp lethality and in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 ... | 2006 | 16530996 |
a new shampoo based on neem (azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro. | because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. to test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in australia and immersed in wash-away louse shampoo (alpha-biocare gmbh, germany). vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examinat ... | 2006 | 16568334 |
interspecific variation in vessel size, growth and drought tolerance of broad-leaved trees in semi-arid regions of kenya. | in semi-arid regions, trees often wither during the dry season. withering is sometimes manifest as die-back, whereby whithering results in shoot death, which progresses downward from the uppermost part of the crown. in this study, we measured the relationships between height growth and diameter at breast height, die-back frequency and severity, vessel size and specific hydraulic conductivity of four evergreen (senna siamea (lamk) h.s. irwin & barneby, jacaranda mimosifolia d. don, azadirachta in ... | 2006 | 16585035 |
extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. | to determine whether aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) could induce degeneration of rat oocytes and, if so, whether apoptosis is involved during nle-induced degeneration of oocytes cultured in vitro. | 2006 | 16616096 |
enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in balb/c-mice. | an aqueous plant extract from azadirachta indica and its chromatographic fraction f1 (neem extract) exerted immunomodulating and antimetastatic activities in balb/ c-mice. regular subcutaneous administration of neem extract yielded significantly increased spleen weight and significant enhancement of peritoneal macrophage activity in the chemiluminescence assay, and activation marker cd-44 expression. the thymus weight and thymocyte counts did not show significant differences in the control and n ... | 2006 | 16634526 |
protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on dmba-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei, the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants-reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. in dmba-treated mice, the increases in micronuclei an ... | 2005 | 16635967 |
comparison of free radical scavenging activity of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) leaf extracts prepared by different methods of extraction. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) from several extracting and drying methods using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph)-scavenging assay. | 2006 | 16651839 |
prophylactic dose of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation restricting murine tumor growth is nontoxic, hematostimulatory and immunostimulatory. | significant restriction of growth of ehrlich's carcinoma was observed following prophylactic treatment on swiss albino mice with neem leaf preparation (nlp-1 unit) once weekly for four weeks. toxic effects of this particular dose (1 unit), along with 0.5 unit and 2 units of nlp doses, were evaluated on different murine physiological systems. one hundred percent of mice could tolerate 4 injections of 0.5 and 1 unit nlp doses. body weight, different organ-body weight ratios and physical behavior o ... | 2006 | 16684666 |
fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees. | endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. they represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely terminalia arjuna, crataeva magna, azadirachta indica, holarrhena antidysenterica, terminalia chebula, and butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern india ... | 2006 | 16699567 |
modulatory effects of azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in mice. | to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aqueous azadirachta indica (a indica) leaf extract (aaile) against benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in balb/c mice. | 2006 | 16718763 |
in vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against larval haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. | because of the increasing anthelmintic resistance and the impact of conventional anthelmintics on the environment, it is important to look for alternative strategies against gastrointestinal nematodes. phytotherapy could be one of the major options to control these pathologies. extracts or ingredients of six different plant species were tested against exsheathed infective larvae of haemonchus contortus using a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (mtt) reduction assay. pyrantel tartrate was use ... | 2006 | 16725288 |
scabies. | scabies is a neglected parasitic disease that is a major public health problem in many resource-poor regions. it causes substantial morbidity from secondary infections and post-infective complications such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. disease control requires treatment of the affected individual and all people they have been in contact with, but is often hampered by inappropriate or delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and improper use of topical compounds such as per ... | 2006 | 16731272 |
evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as solar protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l). | commercial formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l., granulovirus (cpgv) are limited by their short residual activity under orchard conditions in the pacific northwest. we evaluated spray-dried lignin-encapsulated formulations of cpgv for improved solar stability based on laboratory bioassays with a solar simulator and in field tests in an infested apple orchard. in laboratory tests, aqueous lignin formulations containing a high dosage of 3 x 10(10) occlusion bodies (ob)/l, with and ... | 2006 | 16774766 |
synthesis and biological activity of amide derivatives of nimbolide. | nimbolide (1), a limonoid isolated from azadirachta indica, is the chief cytotoxic principle in neem leaves extract. using nimbolide as a lead compound for anti-cancer analogue design, a series of nimbolide derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines. out of 10 compounds screened 2g, 2h and 2i showed potent activity. | 2006 | 16793266 |
pretreatment with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation in swiss mice diminishes leukopenia and enhances the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. | cancer chemotherapy is associated with several life threatening complications, including bone marrow suppression and leucopenia. to overcome this problem, colony stimulating factor (csf), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gmcsf), can be used, however, these therapeutics are expensive and have several disadvantages, including tumor growth promoting activities. this study attempted to use an immunostimulatory neem (azadirachta indica ... | 2006 | 16807877 |
inhibition of colon cancer (ht-29) cell proliferation by a triterpenoid isolated from azadirachta indica is accompanied by cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of p21. | nimbolide, a natural triterpenoid present in the edible parts of the neem tree ( azadirachta indica), was found to be growth-inhibitory in human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. nimbolide treatment of cells at 2.5 - 10 microm resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition. flow cytometric analysis of ht-29 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (2.5 microm, 12 h) caused a 6.5-fold increase in the number of cells (55.6 %) in the g2/m phase compared with the control cells (8.8 %). at 48 h, the c ... | 2006 | 16858664 |
neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) components: candidates for the control of crinipellis perniciosa and phytophthora ssp. | witches' broom and pod rot are the two most devastating diseases of cocoa in south america and africa, respectively. their control by means of phytosanitation and chemical fungicides is labor-intensive, costly and, in many cases, environmentally undesirable. therefore efforts are made in order to identify alternative, environmentally safe and cost-efficient methods for the control of these pathogens. promising candidates are components of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), that have been used f ... | 2007 | 16872817 |
efficacy of neem seed extract shampoo on head lice of naturally infected humans in egypt. | sixty heavily lice-infested male and female children (4-15 years) were selected and subjected to the treatment with a neem seed extract shampoo. twenty to thirty milliliter of the shampoo were thoroughly mixed with completely wet hair and rubbed in to reach the skin of the scalp. after 5, 10, 15 and 30 min, the shampoo was washed out and the hair basically combed. head lice were collected and examined. the neem seed extract shampoo proved to be highly effective against all stages of head lice. n ... | 2007 | 16900389 |
preventive effects of azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-dna adduct formation in murine forestomach and hepatic tissues. | in the present investigation, the effects of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) on (3)h-benzo(a)pyrene-dna [(3)h-b(a)p-dna] adduct formation, the status of biotransformation enzymes and reduced glutathione (gsh) content were evaluated in the forestomach and liver of balb/c mice. two weeks of aaile treatment reduced the (3)h-b(a)p-dna adduct levels by 31.6% in forestomach tissue. similarly, (3)h-b(a)p-dna adduct levels were decreased by 34.7% in the liver of aaile treated mice compar ... | 2006 | 16909440 |
native kenyan plants as possible alternatives to methyl bromide in soil fumigation. | methyl bromide (ch3br) is a biocidal fumigant used widely in crop production and commodity preservation worldwide. ch3br escapes to the stratosphere and releases bromine atom (br), which contributes to significant destruction of the ozone (o3). it is therefore necessary to explore alternatives to ch3br that are environmentally safe and suitable for resource-poor african farmers. we present here the results of a study on the inhibitory activity of crude extracts from kenyan medicinal plants again ... | 2006 | 16920513 |
neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation induces prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma in swiss and c57bl/6 mice by activation of nk cells and nk-t cells. | we have reported earlier that pretreatment of mice with neem leaf preparation (nlp) causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich's carcinoma (ec) and b16 melanoma. using adoptive cell transfer technology, here we have established that nlp-mediated activation of immune cells may be involved in tumor growth restriction. mononuclear cells from blood and spleen of nlp-activated swiss and c57bl/6 mice causes enhanced cytotoxicity to murine ec cells in vitro. fractionation of spleen cells e ... | 2006 | 17015147 |
chemopreventative strategies targeting the mgmt repair protein: augmented expression in human lymphocytes and tumor cells by ethanolic and aqueous extracts of several indian medicinal plants. | o6-alkylguanines are potent mutagenic, pro-carcinogenic and cytotoxic lesions induced by exogenous and endogenous alkylating agents. a facilitated elimination of these lesions by increasing the activity of o6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (mgmt) is likely to be a beneficial chemoprevention strategy, which, however, has not been examined. because, a marginal enhancement of this protein may be adequate for genomic protection, we studied alterations in mgmt activity and expression in human pe ... | 2006 | 17016661 |
inhibition of aflatoxin b production of aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products. | the inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, captan, leaf powder of withania somnifera, hyptis suaveolens, eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of citrus sinensis, citrus medica and punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger on aflatoxin b(1) production by toxigenic strain of aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. | 2006 | 17032218 |
daily feeding of fresh neem leaves (azadirachta indica) for worm control in sheep. | this study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on nematode parasites of sheep. twelve santa ines cross bred sheep from a government farm were randomly selected and equally divided into control (n = 6) and treated groups (n =6). faecal egg counts (fec) using the modified mcmaster technique and the famacha score for assessing clinical anaemia were carried out daily and recorded for 6 weeks. at the end of the study all the animals were slaughtered and the ... | 2006 | 17041548 |
antioxidative and modifying effects of a tropical plant azadirachta indica (neem) on azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon. | the purpose of the present study was to examine whether neem leaf (azadirachta indica) has short-term chemopreventive effects on endpoint preneoplastic lesions involved in rat colon carcinogenesis and might also exert antioxidative activity. forty- two male f344 rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups. groups 1 to 4 were given a subcutaneous injection of azoxymethane (aom, 20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks. starting one week before the first injection of aom, rats in gr ... | 2006 | 17059347 |
[toxicity of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) formulations for twospotted spider mite and euseius alatus de leon and phytoseiulus macropilis (banks) (acari: phytoseiidae)]. | the toxicity of selected commercial formulations of neem on tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) and two predatory mites euseius alatus de leon and phytoseiulus macropilis (banks) was studied. topical toxicity was tested with the commercial formulations (natuneem, neemseto and callneem) and extract of neem's seeds at concentration 1%, compared to the standard acaricide abamectin at concentration of 0.3 ml/l and the control treatment (distilled water). based on the best performance aga ... | 2006 | 17061799 |
antimicrobial emulsion (coating) based on biopolymer containing neem (melia azardichta) and turmeric (curcuma longa) extract for wound covering. | polymeric bio-adhesives emulsion which is biodegradable and non-toxic containing antimicrobial agents can play an important role in preventing infection in wound covering and coating for surgical implants. therefore a bioadhesive polymer was synthesized by semi-interpenetrating network process using blend of shellac, casein and polyvinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride (ma) as reactive compatibilizer. the synthesized polymer was mixed with neem and turmeric extract and homogenized using an emulsifi ... | 2006 | 17075168 |
repellency of mygga natural spray (para-menthane-3,8-diol) and rb86 (neem oil) against the tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in the field in east-central sweden. | in the field in south-central sweden, we tested by randomised, standardised methodology the potential anti-tick repellent activity of two concentrations of mygga natural spray (containing pmd) (4.2 and 3.2 g/m2) and one of rb86 (with 70% neem oil containing azadirachtin) (3 g/m2) to host seeking nymphs of ixodes ricinus. each substance was applied separately to 1 m2 cotton flannel cloths. nymphal ticks on the cloths, pulled over the vegetation, were recorded at 10-m stops. nymphal numbers record ... | 2006 | 17103083 |
impact of the botanical insecticide neem azal on survival and reproduction of the biting louse damalinia limbata on angora goats. | secondary metabolites present in the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss, meliaceae), exhibit a wide range of biological activities in insects. however, few studies have been undertaken to assess the potential of neem products as insecticides for the control of ectoparasites of domestic animals. this study was undertaken to estimate the efficacy of neem azal, an azadirachtin-rich extract of neem seeds, in controlling damalinia limbata (phthiraptera) louse infestation of angora goats. the study ... | 2007 | 17161539 |
antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines after treatment with nimbolide extracted from an edible part of the neem tree (azadirachta indica). | nimbolide, a triterpenoid extracted from the flowers of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), was found to have antiproliferative activity against some cancer cell lines. treatment of cells with 0.5-5.0 microm concentrations of nimbolide resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition in u937, hl-60, thp1 and b16 cell lines. flow cytometric analysis of u937 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (1-2.5 microm) resulted in cell cycle disruption by decreasing the number of cells in g0/g1 phase, ... | 2007 | 17163581 |
impact of azadirachtin, an insecticidal allelochemical from neem on soil microflora, enzyme and respiratory activities. | the effect of 10% azadirachtin granules (alcoholic extract of neem seed kernel mixed with china clay) was studied on the population of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, azotobacter and nitrifying bacteria; soil dehydrogenase, phosphatase and respiratory activities on 0, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days after application in sandy loam soil collected from the fields. it was observed that baring the azotobacter sp., azadirachtin at all the doses exerted a suppressive effect on the rest of the microbial ... | 2007 | 17166716 |
in vitro assessment of anti - cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some sudanese plants. | examination of crude methanol extracts of four sudanese plants (azadirachta indica, acacia nilotica, balanites aegyptiaca and allium sativa) revealed that only three species had a considerable in-vitro anti-leishmanial activity on leishmania major promastigotes. the plants azadrachta indica, allium sativa, and acacia nilotica gave a lc50 of 10.2, 4.94, and 89.38 microg/ml, respectively. extracts of balanites aegyptiaca had a moderate biological activity on l major promastigotes. | 2005 | 17167733 |
effect of aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves on offensive and diffensive gastric mucosal factors in rats. | standardized aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves (aie) has been reported to show both ulcer protective and ulcer healing effects in normal as well as in diabetic rats. to study the mechanism of its ulcer protective/healing actions, effects of aie (500 mg/ kg) was studied on various parameters of offensive acid-pepsin secretion in 4 hr pylorus ligation, pentagastrin (penta, 5 microg/kg/hr)-stimulated acid secretion and gastric mucosal proton pump activity and defensive mucin secre ... | 2006 | 17193895 |
response and effect of two plant crude extracts on mosquito larvae culex pipiens. | the response and effect of two plant crude extract from dry damsissa (ambrosia maritima) and neem seeds (azadirachta indica) were tested against the first and third instar larvae of mosquito (culex pipiens). the results showed that both extracts had a larvicidal effect. neem seed extract was more toxic than damsissa extract against both the first and third instar larvae. in addition, the young larvae (first instar) were more susceptible to neem seeds than the old ones (third instar) as revealed ... | 1998 | 17217029 |
antibody response against neem leaf preparation recognizes carcinoembryonic antigen. | an immune serum generated in swiss mice against an aqueous preparation from neem leaf was reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and a peptide sequence derived from it. using elisa, we have demonstrated that cea reactive antibody titer (chiefly igg2a) was significantly decreased after absorption of the immune sera with cea. neem leaf preparation (nlp) generated immune sera was also reactive with cea in immunoblotting and cea reactive component in the nlp sera can be immunoprecipitated. ide ... | 2007 | 17276888 |
antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in india. | indigenous uses of azadirachta indica a. juss (maliaceae) (locally known as neem) leaves in different parts of india for curing gastrointestinal disorder such as diarrhea and cholera is wide spread. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antisecretory activity of neem extract against vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of watery diarrhea such as cholera. the methanol extract of neem leaf was tested for its antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity ... | 2007 | 17314018 |
effect of azadirachta indica leaf methanol extracts on stem cell reproduction. | methanol extracts of azadirachta indica leaves at concentration from 0.1 to 40 microg/ml showed in vitro an stimulatory activity in stem cell reproduction. these results suggest that the effect of methanol leaf extracts on stem cell reproduction could be of benefit to improve health. | 2007 | 17337134 |
[use of neem extract in the control of acariasis by myobia musculi schranck (acari: miobidae) and myocoptes musculinus koch (acari: listrophoridae) in mice (mus musculus var. albina l.)]. | the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricide action of neem extract formulated as a pomatum in the treatment of acariasis in mice (mus musculus var. albina l.) naturally infected by myobia musculi schranck and myocoptes musculinus koch. twenty parasitized animals were chosen and distributed in four groups: control (vaseline), 5%, 10% and 20% of neem. the animals were treated at 48h intervals and maintained in cages with food and water ad libitum and accompanied daily for 24 days. the ... | 2006 | 17348141 |
fusarium semitectum, a potential mycopathogen against thrips and mites in chilli, capsicum annuum. | in india, chilli (capsicum annuum l.) suffers with a characteristic leaf curl symptoms due to the attack of mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) (acari: tarsonemidae) and thrips, scirtothrips dorsalis hood (thysanoptera: thripidae) or both. experiments were conducted in the fields of college of agriculture, shimoga, india during kharif (september 2003 to january 2004) and summer (march-june) 2004. after proving its pathogenicity, the potential of the mycopathogen, fusarium semitectum was eval ... | 2006 | 17385513 |
the endophytic mycoflora of bark, leaf, and stem tissues of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) from varanasi (india). | a systematic study was made of the endophytes of azadirachta indica a. juss (the neem tree) growing in several of its natural habitats in india. a total of 233 isolates of endophytic fungi representing 18 fungal taxa were obtained from segments of bark, stem, and leaves of this tree. hyphomycetes (62.2%) were the most prevalent followed by the coelomycetes (27.4%) and mycelia sterilia (7.7%). as mathematically determined, the maximum species richness and frequency of colonization of endophytes a ... | 2007 | 17394041 |
neem leaf preparation enhances th1 type immune response and anti-tumor immunity against breast tumor associated antigen. | an 85-kda breast tumor associated antigen (btaa) has been identified and partially characterized from human breast tumors. as btaa is poorly immunogenic, enhancement of the anti-tumor immunity induced by btaa is required to obtain an objective clinical response. the potent immune activation by an aqueous preparation of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf (nlp) suggests its possible utility for enhancing immune responses to tumor vaccines. mice (swiss and balb/c) and rats (sprague dawley) immunized wi ... | 2007 | 17394284 |
total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. | phenols, a major group of antioxidant phytochemicals, have profound importance due to their biological and free radical scavenging activities. to identify their potential sources, extracts of some plants were studied for their total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant (aoa) and free radical scavenging activities (frsa) by different methods at multiple concentrations followed by specific phenolic composition. the amount of tpc varied from 2.8 mg/g (withania somnifera, roots) to 107.8 mg/g (cassia ... | 2007 | 17415953 |
biological monitoring of roadside plants exposed to vehicular pollution in jalgaon city. | experiments on air and biomonitoring were conducted to evaluate pollution impact on the vegetation along the road in jalgaon city, maharashtra. the plantation along the roads and mainly includes neem (aadirachta indica), peepal (ficus religiosa), banyan (ficus benghalensis), almond (terminalia catapa). for biomonitoring, leaf area, total chlorophyll, plant protein were analyzed to study the impact of air pollutants. it was observed that vegetation at roadside with heavy traffic and markets was m ... | 2006 | 17436536 |
cardioprotective effect of azadirachta indica a. juss. on isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats. | the present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica a. juss. (ai) on the basis of haemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological parameters in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats and to compare with vitamin e, a known cardioprotective antioxidant. a significant (p<0.01) decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (map), systolic arterial blood pressure (sap), diastolic arterial blood pressure (dap) and increase in h ... | 2008 | 17467089 |
impediment of diethylnitrosamine induced hepatotoxicity in male balb/c mice by pretreatment with aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract. | considering the hepatoprotective properties of azadirachta indica, the present study was designed to evaluate its preventive effects against diethylnitrosamine (ndea) induced hepatotoxicity in male balb/c mice. exposure of ndea caused a significant increase in micronucleated cell score, lipid peroxidation levels (lpo) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (gsh) contents and activity of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) was also observed upon nde ... | 2007 | 17477308 |
in silico approach of azadirachtin binding with actins. | in silico docking analysis reported here suggests that insect cellular cytoskeletal beta-actin could be the target of azadirachtin a (aza-the principle bioactive compound of neem seeds). the best docking energy of -40.09 kcal/mol at 8.73 a rmsd and predicted hydrogen bond between arg210 and carboxymethyl group of aza accompanied with seven hydrophobic interactions in the proposed binding site strongly support this hypothesis. this is of specific interest due to the non-affinity of aza to mammali ... | 2007 | 17517340 |
larvicidal effects of a neem (azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | larviciding is a key strategy used in many vector control programmes around the world. costs could be reduced if larvicides could be manufactured locally. the potential of natural products as larvicides against the main african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s.s was evaluated. | 2007 | 17519000 |
neem leaf preparation induces apoptosis of tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | a neem leaf preparation (nlp) was investigated for its role in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis to elucidate the mechanism of nlp mediated immunoprophylaxis in tumor growth restriction. as nlp did not induce direct apoptosis of human tumor cell lines kb, mcf7 and k562, it was used instead to stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) for 72 h. the pbmc derived culture supernatant (nlp-cs) was observed to induce the restriction of tumor cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. ... | 2007 | 17562567 |
development and evaluation of thin-layer chromatography-digital image-based analysis for the quantitation of the botanical pesticide azadirachtin in agricultural matrixes and commercial formulations: comparison with elisa. | a simple thin-layer chromatography-digital image-based analytical method has been developed for the quantitation of the botanical pesticide, azadirachtin. the method was validated by analyzing azadirachtin in the spiked food matrixes and processed commercial pesticide formulations, using acidified vanillin reagent as a postchromatographic derivatizing agent. the separated azadirachtin was clearly identified as a green spot. the rf value was found to be 0.55, which was similar to that of a refere ... | 2007 | 17580640 |
mercury emission and distribution: potential environmental risks at a small-scale gold mining operation, phichit province, thailand. | mercury (hg) contamination was assessed in environment near an amalgamation gold recovery operation located at a small scale mining operation (phanom pha) in phichit province, thailand. total mercury (thg) concentrations was determined in water, sediment, bivalves in the aquatic environment and as dry deposition or atmospheric fallout on surface soil and leaves of neem tree (azadirachta indica juss. var. siamensis valeton) near the mining operation. thg in surface soil, neem flowers (edible part ... | 2007 | 17616880 |
nematicidal metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus geotrichum sp. al4. | from the endophytic fungal strain geotrichum sp. al4, cultivated from the leaves of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), four compounds, 1-4, were isolated from the acoet extract, including two new, chlorinated, epimeric 1,3-oxazinane derivatives. all compounds were assessed for their nematicidal activities against the nematodes bursaphelenchus xylophilus and panagrellus redivivus, and three out of the four isolates showed noticeable bioactivities. | 2007 | 17638333 |
effect of azadirachta indica (neem) on the growth pattern of dermatophytes. | to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum fungicidal concentration (mfc) for the extracts of the leaves and seeds of the plant azadirachta indica against various dermatophytes. | 2003 | 17642990 |
acute, sublethal and combination effects of azadirachtin and bacillus thuringiensis toxins on helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | the efficacy of neem (1500 ppm azadirachtin (ai)), delfin wg, a biological insecticide based on selected strain of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) subspecies kurstaki, and cry1ac protein, either individually or in combination, were examined against first to fourth instar helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae. using an oral administration method, various growth inhibitory concentrations (ec) and lethal concentrations (lc) were determined for each bioagent. combinations of sublethal concentrat ... | 2007 | 17645816 |
fractionated neem leaf extract is safe and increases cd4+ cell levels in hiv/aids patients. | the safety and effect of an acetone-water neem leaf extract (irab) on cd4 cells was investigated in 60 hiv/aids patients as part of an ongoing study to determine the influence of neem on immunity and viral load in hiv/aids. patients were confirmed as hiv i or ii positive, as having cd4 cell count, less than 300 cells/microl, and as antiretrovirally naïve. they were given oral irab (1.0 g daily for 12 weeks). clinical and laboratory tests were carried out at baseline and at 4 weekly intervals. th ... | 2007 | 17667213 |
oxidative metabolism-related changes in cryogenically stored neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seeds. | the seeds of azadirachta indica were successfully cryopreserved for 12 months with 45% survival following drying to 0.16 g h(2)o g(-1) dry mass (dm). highest survival (94-96%) was recorded during the first month of cryostorage. subsequent cryopreservation up to 12 months resulted in decreasing germination. post-thawing pre-heat treatment enhanced the recovery marginally in seeds cryopreserved from 3 to 12 months. viability of cryostored seeds was negatively correlated with leachate conductivity ... | 2008 | 17765361 |
an evaluation of some trinidadian plant extracts against larvae of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | in recent times, bioprospecting for plants that show bioactive properties has yielded many chemicals that can be used in controlling mosquitoes. crude extracts of 4 terrestrial and 3 mangrove plants were assayed against 2-3 larval instars of aedes aegypti. among the plants tested, cordia curassavica showed the highest levels of activity for all the extracts tested. azadirachta indica showed the least activity, whereas the 2 cultivars of mangifera indica showed substantial activity for the aqueou ... | 2007 | 17847850 |
dioxin uptake by indian plant species. | dioxins like various gaseous pollutants and aerosols can be scavenged by appropriate vegetative greenbelts. based on their stomatal properties and the models for contaminant uptake, uptake of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tcdd) by three important indian plant species, viz. eugenia jambolana (jamun), azadirachta indica (neem) and ficus religiosa (peepal), has been estimated. 2,3,7,8-tcdd is a contaminant with severe harmful ecological ramifications. computations show that ficus religiosa has highest uptake cap ... | 2008 | 17874332 |
some nigerian plants of dermatologic importance. | according to the world health organization (who), 80% of the world's population uses medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases and, in african countries, this rate is much higher. in recent years, however, medicinal plants have represented a primary health source for the pharmaceutical industry. no less than 400 compounds derived from plants are currently used in the preparation of drugs, such as vincristine and vinblastine used in the treatment of cancer. nigerians still depend largely on c ... | 2007 | 17919209 |
the effect of mango and neem extract on four organisms causing dental caries: streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivavius, streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study. | chewing twigs of the mango or neem tree is a common way of cleaning the teeth in the rural and semi-urban population. these twigs are also believed to possess medicinal properties. the present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of these chewing sticks on the microorganisms streptococcus mutans , streptococcus salivarius , streptococcus mitis , and streptococcus sanguis which are involved in the development of dental caries. an additional objective was to identify an inexpe ... | 2007 | 17938488 |
in vitro antimicrobial activity of plants used in cambodian traditional medicine. | the purpose of the present study was to screen 27 plant species used in the traditional medicine of cambodia for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. thirty-three methanolic extracts were tested against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium smegmatis and candida albicans. screened by disk diffusion assay, the extracts showed antimicrobial activity especially on gram-positive bacteria. none of the crude methanolic extracts showed activity agai ... | 2007 | 17963325 |
azadirachta indica leaf extract modulates initiation phase of murine forestomach tumorigenesis. | the effects of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) on benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis, b(a)p-dna adduct formation and certain parameters of carcinogen biotransformation system in mice have been reported earlier from our laboratory. in this study, the effects of aaile on the enzymes of b(a)p biotransformation, which play crucial role in initiation of chemical carcinogenesis - aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and uridinediphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (udp-g ... | 2007 | 17970278 |
anthelmintic efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) and the homeopathic product fator vermes in morada nova sheep. | gastrointestinal nematodes are becoming increasingly resistant to the commercial products used to control them. the cost of routine vermifuge applications on herds and the problem of residues in animal products and the environment have prompted research on the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. this work examines the anthelmintic action of neem and the homeopathic product fator vermes in sheep kept in a pasture for 18 months. forty sheep of the morada nova breed were divided into four trea ... | 2008 | 18022188 |
efficacy of crude neem seed kernel extracts against natural infestation of sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis. | this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of crude aqueous-methanol and aqueous extracts of neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel against sarcoptic mange of sheep. crude aqueous-methanol (ame) and aqueous extracts (ae) of neem seed kernel (nsk) were prepared and formulated as 10% and 20% ointments (w/w), using vaseline as vehicle. forty-two lambs of pak karakul breed, having natural infection of sarcoptic mange were divided into seven experimental groups. skin scrapings and clinical examinat ... | 2008 | 18023309 |
antibacterial activity of guava (psidium guajava l.) and neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. | the antibacterial activity of guava (psidium guajava) and neem (azadirachta indica) extracts against 21 strains of foodborne pathogens were determined--listeria monocytogenes (five strains), staphylococcus aureus (four strains), escherichia coli o157:h7 (six strains), salmonella enteritidis (four strains), vibrio parahaemolyticus, and bacillus cereus, and five food spoilage bacteria: pseudomonas aeroginosa, p. putida, alcaligenes faecalis, and aeromonas hydrophila (two strains). guava and neem e ... | 2007 | 18041957 |
study on the effect of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf extract on the growth of aspergillus parasiticus and production of aflatoxin by it at different incubation times. | aflatoxins are secondary metabolites that are produced by toxigenic strains of some aspergillus species on foods. neem plant is a known inhibitor of aflatoxin production. we studied the effects of different concentrations of aqueous neem leaf extract on fungal growth and aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus (nrrl 2999) at different incubation times. the toxigenic fungus was cultured on sucrose low salts medium in the presence of various concentrations of extracts (0.2, 0.8, 3.12, 12.5 ... | 2008 | 18076593 |
neem leaf glycoprotein restores the impaired chemotactic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by maintaining cxcr3/cxcl10 balance. | interaction between cxcl10 and cxcr3 is dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) and hampers chemotaxis of cytotoxic cells at tumor site. in continuation of the demonstration of significant immunomodulatory effects of neem leaf preparation (nlp), the active ingredient of nlp is characterized as a glycoprotein (nlgp). nlgp is responsible for in vivo immunomodulation to restrict the growth of mice tumors. effect of nlgp in rectification of the dysregulated ifn gamma dependent ... | 2008 | 18182249 |
synthesis of natural products from the indian neem tree azadirachta indica. | the synthesis of five natural products (3, 6, 7, 10, and 14), isolated from the indian neem tree azadirachta indica, is reported from a common intermediate (2). the judicious choice of transacetalization conditions allows efficient access to both the azadirachtinin (9 and 10) and the azadirachtin (3, 6, 7, and 14) skeletons. | 2008 | 18193879 |
insect growth regulator effects of azadirachtin and neem oil on survivorship, development and fecundity of aphis glycines (homoptera: aphididae) and its predator, harmonia axyridis (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | aphis glycines matsumura, an invasive insect pest in north american soybeans, is fed upon by a key biological control agent, harmonia axyridis pallas. although biological control is preferentially relied upon to suppress insect pests in organic agriculture, approved insecticides, such as neem, are periodically utilized to reduce damaging pest populations. the authors evaluated direct spray treatments of two neem formulations, azadirachtin and neem seed oil, under controlled conditions for effect ... | 2008 | 18247318 |
effect of some biorational insecticides on spodoptera eridania in organic cabbage. | to reduce pest attack, several biorational products are allowed for use on organic vegetables in brazil. this study investigated eight biorational products applied singly or in combination against spodoptera eridania cramer in field plots of cabbage intercropped with coriander. the treatments were applied once a week over a 5 week period, beginning 34 days after transplanting. the evaluations consisted of counting the larvae of s. eridania on the day before and 7 and 21 days after spraying. the ... | 2008 | 18300205 |
an antimalarial neem leaf extract has both schizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities. | a crude acetone/water (50/50) extract of neem leaves (irab) was evaluated for activity against the asexual (trophozoites/schizonts) and the sexual (gametocytes) forms of the malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum, in vitro. in separate 72 hour cultures of both asexual parasites and mature gametocytes treated with irab (0.5 microg/ml), parasite numbers were less than 50% of the numbers in control cultures, which had 8.0% and 8.5% parasitemia, respectively. in cultures containing 2.5 microg/ml, ... | 2008 | 18356629 |
field study on the efficacy of an extract of neem seed (mite -stop) against the red mite dermanyssus gallinae naturally infecting poultry in egypt. | infestations with the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae represent a major ectoparasite problem in poultry and affects egg and meat production worldwide. the effects of the neem seed product mite-stop against the red poultry mite were investigated. five primitive poultry farms in two small villages in the nile delta and giza district were selected for the study. the neem extract was diluted 1:40 and 1:50 with tap water just prior to use. application of the two dilutions of the provided produc ... | 2008 | 18481087 |
efficacy of neem extract against the blowfly and housefly. | the blowfly, chrysomya megacephala (fabricius), and housefly, musca domestica linnaeus, are ubiquitous insects that have the potential to spread a variety of pathogens to humans and livestock. pest management techniques for populations of these flies are needed. currently, bioinsecticides, particularly those derived from plant origin, have been increasingly evaluated in controlling populations of medically important insects. in this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy and biologi ... | 2008 | 18481088 |
expression of cytokines and respiratory burst activity of milk cells in response to azadirachta indica during bovine mastitis. | the immuno therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extract of azadirachta indica (a. indica) was studied during bovine clinical mastitis (cm). the somatic cell count (scc), total bacterial count (tbc), milk differential leukocyte count (dlc), hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide anion (o(2) (-)) production and interleukin- 2 (il-2) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) cytokines expression were studied before and after intramammary infusion of a. indica extract in diseased cows. the results rev ... | 2009 | 18496763 |
ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of parasitic diseases in livestock in cholistan desert (pakistan). | this study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary medicinal (evm) practices for the treatment of different parasitic diseases of livestock in cholistan desert, pakistan. | 2008 | 18524514 |
field efficacy of azadirachtin-a, tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, neemazal and endosulfan against key pests of okra (abelmoschus esculentus). | background unlike synthetic pesticides, azadirachtin-based neem pesticides are environmentally friendly and are well known for their diverse pest control properties. their use is, however, limited by the instability of azadirachtin, necessitating application at short intervals. the efficacy of relatively stable tetrahydroazadirachtin-a, therefore, needed to be established under field conditions. results: azadirachtin-a (aza-a), its stable derivative tetrahydroazadirachtin-a (tha) and other neem ... | 2008 | 18537118 |
biotransformation of valdecoxib by plant cell cultures. | valdecoxib is a new anti-inflammatory drug that is highly selective for inhibition of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (cox-2). in the present study, biotransformation of valdecoxib was investigated in cell cultures of five medicinal plants, viz., catharanthus roseus, azadirachta indica, capsicum annuum, ervatamia heyneana, and nicotiana tabacum. identification of the biotransformed products was carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection an ... | 2008 | 18556810 |
laboratory evaluation of 3 repellents against anopheles stephensi in the islamic republic of iran. | this study evaluated the repellency effect of 3 topical repellents (permethrin, deet and neem tree extract) against 3-5 day old females of laboratory and field strains of anopheles stephensi. probing/biting rates on the shaved belly of white rabbits were counted. effective dose (ed) 50 and ed95 values were calculated by probit statistic software. the results revealed ed50 values of 0.007, 0.005 and 0.191 mg/cm2 for permethrin, deet and neem, respectively, against the field strain. the figures fo ... | 2008 | 18561716 |
neem leaf glycoprotein helps to generate carcinoembryonic antigen specific anti-tumor immune responses utilizing macrophage-mediated antigen presentation. | in an objective to generate effective carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) specific anti-tumor immune response in swiss mice, cea was presented using macrophages with adjuvant help from neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp). such vaccination generates significantly higher antibody (igg2a) and t cell response than immunization protocol without nlgp. nlgp controls the function of both b cells and macrophages by altering the expressions of various regulatory molecules, like, cd19, cd11b, etc. nlgp also directs c ... | 2008 | 18590789 |
efficacy of local neem extracts for sustainable malaria vector control in an african village. | larval control of malaria vectors has been historically successful in reducing malaria transmission, but largely fell out of favour with the introduction of synthetic insecticides and bed nets. however, an integrated approach to malaria control, including larval control methods, continues to be the best chance for success, in view of insecticide resistance, the behavioural adaptation of the vectors to changing environments and the difficulties of reaching the poorest populations most at risk. la ... | 2008 | 18651964 |
histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical evidences for azadirachta indica-induced apoptosis in benzo(a)pyrene-induced murine forestomach tumors. | the present study reports aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile)-mediated induction of apoptosis in a murine forestomach tumorigenesis model. histochemistry-based quantification of apoptosis revealed enhanced apoptotic index in the forestomach tumors of mice receiving aaile along with benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p). transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of classical morphological features of apoptosis including chromatin condensation/marginalization, nuclear fragmentation, and ... | 2008 | 18652569 |
ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern tanzania. | the use of plant repellents against nuisance biting insects is common and its potential for malaria vector control requires evaluation in areas with different level of malaria endemicity. the essential oils of ocimum suave and ocimum kilimandscharicum were evaluated against malaria vectors in north-eastern tanzania. | 2008 | 18687119 |
fungitoxicity of some higher plants and synergistic activity of their essential oils against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. causing foot-rot disease of barley. | twenty five plant species were screened for their volatile components against hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease of barley (hordeum vulgare). leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides (ca), lippia alba (la), azadirachta indica (ai) and eucalyptus globulus (eg) were found to be strongly toxic. their volatile active factors were isolated in the form of essential oils which were tested for toxicity individually and in six combinations (1:1 v/v) viz. ca-la, ... | 2005 | 18697732 |
nimbolide a limonoid from azadirachta indica inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma (bewo) cells. | we investigated the cytotoxic effects of nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves and flowers of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) on human choriocarcinoma (bewo) cells. treatment with nimbolide resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of bewo cells with ic(50) values of 2.01 and 1.19 microm for 7 and 24 h respectively, accompanied by downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. examination of nuclear morphology revealed fragmentation and condensation indicating apoptos ... | 2009 | 18719855 |
azadirachta indica modulates carcinogen biotransformation and reduced glutathione at peri-initiation phase of benzo(a)pyrene induced murine forestomach tumorigenesis. | the present study evaluated the effects of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) on the activities of certain phase i (cytochrome p450, cytochrome b(5) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase) as well as phase ii (glutathione-s-transferase and udp-glucuronosyl transferase) biotransformation enzymes; and reduced glutathione (gsh) (in forestomach and hepatic tissues) during/after intra-gastric instillations of b(a)p in murine forestomach tumorigenesis bioassay protocol. the activities of phase ... | 2008 | 18729244 |
acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro. | the acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (azadirachta indica) oil against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. a complementary log-log (cll) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. the results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of s. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extra ... | 2008 | 18752898 |
efficacy of azadirachta indica extracts against boophilus microplus. | extracts were prepared from leaf, bark, and seed of azadirachta indica, leaf and seed of prunus persica, bark of mangifera indica, and leaf of psidium guajava and were evaluated against boophilus microplus. of the eight extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the a. indica seed showed very high level of efficacy (80%) after 5 h of treatment. besides the immediate effect on adult ticks, the egg-laying properties of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (p < 0.01) ... | 2008 | 18769940 |
neem seed extract shampoo, wash away louse, an effective plant agent against sarcoptes scabiei mites infesting dogs in egypt. | in the present study, the efficacy of water-free neem seed extract shampoo wash away louse, provided by alpha-biocare gmbh, düsseldorf (germany), was investigated against sarcoptes scabiei infesting dogs in egypt. ten naturally infested dogs were collected from different areas in the nile delta. the occurrence of lesions, hair loss, and skin inflammation were regarded as signs of infestation and proved by detection of adult parasites and their developmental stages in scrapings of infested lesion ... | 2008 | 18769941 |