| outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in burundi. | after a 12-year absence, epidemic typhus has re-emerged among the displaced population of burundi. following the outbreak of civil war in 1993, over 760000 people now inhabit refugee camps, under appalling conditions. a typhus outbreak occurred among prisoners in a jail in n'gozi in 1995. at the time, the disease was not recognised, and was referred to as sutama. reports of sutama among the civilian population date back to late 1995 and, in association with body-louse infestation, the disease ha ... | 1998 | 9717922 |
| detection and removal of head lice with an electronic comb: zapping the louse! | | 1998 | 9753913 |
| laboratory studies of susceptibility and resistance to insecticides in pediculus capitis (anoplura; pediculidae). | the susceptibility of local head lice to permethrin, sumithrin, deltamethrin, and carbaryl was determined by laboratory bioassays in field-collected colonies. head lice collected from the infested heads of children 6-12 yr old were tested within 3 h of collection. the longest survival of control insects in the laboratory was obtained by keeping them in the dark at 18 degrees c and 70-80% rh. the base line susceptibility data obtained for insects collected from children not treated for lice, the ... | 1998 | 9775614 |
| [head lice]. | | 1998 | 9800507 |
| treatment of pediculus humanus var. capitis infestation in cowlitz county, washington, with ivermectin and the licemeister comb. | | 1998 | 9802639 |
| working document combs out guidance on head lice. | | 1998 | 9830791 |
| [bartonella quintana endocarditis. aortic localization and mitral valve abscess]. | bartonella quintana is an exceptionally rare cause of endocarditis. the frequency of this condition is increasing and is probably underestimated because of the difficulty in diagnosing. the clinical context is that of socially deprived classes, the agent of transmission of the germ being body lice. the commonest valve affected is the aortic valve. this infection may also give rise to a mitral annulus abscess, as in this particular case. the diagnosis should be suspected in all cases of endocardi ... | 1998 | 9833092 |
| washing machine usage in remote aboriginal communities. | the use of washing machines was investigated in two remote aboriginal communities in the anangu pitjantjatjara homelands. the aim was to look both at machine reliability and to investigate the health aspect of washing clothes. a total of 39 machines were inspected for wear and component reliability every three months over a one-year period. of these, 10 machines were monitored in detail for water consumption, hours of use and cycles of operation. the machines monitored were speed queen model ea2 ... | 1998 | 9848966 |
| [body lice]. | | 1998 | 9889682 |
| lice and scabies. myths and reality. | scabies mites are only distantly related to human lice. nevertheless, the two groups have much in common as regards to structure and life-style. these similarities result from the two groups using parallel adaptations in order to solve some of the problems of being parasites. understanding these adaptations may help us give better advice. | 1998 | 9891692 |
| chronic bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients. | infection with bartonella quintana can cause trench fever, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis. an outbreak of bacteremia due to b. quintana has been reported among homeless people in seattle, and the seroprevalence is high among homeless people in both the united states and europe. body lice are known to be the vectors of b. quintana. | 1999 | 9895398 |
| evidence based case report: treatment for head lice. | | 1999 | 9933206 |
| body lice as tools for diagnosis and surveillance of reemerging diseases. | body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease: rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus; bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; and borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. a recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to asse ... | 1999 | 9986818 |
| bartonella quintana in body lice collected from homeless persons in russia. | | 1999 | 10081691 |
| [bartonella infection in humans]. | bartonella bacilliformis: among the 3 species of bartonella known to be human pathogens, b. bacilliformis causes carriun's disease, which manifests an acute phase (oroya fever) and a chronic phase marked by benign skin eruption with wart like macules of vascular origin. until 1993, b. bacilliformis was considered to be the only species in bartonella genus. in 1993, species formally in the rochalimaea genus were designated as bartonella species. bartonella quintana: this species causes trench fev ... | 1999 | 10093604 |
| pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the head louse pediculus capitis from israel: implications for control. | in israel, the head louse, pediculus capitis, developed resistance to ddt through the extensive use of this insecticide until the 1980s. in 1991, permethrin was introduced for control of ddt resistant p. capitis in israel, leading to control failure of this pyrethroid insecticide by 1994. pyrethroid resistance of p. capitis in israel extends to phenothrin, which has not been used for louse control. we identified a glutathione s-transferase(gst)-based mechanism of ddt resistance in the israeli he ... | 1999 | 10194754 |
| skin problems and parasites in children: 3--head lice. | head lice are common in children, occur occasionally in women and are rare in men. all social classes are affected. treatment should be reserved for genuine cases of infestation, i.e. where live lice are seen. more research is needed into methods of treating head lice. the school nurse has an important role in educating children, parents and school staff. | 1998 | 10197014 |
| another look at ivermectin in the treatment of scabies and head lice. | | 1999 | 10208630 |
| head lice: prevalence in schoolchildren and insecticide resistance. | | 1999 | 10234166 |
| head lice in pupils of a primary school in australia and implications for control. | anecdotal reports suggest that head lice infestations are a common problem in school-aged children in australia; however, only a few data are available. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in children in an urban australian school. | 1999 | 10321945 |
| head lice can be controlled without application of insecticide lotions. | | 1999 | 10334773 |
| what's eating you? pediculus humanus (head louse and body louse). | head lice remain a common problem worldwide. as resistance to available therapeutic agents can emerge rapidly, there is a need for continued research to find new and better agents. until better agents are available, clinicians may find that rotational therapy, using different agents, may help to slow the emergence of resistance. physical modalities, such as mechanical nit and louse removal and occlusive agents to asphyxiate the lice, should not be ignored, especially in light of our limited ther ... | 1999 | 10349539 |
| school nurses' perceptions of and experiences with head lice. | researchers examined school nurses' perceptions of head lice, perceived self-efficacy in dealing with head lice, and personal experience in reducing head lice problems. survey data from a two-wave mailing from 382 school nurses found most nurses supported a "no-nit" rule of forced absenteeism of any child with nits in their hair (60%). they perceived otc treatments for head lice as very effective in killing adult lice (66%), and 9% perceived them as not effective. nurses had a high efficacy expe ... | 1999 | 10354985 |
| pharmacy-based evaluation and treatment of minor illnesses in a culturally diverse pediatric clinic. | among medically underserved immigrant parents, access to nonprescription medicines for home treatment of minor childhood illnesses may be limited by scarce financial resources or language barriers. | 1999 | 10401807 |
| myths & facts ... about head lice. | | 1999 | 10418502 |
| the epidemiology of head lice and scabies in the uk. | anecdotal evidence suggests that the prevalence of both scabies and head lice is increasing and also that both conditions are becoming refractory to pesticide treatment. using information obtained from the office of national statistics, royal college of general practitioners weekly returns service, department of health, local surveys of school children from bristol and drug sales of insecticides, we have confirmed that there has been a rise in the prevalence of both conditions. we have shown tha ... | 1999 | 10459652 |
| histochemical analysis of the nit of pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | histochemical stainings of head louse nits were performed and observations indicated that the nit sheath was nonchitinous. one discernable membrane composed of hyaluronic acid was established that encircled the larvae within the egg. the structural framework of the egg included a definite lattice around each aeropyle of the operculum, through which oxygen exchange occurred. | 1999 | 10467785 |
| head lice--developing a practical approach. | | 1998 | 10476559 |
| differential permethrin susceptibility of head lice sampled in the united states and borneo. | pediculiasis is treated aggressively in the united states, mainly with permethrin- and pyrethrin-containing pediculicides. increasingly frequent anecdotal reports of treatment failure suggest the emergence of insecticidal resistance by these lice. | 1999 | 10482215 |
| epidemic typhus imported from algeria. | we report epidemic typhus in a french patient returning from algeria. the diagnosis was confirmed by serologic testing and the isolation of rickettsia prowazekii in blood. initially the patient was thought to have typhoid fever. because body lice are prevalent in industrialized regions, the introduction of typhus to pediculosis-endemic areas poses a serious public health risk. | 1999 | 10511530 |
| [epidemic typhus in africa]. | epidemic typhus is caused by a small strictly intracellular virus named rickettsia prowazekii, a member of the rickettsial family. it is transmitted to man by the body louse, pediculus humanus. although now rare in western countries, exanthematic typhus remains common in the southern hemisphere due to poverty, inadequate clothing hygiene, and poor socioeconomic conditions. in africa, outbreaks have historically occurred in burundi, rwanda, southwest ouganda, and ethiopia. the largest outbreak of ... | 1999 | 10546195 |
| eradicating head lice in a nursing home. | | 1999 | 10561891 |
| treatment and prevention of head lice and scabies. | the latest issue of effectiveness matters (box 1) summarises research evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for treating head lice and scabies. it is based on the findings of two systematic reviews carried out by the cochrane infectious diseases review group. | 1999 | 10568974 |
| head lice. | | 1999 | 10582154 |
| evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice. | a rising prevalence of head lice among school children and rising sales of insecticides with anecdotal evidence of their treatment failure, led us to examine whether head lice in bristol and bath were resistant to the insecticides available for treating head lice. ten schools in bristol and bath were visited to collect field samples of head lice. a comparison was made of the survival rates of fully sensitive laboratory reared body lice and field samples of head lice on insecticide exposure. to c ... | 1999 | 10583056 |
| the body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. | the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in eurasia and africa, but currently the disease is found only in ethiopia and neighboring countries. bartone ... | 1999 | 10589908 |
| baseline susceptibility of a laboratory strain of pediculus humanus humanus (anoplura: pediculidae) using a modified world health organization testing protocol. | the world health organization (who) protocol for determining resistance in body lice, pediculus humanus humanus (l.), requires holding lice for long periods, which makes successful execution of the test difficult in field settings. the purpose of this study was to modify the who test procedure to make the holding period of lice shorter and the handling of lice easier. susceptible lice from a laboratory colony were placed in a petri dish containing a paper that had been treated with an insecticid ... | 1999 | 10593101 |
| malathion for treatment of head lice. | | 1999 | 10603987 |
| species-specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of bartonella quintana. | seven species-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bartonella quintana were produced and characterized. the mabs were of the immunoglobulin g class and reacted only with 13 b. quintana strains in indirect microimmunofluorescence and western immunoblotting assays. they did not react with eight other bartonella spp., including bartonella henselae, the most closely related species, and a selected mab did also not react with nine other strains of gram-negative bacteria. the mabs reacted mainly w ... | 2000 | 10618271 |
| new and emerging therapies in pediatric dermatology. | many of the dermatologic conditions for which children seek medical attention are caused by infectious organisms. several medications have recently become available or are on the horizon for the treatment of pediatric skin infections and infestations. treatment of tinea capitis with fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine, antibiotic therapy for staphylococcal skin infections, cidofovir for the treatment of verrucae vulgaris and molluscum contagiosum and ivermectin for scabies and head lice a ... | 2000 | 10626113 |
| scabies and head-lice infestations in different environmental conditions of lower silesia, poland. | a comparison of external parasitic infestations among inhabitants of legnica, wałbrzych, and wrocław districts, in the lower silesia region of poland showed a direct relationship between the high incidence of scabies and low standard ecological indices, as well as social economic setting of the communities. in the years 1990-1997, the highest mean incidences of scabies per 100,000 people (80 and 46) were noted, respectively, in the legnica and wałbrzych districts, compared to only 7.9 in the wro ... | 2000 | 10701586 |
| the science behind head lice treatment. | | 1999 | 10715882 |
| resistance and the control of lice on humans and production animals. | phthiraptera (lice) are specialised insects adapted to parasitise many warm-blooded vertebrates, including domestic animals and humans. often, attempts by the host to alleviate the irritation created by lice, causes derangement of the hair/fur coat. unless treated, this derangement may cause economic losses due to hide damage and/or downgrading of wool/hair/fur. in 1981, application of aqueous insecticide solutions (dipping) for the control of sheep body lice (bovicola ovis) was largely supersed ... | 2000 | 10719122 |
| factors that may be influencing the prevalence of head lice in british school children. | | 2000 | 10723762 |
| testing head lice. | | 2000 | 10743261 |
| current treatments for scabies and pediculosis. | scabies and lice have afflicted man since ancient times. permethrin is generally the treatment of choice for head lice and scabies, because of its residual effect. toxicity and absorption are minimal. ivermectin should be reserved for cases where permethrin fails. | 1999 | 10751840 |
| susceptibility of british head lice, pediculus capitis, to imidacloprid and fipronil. | the head louse, pediculus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae) has developed resistance to organochlorines, the organophosphate malathion and to pyrethroids in the u.k. therefore, headlice from bristol school children were bioassayed against two new insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid. pediculus capitis was fully susceptible to imidacloprid, but it required a relatively high dose and acted slowly. fipronil acted faster at lower dose, but seemed to be affected by cross-resistance in a ... | 2000 | 10759321 |
| squamocin and benzyl benzoate, acaricidal components of uvaria pauci-ovulata bark extracts. | annonaceae have been commonly described in traditional medicine as remedies against head lice and for their insecticidal properties. acaricidal effects of uvaria pauci-ovulata bark extracts were investigated on dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the european house dust mite, and compared with those of benzyl benzoate used as standard acaricidal compound. a dichloromethane extract was the most effective with an ec50 = 0.028 g/m2 after a 24 h period as compared with benzyl benzoate (ec50 = 0.06 g/m2) ... | 2000 | 10763595 |
| patient information. treating and removing head lice. | | 1999 | 10763614 |
| evaluation of four pediculicides against the head lice pediculus h. capitis. | four pediculicides were tested against head lice in-vitro. the lt50 for licid ranged between 10.75 (at conc. 50%) to 25.08 (at conc. 1%). all lice died with conc. 100% within 5 minutes. with malathion, the lt50 ranged between 4.23 to 9.3 at conc. 50% to 1% respectively. all lice died with conc. 57% within 3 minutes. with benzanil, the lt50 ranged between 20.85 to 44.34 at conc. 50% to 1% respectively. all lice died at conc. 2.5% within 10 minutes. with para plus, the lt50 ranged between 18.46 to ... | 2000 | 10786018 |
| interventions for treating headlice. | infection with head lice is a widespread condition in developed and developing countries. infection occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. if left untreated the condition can become intensely irritating and skin infections may occur if the bites are scratched. | 2000 | 10796608 |
| evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice. | | 2000 | 10809890 |
| evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice: reply from authors | | 2000 | 10809891 |
| head lice for a & e nurses. | accident and emergency nurses are in an excellent position to offer skill and advice on the treatment of head lice, from health education to diagnosis and cure to contact tracing. this paper offers guidance on how to detect lice and how to treat infestation. there are a number of treatment options available, including pharmacological and physical treatments. choosing the most appropriate option can be difficult due to reports of 'super nits' resistant to insecticides and lack of data to support ... | 2000 | 10818373 |
| how to manage head lice. | | 2000 | 10832431 |
| head lice: new developments on a controversial issue. | | 1999 | 10855225 |
| ten thousand years of head lice infection. | | 2000 | 10858638 |
| medical exclusion of sick children from child care centers: a plea for reconciliation. | policies for excluding ill children from child care can affect parental absenteeism from the workplace and the utilization of pediatric health care resources. | 2000 | 10881772 |
| factors contributing to the overuse of chemical pesticides in children with persistent head lice. | a growing number of head lice cases, for reasons that are not entirely clear, are repetitive or enduring. despite the emerging phenomena, there has been little in the literature to guide school nurses in their day-to-day struggle with families experiencing head lice infestations that persist despite repeated treatment attempts. children with persistent head lice are at increased risk of overexposure to chemical pesticides from multiple-treatment sources. in addition, school absences for persiste ... | 1999 | 10889684 |
| bartonella quintana and urban trench fever. | contemporary bartonella quintana infections have emerged in diverse regions of the world, predominantly involving socially disadvantaged persons. available data suggest that the human body louse pediculus humanus is the vector for transmission of b. quintana. descriptions of the clinical manifestations associated with contemporary b. quintana infections have varied considerably and include asymptomatic infection, a relapsing febrile illness, headache, leg pain, "culture-negative" endocarditis, a ... | 2000 | 10913410 |
| prevention and treatment of head lice in children. | head louse infestations (pediculosis) are prevalent worldwide. in developed countries, the infestation rate of 4- to 13-year-old children remains high despite preventive efforts. this is due to the existence of numerous ineffective pediculicides, the incorrect use of the effective agents, toxicological concerns and the development of louse strains resistant to insecticides. one of the most effective tools for the prevention and control of lice is the louse comb, which should be used regularly fo ... | 1999 | 10937452 |
| the challenge of choosing a pediculicide. | head lice is the most frequently occurring communicable disease, except for the common cold, among children in the united states. the impact on a family facing the challenge of head lice is tremendous, ranging from emotional to financial distress. challenges also face the health care provider and school personnel. many over-the-counter preparations and prescription products are available to combat head lice. with the alleged advent of pediculicide-resistant head lice, many other products and app ... | 2000 | 10943778 |
| treatment of head lice. | | 2000 | 10950223 |
| comparison of wet combing with malathion for treatment of head lice in the uk: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. | concern about the effectiveness and toxicity of insecticide lotions has led to promotion of mechanical methods to remove head lice. we compared the effectiveness of "bug-busting" (wet combing with a fine-toothed comb) and malathion lotion. | 2000 | 10950230 |
| [epidemiology and control of head lice in israel]. | | 1999 | 10955078 |
| the methodology and operation of a pilot randomized control trial of the effectiveness of the bug busting method against a single application insecticide product for head louse treatment. | a department of health leaflet suggests two treatment methods for head lice: mechanical removal by wet combing; and insecticide lotion/rinses. however, there are no reports in the literature comparing the effectiveness of these two treatment methods and well controlled clinical trials of insecticide treatments are sparse. a pilot randomized control trial of the effectiveness of a specific method of wet combing, 'bug busting', against a single application of a proprietary insecticide product is r ... | 2000 | 10962588 |
| prevalence of skin disorders among male schoolchildren in amman, jordan. | the prevalence of skin disorders and their relation to age and nationality in amman, jordan were determined. eight schools were selected using a simple random technique and a total of 2788 male schoolchildren were examined. the overall prevalence of skin disorders was 19.23%, with leukonychia (36.66%), naevi (12.88%) and head lice (11.01%) being the most common. head lice were found more frequently among the jordanian (11.6%) than non-jordanian (8.3%) schoolchildren. school health departments mu ... | 1999 | 10983535 |
| resistance to insecticides and effect of synergists on permethrin toxicity in pediculus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae) from buenos aires. | permethrin-resistant colonies of pediculus capitis (de geer) from buenos aires were used to establish a resistance profile and to examine resistance mechanisms. all permethrin-resistant head lice (resistance ratio from 52.8 to > 88.7) were also resistant to d-phenothrin (resistance ratio from 40.86 to > 48.39) and deltamethrin (resistance ratio from 16.24 to 38.06). no cross-resistance to carbaryl was found in any of the pyrethroid-resistant p. capitis tested. otherwise, all resistant colonies s ... | 2000 | 11004784 |
| efficacy of 1% permethrin for the treatment of head louse infestations among kosovar refugees. | we assessed the prevalence of head louse infestation and the effectiveness of 1% permethrin against head lice in kosovar refugees. a currently infested case was defined as a person with observable crawling lice (adults or nymphs) or a person with nits on the hair shaft within a quarter-inch of the scalp. of the 1,051 refugees screened upon arrival in the united states, 107 (10%) were infested. crawling lice (adults or nymphs) were observed on 62 (6%) of the individuals examined. refugees with cr ... | 2000 | 11011544 |
| serodiagnosis of louse-borne relapsing fever with glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) from borrelia recurrentis. | human louse-borne relapsing fever occurs in sporadic outbreaks in central and eastern africa that are characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. isolates of the causative agent, borrelia recurrentis, were obtained from the blood of four patients during a recent epidemic of the disease in southern sudan. the glpq gene, encoding glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, from these isolates was sequenced and compared with the glpq sequences obtained from other relapsing-fever spirochetes. ... | 2000 | 11015364 |
| carbaril for head lice. | | 2000 | 11022953 |
| a world wide web-based health resource. survey of missouri school nurses to determine priority health information resources for schoolhealthlink. | two hundred ninety-two school nurses in missouri participated in a mailed survey to aid in the design of schoolhealthlink, a world wide web (www)-based information service for missouri school nurses and children. the nurses identified specific health information resources likely to benefit school nurses and school children and prioritized these resources. the school nurses assigned high priority to 11 types of health information resources: individualized health care plans, emergency care plans, ... | 2000 | 11033674 |
| wet combing versus traditional scalp inspection to detect head lice in schoolchildren: observational study. | | 2000 | 11073509 |
| getting ahead of head lice. | dermatologists are the nominal experts in the management of head lice in australia, yet many dermatologists infrequently treat patients with this condition. most people are managed in the community by school nurses, local council health officers, pharmacists, paediatricians or general practitioners. only a small number will present to the dermatologist and commonly these patients will have tried a variety of treatments and failed to respond. resistance is reported to all of the currently availab ... | 2000 | 11105362 |
| persistent head lice following multiple treatments: evidence for insecticide resistance in pediculus humanus capitis. | viable head lice were found on the scalps of two family members following multiple topical insecticide treatments. the possibility of reinfestation had been reliably excluded. persistent infestation could be diagnosed only after cutting the hair and combing repeatedly, which allowed visualization of juvenile (nymphal) and adult lice. insecticide-resistant headlouse infestations are probably much more common than is generally realised and may persist unnoticed, so that more aggressive approaches ... | 2000 | 11105372 |
| hard data needed on head lice transmission. | | 2000 | 11123459 |
| the route of head lice transmission needs enlightenment for proper epidemiologic evaluations. | | 2000 | 11123460 |
| isoenzymes of human lice: pediculus humanus and p. capitis. | human lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from africa, america and europe were electrophoresed for 28 enzymes, with special interest in metabolic factors likely to be involved with insecticide resistance. zymogram profiles of the body louse (pediculus humanus l. from france and u.s.a.) and the head louse (p. capitis degeer from france, madagascar, mali & senegal) were compared. only esterase two enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and 3 (est-3), showed electrophoretic variation. in our starch gel ele ... | 2000 | 11129706 |
| treatment of head lice. | | 2000 | 11130540 |
| treatment of head lice. | | 2000 | 11130541 |
| treatment of head lice. | | 2000 | 11130542 |
| treatment of head lice. | | 2000 | 11130543 |
| hot water kills head lice experimentally placed on brushes. | | 2000 | 11168672 |
| experimental model of human body louse infection using green fluorescent protein-expressing bartonella quintana. | a laboratory colony of human body lice was experimentally infected by feeding on rabbits made artificially bacteremic with a green fluorescent protein-expressing bartonella quintana. b. quintana was detected in the gut and feces until death but not in the eggs. the life span of the lice was not modified. the rabbit model should provide valuable clues to the role of lice in the transmission of b. quintana. | 2001 | 11179366 |
| head lice resistance: itching that just won't stop. | to evaluate the reports of resistance and cross-resistance to pediculicides in the head louse (pediculus capitis), as well as the mechanisms involved. | 2001 | 11197569 |
| evaluation of the in-vitro pediculicidal action of four known insecticides and three medicinal plant extracts. | human lice is an increasing community health problem worldwide. this is particularly true among school children who spend most of their daytime in crowded areas. four commercially known insecticides and three medicinal plant extracts were studied to evaluate their pediculicidal activities in-vitro. the best result with insecticides was achieved with malathion (lt5o 10.396 and slope function 1.183). the best result with medicinal plant extracts was achieved with neem oil (a. indica) (lt5o 85.27 a ... | 2000 | 11198367 |
| inexpensive head lice comb. | | 2001 | 11207983 |
| head lice infestation: single drug versus combination therapy with one percent permethrin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. | head lice infestation (hli) is a vexing problem for pediatricians and families because lice are becoming resistant to approved antipediculosis agents. | 2001 | 11230611 |
| scanning electron microscopy of adult head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) with focus on clinical implications. | the incidence of head lice infestations in north america is escalating with an estimated 12 million cases of head lice per year despite the existence of insecticidal therapies. | 2000 | 11231195 |
| clinical evidence of lice resistance to over-the-counter products. | over-the-counter insecticidal solutions continue to be the mainstream treatment for most cases of head lice. recorded insecticidal activity 15 years ago was at 100%, with ovicidal kill at 80%. recently scattered accounts of possible resistance have surfaced. | 2000 | 11231198 |
| comparative efficacy of treatments for pediculosis capitis infestations: update 2000. | to evaluate the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of 5 head lice products. | 2001 | 11255326 |
| recommendation to standardize pediculicidal and ovicidal testing for head lice (anoplura: pediculidae). | pediculosis capitis is a prevalent and highly communicable condition infesting millions of elementary school students annually. topical insecticides are the present standard treatment for this condition. because resistance of head lice to insecticides is a growing concern, assessment of efficacy of pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of the various agents is needed for public health interests. given the number of anecdotal and market-driven reported studies, assessment of topical lice therapies ... | 2001 | 11296812 |
| detection and culture of bartonella quintana, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter spp. from decontaminated human body lice. | as part of a survey for trench fever among homeless people in marseilles, france, we attempted isolation of bartonella quintana from body lice. a decontamination protocol of immersion in 70% ethanol with 0.2% iodine was devised and was tested with a laboratory colony of body lice. lice which had been experimentally contaminated with either escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, or acinetobacter spp. were successfully decontaminated, and this process did not prevent the culture of b. quint ... | 2001 | 11325978 |
| lice, nits, and school policy. | the epidemiology of head lice infestation is poorly understood. many schools treat all children with nits as though they are contagious. children with nits but no lice are often removed from school until they are treated and all visible nits are removed. | 2001 | 11331679 |
| persistent head lice following multiple treatments. | | 2001 | 11400694 |
| interventions for treating head lice. | infection with head lice is a widespread condition in developed and developing countries. infection occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. if left untreated the condition can become intensely irritating and skin infections may occur if the bites are scratched. | 2001 | 11405977 |
| head lice infestations in different ethnic groups. | | 2001 | 11422534 |
| the role of community pharmacists in prescribing medication for the treatment of head lice. | the aim of the study was to discover whether the use of community pharmacy, rather than general practice, as the first port of call for suspected head lice infestation would represent an acceptable, effective and cost-reducing means of management in the community. | 2001 | 11450927 |
| levamisole: a safe and economical weapon against pediculosis. | twenty-eight patients with pediculosis capitis, defined as the presence of pruritus, living eggs, and/or lice in the hair, were enrolled in an uncontrolled open pilot study. the subjects were school-age girls (7-12 years old), apparently free of other diseases, and not treated for pediculosis for 4 weeks prior to this study. family contacts were not treated for pediculosis. the mothers of the patients, who had given informed consent, were asked not to use any topical pediculocide on the girls du ... | 2001 | 11454092 |
| eradication of ectoparasites in children. how to treat infestations of lice, scabies, and chiggers. | infestations of head lice, body lice, scabies, and chiggers are common causes of rash and pruritus in children. concern has arisen about development of resistance to often-used treatments, but a comprehensive approach to eradication is usually very effective. in this article, dr potts describes the presentation of ectoparasites and discusses conservative treatment and the safe use of pediculicides. | 2001 | 11467042 |