| richness and diversity of intestinal metazoan communities in brown trout salmo trutta compared to those of eels anguilla anguilla in their european heartlands. | the hypothesis that intestinal helminth communities in freshwater brown trout are dissimilar in composition and structure to those in the european eel was tested by an analysis of component communities from 72 localities and of infracommunities from 34 localities in the british isles and norway. derived indices were then compared with published data from eels. composition of helminth communities differed considerably between the two hosts as a group of 4 species occurred commonly in trout and so ... | 2000 | 11085225 |
| genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) populations from south-western france: data from mitochondrial control region variability. | the genetic relationships between several french atlantic populations of brown trout were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of two parts of the mitochondrial control region. ten mitochondrial haplotypes were identified, separated by a small number of mutations. the distribution of these haplotypes confirmed our hypothesis of the existence of two genetically well-differentiated groups of populations in this area, which has already been ... | 2001 | 11412375 |
| nonuniform accumulation of cadmium and copper in kidneys of wild brown trout (salmo trutta) populations. | cadmium and copper accumulated nonuniformly in the kidney of wild brown trout on a longitudinal gradient as follows: the concentration in head kidney < anterior portion of tail kidney < posterior portion(s) of tail kidney. zinc accumulated uniformly along the length of the kidney. cadmium and copper accumulation in brown trout kidneys was lowest in the head kidney, where hematopoietic tissue dominates, and greatest in posterior tail sections, where filtration tissues dominate. sampling programs ... | 2001 | 11443369 |
| development of thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of the brown trout salmo trutta fario. | the development and adult distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (trhir) neurons in the brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario, was studied with the streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical method. study of embryos, alevin, and juveniles revealed groups of trhir neurons in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon that have not been noted previously in adult teleosts. the earliest trhir cells observed were those of the trigeminal motor nucleus, which expressed this substan ... | 2001 | 11116222 |
| a population analysis of the structure and variability of nor in salmo trutta by ag, cma3 and ish. | an analysis of the variation in the number and location of rdna genes has been carried out in two populations of brown trout (salmo trutta) from poland by using ag and cma3-staining, and rdna in situ hybridisation. we observed an interindividual variation in arm number with nf = 100, 101, and 102. this variation was connected with the size polymorphism of the short (nor-bearing) arm of the chromosome pair 11. the population studied showed a multichromosomal distribution of active nors. atypical ... | 2000 | 11138938 |
| effluent from a sewage treatment works causes changes in serum chemistry of brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | to evaluate the impact of effluent from a sewage treatment works on fish health, serum chemistry variables were investigated in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) held in cages (active monitoring) and wild brown trout (passive monitoring). means of the measured serum parameters of the different treatment groups were close or within normal ranges. however, the results of the active monitoring demonstrated that the serum variables of reference trout held in tap water were clearly different from those o ... | 2001 | 11161688 |
| regional distribution of nitric oxide synthase and nadph-diaphorase activities in the central nervous system of teleosts. | neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) and nadph-diaphorase activities were investigated in discrete areas of the central nervous system of goldfish and brown trout. both species showed a similar distribution pattern of nnos activity with regional differences in all examined areas. telencephalon and hypothalamus showed the highest nnos values, while in the goldfish cerebellum and its valvula nnos was not detectable. in both species, nadph-diaphorase activity showed a lower regional variability, c ... | 2001 | 11368968 |
| haplotype (mtdna) diversity of brown trout salmo trutta in tributaries of the austrian danube: massive introgression of atlantic basin fish--by man or nature? | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in 27 populations of brown trout, salmo trutta l., in austria was investigated by sequencing the 5' end of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region. although all populations are within the danube drainage, 44% of all individuals carried atlantic basin haplotypes. it is argued that the presence of these haplotypes in austria primarily reflects introgression stemming from the stocking of hatchery-reared fish. however, several lines of evidence suggest that som ... | 2001 | 11380880 |
| morphological organ alterations and infectious diseases in brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to polluted river water. | poor water quality is discussed as a major factor causing a decline of brown trout populations in swiss rivers. for our study we have chosen a river in the swiss midlands, where the brown trout population has decreased dramatically during the last 10 yr and where feral fish have shown distinctive pathological alterations. the objective of our study was to investigate whether river water may be responsible for impaired fish health leading to an increased mortality in the river. in an active monit ... | 2001 | 11383563 |
| metallothionein as bioindicator of freshwater metal pollution: european eel and brown trout. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of metallothionein (mt) as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in brown trout and european eel in the field situation. river ferrerias (north spain) provided a good gradient of metal contamination: concentrations of heavy metals were elevated both in water and in sediments at the downstream (polluted) site and were low at the upstream (unpolluted) site. mt levels of brown trout exhibited statistically significant differences between sites. a ... | 2001 | 11386716 |
| toxicity of waters from two streams to early life stages of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.), tested under semi-field conditions. | the development of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) in water of two differently polluted streams and in a control situation was monitored in order to get insights into the impact of anthropogenic chemical stressors on the reproductive success of this fish species indigenous to both streams. the test streams, situated in the south of stuttgart, germany, were the complexly polluted körsch stream and the less polluted krähenbach stream. bypass systems connected to the streams and a laboratory ... | 2001 | 11680753 |
| alternative mating strategies in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | by screening variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) loci, multiple paternity within clutches has been found in wild populations of southern european atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and brown trout (salmo trutta). for atlantic salmon, we determined the relative contribution of alternative male phenotypes to the next generation. individual males that are morphologically juvenile yet sexually mature fertilized a large proportion of eggs, and they thereby contributed to an increase of genetic variabi ... | 2001 | 11396572 |
| allozymic evidence of parapatric differentiation of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) within an atlantic river basin of the iberian peninsula. | the genetic variation of brown trout from duero, one of the main atlantic iberian river basins, was assessed at 34 enzymatic loci in 62 native populations. a strong intrabasin differentiation was detected (g(st) = 0.46; range d: 0-0.066), mainly attributable to the existence of two divergent groups of populations within duero: southern and northern groups. this divergence was mainly a consequence of the unequal distribution of *75 and *100 alleles at smdh-b1,2* isoloci, which were correlated wit ... | 2001 | 11412368 |
| common sculpin cottus gobio as a natural paratenic host of proteocephalus longicollis (cestoda: proteocephalidae), a parasite of salmonids, in europe. | common sculpins cottus gobio l. (pisces: cottidae), from the mlýnský brook near ceské zleby in the sumava national park, southwestern bohemia, czech republic, were found to harbour in their intestines juvenile cestodes proteocephalus longicollis (zeder, 1800), a common parasite of holarctic salmonids, with a prevalence of 60% and intensity of 1 to 11 (mean 5) parasites per fish; undoubtedly, these prey fish serve as paratenic hosts. in this locality, the definitive host of p. longicollis is the ... | 2001 | 11463104 |
| associations and interactions among intestinal helminths of the brown trout, salmo trutta, in northern italy. | species co-occurrences and interspecific associations between intensity of infection were studied in helminth communities of three populations of brown trout, salmo trutta, from northern italy. of the eight helminth species, only four were common enough to be included in the analyses: pomphorhynchus laevis, acanthocephalus anguillae, echinorhynchus truttae and cyathocephalus truncatus. the observed frequencies of co-occurrences of the different species, based on presence/absence data, did not di ... | 2001 | 11818049 |
| population analysis of an unusual nor-site polymorphism in brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | a population analysis of an unusual nor-site polymorphism previously detected in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) from north-western spain was carried out in 225 individuals from 20 native populations from this area. the analysis performed has permitted us to reveal: (i) the ubiquity of this phenomenon in most river basins from nw spain, 13 extra-nors not observed in standard trout being detected; (ii) the rdna constitution of all extra-nors, as confirmed by cma3-staining and rdna-fish, and their c ... | 2001 | 11488966 |
| rapid modulation of na+/k+-atpase activity in osmoregulatory tissues of a salmonid fish. | the effects of cyclic amp on na+/k+-atpase activity were studied in the gill and kidney of the euryhaline brown trout salmo trutta using two different experimental approaches. in the first series of experiments, in situ na+/k+-atpase activity was analyzed by measuring the ouabain-sensitive uptake of non-radioactive rubidium (rb+) into gill cells and blocks of gill and kidney tissue. rubidium uptake was linear for at least 30 min and was significantly inhibited by 1 mmol x l(-1) ouabain. several ... | 2001 | 11171352 |
| the calcium-dependent [3h]acetylcholine release from synaptosomes of brown trout (salmo trutta) optic tectum is inhibited by adenosine a1 receptors: effects of enucleation on a1 receptor density and cholinergic markers. | presynaptic inhibition is one of the major control mechanisms in the cns. previously we reported that a1 adenosine receptors are highly concentrated in the brain, including optic tectum, of trout and that they inhibited the release of glutamate. the optic tectum is heavily innervated by cholinergic nerve terminals. we have investigated whether a1 receptors inhibit the presynaptic release of acetylcholine and whether the inhibition is triggered by calcium. the release of [3h]ach evoked by 30 mm k ... | 2001 | 11172751 |
| modes of salmonid mhc class i and ii evolution differ from the primate paradigm. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) represent two salmonid genera separated for 15--20 million years. cdna sequences were determined for the classical mhc class i heavy chain gene uba and the mhc class ii beta-chain gene dab from 15 rainbow and 10 brown trout. both genes are highly polymorphic in both species and diploid in expression. the mhc class i alleles comprise several highly divergent lineages that are represented in both species and predate genera separati ... | 2001 | 11207285 |
| the environmental consequences of alien species in the swedish lakes mälaren, hjälmaren, vänern and vättern. | twenty alien species have become established in the lakes mälaren, vänern, vättern and hjälmaren. intentional introductions include fish and the signal crayfish from north america, ornamental plants, and the canada goose. unintentional introductions include the crayfish plague introduced with infected crayfish, the zebra mussel, and chinese mitten crab introduced with ballast water. the introduction of pathogens and parasites, in particular the crayfish plague, to the lakes has had the greatest ... | 2001 | 11878025 |
| comparative study of the purification and characterization of the cytosolic glutathione s-transferases from two salmonid species: atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and brown trout (salmo trutta). | in the present report, an efficient method for isolating multiple cytosolic forms of glutathione s-transferases from liver and kidney cytosolic samples of two salmonid species (brown trout and atlantic salmon) is described, and some of the multiple properties of these enzymes are presented. glutathione s-transferases were partially purified by low-pressure affinity chromatography on a column with glutathione coupled to agarose, which retained an average of 89.47% of the total activity. the gst a ... | 2002 | 11879788 |
| use of blood parameters in fish to assess acidic stress and chloride pollution in french running waters. | the study investigated whether plasmatic parameters in fish such as cl- content could serve as physiological indicators to evaluate water quality. the variations of plasma cl- content in two fish species caught in a wide range of rivers representative of the hydrographic system of lorraine (n-e france) were investigated. first, we studied autochthonous populations of chub (leuciscus cephalus) which is a widespread species in the rivers of lorraine. organisms living in highly mineralised rivers ( ... | 2002 | 11996122 |
| metal accumulation and metallothionein in brown trout, salmo trutta, from two norwegian rivers differently contaminated with cd, cu and zn. | in this work we have studied the accumulation of heavy metals in two brown trout (salmo trutta) populations in their natural environment and the participation of metal binding to metallothionein (mt) in this process. cd, cu and zn concentrations, total mt (including cu mt) and cd/zn mt were measured in the gills, liver and kidney of trout inhabiting two rivers, one cu-contaminated and the other cd/zn-contaminated, located at røros, central norway. in both populations, high levels of cu were foun ... | 2001 | 11239832 |
| thermal sensitivity of growth, food intake and activity of juvenile brown trout. | growth rate, food intake and activity of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) were studied at 10 constant temperatures (2.6-22.3 degrees c) and using eight full-sib families. we found between-family differences in growth rate but not significant temperaturexfamily interaction. the effects of temperature were well described by polynomial regressions that allowed the calculation of optima, performance breadths and thermal limits. the obtained values were noticeably higher and the performance bre ... | 2001 | 11240221 |
| partial nucleotide sequences, and routine typing by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, of the brown trout (salmo trutta) lactate dehydrogenase, ldh-c1*90 and *100 alleles. | the cdna nucleotide sequences of the lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh-c1*90 and *100 of brown trout (salmo trutta) were found to differ at position 308 where an a is present in the *100 allele but a g is present in the *90 allele. this base substitution results in an amino acid change from aspartic acid at position 82 in the ldh-c1 100 allozyme to a glycine in the 90 allozyme. since aspartic acid has a net negative charge whilst glycine is uncharged, this is consistent with the electrophoretic ... | 2001 | 11251784 |
| age and longevity in fish, with consideration of the ferox trout. | in the first part of this paper, we review the evolutionary aspects of age and longevity in fish and then summarize the theory of maturity due to ray beverton. this theory allows one to predict age at maturity (and thus a putative point for the onset of senescence) from information on growth rate and mortality rate. we illustrate the application of this theory with data on tilapia species and then discuss the limitations of the theory. in the second part of the paper, we develop an individual ba ... | 2001 | 11295513 |
| the evolutionary history of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) inferred from phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial dna variation. | phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation were used to infer the temporal dynamics of distributional and demographic history of brown trout (salmo trutta). both new and previously published data were analyzed for 1,794 trout from 174 populations. this combined analysis improved our knowledge of the complex evolutionary history of brown trout throughout its native eurasian and north african range of distribution in many ways. it confirmed the exis ... | 2001 | 11308093 |
| presence and development of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of a teleost, the brown trout (salmo trutta fario). | the presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (trhir) amacrine cells is described for the first time in the retina of a teleost. these amacrine cells were mostly located in the inner nuclear layer, with occasional perikarya in the ganglion cell layer. their processes formed a conspicuous plexus at the level of the ganglion cell perikarya. the trhir amacrine cells appeared in posthatching stages, with the total number in retinas of juveniles approximately four times the number of c ... | 2001 | 11165776 |
| cadmium-binding to transferrin in the plasma of the common carp cyprinus carpio. | in this study, it was investigated by autoradiography with radioactive cadmium after western blotting of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, to which proteins cadmium is mainly bound in plasma of common carp cyprinus carpio. the obtained results demonstrate that in carp plasma, cadmium is primarily bound to two high molecular weight proteins. relative small amounts are bound to a protein with m(r) approximately 60000. the other metal-binding protein, with m(r) approximately 70000 and pi approx ... | 2001 | 11166673 |
| receptors for insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) predominate over insulin receptors in skeletal muscle throughout the life cycle of brown trout, salmo trutta. | insulin and igf-i binding has been studied in brown trout (salmo trutta) wheat germ agglutinin semipurified receptors from embryos (organogenesis), larvae (yolk sac), juveniles (2.98 +/- 0.21 g bw) and adults (111.6 +/- 6.92 and 522 +/- 53 g bw). embryos and larvae were sampled at 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization (december 1999 and february 2000) and juvenile and adults were taken simultaneously (july 1999) and under the same feeding conditions to minimize potential nutritional and seasonal ef ... | 2001 | 11316420 |
| experience and social environment influence the ability of young brown trout to forage on live novel prey. | efficient feeding is crucial for the growth, survival and reproductive success of most animals. in artificial-rearing environments, however, animals are deprived of many stimuli normally experienced in the wild, which may alter feeding behaviour, and thus influence their survival and reproductive success upon release in nature. in a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of hatchery rearing on the ability of brown trout, salmo trutta, to capture and consume a novel live prey item. hat ... | 2001 | 11170714 |
| effect of pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) on putative neuromodulators in the intestine of naturally infected salmo trutta. | immunohistochemical and pathological studies were carried out on the digestive tract of parasitized and uninfected specimens of salmo trutta (l.). a total of 124 brown trout were collected on several occasions from 3 tributaries of the brenta river, northern italy. twenty-eight individuals of s. trutta (22.6%) were parasitized with pomphorhynchus laevis (miller, 1776). the occurrence of p. laevis in the trout gut significantly increased the number of endocrine cells immunoreactive to calcitonin ... | 2002 | 12240968 |
| interspecific barriers between salmonids when hybridisation is due to sneak mating. | male sneaking behaviour can lead to interspecific hybridisation if sneakers attempt to fertilise ova in heterospecific mating, contributing to break down of interspecific barriers. in south european rivers, sneaking atlantic salmon males fertilise an important proportion of ova from adult females in heterospecific crosses, up to 65%. in a south french flow-controlled stream, we found that they were able to naturally fertilise brown trout ova in absence of brown trout males. aggressiveness of bro ... | 2002 | 12242645 |
| plasma cortisol concentrations before and after social stress in rainbow trout and brown trout. | two related experiments examined the relationship between plasma cortisol concentrations and the development of social hierarchies in fish. in the first, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, were observed for dominance interactions when confined within single-species pairs for 4, 48, or 168 h. subordinate members of a pair exhibited significantly higher cortisol concentrations than dominant and single fish, but the pattern of cortisol elevation differed between the ... | 2001 | 11331510 |
| the hepatocytes of the brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario): a quantitative study using design-based stereology. | a stereological study was performed on brown trout hepatocytes aiming to disclose whether there are basic gender differences when minimal levels of sex hormones exist, and also to establish a platform for both interspecific comparisons and physiological correlations. we used the so-called "design-based stereology" (with no shape, size or orientation assumptions) and also some new related statistics. two-year-old brown trout were collected in april, and the livers were fixed by perfusion. from li ... | 2001 | 11332698 |
| a probabilistic model for silver bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and assessment of human health risks. | silver (ag) is discharged in wastewater effluents and is also a component in a proposed secondary water disinfectant. a steady-state model was developed to simulate bioaccumulation in aquatic biota and assess ecological and human health risks. trophic levels included phytoplankton, invertebrates, brown trout, and common carp. uptake routes included water, food, or sediment. based on an extensive review of the literature, distributions were derived for most inputs for use in monte carlo simulatio ... | 2001 | 11351445 |
| the major histocompatibility class i locus in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): polymorphism, linkage analysis and protein modelling. | a cdna library screening using the conserved exon 4 of atlantic salmon mhc class i as probe provided the basis for a study on mhc class i polymorphism in a breeding population. twelve different alleles were identified in the 82 dams and sires studied. no individual expressed more than two alleles, which corresponded to the diploid segregation patterns of the polymorphic marker residing within the 3'-untranslated tail. close linkage between the sasa-uba and sasa-tap2b loci strengthens the claim t ... | 2002 | 12439620 |
| distribution of individual inbreeding coefficients, relatedness and influence of stocking on native anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta) population structure. | we examined polymorphism at seven microsatellite loci in 4023 brown trout (salmo trutta) collected from 32 tributaries to the limfjord, denmark (approximately 200 km) and from two hatcheries used for stocking. populations differ in their estimated sizes and stocking histories. mean individual inbreeding coefficients do not differ among locations within rivers. relatedness varies between sites within rivers indicating varied local dynamics at a very small geographical scale. relatedness is someti ... | 2001 | 11555255 |
| naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, yellowstone national park, wyoming, usa. | we investigated the effects of geothermally influenced waters on the distribution of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, in the firehole river and its tributaries in yellowstone national park (wy, usa) from june 1997 to june 1998. geothermal features in the firehole river basin elevate mineral content and temperature in portions of the river and its tributaries. we found concentrations of boron and arsenic to be elevated in geothermally influenced areas compared wi ... | 2001 | 11596769 |
| long-term effective population sizes, temporal stability of genetic composition and potential for local adaptation in anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta) populations. | we examined the long-term temporal (1910s to 1990s) genetic variation at eight microsatellite dna loci in brown trout (salmo trutta l) collected from five anadromous populations in denmark to assess the long-term stability of genetic composition and to estimate effective population sizes (ne). contemporary and historical samples consisted of tissue and archived scales, respectively. pairwise thetast estimates, a hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (amova) and multidimensional scaling ana ... | 2002 | 12453237 |
| extreme genetic differentiation among the remnant populations of marble trout (salmo marmoratus) in slovenia. | populations of the marble trout (salmo marmoratus) have declined critically due to introgression by brown trout (salmo trutta) strains. in order to define strategies for long-term conservation, we examined the genetic structure of the 8 known pure populations using 15 microsatellite loci. the analyses reveal extraordinarily strong genetic differentiation among populations separated by < 15 km, and extremely low levels of intrapopulation genetic variability. as natural recolonization seems highly ... | 2002 | 12453253 |
| exposure of brown trout salmo trutta to a sublethal concentration of copper in soft acidic water: effects upon gas exchange and ammonia accumulation. | the present study was undertaken to answer two questions relating to the exposure of brown trout salmo trutta to sublethal concentrations of copper and low ph (clp) for 96 h. (1) what is the effect of these pollutants on the rate of oxygen consumption (m(o(2))) at different levels of exercise and (2) why does ammonia accumulate within these fish, when the low external ph should favour the diffusion of nh(3) across the gills? mean m(o(2)) of fish in clp and control (normal ph and no added copper) ... | 2003 | 12456705 |
| infectious salmon anaemia virus in wild fish from scotland. | following the outbreak of infectious salmon anaemia (isa) at salmon farms in scotland, uk, a survey was established to determine the extent of infection in wild fish. all fish tested were free from the clinical symptoms of isa. isolations of isav were made from 5 sea trout within areas where isa affected salmon farms were located. evidence for isav in other sea trout was provided by isa rt-pcr diagnostic tests. results from isa rt-pcr tests reveal evidence for isav being present in salmon parr, ... | 2001 | 11678233 |
| evolution of the mitochondrial control region in palaearctic brown trout (salmo trutta) populations: the biogeographical role of the iberian peninsula. | in order to extend present knowledge of brown trout phylogeography in the palaearctic, we analysed the complete mitochondrial d-loop sequence (1025-1027 bp) of all mitochondrial haplotypes of salmo trutta found in the iberian peninsula and one north african haplotype. sequence variation in the mitochondrial control region serves to identify four major haplotype groups within the iberian peninsula, i.e. atlantic, duero, mediterranean and andalusian. including the iberian haplotypes, the five main ... | 2001 | 11703510 |
| biomarkers as diagnostic tools for evaluating effects of unknown past water quality conditions on stream organisms. | the following biomarkers were investigated in stream populations of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and gammarids (gammarus pulex) to determine if crayfish mortality could have been confounded by pollutants: (1) alterations of fish liver ultrastructure, (2) fish gill and kidney histopathology, (3) stress protein (hsp70) expression in fish liver and gills and in gammarids, and (4) changes in various blood parameters of brown trout. in addition, the following measurements were conduct ... | 2002 | 12521141 |
| genetic evidence for mixed origin of recolonized sea trout populations. | anadromous brown trout along the norwegian skagerrak coast are genetically differentiated among streams, and there are indications of further substructuring within some streams. among presumably long-standing populations there is a pattern of increased genetic differentiation with distance, indicating an isolation-by-distance effect. for trout that inhabit streams that have recently been recolonized after the extinction of trout because of acidification, we find evidence for a mixed origin of th ... | 2001 | 11703511 |
| distribution and development of fmrfamide-like immunoreactive neuronal systems in the brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. | the distribution of phe-met-arg-phe-amide (fmrfamide) peptide-immunoreactive (fmrf-ir) cells and fibers in the terminal nerve and central nervous system was investigated in developing stages and adults of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. the first fmrf-ir neurons appeared in the terminal nerve system of 8-mm embryos in and below the olfactory placode. in the brain, fmrf-ir neurons were first observed in the rostral hypothalamus, primordial hypothalamic lobe, mesencephalic laminar nucleus, an ... | 2001 | 11745607 |
| chromosome painting supports lack of homology among sex chromosomes in oncorhynchus, salmo, and salvelinus (salmonidae). | the sex chromosome pair has been identified previously as the largest submetacentric pair in the genome in several species of the genus salvelinus (eastern trouts and chars) including s. namaycush (lake trout) and as a large subtelocentric/acrocentric pair in several species of the genus oncorhynchus (pacific trouts and salmon). sex chromosomes have not been identified in salmo (atlantic salmon and brown trout). two paint probes, one specific for the short arm (yp) and the other for the long arm ... | 2001 | 11841160 |
| gene mapping in fishes: a means to an end. | genetic research in fishes is poised to contribute a vast amount of information on the structural organization and function of vertebrate genomes. recent advances in molecular biology have made possible the widescale characterization of genomes in all living organisms. this includes defining chromosomes at the cytological level down to their linear composition at individual nucleotide base pairs. pioneering gene mapping studies into the genomes of fishes will only serve as the starting point for ... | 2001 | 11841175 |
| ecotoxicology and spatial modeling in population dynamics: an illustration with brown trout. | we developed a multiregion matrix population model to explore how the demography of a hypothetical brown trout population living in a river network varies in response to different spatial scenarios of cadmium contamination. age structure, spatial distribution, and demographic and migration processes are taken into account in the model. chronic or acute cadmium concentrations affect the demographic parameters at the scale of the river range. the outputs of the model constitute population-level en ... | 2003 | 12729204 |
| fish status survey of nordic lakes: effects of acidification, eutrophication and stocking activity on present fish species composition. | the status of fish populations in 3821 lakes in norway, sweden and finland was assessed in 1995-1997. the survey lakes were chosen by stratified random sampling from all (126 482) fennoscandian lakes > or = 0.04 km2. the water chemistry of the lakes was analyzed and information on fish status was obtained by a postal inquiry. fish population losses were most frequent in the most highly acidified region of southern norway and least common in eastern fennoscandia. according to the inquiry results, ... | 2003 | 12733793 |
| isolation and characterisation of rhabdovirus from wild common bream abramis brama, roach rutilus rutilus, farmed brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in northern ireland. | rhabdovirus was isolated from wild common bream abramis brama during a disease outbreak with high mortality in northern ireland during may 1998. rhabdovirus was also isolated at the same time from healthy farmed rainbow oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta on the same stretch of river and 11 mo later from healthy wild bream and roach rutilus rutilus in the same river system. experimental intra-peritoneal infection of bream and mirror carp cyprinus carpio var specularis with 2 of thes ... | 2001 | 11843142 |
| mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) male parr are attracted to ovulated female urine but not to ovarian fluid. | the behavioral responses to urine and ovarian fluids from conspecific and heterospecific ovulated females were studied in mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar) male parr in a two-choice fluviarium. the males reacted differently to the stimulants. they spent more time in water scented by urine from salmon or brown trout (salmo trutta l.) females compared to the time in water with ovarian fluids from salmon females. furthermore, the males were attracted to salmon female urine (different from an ind ... | 2002 | 11868677 |
| comparison of the macroparasite communities of wild and stocked brown trout (salmo trutta l.) in the west of ireland. | the aim of the present study was to compare the helminth infra and component communities of wild and stocked brown trout in lough feeagh, in the west of ireland, and also to examine the establishment and development of helminth communities in stocked brown trout. fish were sampled in may, august and november 1997 and 1998 and an additional sample of wild brown trout was examined in april 1997. in total 217 wild trout and 122 stocked trout were examined. the acanthocephalans acanthocephalus clavu ... | 2002 | 12003067 |
| oogenesis and plasma levels of sex steroids in cultured females of brown trout (salmo trutta linnaeus, 1758) in chile. | naturalized brown trout populations in chile are a valuable genetic resource with aquaculture potential. the oogenesis of a three-year-old brown trout cultured population was studied in southern chile. gonadosomatic index (gsi), oocyte growth, gonadal microscopic characteristics, and plasma levels of estradiol-17beta (e2), testosterone (t), and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-hp) were measured bimonthly for a nine-month period before spawning. the maximum gsi level (22%) was similar to that ... | 2003 | 12840840 |
| effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and a substrate, l-arginine, on the cardiac function of juvenile salmonid fish. | control of cardiac function was investigated juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) using inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (nos), (l-name, ng-nitro-l-arginine and l-nmma, ng-monomethyl-l-arginine) and a substrate of nos (l-arginine). salmonid alevins are excellent models for such studies since they are transparent, the beating heart is easily observed, diffusing distances are small, and they respond within a few seconds to exogenously administer ... | 2003 | 12860052 |
| estimating the long-term effects of stocking domesticated trout into wild brown trout (salmo trutta) populations: an approach using microsatellite dna analysis of historical and contemporary samples. | indigenous salmonid fish gene pools are affected by domesticated conspecifics, derived from aquaculture escapes and deliberate releases. variability was examined at nine microsatellite loci in order to assess the long-term impact of stocking domesticated trout in two brown trout populations. the study was based on analysis of two historical samples (1945-56), represented by old scale collections, and seven contemporary samples (1986-2000). in one population historical and contemporary samples we ... | 2002 | 12030979 |
| physiological regulation of the expression of a glut4 homolog in fish skeletal muscle. | we have recently cloned a glucose transporter from brown trout muscle (btglut) with high sequence homology to mammalian glut4 that is predominantly expressed in red and white skeletal muscle, the two major sites of glucose uptake in trout. to study the physiological regulation of this putative fish glut4, we have investigated the expression of btglut in red and white skeletal muscle of trout in which blood insulin levels have been altered experimentally. the expression of btglut in red muscle in ... | 2002 | 12067841 |
| dynamics of na(+),k(+),2cl(-) cotransporter and na(+),k(+)-atpase expression in the branchial epithelium of brown trout (salmo trutta) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | the dynamics of branchial na(+),k(+),2cl(-) cotransporter (nkcc) and na(+),k(+)-atpase (nka) expression were investigated in brown trout and atlantic salmon during salinity shifts and the parr-smolt transformation, respectively. in the brown trout, western blotting revealed that nkcc and nka abundance increased gradually and in parallel (30- and ten-fold, respectively) after transfer to seawater (sw). the nka hydrolytic activity increased ten-fold after sw-transfer. following back-transfer to fr ... | 2002 | 12115907 |
| the role of nuclear genes in intraspecific evolutionary inference: genealogy of the transferrin gene in the brown trout. | technical and biological hurdles have precluded the retrieval of nuclear gene genealogies within most species. among these obstacles, the possibility of intragenic recombination is one of the most demanding challenges. we studied the utility of nuclear genes for intraspecific evolutionary inferences by selecting a nuclear gene that exhibits patterns of considerable geographic differentiation in the brown trout (salmo trutta) species complex. haplotype variation from a nucleotide sequence of appr ... | 2002 | 12140239 |
| uptake and elimination of radiocaesium in fish and the "size effect.". | a number of hypotheses have previously been developed concerning the rates of uptake and elimination of radiocaesium (137cs) in fish. these include the influence of potassium and other water chemical parameters on both uptake and elimination, and the effect of fish size on accumulation. in order to test these hypotheses, we have assembled a data set comprising more than 1,000 measurements of radiocaesium (137cs) in predatory fish (perch, pike and brown trout) in nine european lakes during the ye ... | 2002 | 12171468 |
| influence of enteric helminths on the distribution of intestinal endocrine cells belonging to the diffuse endocrine system in brown trout, salmo trutta l. | the presence of intestinal helminths in the alimentary canal of brown trout, salmo trutta l., can alter the number of cells that synthesize modulatory peptides. a total of 167 brown trout were collected from tributaries of the river brenta (northern italy), of which 119 (71.3%) specimens were infected with enteric helminths, 28 with the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis müller, 1776 with intensity of infection ranging from 1 to 162 (18.57 +/- 30.79) worms per host and 67 fish with the cestod ... | 2003 | 12962225 |
| [effect of recosen on the heart contractions in fish and, especially, on the electrocardiogram in rhodeus amarus b1., phoxinus laevis l & salmo fario l..]. | | 1953 | 13103466 |
| [study of a strain of erwinia (erwinia salmonis nv. sp.) isolated from a common trout (salmo fario l.)]. | | 1959 | 13804497 |
| evidence for the absence of an endogenous growth rate rhythm in brown trout (salmo trutta linn.). | | 1962 | 13979712 |
| accumulation of calcium and strontium by brown trout from waters in the united kingdom. | | 1963 | 13980551 |
| [histoenzymological research on the caudal neurosecretory system of various teleosts (cyprinus carpio l., tinca tina l. and salmo fario l.)]. | | 1964 | 14184082 |
| [distribution of phospholipids in various regions of the central nervous system of the trout (salmo fario l.)]. | | 1964 | 14219783 |
| occurrence of two species of crepidostomum in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) from north-east ireland, with special reference to crepidostomum metoecus braun 1900. | | 1955 | 14370843 |
| are chemical alarm cues conserved within salmonid fishes? | a wide diversity of fishes possess chemical alarm signalling systems. however, it is not known whether the specific chemicals that act as alarm signals are conserved within most taxonomic groups. in this study we tested whether cross-species responses to chemical alarm signals occurred within salmonid fishes. in separate laboratory experiments, we exposed brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to chemical alarm signals from each o ... | 2001 | 11521402 |
| hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil. | the desaturation and elongation of [1-(14)c]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes from different populations and three different species of salmonids indigenous to scotland, brown trout, atlantic salmon and arctic charr. two groups of fish were sampled, before and after they were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil and a diet containing vegetable oil (a 1:1 blend of linseed and rapeseed oils) for 12 weeks. at each sampling time, fatty acyl desaturation and elongation ... | 2001 | 11544096 |
| unique haplotypes of co-segregating major histocompatibility class ii a and class ii b alleles in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) give rise to diverse class ii genotypes. | sequence-based typing of a breeding population (g1) consisting of 84 atlantic salmon individuals revealed the presence of 7 sasa-daa and 7 sasa-dab expressed alleles. subsequent typing of 1,182 individuals belonging to 33 families showed that sasa-daa and sasa-dab segregate as haplotypes. in total seven unique haplotypes were established, with frequencies in the population studied ranging from 0.01 to 0.49. each haplotype is characterized by a unique minisatellite marker size embedded in the 3' ... | 2002 | 12185536 |
| natural and artificial secondary contact in brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) in the french western pyrenees assessed by allozymes and microsatellites. | analysis of allozyme polymorphism in brown trout (salmo trutta) populations from south-western france shows that two genetically differentiated wild forms (characterised by the ldh-c1*100 and 90 alleles) introgress in this area. as allozymes could not evaluate the impact of stocking in the atlantic basin, microsatellites have been necessary to detect the influence of hatchery fish and to confirm that the observed structure was natural. microsatellites confirm the distinctness of the two wild for ... | 2002 | 12209387 |
| analysis of two igm isotypes in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) possesses two distinct subpopulations of polymeric igm which are separable by anion exchange chromatography. consistent with this finding there are two isotypic igm heavy chain genes, cmua and cmub, in the genome of this species, presumably as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. in the present study it was shown that igm of brown trout (salmo trutta) is also separated into two subpopulations by anion exchange chromatography, while igm of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus m ... | 2002 | 12220889 |
| effects of three fungicides alone and in combination on glutathione s-transferase activity (gst) and cytochrome p-450 (cyp 1a1) in the liver and gill of brown trout (salmo trutta). | in order to evaluate the gill glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity as a biomarker of effect of fungicide exposure in juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta), the fungicides propiconazole [(r,s)-1-[2-(2,4-diclophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioolan-2-ylmetyl]-1h-1,2,4-triazole] and fenpropimorph [(+/-)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-metyl propyl]-2,6 dimetylmorfolinc] were administrated in the water separately and together in a static system (80 microg/l for each pesticide) for 5 days. the combined fungic ... | 2002 | 12408568 |
| interspecific interactions between acanthocephala in the intestine of brown trout: are they more frequent in ireland? | the aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that when the 2 species of acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis and acanthocephalus clavula are found concurrently within the intestine of brown trout under field conditions, they have the potential to interact negatively. evidence has shown that acanthocephala are more likely to exhibit negative interactions with their own and other species, under both field and experimental conditions. furthermore, the likelihood of these interactions is increa ... | 2003 | 14636026 |
| a novel fish rhabdovirus from sweden is closely related to the finnish rhabdovirus 903/87. | a novel rhabdovirus, preliminary designated as the sea trout rhabdovirus 28/97 (strv 28/97), was isolated from sea trout (salmo trutta trutta) in sweden in 1996. the fish showed central nervous symptoms, and at the autopsy petechial bleedings in the mesenteric fat were visible. strv 28/97 was shown to be serologically related to the vesiculotype rhabdovirus 903/87 isolated from brown trout (salmo trutta lacustris) in finland [1,3]. the sequences for the nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, matr ... | 2002 | 12416676 |
| external morphological differences between crepidostomum farionis and crepidostomum metoecus (trematoda: allocreadiidae), parasites of salmonids, as revealed by sem. | scanning electron microscopy examinations of trematode specimens belonging to crepidostomum farionis (o.f. muller, 1784) and c. metoecus braun, 1900, collected from brown trout, salmo trutta fario l., in the czech republic, made it possible to study their surface morphology including details not described previously. the tegument of both species bears numerous characteristic papillae around the oral sucker (in c. metoecus also around the ventral sucker) and the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the ... | 2002 | 12418812 |
| trout population responses to restoration of stream flows. | there are numerous demands for the limited water supplies in the rocky mountain (usa) region, and controversies surrounding instream flows abound. a specific problem involves water diversions (i.e., small dams that shunt water out of stream channels) during the summer irrigation season. we developed an approach to assess the effects of restoration of natural or less-than-natural summer flows on trout that accounts for variation in habitat over long segments of low-gradient, alluvial-valley strea ... | 2003 | 12447581 |
| cerebellar regulation of sensorimotor activity in brown trout. | evoked field potentials were recorded from the mesencephalic ('optic') tectum, cerebellar corpus, midline rhombencephalon, and spinal cord of decerebrated brown trout in response to single electrical shocks given to an optic nerve. evoked responses were also recorded from the rhombencephalon and spinal cord following stimulation (singly and with trains) to the optic tectum and to the cerebellar corpus. the potentials recorded from the tectum in response to optic nerve stimulation were similar in ... | 2002 | 12457082 |
| tuning host specificity during the ontogeny of a fish ectoparasite: behavioural responses to host-induced cues. | the choice between two alternative hosts, brown trout (salmo trutta) and roach (rutilus rutilus), and the response to visual and olfactory cues were studied in the ontogeny of argulus coregoni. the initial preference of the smallest parasites for brighter roach changed at the age of 2 weeks, at the size of about 2 mm, for trout, a typical salmonid host. younger argulids were attracted by a non-specific visual stimulus (white disc over dark background), and they did not respond to olfactory stimu ... | 2004 | 14712391 |
| egg-size evolution in aquatic environments: does oxygen availability constrain size? | selection against large eggs has been proposed for aquatic environments, putatively because large eggs should have more difficulty obtaining the required oxygen. here, we use brown trout (salmo trutta) eggs to provide an experimental test of this hypothesis. at high levels of dissolved oxygen (14 mg l(-1)), egg survival was high and independent of egg size. at low oxygen levels (2.3 mg l(-1)), survival decreased overall, and was higher for large-egged than small-egged siblings. thus, contrary to ... | 2002 | 12495499 |
| comparative genome analysis of the primary sex-determining locus in salmonid fishes. | we compared the y-chromosome linkage maps for four salmonid species (arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus; atlantic salmon, salmo salar; brown trout, salmo trutta; and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and a putative y-linked marker from lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). these species represent the three major genera within the subfamily salmoninae of the salmonidae. the data clearly demonstrate that different y-chromosomes have evolved in each of the species. arrangements of markers proximal to ... | 2003 | 12566405 |
| snps by aflp (sba): a rapid snp isolation strategy for non-model organisms. | despite the great potential of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in evolutionary studies, in particular for inferring population genetic parameters, snp analysis has almost exclusively been limited to humans and 'genomic model' organisms, due to the lack of available sequence data in non-model organisms. here, we describe a rapid and cost effective method to isolate candidate snps in non-model organisms. this snp isolation strategy consists basically in the direct sequencing of amplif ... | 2003 | 12595568 |
| regulation of na+/k+-atpase activity by nitric oxide in the kidney and gill of the brown trout (salmo trutta). | in teleost fish, successful osmoregulation involves controlled ion transport mechanisms in kidney and gill epithelia. in this study, the effect of nitric oxide (no) on na(+)/k(+)-atpase was investigated in vitro in these two tissues in brown trout (salmo trutta) acclimated to freshwater. the no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) inhibited in situ na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity, measured as ouabain-sensitive rb(+) uptake, in both samples of kidney and gill tissue and in isolated gill cells. the effect ... | 2003 | 12654889 |
| measurement of peroxisomal enzyme activities in the liver of brown trout (salmo trutta), using spectrophotometric methods. | this study was aimed primarily at testing in the liver of brown trout (salmo trutta) spectrophotometric methods previously used to measure the activities of catalase and hydrogen peroxide producing oxidases in mammals. to evaluate the influence of temperature on the activities of those peroxisomal enzymes was the second objective. a third goal of this work was the study of enzyme distribution in crude cell fractions of brown trout liver. | 2003 | 12697068 |
| are impacts of an exotic predator on a stream food web influenced by disturbance history? | predatory species have been introduced to habitats spanning a wide range of environmental conditions. to better understand the consequences of predation in natural communities we need to examine how variations in abiotic factors modify the influence of predation. the effects of introduced predators may vary amongst habitats if natural disturbance affects the abundance and taxonomic composition of consumers and their resources, or the predator alters recolonisation after disturbance. we tested wh ... | 2003 | 12774224 |
| top-down and bottom-up processes in grassland and forested streams. | the influence of predatory fish on the structure of stream food webs may be altered by the presence of forest canopy cover, and consequent differences in allochthonous inputs and primary production. eight sites containing introduced brown trout ( salmo trutta) and eight sites that did not were sampled in the cass region, south island, new zealand. for each predator category, half the sites were located in southern beech (nothofagus) forest patches (range of canopy cover, 65-90%) and the other ha ... | 2003 | 12802674 |
| long-term trends in ph, aluminium and dissolved organic carbon in scottish fresh waters; implications for brown trout (salmo trutta) survival. | over the past 30 years upland streams and lochs in scotland have shown significant signs of recovery from acidification, particularly in terms of declining concentrations of non-marine sulphate (nm-so(4)). long-term index sites in central and southwest scotland reveal a significant decline in the concentration of biologically important components, notably acidity (h(+)) and labile (toxic) forms of aluminium (al-l), whilst dissolved organic carbon (doc) and complexed forms of aluminium (al-nl) ha ... | 2003 | 12812737 |
| sub-lethal plasma ammonia accumulation and the exercise performance of salmonids. | the proposal that plasma ammonia accumulation might impair the swimming performance of fish was first made over a decade ago, and has now proven to be the case for a number of salmonid species. the first experimental evidence was indirect, when a negative linear relationship between plasma ammonia concentrations and maximum sustainable swimming speed (u(crit)) was found following the exposure of brown trout (salmo trutta) to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in soft acidic water. since then, n ... | 2003 | 12890542 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| ultrastructure of the body wall of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (nematoda, cystidicolidae) in relation to the histopathology of this nematode in salmonids. | light, scanning and transmission electron microscope examinations of adult cystidicoloides ephemeridarum nematodes, parasitic in the stomach of brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.), revealed that the body wall is composed of a cuticle, a hypodermis and longitudinally oriented somatic musculature. the body cuticle is composed of a trilaminated epicuticle, an outer and inner cortical zone, a median zone with globular bodies and a basal zone consisting of three subzones. massive cuticle in the three ... | 2003 | 12898230 |
| developmental and subcellular effects of chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of ammonia, pah and pcp mixtures in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) early life stages. | brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) early life stages were studied for physiological effects caused by chronic exposure to sub-acute levels of unionised ammonia, a mixture of pcp and pahs, and a combination of ammonia and the mixture of organics during the entire embryonic development. nominal concentrations of tested compounds were based on field data. accumulation data for pahs and pcp in trout tissue reflected respective water concentrations of pcp and pahs. physiological responses were st ... | 2003 | 12932700 |
| development of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the brown trout (salmo trutta fario), with some observations on sexual dimorphism. | the development of galanin-like immunoreactive (gal-ir) cells and fibers was investigated in the brain of brown trout embryos, alevins, juveniles, and adults (some spontaneously releasing their gametes). the earliest gal-ir neurons appeared in the preoptic region and the primordial hypothalamic lobe of 12-mm embryos. after hatching, new gal-ir neurons appeared in the lateral, anterior, and posterior tuberal nuclei, and in late alevins, gal-ir neurons appeared in the area postrema. in juveniles, ... | 2003 | 12949786 |
| microsatellite dna polymorphism in intensely enhanced populations of sea trout ( salmo trutta) in the southern baltic. | sea trout ( salmo trutta) is an anadromous form of brown trout, a commercially important salmonid species in europe. stocking has been used to compensate for the decrease of natural populations and maintenance of fishery and angling catches. over 1.5 million smolts and 4.5 million alevins are released to polish coastal rivers each year. variation at 7 microsatellite loci ( ssa197, ssa171, ssa85, str15, str73, str591, and str543) was used to study genetic polymorphism of spawners returning to 6 r ... | 2003 | 14502395 |
| micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys. | brown trout, salmo trutta, european eel, anguilla anguilla, and european minnow, phoxinus phoxinus, three fish species inhabiting european freshwater ecosystems, were evaluated for their use as in situ pollution biomarkers using the micronucleus test in renal erythrocytes. experimental exposure (by immersion) to different concentrations of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, and cadmium showed that brown trout are more sensitive to the three compounds than minnows and eels. in situ surveys of wild fre ... | 2003 | 14575685 |
| distribution and development of calretinin-like immunoreactivity in the telencephalon of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. | immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate the distribution of calretinin (cr) in the telencephalon of adult and developing brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.). previous immunoblotting analysis of trout brain extracts with a cr antibody revealed a single protein band of 29 kda, similar to that observed in rat brain extracts. in the forebrain of adult trout, cr immunoreactivity was distributed in well-defined cell groups, which allowed us to analyze the cr-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal ... | 2003 | 14595772 |
| antibodies against discocotyle sagittata (monogenea) in farmed trout. | the relationship between discocotyle sagittata intensities and host length, weight and specific anti-parasite antibody titres was studied in 3 year-classes of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta at the end of the annual transmission cycle. antibody titres were significantly higher in infected farmed fish than in naive controls, indicating that infection elicits immunoglobulin production. no correlation was found between host size and parasite burdens, nor betwee ... | 2003 | 14598994 |
| long-term temporal changes of genetic composition in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations inhabiting an unstable environment. | the genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta) populations inhabiting rivers on the island of bornholm in the baltic sea was studied on a spatial and temporal scale. low water levels in the rivers during the summer period are assumed to have a significant impact on the persistence of local populations, possibly resulting in a metapopulation structure. extinctions may, however, also be buffered by a remnant strategy, whereby juveniles escape to river outlets during periods of drought. we com ... | 2003 | 14629391 |
| do migratory or demographic disruptions rule the population impact of pollution in spatial networks? | ecotoxicology supplies environmental quality criteria mainly based on the potential effects of contaminants on demographic rates of natural populations. possible impacts through pollutant-induced disruptions of spatial behaviors are totally neglected. should it be significant to take into account this "second way"? we developed the example of a hypothetical brown trout population living in a river network. we analyzed how behaviors of toxic avoidance or attraction during the spawning migration a ... | 2003 | 14630483 |