| plant volatile eliciting facs in lepidopteran caterpillars, fruit flies, and crickets: a convergent evolution or phylogenetic inheritance? | fatty acid amino acid conjugates (facs), first identified in lepidopteran caterpillar spit as elicitors of plant volatile emission, also have been reported as major components in gut tracts of drosophila melanogaster and cricket teleogryllus taiwanemma. the profile of fac analogs in these two insects was similar to that of tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, showing glutamic acid conjugates predominantly over glutamine conjugates. the physiological function of facs is presumably to enhance nitrogen ... | 2014 | 24744735 |
| degradation of rrna in bm-n cells from the silkworm bombyx mori during abortive infection with heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses. | cell lines derived from the silkworm, bombyx mori, are only permissive for b. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv), with other npvs generally resulting in abortive infection. here, we demonstrate that rrna of b. mori bm-n cells undergoes rapid degradation through site-specific cleavage upon infection with npvs from autographa californica (acmnpv), hyphantria cunea (hycumnpv), spodoptera exigua (semnpv) and spodoptera litura (spltmnpv). no significant decreases in cellular rna were observed in ld652y, ... | 2013 | 23784443 |
| baculovirus lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus iap2 and iap3 do not suppress apoptosis, but trigger apoptosis of insect cells in a transient expression assay. | ld652y cells derived from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, are permissive for productive infection with l. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv), but undergo apoptosis upon infection with various other npvs, including those isolated from bombyx mori, hyphantria cunea, spodoptera exigua, orgyia pseudotsugata, and spodoptera litura. in this study, we examined whether ldmnpv-encoded inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (ld-iap2) and 3 (ld-iap3) are involved in apoptosis suppression in ldmnpv-infected ... | 2012 | 22798056 |
| a new strategy for identification of highly conserved micrornas in non-model insect, spodoptera litura. | the indigenous small non-coding rnas, known as micrornas (mirnas), are important regulators of gene expression and many of them are evolutionarily conserved. whether stem-loop rt-pcr, as a sensitive method, could be utilized to clone conserved mirnas from non-model insects lacks information. here, three mirnas, sli-mir-14, sli-mir-2a and sli-bantam, were cloned from spodoptera litura by stem-loop rt-pcr. two groups of primers were designed, and one of them performed especially well and proved st ... | 2012 | 22312275 |
| molecular characterization of ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) transferrin and its response to parasitoid venturia canescens (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae gravenhorst). | in the present study, we characterized a full-length cdna encoding a putative iron-binding protein transferrin from the lepidopteran mediterranean flour moth (ektrf, 2397 bp). the putative ektrf is 683 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology with other insect transferrins from chilo suppressalis (76%), galleria mellonella (75%), plutella xylostella (72%), manduca sexta (74%), bombyx mori (73%), spodoptera litura and ( ... | 2012 | 22229520 |
| responses of two insect cell lines to starvation: autophagy prevents them from undergoing apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. | the responses of insect cells to starvation and the characteristics of cell death after the depletion of nutrients remain largely unknown. in the present study, we investigated autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in two lepidoptera insect cell lines in response to amino acid starvation. our data demonstrated that starvation induced a significant increase in autophagy in spodoptera litura sl-zsu-1 cells, and cell apoptosis followed autophagy after starvation of more than 48h. however, at an early s ... | 2011 | 21335011 |
| purification and characterization of biliverdin-binding vitellogenin from the hemolymph of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | biliverdin-binding vitellogenin (vg) was purified from adult female hemolymph of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura, by using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. the molecular mass of the protein was 490 kda and it was composed of two 188-kda subunits. three internal amino acid sequences obtained by digestion of the protein with lysylendopeptidase showed high similarity to those of bombyx mori vg, supporting the purified blue protein to be vitellogenin. latroscan analyses demons ... | 2002 | 12173294 |
| intracellular signal transduction of pban action in lepidopteran insects: inhibition of sex pheromone production by compactin, an hmg coa reductase inhibitor. | pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) regulates sex pheromone production in the pheromone glands of many species of female moths. in order to probe the biochemical steps as well as underlying mechanisms regulated by pban, we have tested the effect of chemicals on sex pheromone production by using an in vitro assay. among the chemicals we tested here, compactin, a specific 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg coa) reductase inhibitor, clearly inhibited the pheromone biosynth ... | 1995 | 7480881 |
| a new cell line from the fat body of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera, noctuidae) and detection of lysozyme activity release upon immune stimulation. | a new cell line, designated nias-sl64, was established from the fat body of the fifth instar larvae of the common cutworm spodoptera litura. nias-sl64 cells grew as spindle-shaped and non-adherent cells in the insect-specific cell culture medium mgm-450 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. criterions for the establishment of the nias-sl64 cell line is spindle shape and length (30~90 μm) stabilized after 100 passages. the doubling time of the cells was 24 h at 25°c. lipopolysaccharide signif ... | 2015 | 25172011 |
| an ecogenomic analysis of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in brassica juncea. | upon herbivore feeding, plants emit complex bouquets of induced volatiles that may repel insect herbivores as well as attract parasitoids or predators. due to differences in the temporal dynamics of individual components, the composition of the herbivore-induced plant volatile (hipv) blend changes with time. consequently, the response of insects associated with plants is not constant either. using brassica juncea as the model plant and generalist spodoptera spp. larvae as the inducing herbivore, ... | 2013 | 24219759 |
| enhanced resistance to spodoptera litura in endophyte infected cauliflower plants. | endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of disease, are important mediators of plant-herbivore interactions. these endophytes enhance resistance of host plant against insect herbivores mainly by productions of various alkaloid based defensive compounds in the plant tissue or through alterations of plant nutritional quality. two endophytic fungi, i.e., nigrospora sp. and cladosporium sp., were isolated from tinospora cordifolia (thunb.) miers, a ... | 2013 | 23575013 |
| performance of spodoptera litura fabricius on different host plants: influence of nitrogen and total phenolics of plants and mid-gut esterase activity of the insect. | five host plants [castor, ricinus communis (carolus linnaeus); cotton, gossypium hirsutm (carolus linnaeus); tomato, lycopersicum esculentum (philip miller); mint, mentha arvensis (carolus linnaeus) and cabbage, brassica oleracea (carolus linnaeus)] belonging to different families were used to study the performance of the asian armyworm, spodoptera litura larvae. highest consumption of food and dry weight gain was observed in larvae fed on castor. mint did not support optimum larval growth becau ... | 2003 | 15248492 |
| transgenic tobacco overexpressing tea cdna encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase induces early flowering and provides biotic stress tolerance. | flavan-3-ols contribute significantly to flavonoid content of tea (camellia sinensis l.). dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and anthocyanidin reductase (anr) are known to be key regulatory enzymes of flavan-3-ols biosynthesis. in this study, we have generated the transgenic tobacco overexpressing individually tea cdna csdfr and csanr encoding for dfr and anr to evaluate their influence on developmental and protective abilities of plant against biotic stress. the transgenic lines of csdfr and csa ... | 2013 | 23823500 |
| spatial and temporal expression patterns of diverse pin-ii proteinase inhibitor genes in capsicum annuum linn. | pin-ii type proteinase inhibitor (pi) genes were cloned from fruit and stem tissues of capsicum annuum l. var phule jyoti using primers designed from reported canpi gene sequence (af039398). in total, 21 novel canpis, members of the pin-ii pi family, were identified in the study, with three isoforms of 1-inhibitory repeat domain (ird), eight isoforms of 2-ird, three isoforms of 3-ird, five isoforms of 4-ird and two partial canpi sequences. most of the sequences showed variation (2 to 20%) in the ... | 2009 | 19393726 |
| papain protects papaya trees from herbivorous insects: role of cysteine proteases in latex. | many plants contain latex that exudes when leaves are damaged, and a number of proteins and enzymes have been found in it. the roles of those latex proteins and enzymes are as yet poorly understood. we found that papain, a cysteine protease in latex of the papaya tree (carica papaya, caricaceae), is a crucial factor in the defense of the papaya tree against lepidopteran larvae such as oligophagous samia ricini (saturniidae) and two notorious polyphagous pests, mamestra brassicae (noctuidae) and ... | 2004 | 14731257 |
| antifeedant and larvicidal activities of rhein isolated from the flowers of cassia fistula l. | antifeedant and larvicidal activities of rhein (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid) isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of cassia fistula flower were studied against lepidopteron pests spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera. significant antifeedant activity was observed against h. armigera (76.13%) at 1000 ppm concentration. rhein exhibited larvicidal activity against h. armigera (67.5), s. litura (36.25%) and the lc50 values was 606.50 ppm for h. armigera and 1192.55 ppm for s ... | 2011 | 23961115 |
| description of new mitochondrial genomes (spodoptera litura, noctuoidea and cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pyraloidea) and phylogenetic reconstruction of lepidoptera with the comment on optimization schemes. | we newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes of spodoptera litura and cnaphalocrocis medinalis belonging to lepidoptera to obtain further insight into mitochondrial genome evolution in this group and investigated the influence of optimal strategies on phylogenetic reconstruction of lepidoptera. estimation of p-distances of each mitochondrial gene for available taxonomic levels has shown the highest value in nd6, whereas the lowest values in coi and coii at the nucleotide level, suggesting different ... | 2013 | 24057247 |
| pre-exposures to taro (colocasia esculenta) leaf volatiles enhance the reproductive behaviors in spodoptera litura. | plant volatiles serve as sensory cues for insects to find food and habitats. they are also reported to affect many insect behaviors. in the current study, we determined how exposures to taro (colocasia esculenta) for 24h affect reproductive behaviors in spodoptera litura. further, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate taro volatiles-induced reproductive behavior in s. litura by recording peripheral, behavioral, and neuronal responses of male moths to sex pheromone components (z9,e11-14:oa ... | 2017 | 28336369 |
| demography and consumption of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) reared on cabbage and taro. | spodoptera litura (f.) causes considerable economic damage to multiple agro-crops annually in many countries. in this study, the demography of s. litura reared on cabbage and taro was investigated using the age-stage, two-sex life table at 25±1°c, 60±10% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 12: 12 (l:d) h. our results showed that the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate, and finite rate of population increase on cabbage (1893.1 offspring, 0.2374 d(−1), and 1.2679 d(−1)) were all not signific ... | 2016 | 26578628 |
| growth performance and biometric characteristics of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) reared on different host plants. | spodoptera litura (f.), an important polyphagous insect pest, attacks ca. 300 economic crops in dozens of countries. investigations into its growth and development performance on different host plants can provide an understanding of the potential for increase of s. litura population in the field. we measured the development time, body weight, and head capsule width of s. litura larvae reared on cabbage, taro, peanut, and sesbania, a green manure. larvae reared on cabbage ingested a significantly ... | 2015 | 26453712 |
| target and non-target toxicity of botanical insecticide derived from couroupita guianensis l. flower against generalist herbivore, spodoptera litura fab. and an earthworm, eisenia foetida savigny. | botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling spodoptera litura (f.) and they are target specific, biodegradable, and harmless to mammals. eight natural chemical compounds with larvicidal activity were identified from fraction f6 of c. guianensis flower extract. probit analysis of 95% confidence level exposed an lc50 of 223ppm against s. litura third instar larvae. the growth and development of s. litura was affected in sub-lethal concentrations of fra ... | 2016 | 27476000 |
| toxic effects of couroupita guianensis against spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | laboratory experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of different crude extracts and fractions of couroupita guianensis (lecythidaceae) against spodoptera litura (fabricius). results revealed that hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of c. guianensis showed larvicidal and pupicidal activities against s. litura. maximum larvicidal activity (68.66%) was observed in hexane extract at 5.0% concentration followed by chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, and least lc50 value of 2.6 ... | 2015 | 26013016 |
| effects of green manure cover crops on spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations. | spodoptera litura (f.) is an important pest of numerous agro-economic crops, including green manure cover crops. in taiwan, sesbania (sesbanin roxburghii merr.), sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea l.), and rapeseed (brassicae campestris l. variety chinensis) are the most popular green manure crops; sesbania and sunn hemp are commonly planted in warm seasons, whereas rapeseed is grown in the winter. in this study, life-table data for s. litura reared on these three green manures were collected to evalu ... | 2014 | 25026645 |
| revised stereochemistry of ficifolidione and its biological activities against insects and cells. | ficifolidione (1), a moderately active insecticidal compound from two species of myrtaceae, and its derivatives were synthesized to evaluate their insecticidal activity. x-ray crystallographic analyses and specific rotation values of ficifolidione and its c-4 (2) demonstrated that the structure of ficifolidione differs from the reported absolute structure; that is, the c-4 configuration of ficifolidione should have an s configuration. the reported insecticidal activity of ficifolidione (1) and i ... | 2015 | 25495518 |
| identification and localization of two sensory neuron membrane proteins from spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps), which are located on the dendritic membrane of olfactory sensory neurons (osns), are proposed to be associated with odor reception in insects. recent studies have demonstrated that snmp1 is essential for electrophysiological responses of osns to the sex pheromone, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cva) in drosophila melanogaster. to investigate the function of lepidoptera snmps, we cloned two snmp genes, slitusnmp1 and sltiusnmp2, from spodoptera litura (lepidoptera ... | 2015 | 24757100 |
| binding properties of pheromone-binding protein 1 from the common cutworm spodoptera litura. | pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) were formerly thought to act as passive pheromone carriers. however, recent studies, particularly in drosophila melanogaster, suggest that pbps are involved in the recognition of semiochemicals, thus making ligand-binding studies more meaningful. previously, we cloned three pbps from spodoptera litura (slit), and showed that slitpbp1 is much more abundant than the other two, particularly in male antennae. to investigate the ligand specificity of slitpbp1, we exp ... | 2012 | 22142800 |
| toxicity and physiological effect of quercetin on generalist herbivore, spodoptera litura fab. and a non-target earthworm eisenia fetida savigny. | a novel flavonoid, quercetin, was isolated from the medicinal plant euphorbia hirta l. through chromatography techniques including: tlc, column chromatography, nmr and then screened for toxicity to larvae of spodoptera litura fab. bioassays were used to analyze pupal weight, survival rate, fecundity, egg hatchability, population growth index, nutritional index and histopathology of treated larvae at a range of e. hirta extract concentrations. results of toxicity assays demonstrated that, 6 ppm o ... | 2016 | 27657818 |
| steinernema feltiae (dd-136) and s. glaseri: persistence in soil and bark compost and their influence on native nematodes. | infective juveniles (j3) of the entomogenous nematodes steinernema feltiae dd-136 (ca. 10,000 j3/100 ml) and s. glaseri (ca. 2,500 j3/100 ml) were incubated in steam-sterilized and nonsterilized sandy soil and bark compost for 8 weeks at 25 c. the nematodes were recovered by a two-step extraction procedure at 1-week intervals, and their infectivity to lepidopterous larvae (spodoptera litura and galleria mellonella) and their effect on the population and community of native nematodes in soil were ... | 1986 | 19294183 |
| an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from an endophytic cladosporium sp. with potential as a biocontrol agent. | this study highlights the importance of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as mechanisms for endophyte-mediated resistance to insect pests. one of the major benefits which endophytes confer on plants is providing resistance against insect pests. this built-in defense mechanism of the plant can be used for exploring ecofriendly strategies for pest control. in the present study, 34 endophytic fungi were isolated from tinospora cordifolia and screened for their ability to produce alpha-glucosidase inhibi ... | 2015 | 25432333 |
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and insecticidal activity of an endophytic alternaria sp. from ricinus communis. | keeping in view the vast potential of endophytic fungi to produce bioactive molecules, this study aimed at isolating and screening endophytes for the production of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. fifty-four endophytic fungi were isolated from ricinus communis and screened for their ache inhibitory activity using ellman's colorimetric assay method. six isolates were found to possess ache inhibitory activity with maximum inhibition of 78 % being evinced by culture cas1 which was identified to be ... | 2012 | 22945561 |
| evolutional and functional analysis of a serine protease in spodoptera litura. | spodoptera litura is a threatening agricultural insect in tropical and subtropical areas and accounts for tremendous annual crop losses. as seen in virtually all insect species, serine proteases (sps) are crucial to s. litura. the expression pattern of sps from the midgut of s. litura was studied through expressed sequence tags (ests) analysis. one of sp (slsp1) was chosen for detailed study, because the expression of the gene was midgut and larvae specific. slsp1 was conducted as a model of its ... | 2012 | 22930521 |
| metabolic profiling and biological activities of bioactive compounds produced by pseudomonas sp. strain ictb-745 isolated from ladakh, india. | in an ongoing survey of the bioactive potential of microorganisms from ladakh, india, the culture medium of a bacterial strain of a new pseudomonas sp., strain ictb-745, isolated from an alkaline soil sample collected from leh, ladakh, india, was found to contain metabolites that exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial and biosurfactant activities. bioactivity-guided purification resulted in the isolation of four bioactive compounds. their chemical structures were elucidated by (1)h and (13)c nmr ... | 2012 | 22297221 |
| biochemical characterization of cysteine-rich peptides from oxyopes sp. venom that block calcium ion channels. | oxytoxins (oxytx1 and oxytx2) are disulfide-rich peptides isolated from the venom of the spider oxyopes lineatus that block voltage-sensitive calcium ion channels (vsccs). oxytx1 was identified previously and isolated from the related spider oxyopes kitabensis; however, its pharmacology was unknown. oxytx1 and oxytx2 contain 69 and 55 amino acid residues with molecular masses of 8058.2 and 6175.2da, respectively. oxytoxins contain five disulfide bridges, are amidated at their c-terminus, antagon ... | 2008 | 18606178 |
| a potent insect chitinase inhibitor of fungal origin. | a water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, sphaeropsis sp. tnpt116-cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. it was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kda by gel filtration hplc. monosaccharide analysis showed that it contained glucose, galactose, n-acetylglucosamine and a deoxysugar. this polysaccharide showed potent and spe ... | 2016 | 14713171 |
| weeding volatiles reduce leaf and seed damage to field-grown soybeans and increase seed isoflavones. | field experiments were conducted over 3 years (2012, 2013, and 2015), in which half of the young stage soybean plants were exposed to volatiles from cut goldenrods three times over 2-3 weeks, while the other half remained unexposed. there was a significant reduction in the level of the total leaf damage on exposed soybean plants compared with unexposed ones. in 2015, the proportion of damage to plants by spodoptera litura larvae, a dominant herbivore, was significantly less in the exposed field ... | 2017 | 28134284 |
| inducible de novo biosynthesis of isoflavonoids in soybean leaves by spodoptera litura derived elicitors: tracer techniques aided by high resolution lcms. | isoflavonoids are a characteristic family of natural products in legumes known to mediate a range of plant-biotic interactions. for example, in soybean (glycine max: fabaceae) multiple isoflavones are induced and accumulate in leaves following attack by spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. to quantitatively examine patterns of activated de novo biosynthesis, soybean (var. enrei) leaves were treated with a combination of plant defense elicitors present in s. litura gut content extra ... | 2016 | 27826811 |
| temperature impacts the development and survival of common cutworm (spodoptera litura): simulation and visualization of potential population growth in india under warmer temperatures through life cycle modelling and spatial mapping. | the common cutworm, spodoptera litura, has become a major pest of soybean (glycine max) throughout its indian range. with a changing climate, there is the potential for this insect to become an increasingly severe pest in certain regions due to increased habitat suitability. to examine this possibility, we developed temperature-based phenology model for s. litura, by constructing thermal reaction norms for cohorts of single life stages, at both constant and fluctuating temperatures within the ec ... | 2015 | 25927609 |
| transcriptome analysis of soybean lines reveals transcript diversity and genes involved in the response to common cutworm (spodoptera litura fabricius) feeding. | the interaction between soybeans and the destructive common cutworm insect is complicated. in this paper, the time course of induced responses to common cutworm was characterized in two soybean lines, and the results showed that the induced resistance peaked at different times in the resistant (wx) and susceptible (nn) soybean lines. two sets of transcriptome profiles from the wx and nn lines at the peak of their induced resistance were compared using microarray analysis. in total, 827 and 349 t ... | 2014 | 24506757 |
| genetic analysis of antixenosis resistance to the common cutworm (spodoptera litura fabricius) and its relationship with pubescence characteristics in soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.). | the common cutworm (ccw, spodoptera litura fabricius) is one of the most serious pests of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.). previously, two quantitative trait loci (qtls) for antibiosis resistance to ccw, ccw-1 and ccw-2, were detected in the resistant cultivar himeshirazu. in this study, we conducted an anti-xenosis bioassay using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar fukuyutaka and himeshirazu to perform qtl analysis. two qtls for antixenosis resis ... | 2012 | 23136499 |
| secondary metabolites from glycine soja and their growth inhibitory effect against spodoptera litura. | the wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. et zucc) has been reported to be relatively resistant to insect and pathogenic pests. however, the responsible secondary metabolites in the aerial part of this important plant are largely unknown. from the aerial part of g. soja, 13 compounds were isolated and identified, including seven isoflavonoids (1-7), a cyclitol (8), two sterol derivatives (9 and 10), and three triterpenoids (11-13). compound 7 is a new isoflavonoid, and compounds 9 and 10 are reported ... | 2011 | 21545185 |
| determination and analysis of the genome sequence of spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv), a pathogen of the egyptian cotton leaf worm s. littoralis, was subjected to sequencing of its entire dna genome and bioassay analysis comparing its virulence to that of other baculoviruses. the annotated splimnpv genome of 137,998 bp was found to harbor 132 open reading frames and 15 homologous repeat regions. four unique genes not present in spltmnpv were identified, as were 14 genes that were absent or translocated by comparis ... | 2013 | 23219924 |