| culex mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit zika virus. | we report that two laboratory colonies of culex quinquefasciatus and culex pipiens mosquitoes were experimentally unable to transmit zikv either up to 21 days post an infectious blood meal or up to 14 days post intrathoracic inoculation. infectious viral particles were detected in bodies, heads or saliva by a plaque forming unit assay on vero cells. we therefore consider it unlikely that culex mosquitoes are involved in the rapid spread of zikv. | 0 | 27605159 |
| experimental investigation of the susceptibility of italian culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus infection. | we investigated the susceptibility of an italian population of culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus (zikv) infection, tested in parallel with aedes aegypti, as a positive control. we analysed mosquitoes at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 24 days after an infectious blood meal. viral rna was detected in the body of cx. pipiens up to three days post-infection, but not at later time points. our results indicate that cx. pipiens is not susceptible to zikv infection. | 0 | 27605056 |
| zika in the united states: how are we preparing? | | 0 | 27581255 |
| a comprehensive systems biology approach to studying zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the western hemisphere. we examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 zikv strains representing temporally diverse members of the african lineage, the asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the americas. derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. employment of the m8 model did not ... | 2016 | 27584813 |
| zika virus, french polynesia, south pacific, 2013. | | 0 | 24856001 |
| one-step real-time rt-pcr assays for serotyping dengue virus in clinical samples. | dengue is one of the leading causes of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions and infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (denv1-4) result in a wide range of clinical manifestations. given the geographic expansion of denv1-4, assays for serotyping are needed to be able to perform surveillance and epidemiological studies. in this study, we describe the design and validation of one-step real-time serotype-specific denv rt-pcr assays. | 2015 | 26527283 |
| zika virus outbreak, bahia, brazil. | | 0 | 26401719 |
| value of routine dengue diagnostic tests in urine and saliva specimens. | dengue laboratory diagnosis is essentially based on detection of the virus, its components or antibodies directed against the virus in blood samples. blood, however, may be difficult to draw in some patients, especially in children, and sampling during outbreak investigations or epidemiological studies may face logistical challenges or limited compliance to invasive procedures from subjects. the aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using saliva and urine samples instead of blood fo ... | 2015 | 26406240 |
| detection of entebbe bat virus after 54 years. | entebbe bat virus (entv; flaviviridae: flavivirus), closely related to yellow fever virus, was first isolated from a little free-tailed bat (chaerephon pumilus) in uganda in 1957, but was not detected after that initial isolation. in 2011, we isolated entv from a little free-tailed bat captured from the attic of a house near where it had originally been found. infectious virus was recovered from the spleen and lung, and the viral rna was sequenced and compared with that of the original isolate. ... | 2015 | 26101270 |
| detecting the emergence of novel, zoonotic viruses pathogenic to humans. | rna viruses, with their high potential for mutation and epidemic spread, are the most common class of pathogens found as new causes of human illness. despite great advances made in diagnostic technology since the 1950s, the annual rate at which novel virulent viruses have been found has remained at 2-3. most emerging viruses are zoonoses; they have jumped from mammal or bird hosts to humans. an analysis of virus discovery indicates that the small number of novel viruses discovered annually is an ... | 2014 | 25416679 |
| first case of zika virus infection in a returning canadian traveler. | a woman who recently traveled to thailand came to a local emergency department with a fever and papular rash. she was tested for measles, malaria, and dengue. positive finding for igm antibody against dengue and a failure to seroconvert for igg against dengue for multiple blood samples suggested an alternate flavivirus etiology. amplification of a conserved region of the non-structural protein 5 gene of the genus flavivirus yielded a polymerase chain reaction product with a matching sequence of ... | 2014 | 25294619 |
| risk assessment for yellow fever in western and north-western provinces of zambia. | north-western and western provinces of zambia were reclassified as low-risk areas for yellow fever (yf). however, the current potential for yf transmission in these areas is unclear. | 0 | 25722614 |
| detection of zika virus in urine. | we describe the kinetics of zika virus (zikv) detection in serum and urine samples of 6 patients. urine samples were positive for zikv >10 days after onset of disease, which was a notably longer period than for serum samples. this finding supports the conclusion that urine samples are useful for diagnosis of zikv infections. | 0 | 25530324 |
| zika virus: a new animal model for an arbovirus. | | 2016 | 27149628 |
| zika virus outbreak in rio de janeiro, brazil: clinical characterization, epidemiological and virological aspects. | in 2015, brazil was faced with the cocirculation of three arboviruses of major public health importance. the emergence of zika virus (zikv) presents new challenges to both clinicians and public health authorities. overlapping clinical features between diseases caused by zikv, dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) and the lack of validated serological assays for zikv make accurate diagnosis difficult. | 2016 | 27070912 |
| flavivirus vaccines: innovate, invest, implement. | | 2016 | 27211530 |
| neglected tropical diseases in the anthropocene: the cases of zika, ebola, and other infections. | | 2016 | 27058728 |
| a full-length infectious cdna clone of zika virus from the 2015 epidemic in brazil as a genetic platform for studies of virus-host interactions and vaccine development. | an arthropod-borne virus, zika virus (zikv), has recently emerged as a major human pathogen. associated with complications during perinatal development and guillain-barré syndrome in adults, zikv raises new challenges for understanding the molecular determinants of flavivirus pathogenesis. this underscores the necessity for the development of a reverse genetic system based on an epidemic zikv strain. here, we describe the generation and characterization in cell cultures of an infectious cdna clo ... | 2016 | 27555311 |
| oligomeric viral proteins: small in size, large in presence. | viruses are obligate parasites that rely heavily on host cellular processes for replication. the small number of proteins typically encoded by a virus is faced with selection pressures that lead to the evolution of distinctive structural properties, allowing each protein to maintain its function under constraints such as small genome size, high mutation rate, and rapidly changing fitness conditions. one common strategy for this evolution is to utilize small building blocks to generate protein ol ... | 2016 | 27685368 |
| history, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of zika: a systematic review. | to describe salient epidemiological characteristics of zika virus outbreaks across the world and to examine the clinical presentations, complications, and atypical manifestations related to their occurrence in recent history. | 0 | 26959260 |
| zika virus: anatomy of a global health crisis. | zika virus infection has emerged as the world's newest health threat, linked to microcephaly in infants and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. we address the rapid global spread of this disease, and the prospects for successful prevention and treatment. | 0 | 27069344 |
| zika--how fast does this virus mutate? | the world health organization has declared the present zika virus epidemic to be a 'public health emergency of international concern'. the virus appears to have spread from thailand to french polynesia in 2013, and has since infected over a million people in the countries of south and central america. in most cases the infection is mild and transient, but the virus does appear to be strongly neurotropic and the presumptive cause of both birth defects in fetuses and guillain-barré syndrome in som ... | 0 | 27029869 |
| zika virus: a global threat to humanity: a comprehensive review and current developments. | at present, one of greatest concerns of medical personnel is zika virus (zikv). though it has been reported for quite a long time, its rapid emergence, new modes of transmission, and more importantly, the congenital anomalies associated with it have made the situation worse. it was first detected in 1947. after that, this infection was found in the countries of africa as well as asia. at present, interestingly it has been reported from brazil. microcephaly and intracranial calcification have bee ... | 0 | 27114968 |
| zika virus and the never-ending story of emerging pathogens and transfusion medicine. | in the last few years, the transfusion medicine community has been paying special attention to emerging vector-borne diseases transmitted by arboviruses. zika virus is the latest of these pathogens and is responsible for major outbreaks in africa, asia and, more recently, in previously infection-naïve territories of the pacific area. many issues regarding this emerging pathogen remain unclear and require further investigation. national health authorities have adopted different prevention strateg ... | 2015 | 26674815 |
| inhibition of protein kinase c promotes dengue virus replication. | dengue virus (denv) is a member of the flaviviridae family, transmitted to human via mosquito. denv infection is common in tropical areas and occasionally causes life-threatening symptoms. denv contains a relatively short positive-stranded rna genome, which encodes ten viral proteins. thus, the viral life cycle is necessarily rely on or regulated by host factors. | 2016 | 26931565 |
| consortia's critical role in developing medical countermeasures for re-emerging viral infections: a usa perspective. | viral infections, such as ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome/middle east respiratory syndrome and west nile virus have emerged as a serious health threat with no effective therapies. these infections have little commercial potential and are not a high priority for the pharmaceutical industry. however, the academic community has been active in this area for many years. the challenge is how to take this academic virology knowledge into a drug discovery and development domain. one approach is ... | 2016 | 27325914 |
| kissing-loop interaction between 5' and 3' ends of tick-borne langat virus genome 'bridges the gap' between mosquito- and tick-borne flaviviruses in mechanisms of viral rna cyclization: applications for virus attenuation and vaccine development. | insertion of microrna target sequences into the flavivirus genome results in selective tissue-specific attenuation and host-range restriction of live attenuated vaccine viruses. however, previous strategies for mirna-targeting did not incorporate a mechanism to prevent target elimination under mirna-mediated selective pressure, restricting their use in vaccine development. to overcome this limitation, we developed a new approach for mirna-targeting of tick-borne flavivirus (langat virus, lgtv) i ... | 2016 | 26850640 |
| hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cell-mediated immunity regulation in the immune restoration inflammatory syndrome. | over one third of the patients sero-positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with signs of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and under treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (art), develop the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris). it is not clear what variables are that determine whether a patient with hiv/aids will develop art-related iris, but the best evidence base thus far indicates that hiv/aids patients with low cd4 cell count, and hiv/aids patients w ... | 2016 | 27212842 |
| potent allosteric dengue virus ns5 polymerase inhibitors: mechanism of action and resistance profiling. | flaviviruses comprise major emerging pathogens such as dengue virus (denv) or zika virus (zikv). the flavivirus rna genome is replicated by the rna-dependent-rna polymerase (rdrp) domain of non-structural protein 5 (ns5). this essential enzymatic activity renders the rdrp attractive for antiviral therapy. ns5 synthesizes viral rna via a "de novo" initiation mechanism. crystal structures of the flavivirus rdrp revealed a "closed" conformation reminiscent of a pre-initiation state, with a well ord ... | 2016 | 27500641 |
| navigating the zika panic. | the epidemics of ebola virus in west africa and zika virus in america highlight how viruses can explosively emerge into new territories. these epidemics also exposed how unprepared we are to handle infectious disease emergencies. this is also true when we consider hypothesized new clinical features of infection, such as the associations between zika virus infection and severe neurological disease, including microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome. on the surface, these pathologies appear to be ... | 2016 | 27746903 |
| miscarriage following dengue virus 3 infection in the first six weeks of pregnancy of a dengue virus-naive traveller returning from bali to italy, april 2016. | we report miscarriage following dengue virus (denv)-3 infection in a pregnant woman returning from bali to italy in april 2016. on her arrival, the woman had fever, rash, asthenia and headache. denv rna was detected in plasma and urine samples collected the following day. six days after symptom onset, she had a miscarriage. denv rna was detected in fetal material, but in utero fetal infection cannot be demonstrated due to possible contamination by maternal blood. | 0 | 27526349 |
| preventing zika virus infection during pregnancy using a seasonal window of opportunity for conception. | it has come to light that zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy can result in trans-placental transmission to the fetus along with fetal death, congenital microcephaly, and/or central nervous system (cns) malformations. there are projected to be >9,200,000 births annually in countries with ongoing zikv transmission. in response to the zikv threat, the world health organization (who) is strategically targeting prevention of infection in pregnant women and funding contraception in epidemic ... | 2016 | 27467271 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| inflammation thread runs across medical laboratory specialities. | we work on the assumption that four major specialities or sectors of medical laboratory assays, comprising clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, and microbiology, embraced by genome sequencing techniques, are routinely in use. medical laboratory markers for inflammation serve as model: they are allotted to most fields of medical lab assays including genomics. incessant coding of assays aligns each of them in the long lists of big data. as exemplified with the complement gene family, conta ... | 2016 | 27493451 |
| biodiversity and temporal distribution of immature culicidae in the atlantic forest, rio de janeiro state, brazil. | to increase the knowledge of biodiversity and identify larval habitats used by immature mosquitoes in the atlantic forest, we conducted a study in areas with various stages of preservation within the guapiaçu ecological reserve in cachoeiras de macacu, rio de janeiro state. the culicidae fauna were sampled during february, april, june, august, october, and december 2012; february, march, april, may, june, august, october, and december 2013; and january and march 2014. immature mosquitoes were co ... | 2016 | 27404496 |
| composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo. | the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ... | 2016 | 27402888 |
| surveillance of mosquitoes and selected arthropod-borne viruses in the context of milan expo 2015. | from 1 may 2015 to 31 october 2015 over 20 million visitors from all over the world visited the universal exhibition (expo) hosted by milan (lombardy region, italy), raising concerns about the possible introduction of mosquito-borne diseases from endemic countries. the entomological surveillance protocol performed in lombardy over the last three years was implemented in the expo area and in the two major regional airports using both center for disease control co₂ and biogents sentinel traps. thi ... | 2016 | 27399756 |
| inhibitory antibodies targeting emerging viruses: advancements and mechanisms. | from ebola virus outbreaks in western africa to the introduction of chikungunya and zika viruses in the americas, new and neglected viruses continue to emerge and spread around the world. due to a lack of existing vaccines or specific therapeutics, little other than supportive care and attempts to interrupt transmission can be provided during initial outbreaks. this has prompted a shift in vaccine design and development to identify novel epitopes and mechanisms of protection that may offer a bro ... | 2016 | 27226280 |
| zika virus: an emergence of a new arbovirus. | the world is facing a new pandemic in progress due to a mosquito-borne flavivirus popularly known as zika virus. the emergence of this new virus is really alarming with the sudden increment in the cases of microcephaly reported from brazil. the findings attributing the involvement of zika virus as the reason for congenital deformations in the babies born in afflicted areas have really shocked the world. the present knowledge about this virus is very limited and in the absence of further studies ... | 2016 | 27630846 |
| roots, not parachutes: research collaborations combat outbreaks. | recent infectious disease epidemics illustrate how health systems failures anywhere can create disease vulnerabilities everywhere. we must therefore prioritize investments in health care infrastructure in outbreak-prone regions of the world. we describe how "rooted" research collaborations can establish capacity for pathogen surveillance and facilitate rapid outbreak responses. | 0 | 27368093 |
| zika virus: facts, prevention strategies, and an informed tourist perspective. | | 2016 | 27403008 |
| a rhesus macaque model of asian-lineage zika virus infection. | infection with asian-lineage zika virus (zikv) has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. animal models of infection are thus urgently needed. here we show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to infection by an asian-lineage zikv closely related to strains currently circulating in the americas. following subcutaneous inoculation, zikv rna is detected in plasma 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) in all animals (n=8 ... | 2016 | 27352279 |
| infectivity of immature neurons to zika virus: a link to congenital zika syndrome. | epidemiological data strongly suggest that microcephaly cases in brazil are associated with the ongoing epidemic of zika virus (zikv). in order to further solidify the possible link, we investigated the infectivity of zikv using various neuroblastoma (nb) cell lines. | 2016 | 27364784 |
| spatial and temporal hot spots of aedes albopictus abundance inside and outside a south european metropolitan area. | aedes albopictus is a tropical invasive species which in the last decades spread worldwide, also colonizing temperate regions of europe and us, where it has become a public health concern due to its ability to transmit exotic arboviruses, as well as severe nuisance problems due to its aggressive daytime outdoor biting behaviour. while several studies have been carried out in order to predict the potential limits of the species expansions based on eco-climatic parameters, few studies have so far ... | 2016 | 27333276 |
| clinical survey of dengue virus circulation in the republic of djibouti between 2011 and 2014 identifies serotype 3 epidemic and recommends clinical diagnosis guidelines for resource limited settings. | dengue virus is endemic globally, throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions. while the number of epidemics due to the four denv serotypes is pronounced in east africa, the total number of cases reported in africa (16 million infections) remained at low levels compared to asia (70 million infections). the french armed forces health service provides epidemiological surveillance support in the republic of djibouti through the bouffard military hospital. between 2011 and 2014, clinical and biolog ... | 2016 | 27322644 |
| emerging arboviruses and public health challenges in brazil. | environmental modification by anthropogenic actions, disordered urban growth, globalization of international exchange and climate change are some factors that help the emergence and dissemination of human infectious diseases transmitted by vectors. this review discusses the recent entry of three arboviruses in brazil: chikungunya, west nile, and zika virus, focusing on the challenges for the country's public health. the brazilian population is exposed to infections caused by these three arboviru ... | 0 | 27355468 |
| first imported case of zika virus infection into korea. | since zika virus has been spreading rapidly in the americas from 2015, the outbreak of zika virus infection becomes a global health emergency because it can cause neurological complications and adverse fetal outcome including microcephaly. here, we report clinical manifestations and virus isolation findings from a case of zika virus infection imported from brazil. the patient, 43-year-old korean man, developed fever, myalgia, eyeball pain, and maculopapular rash, but not neurological manifestati ... | 2016 | 27366020 |
| prospective study of pregnancy and newborn outcomes in mothers with west nile illness during pregnancy. | a previous case report of west nile virus (wnv) illness during pregnancy suggested that wnv could be a cause of congenital defects. we performed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women with wnv illness to increase our knowledge of the effects of wnv illness during pregnancy. | 2016 | 27223334 |
| structure and ligand-binding mechanism of a cysteinyl leukotriene-binding protein from a blood-feeding disease vector. | blood-feeding disease vectors mitigate the negative effects of hemostasis and inflammation through the binding of small-molecule agonists of these processes by salivary proteins. in this study, a lipocalin protein family member (ltbp1) from the saliva of rhodnius prolixus, a vector of the pathogen trypanosoma cruzi, is shown to sequester cysteinyl leukotrienes during feeding to inhibit immediate inflammatory responses. calorimetric binding experiments showed that ltbp1 binds leukotrienes c4 (ltc ... | 2016 | 27124118 |
| new diagnostic strategies in infection safety: the (r)evolution? | | 2016 | 27403086 |
| four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases. | arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ... | 2016 | 26903031 |
| zika. an emerging teratogenic virus. | [no abstract available]. | 0 | 27464857 |
| the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti. | zika virus (zikv) is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the americas. there are no effective antiviral therapies or licensed vaccines for this virus, and mosquito control strategies have not been adequate to contain the virus. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (denv) transmission; however, e ... | 2016 | 27364935 |
| the threat of zika virus in sub-saharan africa - the need to remain vigilant. | | 2016 | 27303663 |
| public health round-up. | | 2016 | 27147758 |
| the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti. | new approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (chikv) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue viru ... | 2016 | 27124663 |
| unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster. | arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate. | 2016 | 26911930 |
| development and validation of an elisa kit (yf mac-hd) to detect igm to yellow fever virus. | yellow fever virus (yfv) is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, with around 180,000 human infections a year occurring in africa. serologic testing is the chief laboratory diagnostic means of identifying an outbreak and to inform the decision to commence a vaccination campaign. the world health organization disseminates the reagents for yfv testing to african reference laboratories, and the us centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) is charged with producing and pr ... | 2015 | 26342907 |
| impact of climate and mosquito vector abundance on sylvatic arbovirus circulation dynamics in senegal. | sylvatic arboviruses have been isolated in senegal over the last 50 years. the ecological drivers of the pattern and frequency of virus infection in these species are largely unknown. we used time series analysis and bayesian hierarchical count modeling on a long-term arbovirus dataset to test associations between mosquito abundance, weather variables, and the frequency of isolation of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses. we found little correlation between mosquito abundance and ... | 2014 | 25404071 |
| studies on the species composition and relative abundance of mosquitoes of mpigi district, central uganda. | prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks and planning for appropriate control interventions require knowledge of the mosquito vectors involved. although mosquito surveys have been conducted in different regions of uganda since the mid 30's such studies have not been carried out in mpigi district. in october 2011, we conducted mosquito collections in mpigi district to determine species composition and relative abundance of the different species. the survey was conducted in four villages, njeru, ... | 0 | 26346305 |
| encephalitis caused by chikungunya virus in a traveler from the kingdom of tonga. | febrile travelers from countries with unique endemic pathogens pose a significant diagnostic challenge. in this report, we describe the case of a tongan man presenting with fever, rash, and altered mental status. the diagnosis of chikungunya encephalitis was made using a laboratory-developed real-time rt-pcr and serologic testing. | 2014 | 24958800 |
| zika virus in gabon (central africa)--2007: a new threat from aedes albopictus? | chikungunya and dengue viruses emerged in gabon in 2007, with large outbreaks primarily affecting the capital libreville and several northern towns. both viruses subsequently spread to the south-east of the country, with new outbreaks occurring in 2010. the mosquito species aedes albopictus, that was known as a secondary vector for both viruses, recently invaded the country and was the primary vector involved in the gabonese outbreaks. we conducted a retrospective study of human sera and mosquit ... | 2014 | 24516683 |
| chikungunya virus imported into french polynesia, 2014. | | 0 | 25271852 |
| comparative normal mode analysis of the dynamics of denv and zikv capsids. | key steps in the life cycle of a virus, such as the fusion event as the virus infects a host cell and its maturation process, relate to an intricate interplay between the structure and the dynamics of its constituent proteins, especially those that define its capsid, much akin to an envelope that protects its genomic material. we present a comprehensive, comparative analysis of such interplay for the capsids of two viruses from the flaviviridae family, dengue (denv) and zika (zikv). we use for t ... | 2016 | 28083537 |
| development of a zika virus infection model in cynomolgus macaques. | limited availability of indian rhesus macaques (irm) is a bottleneck to study zika virus (zikv) pathogenesis and evaluation of appropriate control measures in non-human primates. to address these issues, we report here the mauritian cynomolgus macaque (mcm) model for zikv infection. in brief, six mcms (seronegative for dengue and zikv) were subdivided into three cohorts with a male and female each and challenged with different doses of asian [prvabc59 (puerto rico) or fss13025 (cambodia)] or afr ... | 2016 | 28066354 |
| the influence of urbanization modes on the spatial circulation of flaviviruses within ouagadougou (burkina faso). | dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. although this virus has been reported for a long time, its significance within the burden of diseases in west africa is not obvious, especially in burkina faso. our objective was to evaluate flavivirus presence in ouagadougou (burkina faso) and the link between anti-flavivirus antibody seroprevalence and urbanization modes. a population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 3015 children were enrolled from ouagadougou dist ... | 2016 | 27973402 |
| detection of human anti-zika virus igg by elisa using an antigen from in vitro infected vero cells: preliminary results. | zika virus (zkv) infection is a huge public health problem in brazil because of the increased incidence of microcephaly in neonates from infected mothers. detection of specific igg antibodies in maternal serum samples constitutes an important approach for diagnosing zkv infection and evaluating its relationship with neonatal microcephaly. however, as there is no serological test produced in brazil to detect igm and igg antibodies against zkv, we sought to examine specific igg in serum samples fr ... | 2016 | 27982355 |
| invasive mutualisms between a plant pathogen and insect vectors in the middle east and brazil. | complex multi-trophic interactions in vectorborne diseases limit our understanding and ability to predict outbreaks. arthropod-vectored pathogens are especially problematic, with the potential for novel interspecific interactions during invasions. variations and novelties in plant-arthropod-pathogen triumvirates present significant threats to global food security. we examined aspects of a phytoplasma pathogen of citrus across two continents. 'candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia' causes witches' ... | 2016 | 28083099 |
| molecular characterisation of chikungunya virus infections in trinidad and comparison of clinical and laboratory features with dengue and other acute febrile cases. | local transmission of chikungunya virus (chikv) was first documented in trinidad and tobago (t&t) in july 2014 preceding a large epidemic. at initial presentation, it is difficult to distinguish chikungunya fever (chikf) from other acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (aufis), including life-threatening dengue disease. we characterised and compared dengue virus (denv) and chikv infections in 158 patients presenting with suspected dengue fever (df) and chikf at a major hospital in t&t, and pe ... | 2015 | 26580074 |
| epidemiological scenario of dengue in brazil. | dengue is the most important reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. it is caused by any of four dengue virus types or serotypes (denv-1 to denv-4) and is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus aedes. ecological changes have favored the geographic expansion of the vector and, since the dengue pandemic in the asian and pacific regions, the infection became widely distributed worldwide, reaching brazil in 1845. the incidence of dengue in brazil has been frequently high, and the number ... | 2015 | 26413514 |
| virology, epidemiology and pathology of glossina hytrosavirus, and its control prospects in laboratory colonies of the tsetse fly, glossina pallidipes (diptera; glossinidae). | the glossina hytrosavirus (family hytrosaviridae) is a double-stranded dna virus with rod-shaped, enveloped virions. its 190 kbp genome encodes 160 putative open reading frames. the virus replicates in the nucleus, and acquires a fragile envelope in the cell cytoplasm. glossina hytrosavirus was first isolated from hypertrophied salivary glands of the tsetse fly, glossina pallidipes austen (diptera; glossinidae) collected in kenya in 1986. a certain proportion of laboratory g. pallidipes flies in ... | 2013 | 26462422 |
| distribution of mosquito larvae on kosrae island, kosrae state, the federated states of micronesia. | surveys of mosquito larvae were carried out in six areas of kosrae island, kosrae state, the federated states of micronesia in december 2009 and june 2012. a total of 962 larvae of six species were collected from 106 natural and artificial habitats. they were identified as aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. marshallensis, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. annulirostris, and cx. kusaiensis. this is the first report from kosrae island for three of these species-ae. marshallensis, cx. quinquefasciatus, a ... | 2013 | 24478593 |
| comparative analysis of dengue and zika outbreaks reveals differences by setting and virus. | the pacific islands of micronesia have experienced several outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases over the past decade. in outbreaks on small islands, the susceptible population is usually well defined, and there is no co-circulation of pathogens. because of this, analysing such outbreaks can be useful for understanding the transmission dynamics of the pathogens involved, and particularly so for yet understudied pathogens such as zika virus. here, we compared three outbreaks of dengue and zika vir ... | 2016 | 27926933 |
| zika virus infection in the central nervous system and female genital tract. | | 2016 | 27617352 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage bias of zika virus and its adaption to the hosts. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne virus (arbovirus) in the family flaviviridae, and the symptoms caused by zikv infection in humans include rash, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia and conjunctivitis. codon usage bias analysis can reveal much about the molecular evolution and host adaption of zikv. to gain insight into the evolutionary characteristics of zikv, we performed a comprehensive analysis on the codon usage pattern in 46 zikv strains by calculating the effective number of codons ( ... | 2016 | 27893824 |
| susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus resistant to ddt and deltamethrin in the central african republic. | aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are the main epidemic vectors of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses worldwide. their control during epidemics relies mainly on control of larvae and adults with insecticides. unfortunately, loss of susceptibility of both species to several insecticide classes limits the efficacy of interventions. in africa, where aedes-borne viruses are of growing concern, few data are available on resistance to insecticides. to fill this gap, we assessed the susceptibility to ... | 2016 | 27881148 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies against native viral proteins using antigen-expressing mammalian cells for mouse immunization. | due to their rising incidence and progressive geographical spread, infections with mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue (denv), chikungunya and zika virus, have developed into major public health challenges. since all of these viruses may cause similar symptoms and can occur in concurrent epidemics, tools for their differential diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring are of urgent need. | 2016 | 27876044 |
| the inevitable colonisation of singapore by zika virus. | singapore is endemic for dengue virus, with approximately 10,000 to 20,000 annual cases reported in recent years. in 2012, chikungunya was introduced, although the numbers of cases reported is much fewer. the current zika virus pandemic originating in brazil represents a threat to all regions with aedes mosquitoes, particularly those well connected by travellers. in this respect, it was felt inevitable that singapore would eventually realise its third endemic flavivirus. in late august 2016, a p ... | 2016 | 27866470 |
| detection of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in selected regions of kenya: 2011-2014. | dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is associated with illness of varying severity in countries in the tropics and sub tropics. dengue cases continue to be detected more frequently and its geographic range continues to expand. we report the largest documented laboratory confirmed circulation of dengue virus in parts of kenya since 1982. | 2016 | 27814732 |
| comprehensive dna methylation analysis of the aedes aegypti genome. | aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors of viral diseases. mosquito host factors play key roles in virus control and it has been suggested that dengue virus replication is regulated by dnmt2-mediated dna methylation. however, recent studies have shown that dnmt2 is a trna methyltransferase and that dnmt2-dependent methylomes lack defined dna methylation patterns, thus necessitating a systematic re-evaluation of the mosquito genome methylation status. we have now searched the ae. aegypti g ... | 2016 | 27805064 |
| zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out. | after a 40-year hiatus, the international congress of entomology (ice 2016) convened in orlando, florida (september 25-30, 2016). one of the symposia at ice 2016, the zika symposium, covered multiple aspects of the zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. while there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, is a vector of the zika virus, there is growing eviden ... | 2016 | 27853521 |
| precisely molded nanoparticle displaying denv-e proteins induces robust serotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses. | dengue virus (denv) is the causative agent of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. the virus is endemic in over 120 countries, causing over 350 million infections per year. dengue vaccine development is challenging because of the need to induce simultaneous protection against four antigenically distinct denv serotypes and evidence that, under some conditions, vaccination can enhance disease due to specific immunity to the virus. while several live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus vaccin ... | 2016 | 27764114 |
| high frequency of pre-existing neutralizing antibody responses in patients with dengue during an outbreak in central brazil. | this study aims to identify dengue neutralizing antibody response in patients with dengue from a well-characterized cohort during an outbreak in central brazil, 2012-2013. | 2016 | 27717314 |
| zika virus-associated brain damage: animal models and open issues. | | 2016 | 27651092 |
| epidemiologic investigation of a family cluster of imported zikv cases in guangdong, china: probable human-to-human transmission. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that can potentially threaten south china. a chinese family of four returning from venezuela to china was found to be positive for zikv when the youngest son's fever was first detected at an airport immigration inspection. they were isolated temporarily in a local hospital in enping city, guangdong province, where their clinical data were recorded and urine and saliva were collected to isolate zikv and to obtain viral sequences. all of t ... | 2016 | 27599469 |
| measuring haitian children's exposure to chikungunya, dengue and malaria. | to differentiate exposure to the newly introduced chikungunya virus from exposure to endemic dengue virus and other pathogens in haiti. | 2016 | 27821884 |
| viremia and clinical presentation in nicaraguan patients infected with zika virus, chikungunya virus, and dengue virus. | zika virus (zikv), chikungunya virus (chikv), and dengue virus (denv) cocirculate in nicaragua. in this study, we sought to compare the quantified viremia and clinical presentation of patients infected with 1 or more of these viruses. | 2016 | 27578819 |
| infection dynamics in a traveller with persistent shedding of zika virus rna in semen for six months after returning from haiti to italy, january 2016. | we describe the dynamics of zika virus (zikv) infection in a man in his early 40s who developed fever and rash after returning from haiti to italy, in january 2016. follow-up laboratory testing demonstrated detectable zikv rna in plasma up to day 9 after symptom onset and in urine and saliva up to days 15 and 47, respectively. notably, persistent shedding of zikv rna was demonstrated in semen, still detectable at 181 days after onset. | 0 | 27542178 |
| persistent detection of zika virus rna in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from haiti to italy, february 2016. | a man in his early 30s reported in january 2016 a history of fever, asthenia and erythematous rash during a stay in haiti. on his return to italy, zikv rna was detected in his urine and saliva 91 days after symptom onset, and in his semen on day 188, six months after symptom onset. our findings support the possibility of sexual transmission of zikv and highlight the importance of continuing to investigate non-vector-borne zikv infection. | 0 | 27541989 |
| extended evaluation of virological, immunological and pharmacokinetic endpoints of celaden: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of celgosivir in dengue fever patients. | celaden was a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 50 patients with confirmed dengue fever to evaluate the efficacy and safety of celgosivir (a study registered at clinicaltrials.gov, number nct01619969). celgosivir was given as a 400 mg loading dose and 200 mg bid (twice a day) over 5 days. replication competent virus was measured by plaque assay and compared to reverse transcription quantitative pcr (qpcr) of viral rna. pharmacokinetics (pk) correlations with viremia, immunological profiling ... | 2016 | 27509020 |
| co-infection of dengue fever and hepatitis a in a russian traveler. | we report a hepatitis a (hav) and dengue virus (denv) co-infection in russian man who had been traveling to dominican republic. at admission to the hospital hemorrhagic and jaundice symptoms were observed in patient. pcr tests of blood serum and urine revealed rna dengue virus type 3, hav rna, anti-hav-igm. | 2016 | 27516967 |
| storm drains as larval development and adult resting sites for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in salvador, brazil. | dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv), zika (zikv), as well as yellow fever (yfv) viruses are transmitted to humans by aedes spp. females. in salvador, the largest urban center in north-eastern brazil, the four denv types have been circulating, and more recently, chikv and zikv have also become common. we studied the role of storm drains as aedes larval development and adult resting sites in four neighbourhoods of salvador, representing different socioeconomic, infrastructure and topographic condit ... | 2016 | 27464886 |
| neonatal encephalitis due to chikungunya vertical transmission: first report in brazil. | to report the first case of chikungunya encephalitis acquired in the perinatal period during the current outbreak in brazil. | 2016 | 27500084 |
| zika virus challenges for neuropsychiatry. | before 2007, zika virus (zikv) was generally considered as an arbovirus of low clinical relevance, causing a mild self-limiting febrile illness in tropical africa and southeast asia. currently, a large, ongoing outbreak of zikv that started in brazil in 2015 is spreading across the americas. virus infection during pregnancy has been potentially linked to congenital malformations, including microcephaly. in addition to congenital malformations, a temporal association between zikv infection and an ... | 2016 | 27478378 |
| dengue virus sero-cross-reactivity drives antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) was discovered in 1947 and was thought to lead to relatively mild disease. the recent explosive outbreak of zikv in south america has led to widespread concern, with reports of neurological sequelae ranging from guillain barré syndrome to microcephaly. zikv infection has occurred in areas previously exposed to dengue virus (denv), a flavivirus closely related to zikv. here we investigated the serological cross-reaction between the two viruses. plasma immune to denv showed subst ... | 2016 | 27339099 |
| neuropathology of zika virus infection. | zika virus (zikv) is a member of the flaviviridae family that had been associated only with mild disease prior to the 2015 outbreak in brazil. a dramatic increase in reported cases of microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome during this time prompted significant research into possible associations with zikv and its neurotropic properties. infection of neural progenitor cells and organoids have been shown to induce apoptosis and dysregulation of growth, and mouse studies have demonstrated viral r ... | 2016 | 27525286 |
| assessing seasonal risks for the introduction and mosquito-borne spread of zika virus in europe. | the explosive zika virus epidemic in the americas is amplifying spread of this emerging pathogen into previously unaffected regions of the world, including europe (gulland, 2016), where local populations are immunologically naïve. as summertime approaches in the northern hemisphere, aedes mosquitoes in europe may find suitable climatic conditions to acquire and subsequently transmit zika virus from viremic travellers to local populations. while aedes albopictus has proven to be a vector for the ... | 2016 | 27344225 |
| bioinformatic analysis reveals the expression of unique transcriptomic signatures in zika virus infected human neural stem cells. | the single-stranded rna flavivirus, zika virus (zikv), has recently re-emerged and spread rapidly across the western hemisphere's equatorial countries, primarily through aedes mosquito transmission. while symptoms in adult infections appear to be self-limiting and mild, severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, have been linked to infection during early pregnancy. recently, tang et al. (cell stem cell 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.016) demonstrated that zikv efficiently infects induced plu ... | 2016 | 27293547 |
| population genetics of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, an invasive vector of human diseases. | the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is currently one of the most threatening invasive species in the world. native to southeast asia, the species has spread throughout the world in the past 30 years and is now present in every continent but antarctica. because it was the main vector of recent dengue and chikungunya outbreaks, and because of its competency for numerous other viruses and pathogens such as the zika virus, a. albopictus stands out as a model species for invasive diseases vecto ... | 2016 | 27273325 |
| the cellular bases of antibody responses during dengue virus infection. | dengue virus (denv) is one of the most significant human viral pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause from an asymptomatic disease to mild undifferentiated fever, classical dengue, and severe dengue. neutralizing memory antibody (ab) responses are one of the most important mechanisms that counteract reinfections and are therefore the main aim of vaccination. however, it has also been proposed that in dengue, some of these class-switched (igg) memory abs might worsen the disease. altho ... | 2016 | 27375618 |