| stability of ochratoxin a (ota) during processing and decaffeination in commercial roasted coffee beans. | the fate of ochratoxin a (ota) during the processing of artificially contaminated green coffee beans, the effect of decaffeination on the production of ota in green and roasted coffee beans, and the effect of caffeine on the growth and ota production by aspergillus ochraceus were studied. the data indicated that the roasting, milling and decoction (brewing and turkish coffee making) processes caused different percentage reductions in ota. decaffeinated samples showed a significantly higher conce ... | 2005 | 16147432 |
| circumdatin h, a new inhibitor of mitochondrial nadh oxidase, from aspergillus ochraceus. | circumdatin h (1), a new alkaloid from the culture broth of aspergillus ochraceus, has been isolated, together with a known circumdatin, circumdatin e (2) and other known compounds: flavacol (3) and stephacidin a (4). the structure of 1 was established on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. all of these alkaloids showed biological activity as inhibitors of the mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain. | 2005 | 16156520 |
| a comparative study of extraction apparatus in hplc analysis of ochratoxin a in muscle. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by several moulds, mainly by aspergillus ochraceus and by penicillium verrucosum, that occurs in meat products. the aim of this work was to optimize an efficient extraction procedure for the determination of ota in muscle tissue in order to assess its occurrence in meat samples. three different apparatus, a waring blender, a switching apparatus, and an ultrasonic processor, were evaluated to verify the efficiency of extraction. the ana ... | 2005 | 16158296 |
| the effects of yeasts involved in the fermentation of coffea arabica in east africa on growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production by aspergillus ochraceus. | the effects of pichia anomala, pichia kluyveri and hanseniaspora uvarum predominant during coffee processing on growth of aspergillus ochraceus and production of ochratoxin a (ota) on malt extract agar (mea) and on coffee agar (ca) were studied. the three yeasts were able to inhibit growth of a. ochraceus when co-cultured in mea and ca. growth inhibition was significantly higher on mea than on ca. furthermore, p. anomala and p. kluyveri were found to have a stronger effect on growth of a. ochrac ... | 2006 | 16213049 |
| influence of volatile compounds produced by yeasts predominant during processing of coffea arabica in east africa on growth and ochratoxin a (ota) production by aspergillus ochraceus. | the effects of volatile compounds produced during coffee processing by pichia anomala, p. kluyveri and hanseniaspora uvarum on growth of aspergillus ochraceus and production of ochratoxin a (ota) were studied. on malt extract agar (mea) and on coffee agar (ca), exposure of a. ochraceus to the gaseous phase of malt yeast glucose peptone (mygp) plates inoculated with p. anomala, p. kluyveri and h. uvarum inhibited fungal growth, with the two pichia spp. showing the strongest effect. the main ester ... | 2005 | 16240461 |
| inhibitory activity of phosphates on molds isolated from foods and food processing plants. | six commercial phosphates were evaluated for inhibition of the growth of 17 molds isolated from food sources. the assays were performed at neutral and natural (without ph adjustment) ph values, and the molds were streaked on plate count agar with added phosphates. phosphate concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (wt/vol) were used, and the mic was determined. the resistance of molds to phosphates depended on the species. at a neutral ph, aspergillus ochraceus and fusarium proliferatum we ... | 2005 | 16300093 |
| conditions of formation of ochratoxin a in drying, transport and in different commodities. | the major species of fungi responsible for ochratoxin production (ota) in a range of commodities are penicillium verrucosum, aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus section nigri, especially a. carbonarius. p. verrucosum is particularly important in northern europe where damp cooler conditions occur and where drying regimes need to be efficient and effective for preventing post-harvest contamination with ota. a. ochraceus can infect cereals including barley, maize, coffee, cocoa and edible nuts. a ... | 2005 | 16332616 |
| ochratoxin a production by aspergillus ochraceus wilhelm grown under controlled atmospheres. | [this corrects the article on p. 1136 in vol. 45.]. | 1983 | 16346349 |
| effect of inoculation techniques and relative humidity on the growth of molds on the surfaces of yellow layer cakes. | four inoculation techniques were compared for initiation of growth on cake surfaces: spot, air cabinet, spray (atomizer), and talc addition methods. molds were isolated from commercial cakes and were identified as aspergillus sydowii, aspergillus ochraceus, penicillium funiculosum, and eurotium herbariorum. cake surfaces were inoculated with mold spores and incubated under three equilibrium relative humidity (erh) levels: 97, 85, and 75%. random contamination by spores in a ventilated air cabine ... | 1998 | 16349479 |
| incidence of toxigenic fungi and ochratoxin a in dried fruits sold in brazil. | a total of 117 dried fruit samples (black sultanas, white sultanas, dates, dried plums, dried figs and apricots) from different origins were analysed both for toxigenic fungi and for the presence of ochratoxin a. amongst the fungi found, aspergillus niger was predominant, with 406 isolates, of which 15% were ochratoxin a producers. they were followed by a. ochraceus, with 15 isolates and 87% ochratoxigenics, and a. carbonarius, with only five isolates of which 60% were ochratoxin a producers. th ... | 2005 | 16356890 |
| fungi and ochratoxin a detected in healthy grapes for wine production. | the mycoflora of healthy grapes (i.e. without visible symptoms of rot) for wine production in portuguese wine-making regions was assessed and its potential for ochratoxin a (ota) production evaluated. the ota content of grapes was also determined. | 2006 | 16411918 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for monitoring of aspergillus ochraceus growth in coffee powder, chilli powder and poultry feed. | the work was carried out to develop an immunoassay for estimation of aspergillus ochraceus biomass on solid substrate. | 2006 | 16411921 |
| influence of water activity, temperature and time on mycotoxins production on barley rootlets. | the objective of this study was to determine the ochratoxin (ot) and aflatoxin (af) production by three strains of aspergillus spp. under different water activities, temperature and incubation time on barley rootlets (br). | 2006 | 16441385 |
| extraction of milk-clotting enzyme produced by solid state fermentation of aspergillus oryzae. | studies on the extraction of milk-clotting enzyme after solid-state fermentation (ssf) of wheat bran by a local strain of aspergillus oryzae ls1 were done. the extraction of the enzyme was found to be depended on different parameters like nature of extractant, soaking time, temperature etc. from different inorganic and organic extractants, calcium chloride (0.05%) and glycerol (40%) were found to be the best solvents for leaching out milk-clotting enzyme. the optimum volume of calcium chloride w ... | 2005 | 16450841 |
| molecular characterization of ochratoxin a biosynthesis and producing fungi. | | 2006 | 16509448 |
| ochratoxin a biosynthetic genes in aspergillus ochraceus are differentially regulated by ph and nutritional stimuli. | expression of the polyketide synthase (pks) gene which is involved in ochratoxin a (ota) biosynthesis in aspergillus ochraceus is linked to production of the mycotoxin, with high levels of pks mrna accumulation occurring in cultures producing ota, as assessed by real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. ota production is regulated by nutrient availability, with supplementation of ota restrictive potato dextrose broth with yeast extract resulting in a 39-fold increase in production of the mycotox ... | 2006 | 16517184 |
| effect of dietary honey on intestinal microflora and toxicity of mycotoxins in mice. | bee honey is a functional food which has a unique composition, antimicrobial properties and bifidogenic effect. in order to assess whether honey can inhibit the toxic effect of mycotoxins, the present study was undertaken. | 2006 | 16533410 |
| ecophysiology of ochratoxigenic aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum isolates. predictive models for fungal spoilage prevention - a review. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a secondary metabolite produced by several species of aspergillus and penicillium; among them aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum are two ochratoxigenic species capable of growing in different climates and thus contamination of food crops with ota can occur worldwide. ota can be found in a wide range of foods such as cereals, coffee, cocoa, spices, beer, wine, dried vine fruit, grapes and meat products. ota is toxic to animals, it presents neurotoxic, immunotox ... | 2006 | 16546886 |
| ochratoxin a: its cancer risk and potential for exposure. | ochratoxin a (oa) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin known to contaminate a variety of foods and beverages. the cancer risk posed by oa was reviewed as relevant to human exposure, regulatory activities, and risk management efforts occurring worldwide, particularly in europe. oa moves through the food chain and has been found in the tissues and organs of animals, including human blood and breast milk. results from the national toxicology program's rodent bioassays show significantly increased inc ... | 2006 | 16621780 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a in wine and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in grapes and dried vine fruits in south america. | grape and wine production in south america represents about 6.6% and 10% respectively of the world grape and wine production. the available information on the ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ochratoxin a (ota) presence in wine grapes, wines, grape juices and dried vine fruits is limited. surveys have been carried out in argentina and brazil which showed that aspergillus niger aggregate are predominant in the argentinean varieties while from the brazilian varieties the species a. niger, aspergillus ... | 2006 | 16716424 |
| intergeneric relationship between the aspergillus ochraceous virus f and the penicillium stoloniferum virus s. | it was reported that the "slow" component (psv-s) of penicillium stoloniferum virus complex also occurred in a second genus, aspergillus ochraceous. the responsible virus for this intergeneric occurrence was considered to be the "fast" component (aov-f) of a. ochraceous virus complex. in this investigation, aov dsrna 1, that was previously shown to cross-hybridize with psv-s dsrna, has been cloned. it was 1754 bp in length and contained one open reading frame of 539 amino acids (p63), had the sa ... | 2006 | 16725223 |
| [ochratoxin a contamination of cereal grain harvested in 2003 and 2004 years]. | the analysis of ochratoxin a--mycotoxin produced by widely distributed aspergillus and penicillium--of cereal grain harvested in 2003 - 2004 years were performed by immunoaffinity column clean-up and hplc with fluorescence detection. this survey examined 282 samples of raw grain wheat, rye, barley and oat 13.8% of all samples contaminated by ochratoxin a in the range 0.2-33.3 mg/kg. calculation made on the basis of the obtained means showed that the daily ochratoxin a intake of human from cereal ... | 2006 | 16739607 |
| the transformation and resolution of 8-aza steroids by fungi. | 1. when (+/-)-8-aza-d-homo-oestrone 3-methyl ether was added to a culture of aspergillus ochraceus, the laevo-rotatory enantiomer is reduced to a 17a alcohol. thus (+/-)-8-aza-d-homo-oestrone 3-methyl ether has been resolved into both its components, the laevo-rotatory enantiomer being obtained by chromic acid oxidation of the alcohol, and the dextro-rotatory enantiomer as residual precursor from the fermentation. 2. fungi have been found to demethylate the 3-methyl ethers of 8-aza steroids to t ... | 1965 | 16749095 |
| chemical characterization and quantification of siderophores produced by marine and terrestrial aspergilli. | ten aspergilli (five each from marine and terrestrial habitats) were screened for siderophore production. all test isolates produced siderophores as indicated by a positive reaction in the fecl(3) test, chrome azurol sulphonate assay, and chrome azurol sulphonate agar plate test. further, the test isolates were compared for their siderophore production potential and chemical characteristics. examination of the chemical nature of the siderophores revealed that all test isolates produced hydroxama ... | 2006 | 16788730 |
| conformational analysis of ochratoxin a by nmr spectroscopy and computational molecular modeling. | two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy has been used for a complete assignment of the proton and carbon-13 spectra of the metabolite from aspergillus ochraceus, ochratoxin a. in addition, phase-sensitive nuclear overhauser effect spectrometry experiments and computational molecular modeling (mm2 and mmff force field programs) have been employed to examine the conformational properties of ochratoxin a in chloroform solutions. particular attention has been given to intramolecular hydrogen-bonding format ... | 2005 | 16853154 |
| non-specificity of nutritional substrate for ochratoxin a production by isolates of aspergillus ochraceus. | aspergillus ochraceus is an important contaminant of diverse substrates, such as cereals, coffee, grapes and derivates. this fungus produce a nephrotoxic metabolite, ochratoxin a (ota), whose presence on food and feeds may be an important risk for animal and human health. the aim of this work was to evaluate the significance of the origin of a. ochraceus isolates on their ota production patterns on different substrates (yeast extract sucrose (yes) broth, irradiated barley grains, irradiated gree ... | 2006 | 16943024 |
| study of aflatoxin b1 and ochratoxin a production by natural microflora and aspergillus parasiticus in black and green olives of greek origin. | aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain aspergillus species. ochratoxin a (ota) is classified as "possible carcinogen" and it is a metabolite of aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum. fungi contaminate natural and processed olives which support afb1 and ota production. the aim of this study was to compare and investigate afb1 and ota production in three different varieties of damaged olives. for each variety two different treatments were applied: (1) olive ... | 2006 | 16943059 |
| mycotoxin contamination of food in europe: early detection and prevention strategies. | this paper reviews the early detection and prevention strategies which have been employed in europe for the control of mycotoxin contamination of food in the context of a hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) framework. the critical control points (ccps) in the whole food chain where mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and ochratoxins are important have been identified. ecological studies on the effect of environmental factors which are marginal for growth and mycotoxin production have be ... | 2006 | 16944291 |
| mould germination: data treatment and modelling. | the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ... | 2007 | 17188772 |
| biodegradation of reactive blue-25 by aspergillus ochraceus ncim-1146. | the present study dealt with the decolorization and degradation of textile dye reactive blue-25 (0.1gl(-1)) by mycelium of aspergillus ochraceus ncim-1146. spectrophotometric and visual examinations showed that the decolorization was through fungal adsorption, followed by degradation. shaking condition was found to be better for complete and faster adsorption (7h) and decolorization (20 days) of dye reactive blue-25 (100mgl(-1)) as compared to static condition. presence of glucose in medium show ... | 2007 | 17204422 |
| the effect of bread making steps on the degradation of aflatoxins produced as a result of single inoculation with aspergillus flavus and combined inoculation with aspergillus flavus and aspergillus ochraceus. | this study aimed to determine the effect of bread making steps on the stability of aflatoxin. sakha 8 wheat and gemaiza 5 wheat cultivars, were used in the present study. they were inoculated with a dense spore suspension of toxigenic fungal species of aspergillus flavus and a non toxigenic species of aspergillus ochraceus singly and combined. aflatoxin concentration was determined in the whole wheat grain, after milling, after fermentation, and after bread-baking process. results showed that th ... | 2003 | 17219901 |
| antimicrobial activity of bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus during the fermentation of african locust bean (parkia biglobosa) for soumbala production. | to examine predominant isolates of bacillus subtilis and b. pumilus isolated from soumbala for their antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms as micrococcus luteus, staphyloccocus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococus facium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae, yersinia enterocolitica, aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium roqueforti. | 2007 | 17381739 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in corn and corn based foods and feeds in some south american countries. | cereals and cereal- derived products constitute the base of human and animal feeding in south american countries. this review attempts to give an overview of the ochratoxin a (ota) occurrence and potential sources of ota contamination in those products. the environmental conditions as humidity and temperature in the colonization of the substrates by aspergillus section nigri isolated from corn kernels were also discussed. the available information on the ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ota presence ... | 2007 | 17390233 |
| a comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents. | the antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial potentials of volatile oils and oleoresin of cinnamomum zeylanicum blume (leaf and bark) were investigated in the present study. the oleoresins have shown excellent activity for the inhibition of primary and secondary oxidation products in mustard oil added at the concentration of 0.02% which were evaluated using peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, p-anisidine and carbonyl values. moreover, it was further supported by other complementary antioxidant assay ... | 2007 | 17408833 |
| inhibition of ochratoxin a production and growth of aspergillus species by phenolic antioxidant compounds. | the phenolic antioxidants, gallic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were studied for their effects on ochratoxin a (ota) production and fungal growth of ochratoxigenic aspergilli. of the 12 strains tested, which included a. alliaceus, a. lanosus, a. ochraceus, a. albertensis, a. melleus, a. sulphureus, a. carbonarius, a. elegans, and a. sclerotiorum, the greatest inhibition of ota production was seen in a. sulphureus, a. ... | 2007 | 17874203 |
| [influence of the interaction of temperature and water activity on the production of ochratoxin a and the growth of aspergillus niger, aspergillus carbonarius and aspergillus ochraceus on coffee-based culture medium]. | in the present study, the effect of temperature and water activity on fungal growth and ochratoxin production on coffee-based medium was assessed. optimal growth of three aspergillus strains was observed in the same ecological conditions, namely 30 degrees c and 0.99 water activity. maximal daily growth is 11.2, 6.92, and 7.22 mm/day for aspergillus niger, aspergillus carbonarius, and aspergillus ochraceus, respectively. however, ecological conditions for optimal ochratoxin production vary accor ... | 2007 | 17898840 |
| detection and quantification of aspergillus westerdijkiae in coffee beans based on selective amplification of beta-tubulin gene by using real-time pcr. | aspergillus westerdijkiae is a new species of fungus that was recently dismembered from aspergillus ochraceus taxon. most isolates of a. westerdijkiae are able to produce large amounts of a mycotoxin called ochratoxin a (oa). oa has been found in food and beverages, such as coffee. a. westerdijkiae is very similar to a. ochraceus, and several isolates previously identified as a. ochraceus are now identified as a. westerdijkiae. by using sequences of the beta-tubulin gene, we analyzed several iso ... | 2007 | 17900727 |
| biodegradation of kerosene by aspergillus ochraceus ncim-1146. | the filamentous fungus aspergillus ochraceus ncim-1146 was found to degrade kerosene, when previously grown mycelium (96 h) was incubated in the broth containing kerosene. higher levels of nadph-dcip reductase, aminopyrine n-demethylase and kerosene biodegradation activities were found to be present after the growth in potato dextrose broth for 96 h, when compared with the activities at different time intervals during the growth phase. nadph was the preferred cofactor for enzyme activity, which ... | 2007 | 17910104 |
| [indoor moulds: results of the environmental study in office rooms]. | the aim of the study was to quantitatively and qualitatively identify moulds occurring in the air of selected office rooms. | 2007 | 18421934 |
| study of the ochratoxin a effect on aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin b1 production. | aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain aspergillus species. ochratoxin a (ota) is a metabolite of aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum. afb1 and ota are amongst the most frequent combinations of mycotoxins found in plant products. thus, synergistic effects or interactions between the two mycotoxins could be taking place. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ota on aspergillus parasiticus growth and afb1 production in yeast extrac ... | 2008 | 18471949 |
| corncob-induced endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanase of aspergillus oryzae mtcc 5154: production and characterization of xylobiose from glucuronoxylan. | eight different fungi were cultivated in a peptone-yeast extract medium containing 1% oat spelt xylan (osx) to evaluate endo-1,4-beta-xylanase secretion for xylooligosaccharide (xos) production. aspergillus oryzae mtcc 5154, aspergillus flavus , aspergillus niger , and aspergillus ochraceus showed significant titers of endoxylanases, which were further used for the production of xos from birch wood xylan (bwx). a. oryzae produced 89.5 +/- 1.13% xos in the hydrolysate at 24 h of reaction. the eff ... | 2008 | 18489109 |
| effect of ochratoxin a on redox-regulated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-s-transferase in cultured kidney tubulus cells. | ochratoxin a (ota), a mycotoxin mostly produced by aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum, is a worldwide contaminant of food and feedstuff. ota is nephrotoxic and a renal carcinogen in rodents. the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ota exhibits its toxicity have yet not been fully clarified. in the present study the effects of ochratoxin a on the activity of redox-regulated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, as well as glutathione-s-transferase (gst) have ... | 2008 | 18547704 |
| studies on immobilized fungal spores for microbial transformation of steroids: 11 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone with immobilized spores of aspergillus ochraceus g8 on polyacrylamide gel and other matrices. | hydroxylation in the 11 alpha-position in the progesterone molecule employing immobilized spores of aspergillus ochraceus strain no. g8 (cdri catalogue no.) was achieved. for immobilization the activity of the spores was evaluated on a variety of matrices such as alginate beads, epoxy resin beads, polyacrylamide gel, and collagen. spores entrapped in polyacrylamide gel were found to be the most active. studies of various parameters, e.g. monomer content, cell loading capacity, optimum ph, temper ... | 1984 | 18551669 |
| studies on immobilized fungal spores for microbial transformation of steroids: 11 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone with immobilized spores of aspergillus ochraceus g8 on polyacrylamide gel and other matrices. | | 1985 | 18553832 |
| xylanase and beta-xylosidase production by aspergillus ochraceus during growth on lignocelluloses. | | 1988 | 18584652 |
| two-liquid phase reactor studies of 11alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone by aspergillus ochraceus. | the 11alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone by free cells of aspergillus ochraceus has been examined in a reactor with an aqueous and a natural oil phase. as the proportion of oil is increased, the point of inversion from a continuous aqueous phase is affected by the cell concentration, as is the optimum ratio of the phases for conversion. high oil ratios are not productive because of poor mass transfer to the concentrated cells in the aqueous phase. the cells are stable in the presence of oleic a ... | 1988 | 18584674 |
| production, purification, and characterization of xylanase from a hyperxylanolytic mutant of aspergillus ochraceus. | enhancement of the productivity of xylanase and beta-xy-losidase of aspergillus ochraceus was investigated by multistep mutagenesis. the spores of the wild strain were subjected to uv and n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitro-soguanidine (ntg). the hyperxylanolytic mutant (ng-13), which showed good clearing on the surface of the xylan-agar plate, secretes xylanase and beta-xylosidase at high levels during growth on commercial xylan and on agricultural wastes. both liquid and solid state cultures were employe ... | 1990 | 18592516 |
| genomic characterization of a novel partitivirus infecting. aspergillus ochraceus. | three double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments from aspergillus ochraceus isolate fa 0611, designated as aor1, aor2, and aor3, were cloned and sequenced. aor1 was identical with aov dsrna 1 previously reported from a. ochraceus atcc 28706, which putatively encoded an rna-dependent rna polymerase of an unidentified mycovirus. aor2 was found to encode a putative viral capsid protein (cp) with 63% similarity to that of penicillium stoloniferum virus s, which was detected from p. stoloniferum atcc 14586 ... | 2008 | 18770020 |
| identification of the antimicrobial substances produced by solanum palinacanthum (solanaceae). | to find out natural antimicrobial agents as alternative in therapeutics and to preserve food, the methanol extract of solanum palinacanthum aerial parts was submitted to purification steps guided by antibacterial and antifungal assays. as a consequence, the flavonoid rutin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were isolated by column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of th ... | 2008 | 18797795 |
| [isolation and fermentation condition of milk-clotting enzyme producing strain from glutinous rice wine]. | glutinous rice wine is a traditional food in south of china and it can coagulate milk. it has been proved that its function of coagulating milk is because of the presence of milk-clotting enzyme produced by microorganisms in glutinous rice wine. the aim of this work is to isolate milk-clotting enzyme producing strain from glutinous rice wine and study the fermentation condition. we screened out four bacteria and fungus by gradient dilution. it was proved that mold played the most important role ... | 2008 | 18807982 |
| detection of aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin b1 in rice in india. | twelve hundred rice samples consisting of paddy (675) and milled rice (525) were collected from 20 states across india. these samples were assessed for aspergillus spp. infection on selective medium and aflatoxin b(1) (afb1) by indirect competitive elisa. in this investigation, aspergillus flavus contamination dominated in all the seed samples. the other major contaminants were aspergillus niger, aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus parasiticus. out of 1200 rice samples, 67.8% showed afb1 rangi ... | 2009 | 19028301 |
| moulds and ochratoxin a on surfaces of artisanal and industrial dry sausages. | the use of moulds as a seasoning for sausage can have both desirable and undesirable consequences. the desirable consequences are the creation of a successful product that appeals to consumers. the undesirable consequences are due to the growth of undesirable moulds that produce highly toxic secondary metabolites referred to as mycotoxins. the aim of the paper was to investigate the presence of moulds producing ochratoxin a (ota) on the surface of sausages from northern italy. a total of 757 mou ... | 2009 | 19028307 |
| determination of ochratoxin a in maize bread samples by lc with fluorescence detection. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by several moulds, mainly by aspergillus ochraceus, a. carbonarius, a. niger and by penicillium verrucosum. the present work shows the results of comparative studies using different procedures for the analysis of ota in maize bread samples. the studied analytical methods involved extraction with different volumes of pbs/methanol, different extraction apparatus, and clean-up through immunoaffinity columns. the separation and identificat ... | 2007 | 19073023 |
| [anti-bacterial activity of extracts from fungi collected from mangrove rhizophora mangle (rhizophoraceae) roots in venezuela]. | the antibacterial activity of marine fungi extracts was evaluated by a test of efficiency. the fungi were previously inoculated in malt agar (ema) extract with 50% of seawater and growth for 60 days. triplicate antibiograms were carried out with the extracts. an anova i with a posteriori duncan test were applied to the diameters of inhibition zones. the extracts of aspergillus ochraceus 3mcmc3 and penicillium citrinum (14) 4mcmc16 present wide spectral antibacterial properties, inhibiting 100% a ... | 2007 | 19086381 |
| its-based detection and quantification of aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus westerdijkiae in grapes and green coffee beans by real-time quantitative pcr. | aspergillus ochraceus and a. westerdijkiae are considered the most important ochratoxin a (ota) producing species included in aspergillus section circumdati which contaminate foodstuffs and beverages for human consumption. in this work a real-time quantitative pcr protocol was developed to detect both species using sybr green and primers designed on the basis of the multicopy its1 region of the rdna. the assay had high efficiency (94%) and showed no inhibition by host or fungal dna other than th ... | 2009 | 19268380 |
| food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from cymbopogon citratus, ocimum gratissimum and thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. | the food preservative potential of essential oils from three aromatic plants cymbopogon citratus, ocimum gratissimum and thymus vulgaris and their fractions was investigated against two mycotoxigenic strains each of aspergillus ochraceus, penicillium expansum and p. verrucosum. the fungicidal activity was determined and expressed as a number of decimal reduction of the colony forming units per ml (ndr cfu). the influence of ph variation on this activity was studied. the ndr cfu varied with the e ... | 2009 | 19268382 |
| xylanases from aspergillus niger, aspergillus niveus and aspergillus ochraceus produced under solid-state fermentation and their application in cellulose pulp bleaching. | this study describes the production of xylanases from aspergillus niveus, a. niger, and a. ochraceus under solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residues as substrates. enzyme production was improved using a mixture of wheat bran and yeast extract or peptone. when a mixture of corncob and wheat bran was used, xylanase production from a. niger and a. ochraceus increased by 18%. all cultures were incubated at 30 degrees c at 70-80% relative humidity for 96 h. for biobleaching assays, 10 o ... | 2009 | 19271244 |
| effect of ozone on spore germination, spore production and biomass production in two aspergillus species. | the ability of ozone gas to reduce food spoilage is relatively well documented, but the developmental effects of the gas on food spoilage fungi are not well known. in this study two model aspergilli, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus ochraceus were used to study the effects of ozone on spore germination, sporulation and biomass production. these effects were examined under three levels of ozone; two high level ozone exposures (200 and 300 micromol mol(-1)) and one low level exposure (0.2 micr ... | 2009 | 19533409 |
| characterization of the aspergillus ochraceoroseus aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin biosynthetic gene cluster. | production of carcinogenic aflatoxins has been reported from members of aspergillus section flavi, aspergillus section nidulantes and a newly proposed aspergillus section ochraceorosei that consists of aspergillus ochraceoroseus and a. rambellii. unlike members of section flavi, a. ochraceoroseus and a. rambellii have been shown to accumulate both aflatoxin (af) and the aflatoxin precursor sterigmatocystin (st). alhough morphologically distinct from a. nidulans, molecular characterization of a. ... | 2009 | 19537208 |
| mycobiota and concentration of ochratoxin a in concentrated poultry feed from venezuela. | the main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency distribution of mycobiota and the concentration of ochratoxin a (ota) in 50 samples from one company of commercial brand poultry feed produced in venezuela. the concentration of ota in the samples analyzed was determined using the competitive elisa method. the most frequently isolated genera of moulds were aspergillus (36%) and penicillium (20%). of these genera, the most frequently isolated species were aspergillus flavus, aspergill ... | 2009 | 19580016 |
| the effect of mycotoxins found in some herbal plants on biochemical parameters in blood of female albino mice. | in this study, twenty five samples ofwell-known herbs in riyadh, saudi arabia were collected and analyzed for total fungi count (tfc). mycotoxins were extracted and screened using smky liquid medium. one hundred and thirty adult female albino mice were grouped into three wherein one group (n = 110) was fed with an aqueous extract from herbal plants. the second group (n = 15) was fed with an aqueous extract of the isolated fungal species. the third group comprised the control group which was give ... | 2009 | 19634489 |
| analysis of the effect of nutritional factors on ota and otb biosynthesis and polyketide synthase gene expression in aspergillus ochraceus. | the effect of a wide variety of nutritional based biotic factors on the production of both ota and otb biosynthesis in a. ochraceus was assessed. different carbon sources including glucose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, xylose and glycerol appear to repress ota production when the fungus is grown in ota permissive pdy medium. in contrast lactose appears to induce ota production, with the addition of lactose and galactose to the ota restrictive pdc medium resulting in marked increases in ota level ... | 2009 | 19682762 |
| effect of processing on ochratoxin a content in dried beans. | dried pink beans naturally contaminated with ochratoxin a (ota) and dried carioca beans artificially contaminated with ota by inoculation with aspergillus ochraceus (atcc 22947) were tested for ochratoxin a levels as follows: dried beans were washed with water for 2, 60 or 120 min, soaked in water for 60, 120 min or 10 h, and cooked for 60 or 120 min. at each step, test water and beans were separated. test water, raw beans and cooked beans were analyzed for ota. the amount of ota partitioned int ... | 2009 | 19693718 |
| intracellular biogenic silver nanoparticles for the generation of carbon supported antiviral and sustained bactericidal agents. | intracellular silver nanoparticles produced by exposing silver ions to the fungus aspergillus ochraceus were heat-treated in nitrogen environment to yield silver nanoparticles embedded in carbonaceous supports. this carbonaceous matrix embedded silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial properties against both bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative) and virus (m 13 phage virus). the bactericidal effects were noticed even after washing and repeated exposure of these carbon supported silver nano ... | 2009 | 19746940 |
| discrimination of the main ochratoxin a-producing species in aspergillus section circumdati by specific pcr assays. | ochratoxin a (ota) is one of the most important mycotoxins because of its high toxicity to both humans and animals and its occurrence in a number of basic foods and agro-products. some of the main ota-producing species belong to aspergillus section circumdati, whose taxonomy has been lately revised with the description of new species. the high morphological similarity of these species (aspergillus ochraceus, aspergillus steynii and aspergillus westerdijkiae) makes difficult discrimination among ... | 2009 | 19819579 |
| production and properties of xylanases from aspergillus terricola marchal and aspergillus ochraceus and their use in cellulose pulp bleaching. | aspergillus terricola and aspergillus ochraceus, isolated from brazilian soil, were cultivated in vogel and adams media supplemented with 20 different carbon sources, at 30 degrees c, under static conditions, for 120 and 144 h, respectively. high levels of cellulase-free xylanase were produced in birchwood or oat spelt xylan-media. wheat bran was the most favorable agricultural residue for xylanase production. maximum activity was obtained at 60 degrees c and ph 6.5 for a. terricola, and 65 degr ... | 2010 | 20091051 |
| lipoperoxidation affects ochratoxin a biosynthesis in aspergillus ochraceus and its interaction with wheat seeds. | in aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus parasiticus, lipoperoxidative signalling is crucial for the regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis, conidiogenesis, and sclerotia formation. resveratrol, which is a lipoxygenase (lox) and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, downmodulates the biosynthesis of ochratoxin a (ota) in aspergillus ochraceus. in the genome of a. ochraceus, a lox-like sequence (aoloxa; national center for biotechnology information (ncbi) accession number: dq087531) for a l ... | 2010 | 20101489 |
| fungal growth inhibition of regenerated cellulose nanofibrous membranes containing quillaja saponin. | antifungal properties were introduced in nonwoven regenerated cellulose (rc) nanofibrous membrane using quillaja saponin. to generate cellulose membranes, deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate (ca) nanofibrous membranes was performed using 0.05 m naoh and ethanol for membranes both loaded and unloaded with quillaja saponin. chemical and physical properties of nonwoven ca and rc nanofibrous membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-fouri ... | 2010 | 20213194 |
| vice to virtue: intracellular biogenic nanoparticles for the generation of carbon supported catalysts. | intracellular biogenic nanoparticles are considered disadvantageous as the separation of the nanoparticles from the biomass becomes intricate. however realizing the importance of carbon supported catalyst for many important organic reactions we envisaged these nanoparticles as a source for carbon supported catalyst. herein we demonstrate the heat treatment of intracellular biogenic nanoparticles under inert atmosphere as an efficient method for the preparation of carbon supported metal oxide cat ... | 2010 | 20352735 |
| chronic monolateral otomycosis in a dog caused by aspergillus ochraceus. | aspergillus ochraceus, a widely distributed filamentous fungus, was isolated and identified by cytology and culture as the cause of unilateral ceruminous purulent otitis in a 4-year-old male mixed-breed dog. the pathogenic role of the fungal isolate was confirmed by a good response to antifungal therapy and the absence of other pathogens. no underlying diseases were identified and the dog recovered after 3 weeks of therapy with oral itraconazole and topical miconazole. | 2010 | 20409075 |
| antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins a, a(1), b, b(1). | to produce enniatin (ens), fusarium tricinctum cect 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (pdb), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. the purity of the ens fractions was verified by analytical hplc and lc/ms-ms. the pure fractions of ens were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as fusarium verticilloides ... | 2010 | 20417654 |
| growth inhibition of aspergillus ochraceus zmpbf 318 and penicillium expansum zmpbf 565 by four essential oils. | fungi produce a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids, and other metabolites and can adapt to several environmental conditions. mycotoxin-producing moulds of the genera aspergillus and penicillium are common food contaminants. one of the natural ways to protect food from mould contamination is to use essential oils. in this study, we evaluated the effect of essential oils of cinnamon, lavender, rosemary, and sage at 1 % (v/v) concentration in yeast media inoculated with spores ( ... | 2010 | 20587393 |
| impact of drying surface and raking frequencies on mold incidence, ochratoxin a contamination, and cup quality during preparation of arabica and robusta cherries at the farm level. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact and contribution of various drying surfaces (soil, cement, and tarpaulin) and raking frequencies (1 and 4/day) on the incidence of toxigenic molds, ochratoxin a (ota) production, and on the overall cup quality during preparation of arabica and robusta coffee cherry in india. two individual experimental batches (run 1 at the begin of harvest and run 2 at the end of harvest) were set up for the study. results showed high incidence of molds in coffee ... | 2010 | 20618072 |
| coffee berry borer (hypothenemus hampei)—a vector for toxigenic molds and ochratoxin a contamination in coffee beans. | coffee berry borer (cbb, hypothenemus hampei ferrari) is a common insect pest in coffee plantations and is a suspected vector of various mycotoxin-producing molds. in the present study, field trials were undertaken consecutively for 3 years to evaluate the impact of cbb on the microbial contamination of arabica and robusta coffee bean varieties, with emphasis laid toward ochratoxin a (ota)-producing fungi. results revealed higher microbial contamination in cbb-infested beans in both the varietie ... | 2010 | 20618085 |
| lifetime, low-dose ochratoxin a dietary study on renal carcinogenesis in male fischer rats. | carcinoma arising from male rat renal parenchyma is an aspect of the nephrotoxicity of ochratoxin a (ota) and is a factor in considering application of animal data to human health risk assessment. we present experimental data to complement already published and to complete dose-response findings for dietary ota. from 34 rats, only four unilateral renal carcinomas (12%) developed during a 2-year exposure to dietary ota, contaminated to give the same weekly overall dosage as in the 50 µg kg(-1) ga ... | 2010 | 20694869 |
| 7-nor-ergosterolide, a pentalactone-containing norsteroid and related steroids from the marine-derived endophytic aspergillus ochraceus en-31. | 7-nor-ergosterolide (1), a rare 7-norsteroid with an unusual pentalactone b-ring system, and two new steroid derivatives, 3β,11α-dihydroxyergosta-8,24(28)-dien-7-one (2) and 3β-hydroxyergosta-8,24(28)-dien-7-one (3), were characterized from the culture extract of aspergillus ochraceus en-31, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine brown alga sargassum kjellmanianum. in addition, nine known related steroids were isolated and identified. the structures of these compounds were established on ... | 2010 | 21043476 |
| culture-independent characterization of bacteria and fungi in a poultry bioaerosol using pyrosequencing: a new approach. | work in animal production facilities often results in exposure to organic dusts. previous studies have documented decreases in pulmonary function and lung inflammation among workers exposed to organic dust in the poultry industry. bacteria and fungi have been reported as components of the organic dust produced in poultry facilities. to date, little is known about the diversity and concentration of bacteria and fungi inside poultry buildings. all previous investigations have utilized culture-base ... | 2010 | 21058154 |
| essential oil of thymus capitatus hoff. et link. from matmata, tunisia: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. | thymus capitatus hoff. et link. essential oil was constituted by thymol (89.06%) as a major component followed by p-cimene (5.04%) and γ-terpinene (3.19%) after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the antioxidant activity assays of the essential oil used in the inhibition of the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed high 50% inhibitory concentration ... | 2010 | 21091258 |
| modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin a determination in vitis vinifera red grapes tissues. | this work described the development and characterization of an electrochemical method using square wave voltammetry (swv) combined with the use of modified magnetic nanoparticles (mnps), which had shown a rapid and sensitive determination of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes (cabernet sauvignon, malbec and syrah) post-harvest tissues. the wine grapes were inoculated with aspergillus ochraceus to obtain ota in artificially infected samples. the ota was directly determined using square-wave voltam ... | 2010 | 21111187 |
| impact of non-selective fungicides on the growth and production of ochratoxin a by aspergillus ochraceus and a. carbonarius in barley-based medium. | the aim of this study was to assess the influence of the non-selective fungicides mancozeb, copper oxychloride, and sulfur on the growth and capability for producing ochratoxin a (ota) of ochratoxigenic isolates of aspergillus carbonarius and a. ochraceus in barley-based medium. lag phases and growth rates were determined for each fungicide at different doses, at 15°c and 25°c and at 0.97 a(w). mancozeb at 40 mg l(-1 )inhibited fungal growth and provided lag phases >24 days at 10-20 mg l(-1) and ... | 2011 | 21128138 |
| pvp-coated graphene oxide for selective determination of ochratoxin a via quenching fluorescence of free aptamer. | in this paper, we developed a simple method to detect fungi toxin (ochratoxin a) produced by aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosumm, utilizing graphene oxide as quencher which can quench the fluorescence of fam (carboxyfluorescein) attached to toxin-specific aptamer. by optimizing the experimental conditions, we obtained the detection limit of our sensing platform based on bare graphene oxide to be 1.9 µm with a linear detection range from 2 µm to 35 µm. selectivity of this sensing pl ... | 2011 | 21334186 |
| coumarin metabolic routes in aspergillus spp. | coumarin metabolism by several aspergillus strains was studied. aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus niger carried out the reduction of the c3-c4 double bond to yield dihydrocoumarin in 24h. meanwhile, the first strain did not transform dihydrocoumarin after 7d, a. niger demonstrated to have two divergent catabolic pathways: (a) the lactone moiety opening and further reduction of the carboxylic acid furnishing the primary alcohol 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol and, (b) the hydroxylation of the aroma ... | 2010 | 21354531 |
| modelling the effect of temperature and water activity in the growth boundaries of aspergillus ochraceus and aspergillus parasiticus. | the aim of this work was to model the growth of aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus ochraceus, both mycotoxin producers, near to the growth/no growth boundaries and validate those models in sterile maize grain, peanuts and coffee beans. malt extract agar was adjusted to six different water activities: 0.93, 0.91, 0.89, 0.87, 0.85 and 0.80. plates were incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 37 and 42 °c. for each of the 42 conditions, 10 petri dishes were inoculated. both kinetic and probability mo ... | 2010 | 21356445 |
| biotransformation of natural compounds. oxido-reduction of sch-642305 by aspergillus ochraceus atcc 1009. | sch-642305 is the major compound produced by the endophytic fungi phomopsis sp. cmu-lma. incubation of sch-642305 with aspergillus ochraceus atcc 1009 resting cells leads to three new derivatives through an oxido-reduction of the six-membered ring of the molecule. reduction of the double bound leads to compound (1), which subsequently undergoes carbonyl reduction to (2) and ring hydroxylation to (3). according to the previously solved crystal structure of sch-642305 coupled with (1)h nmr noe cor ... | 2011 | 21396813 |
| disposable parallel poly(dimethylsiloxane) microbioreactor with integrated readout grid for germination screening of aspergillus ochraceus. | in this work a disposable, parallel microbioreactor (mbr) suitable for screening in batch or continuous mode is presented. the reactor consists of five parallel microchambers made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) bonded to a glass substrate. a grid structure is engraved on each chamber, allowing subsequent morphology imaging. measurements are recorded over the entire cultivation period with constant parameters, namely, position and focus in the z-axis. the microdevice may be used for either parallel, u ... | 2011 | 21423594 |
| polyaniline langmuir-blodgett film based aptasensor for ochratoxin a detection. | ochratoxin a (ota) produced by aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium verrucosum is a very dangerous toxin due to its toxic effects in human beings and its presence in a wide range of food products and cereals. a langmuir-blodgett (polyaniline (pani)-stearic acid (sa)) film based highly sensitive and robust impedimetric aptasensor has been developed for ochratoxin a (ota) detection. dna aptamer (apt-dna) specific to ota has been covalently immobilized onto mixed langmuir-blodgett (lb) monolayer c ... | 2011 | 21514815 |
| fungistatic activity of bicyclo[4.3.0]-γ-lactones. | five optically active and sixteen racemic lactones (nine of them new) of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane structure were synthesized. ic(50) values for the following phytopathogens were determined: aspergillus ochraceus am 456, fusarium culmorum am 282, fusarium oxysporum am 13, fusarium tricinctum am 16. effect of compound structures, especially stereogenic centers, on fungistatic activity has been discussed. the highest fungistatic activity was observed for trans-7,8-dibromo-cis-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-2 ... | 2011 | 21520970 |
| associations between fungal species and water damaged building materials. | fungal growth in damp or water damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. one aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water damaged building materials. another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fung ... | 2011 | 21531835 |
| exploration of islamic medicine plant extracts as powerful antifungals for the prevention of mycotoxigenic aspergilli growth in organic silage. | background: feed contamination with mycotoxins is a major risk factor for animals and humans as several toxins can exist as residues in meat and milk products, giving rise to carry-over to consumers via ingestion of foods of animal origin. the starting point for prevention, in this chain, is to eliminate the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi in the animal forage. ten plant extracts, recommended in islamic medicine, were evaluated as antifungal agents against mycotoxigenic aspergilli, i.e. aspergillu ... | 2011 | 21547917 |
| determination of ochratoxin a in apples contaminated with aspergillus ochraceus by using a microfluidic competitive immunosensor with magnetic nanoparticles. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a mycotoxin produced by filamentous fungi of the genus aspergillus and penicillium that presents carcinogenic, teratogenic and nephrotoxic properties. in this work, we have developed, characterized and applied an immunoassay methodology comprised of magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) as platform for immobilizing bioactive materials incorporated into a microfluidic system for rapid and sensitive quantification of ochratoxin a (ota) in apples (red delicious) contaminated with aspe ... | 2011 | 21611646 |
| cytotoxicity of aspergillus fungi isolated from hospital environment. | the majority of mycotoxins produced by aspergillus fungi are immunosuppressive agents, and their cytotoxicity may impair defense mechanisms in humans. the objective of the study was evaluation of the cytotoxicity of fungi isolated from an environment where inpatients with impaired immunity were present. the materials comprised 57 fungal strains: aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger: aspergillus ochraceus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus versicolor and aspergillus ustus isolated from hospital ... | 2011 | 21630575 |
| modulation of rifampicin toxicity by 6 mfa, an interferon inducer obtained from fungus aspergillus ochraceus. | the effect of 6 mfa (sixth mycelial fraction of acetone), an interferon inducer obtained from fungus aspergillus ochraceus, on rifampicin toxicity was studied in rats. chronic oral administration of rifampicin (1 g/kg per day) for 30 days produced thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anaemia, transient leukopenia and increased nucleated cells in bone marrow and decreased weights of thymus and spleen significantly in male rats. furthermore, chronic administration of rifampicin induced significant increase ... | 1998 | 21781870 |
| label-free spatial analysis of free and enzyme-bound nad(p)h in the presence of high concentrations of melanin. | the analysis of autofluorescence, often regarded as undesired noise during the imaging of biological samples, allows label free, unbiased detection of nad(p)h and melanin in native samples. because both the emission and absorption spectra of these fluorophores overlap and they can hence not be differentiated using emission filters or with different excitation wavelengths, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim) is used to differentiate between them. in the present paper the application o ... | 2011 | 21894494 |
| xylanase and β-xylosidase production by aspergillus ochraceus: new perspectives for the application of wheat straw autohydrolysis liquor. | the xylanase biosynthesis is induced by its substrate-xylan. the high xylan content in some wastes such as wheat residues (wheat bran and wheat straw) makes them accessible and cheap sources of inducers to be mainly applied in great volumes of fermentation, such as those of industrial bioreactors. thus, in this work, the main proposal was incorporated in the nutrient medium wheat straw particles decomposed to soluble compounds (liquor) through treatment of lignocellulosic materials in autohydrol ... | 2011 | 22072141 |
| isolation and identification of microbes associated with mobile phones in dammam in eastern saudi arabia. | this study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of mobile phones in the city of dammam, in the eastern region of saudi arabia, and identify the most important microbial species associated with these phones in order to take the necessary remedial measures. | 2010 | 22022665 |
| ochratoxigenic moulds and effectiveness of grape field antifungals in a climatic change scenario. | background: the presence of ochratoxin a (ota) in grapes and grape derivatives has been reported mainly in the mediterranean area. consequently, great efforts are being made to prevent the growth of aspergillus on grapes. however, the european commission suggests that climate change may result in increased temperatures and longer drought periods in southern europe. therefore the aim of this study was to investigate how ochratoxigenic fungal growth and the efficiency of fungicides used at present ... | 2011 | 22131267 |
| Single-walled carbon nanotubes based quenching of free FAM-aptamer for selective determination of ochratoxin A. | Ochratoxin A, a toxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum, is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins in the world. It has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen. In this paper, a sensitive and selective fluorescent aptasensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection was constructed, utilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as quencher which can quench the fluorescence of free unfolded toxin ... | 2011 | 21962677 |
| Prevention of Aspergillus ochraceus growth on and Ochratoxin a contamination of sausages using ozonated air. | Mycotoxigenic moulds can grow on the surface of sausages and reduce the safety of these sausages for consumption. The aim of this study was to prevent the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus and the presence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) on the surface of Milano-type sausages using ozonated air. Spores of A. ochraceus were used to inoculate the casings of the sausages after casing. A portion of the lot (35 samples) was ripened in typical rooms, and another portion (35 samples) was dried and ripened in a sep ... | 2012 | 22202877 |
| the effects of wild thyme (thymus serpyllum l.) essential oil components against ochratoxin-producing aspergilli. | the aim of this study was to determine the effects of the essential oil of thymus serpyllum l. and of its components thymol and total phenols (total phenolic content, tpc) extracted from the plant on the growth and mycotoxin production of aspergillus ochraceus, a. carbonarius, and a. niger. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determined for the essential oil and thymol, and selected concentration of the tpc extract inhibited fungal growth and ochratoxin a biosynthesis by more than 60 %, depen ... | 2012 | 23334040 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties. | the efficacy of dehydrozingerone (dz; dehydroderivative of zingerone) as an antifungal agent and its mode of action against food spoilage fungal pathogens was studied and presented. dz is a constituent of ginger (zingiber officinale rhizomes) and structural half analogue of curcumin. its efficacy against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated. effect of dz on the growth and sporulation of a. o ... | 2012 | 23278709 |