| electron microscopic identification of viruses associated with poult enteritis in turkeys grown in california 1993-2003. | poult enteritis (pe) is one of the most common diseases seen in young turkey flocks. since 1993, more than 1800 cases of suspected pe have been submitted for examination by negative stain electron microscopy; this has involved more than 2400 individual results, because in many cases more than one virus was identified; at least 1500 individual results were positive for viruses. viruses have been identified in poults as young as 3 days and up to 9 wk of age. the most commonly found viruses are rot ... | 2008 | 18646448 |
| enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the united states between 2005 and 2006. | intestinal samples collected from 43 commercial broiler and 33 commercial turkey flocks from all regions of the united states during 2005 and 2006 were examined for the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and coronavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and for the presence of groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by pcr. phylogenetic analysis was performed to further characterize the viruses and to evaluate species association and geographic patterns. astroviruses were ide ... | 2008 | 18646452 |
| consensus nested pcr amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses. | the orthoreoviruses are segmented rna viruses that infect diverse vertebrate host species. while the most common human orthoreovirus, mammalian reovirus, is not typically associated with significant disease, the majority of orthoreovirus species have been shown to cause significant and often fatal disease in reptiles, birds, and primates. there is significant potential for jumping species. a consensus nested-pcr method was designed for investigation of the rna-dependent rna polymerase gene of or ... | 2009 | 18656318 |
| structural and biological characteristics of reoviruses isolated from muscovy ducks (cairina moschata). | two muscovy duck reoviruses, strains y1/79 and 1625/87, were investigated with regard to their genome organization, polypeptide pattern, serotype specificity, and pathogenicity. electrophoretic analysis of the genome revealed the migration pattern of avian reoviruses. in spite of general conformity, great polymorphism was detected in the electrophoretic mobility of individual genome segments of the two strains sharing only three segments of identical size (l1, m2, m3). only one segment (m3) migr ... | 1992 | 18670963 |
| replication of four antigenic types of avian reovirus in subpopulations of chicken leukocytes. | the replication of four antigenic types of avian reovirus in various subpopulations of avian leukocytes was investigated. virus replication was detected in infected cells by immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody against a virion protein and by electron microscopy. all four types of reovirus replicated in cultured, adherent mononuclear cells of both bone marrow and peripheral blood origin causing lysis and fusion of the infected cells. some evidence of strain variation in the capacity of ... | 1993 | 18671023 |
| interaction of avian reovirus with chicken lymphoblastoid cell lines. | four chicken lymphoblastoid cell lines were inoculated with avian reovirus strain s1133 and two local isolates, 965 and 615. of the inoculated cell lines, tlt, a b-cell line, was productively infected with the three viruses as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. a comparative growth curve analysis of the three avian reoviruses was done at 37 degrees and 41 degrees c. isolate 965 replicated to a higher titre at both temperatures while the replication ... | 1994 | 18671093 |
| early pathogenesis in chicks of infection with a trypsin-sensitive avian reovirus. | experiments are described which show how the sensitivity to trypsin of avian reovirus strain tr1 restricts its replication in the intestine of the chicken in comparison with a trypsin-resistant strain r2. following oral infection with a high dose (5.3 log10 tcid50), the trypsin-sensitive virus generally showed lower titres than the resistant one in all tissues examined. infection of chicks with strain tr1 via the respiratory route enabled the virus to spread throughout the body and localize in t ... | 1994 | 18671134 |
| a western blot to detect antibody to avian reovirus. | purified reoviruses ram-1 and 74/2 were combined and used as antigen. the western blot detected antibodies to 16/16 avian reoviruses in sera from experimentally inoculated chickens, and to 6/7 reoviruses in contact sera from naturally infected chickens. the test was specific for avian reovirus and was more sensitive and specific than immunofluorescence. | 1990 | 18679959 |
| a trypsin-sensitive avian reovirus: isolation and experimental infection of poults and chicks. | a reovirus (strain tr1) was isolated from the hock joint of a turkey with arthritis. it was rarely excreted in the faeces of poults after oral or intranasal inoculation and only occasionally following footpad inoculation. the virus did not localise in the hock joints or cause lesions. cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression of poults did not modify the infection. oral inoculation of chicks with a high dose of strain tr1 resulted in joint localisation, of virus and erosive arthritis. footpad i ... | 1991 | 18679994 |
| serological and pathogenic characterization of avian reoviruses isolated in quebec. | reoviruses were isolated from intestinal contents of broiler chickens from nine flocks in quebec with malabsorption syndrome. serum neutralization test demonstrated the existence of antigenic differences between the isolates and the reference vaccine strain. the isolated reoviruses were inoculated orally and into the foot pad in one-day-old chicks, resulting in a transient, but significant depression in body weight gains. chickens infected with isolate 615, showed in addition to growth problems, ... | 1991 | 18680058 |
| effects of experimental immunosuppression on reovirus-induced tenosynovitis in light-hybrid chickens. | groups of specific pathogen-free light-hybrid chickens which had been immunosuppressed either by surgical thymectomy (tx) or surgical bursectomy (bx) or cyclophosphamide (cy) treatment or tx plus cy treatment (tx + cy), as well as intact (untreated) birds, were inoculated with graded doses of an arthrotropic avian reovirus at 1 day of age and observed up to 5 weeks post-inoculation (p.i.). cy-treatment with or without tx considerably increased the mortality, incidence of gross leg lesions and se ... | 1987 | 18766593 |
| rapid passage of avian reovirus in one-day-old chicks: clinical and virological findings. | two avian reoviruses, strain reo-25 and isolate w3-492 were inoculated orally in 1-day-old chicks. three to seven days post inoculation (dpi), the liver, spleen, pancreas, caecal tonsil and duodenum were collected, weighed and titrated in cell culture for their viral content. the different tissue homogenates collected were passaged several times in 1-day-old chicks. reo-25 virus was passaged only at 3-day intervals and w3-492 virus was passaged at 3- and 7- or 14-day intervals. for both reo-25 a ... | 1987 | 18766609 |
| blue wing disease of chickens: isolation of avian reovirus and chicken anaemia agent. | viruses were regularly isolated from chickens affected with blue wing disease (bwd). all of the isolates in chicken embryo liver (cel) cells except one were avian reoviruses as identified by size, morphology and cross-agar gel precipitation. an additional agent was isolated in a t-lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-msb1. this agent has physico-chemical properties similar to those of caa and it cross reacts with the reference gifu-1 strain of caa in an indirect immunofluorescence test. | 1988 | 18766664 |
| blue wing disease of chickens: experimental infection with a swedish isolate of chicken anaemia agent and an avian reovirus. | isolates of an avian reovirus and chicken anaemia agent (caa) from a field case of blue wing disease (bwd) in sweden were inoculated into groups of spf, one-day-old chicks as follows: expt 1, an organ suspension from the field case; expt 2, a selected non-purified reovirus isolate grown in chicken embryo liver cells. expt 3, a plaque-purified reovirus strain; expt 4, the caa isolate from the organ suspension and expt 5, a combination of reovirus (from expt 3) and caa (from expt 4). the inoculati ... | 1988 | 18766665 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibody titre against avian reovirus using a single dilution of serum. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described to measure antibody titres to avian reovirus in a single dilution of serum. various methods of antigen coating were compared. overnight treatment of plates at 4 c with antigen diluted in 0.01 m phosphate buffered saline, ph 7.5 appeared to be the most suitable as it increased the sensitivity and specificity of the test. standard curve equations derived from linear regression analyses of predetermined end-point titres versus absor ... | 1988 | 18766698 |
| comparison of chick embryo liver and vero cell cultures for the isolation and growth of avian reoviruses. | twenty-two strains of avian reovirus, all of which had had several passages in avian embryonic cell cultures, produced cpe in vero cells after 1 to 3 passages. however, even after five blind passages, reoviruses were not isolated in vero cells from faecal or joint material already shown to contain reovirus by ' chick embryo liver (celi) passage. growth characteristics of celi- or vero-adapted reovirus strain r2 were compared. even after 15 passages in vero cells, strain r2 still replicated in ce ... | 1988 | 18766738 |
| the pathogenicity of some avian reoviruses with particular reference to tenosynovitis. | in two experiments, 13 avian reoviruses from different sources were tested in specific pathogen-free (spf) light hybrid chicks at 1-day-old for their pathogenicity with particular respect to tenosynovitis. all strains including two from commercial ducks and another from a wedge-tail eagle caused tenosynovitis. in most cases the lesions were macroscopic but in a few only microscopic abnormalities were observed after footpad or oral inoculation. in the first experiment with six british strains, in ... | 1984 | 18766835 |
| reovirus-induced tenosynovitis in chickens: the effect of breed. | the effect of breed of chicken on infection with an arthrotropic avian reovirus strain r2 was studied by oral or footpad inoculation of 1-day-old chicks of the following breeds: (1) specific pathogen-free (spf) light-hybrid, (2) commercial white leghorn egg-layer, and (3) commercial ross i broiler, and observed to 12 weeks of age. although most inoculated birds of all three breeds developed swelling of one or both legs below the hock joint at 3 to 4 weeks of age, gross lesions of tenosynovitis b ... | 1984 | 18766865 |
| serological characteristics of avian reoviruses of australian origin. | the antigenic relationship of plaque purified avian reoviruses isolated from commercial chickens in australia was determined with a serum neutralisation procedure using antisera prepared in rabbits. ten selected isolates were assigned to three groups based upon relatedness values determined by cross-neutralisation studies. considerable cross-reactivity was demonstrated against heterologous types and the three groups were considered to be subtypes rather than distinct serotypes. | 1984 | 18766870 |
| experimental reovirus infection in chickens: observations on early viraemia and virus distribution in bone marrow, liver and enteric tissues. | the nature of viraemia and tissue distribution of reovirus were studied in the early phase after oral infection of 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chicks with the r2 strain of avian reovirus. a range of tissues collected up to 3 weeks after infection was titrated for their viral content. virus was present in the plasma, erythrocyte and mononuclear fractions of the blood within 30 hours post-inoculation (p.i.) and was widely distributed in tissues, including the bone marrow b ... | 1985 | 18766901 |
| adaptation and characteristics of replication of a strain of avian reovirus in vero cells. | one of six australian strains of avian reovirus was adapted to replicate in an african green monkey kidney (vero) cell line. the cytopathic effect of the adapted strain in vero cells was characterised by syncytium formation occurring 12 hours post-infection, coincident with the production of progeny virus. the virus in vero cells was very cell-associated and longer incubation times were required for titration than in primary cultures of chicken kidney cells. methods for determination of the 50% ... | 1985 | 18766925 |
| reisolation of avian arthrotropic reovirus r2 from chicks infected as embryos. | four groups of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken eggs of 7 days' incubation were inoculated via the yolk sac with a range of 10-fold dilutions of avian reovirus r2. deaths between days 8 and 18 of incubation increased in number with increased virus dose inoculated, and virus was recovered with high frequency from all groups except those given the lowest dose. for those chicks which hatched, cloacal swabs at day-old failed to demonstrate virus in the chicks given the lowest dose, although thos ... | 1985 | 18766930 |
| some observations on the isolation and cultivation of avian reoviruses. | for the cultivation of avian reoviruses a comparison was made of cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts, lungs, liver, kidney and chicken kidney and fertile eggs inoculated via the yolk sac, chorioallantoic membrane or allantoic cavity. chick embryo liver was found to be the most sensitive cell culture method and the yolk sac the best inoculation route for eggs. chicken kidney cells were second to embryonic liver cells, but peak titres of cell-bound and cell-free virus occurred later than in ... | 1982 | 18770208 |
| ultrastructural histopathology of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane infected with an avian reovirus. | the histopathological pattern of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane infected by an avian reovirus, crawley strain, has been investigated by semithin sections and transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. the typical virus-induced pock is made up of a crust of necrotic ectodermal cell elements, an ectodermal proliferation and a proliferated, infiltrated, and oedematous mesoderm. large crystals of virions are present in the ectodermal cells of the pock, where the details of the vi ... | 1980 | 18770272 |
| viral arthritis/tenosynovitis: a review. | a review if presented of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, one of the clinical manifestations of avian reovirus infection in chickens. since the detection of a viral etiology of arthritis/tenosynovitis in 1957, the disease has been reported in various parts of the world. pathological features of the disease include inflammatory lesions in the extensor and flexor tendons and tendon sheaths of the posterior limbs and in the tibiotarsal joints. hepatitis, myocarditis, hydropericardium, as well as inte ... | 1977 | 18770337 |
| studies on experimental tenosynovitis in light hybrid chickens. | a group of light hybrid chicks was inoculated via the footpad at 1-day-old with an avian reovirus isolated from ruptured gastrocnemius tendons, and were housed with a similar number of uninoculated chicks (in-contacts) from the same hatch. though all inoculated birds showed swellings of the injected leg after 7 days, lesions of tenosynovitis did not develop in the other leg or in either leg of in-contacts until they were 6- to 7-weeks-old. lesions in leg tendons, and particularly the digital fle ... | 1978 | 18770368 |
| crystal structure of the avian reovirus inner capsid protein sigmaa. | avian reovirus, an important avian pathogen, expresses eight structural and four nonstructural proteins. the structural sigmaa protein is a major component of the inner capsid, clamping together lambdaa building blocks. sigmaa has also been implicated in the resistance of avian reovirus to the antiviral action of interferon by strongly binding double-stranded rna in the host cell cytoplasm and thus inhibiting activation of the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase. we have solved the stru ... | 2008 | 18799570 |
| baculovirus surface display of sigmac and sigmab proteins of avian reovirus and immunogenicity of the displayed proteins in a mouse model. | avian reovirus (arv), an important pathogen in poultry, causes arthritis, chronic respiratory disease, and malabsorption syndrome that cause considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. in present study, we have succeeded in construction of a universal baculovirus surface display system (ubsds) that can display different foreign proteins on the envelope of baculovirus. sequences encoding the signal peptide (ss), transmembrane domain (tm), and cytoplasmic domain (ctd) derived from the gp ... | 2008 | 18809448 |
| novel reovirus isolation from an ostrich (struthio camelus) in japan. | an orthoreovirus was isolated from an ostrich (struthio camelus) and rapidly identified as orthoreovirus by the rapid determination of viral rna sequences (rdv) system and electron microscopy. phylogenetic analysis of the sigma a protein indicated that the isolate belonged to avian species and was closely related to chicken orthoreovirus strain 138. the results of the present study indicated that an ostrich orthoreovirus is slight different from other chicken orthoreoviruses and provided evidenc ... | 2009 | 18838232 |
| sequence analysis of four double-stranded rna genomic segments reveals an orthoreovirus with a unique genotype infecting psittaciformes. | this paper describes the characterization of four double-stranded ribonucleic acid segments, s1, s2, s3, and s4, of a newly identified pathogenic reovirus from parrots. the four segments share a unique 5' terminus gcuuuuc. the amino-acid sequences of the conserved sigma a and sigma ns proteins show less than 60% sequence similarity, whereas those of the outer capsid proteins sigma b and sigma c have at most 47% sequence similarity to their counterparts in other bird or bat reoviruses. in a phylo ... | 2008 | 18939639 |
| avian reovirus l2 genome segment sequences and predicted structure/function of the encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase protein. | the orthoreoviruses are infectious agents that possess a genome comprised of 10 double-stranded rna segments encased in two concentric protein capsids. like virtually all rna viruses, an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) enzyme is required for viral propagation. rdrp sequences have been determined for the prototype mammalian orthoreoviruses and for several other closely-related reoviruses, including aquareoviruses, but have not yet been reported for any avian orthoreoviruses. | 2008 | 19091125 |
| seroprevalence of avian reovirus in egg-laying chicken flocks in china. | in the present study, the epidemiologic status of avian reovirus (arv) infections was investigated from egg-laying chicken flocks in china with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. because the chickens were not vaccinated against arv, antibodies were attributed to the infection. antibodies specific to arv were found in more than 92% (542/587) of the average positivity and ranged from 30% to 100% in different chicken population. a virus, designated hb06, was isolated from flocks with ... | 2008 | 19166062 |
| modulation of p53 by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and protein kinase c delta during avian reovirus s1133-induced apoptosis. | arv s1133 infection caused apoptosis in vivo and in vitro; however, the intracellular signaling pathways have not been fully delineated. we have previously demonstrated that arv s1133 activates proapoptotic signaling from src to p53, and further investigated how arv s1133 modulates p53. we found that arv s1133 forms syncytia and induces apoptosis in cef, df1 and vero cells with different kinetics. enhancement of p53 phosphorylation and dna-binding capacity to bax and bad promoters was found in t ... | 2009 | 19168198 |
| reovirus infection in two species of psittaciformes recently imported into italy. | an outbreak of reovirus infection with high mortality in two groups of recently imported psittacine birds is reported. the disease in the two species involved, african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) and australian king parrots (alisterus scapularis), had differences in clinical presentation and gross lesions. reovirus particles were observed by electron microscopy and ultrastructural examination of tissues, and two viruses were isolated in cell culture, one from each bird species. ... | 2001 | 19184872 |
| crystallographic structure of the alpha-helical triple coiled-coil domain of avian reovirus s1133 fibre. | avian reovirus fibre, a homo-trimer of the sigmac protein, is a minor component of the avian reovirus outer capsid. it is anchored via a short n-terminal sequence to the inner capsid lambdac pentamer, and its protruding globular c-terminal domain is responsible for primary host cell attachment. we have previously solved the structure of a receptor-binding fragment in which residues 160-191 form a triple beta-spiral and 196-326 a beta-barrel head domain. here we have expressed, purified and cryst ... | 2009 | 19218213 |
| avian reovirus influences phosphorylation of several factors involved in host protein translation including eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eef2) in vero cells. | viral infection usually influences cellular protein synthesis either actively or passively via modification of various translation initiation factors. here we demonstrated that infection with avian reovirus (arv) interfered with cellular protein synthesis. this study demonstrated for the first time that arv influenced the phosphorylation of translation initiation factors including eif4e and eif-4g. interestingly, arv also induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation elongation factor (eef2) ... | 2009 | 19406104 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of chestnut and quebracho woods extracts against avian reovirus and metapneumovirus. | field evidences have suggested that a natural extract, containing tannins, could be effective against poultry enteric viral infections. moreover previous studies have shown that vegetable tannins can have antiviral activity against human viruses. based on this knowledge three different chestnut (castanea spp.) wood extracts and one quebracho (schinopsis spp.) wood extract, all containing tannins and currently used in the animal feed industry, were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against a ... | 2009 | 19435637 |
| avian reovirus sigmaa localizes to the nucleolus and enters the nucleus by a nonclassical energy- and carrier-independent pathway. | avian reovirus sigmaa is a double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding protein that has been shown to stabilize viral core particles and to protect the virus against the antiviral action of interferon. to continue with the characterization of this viral protein, we have investigated its intracellular distribution in avian cells. most sigmaa accumulates into cytoplasmic viral factories of infected cells, and yet a significant fraction was detected in the nucleolus. the protein also localizes in the nucle ... | 2009 | 19640987 |
| development of elisa kits for antibodies against avian reovirus using the sigmac and sigmab proteins expressed in the methyltropic yeast pichia pastoris. | both the sigmac and sigmab proteins of avian reovirus (arv) can induce type- and group-specific neutralizing antibodies, respectively. in this study, the full-length of s1133 sigmac, 1071-1 sigmac, s1133 sigmab, and s1133 sigmac-sigmab fusion genes of arv were cloned into a secreted vector ppiczalphaa and then integrated into the chromosome of pichia pastoris for induced expression. western blot assay showed that arv sigmac, sigmab, and sigmac-sigmab fusion proteins were expressed and secreted i ... | 2010 | 19643143 |
| growth and maintenance of quail fibrosarcoma qm5 cells. | this appendix describes techniques for culturing quail fibrosarcoma qm5 cell lines, one of the preferred cell lines in which many avian reovirus studies take place. | 2009 | 19653212 |
| avian reoviruses: propagation, quantification, and storage. | avian reoviruses (arvs) are pathogens that cause significant morbidity among commercial poultry. arvs are prototypic representatives of non-enveloped viruses that can cause cell-cell fusion. they belong to the reoviridae family, which contains many highly pathogenic viruses. arvs are ubiquitous in commercial poultry and are frequently isolated from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of chickens with acute infections. the virus causes a range of disease states in chicken, including viral ... | 2009 | 19653215 |
| amp-activated protein kinase facilitates avian reovirus to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) p38 and mapk kinase 3/6 signalling that is beneficial for virus replication. | stimulated by energetic stress, amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) controls several cellular functions. it was discovered here that infection of vero cells with avian reovirus (arv) upregulated ampk and mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) p38 phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. being an energy status sensor, ampk is potentially an upstream regulator of mapk p38. treatment with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (aicar), a well-known activator of ampk, induced phosphoryl ... | 2009 | 19656961 |
| conserved structure/function of the orthoreovirus major core proteins. | orthoreoviruses are infectious agents with genomes of 10 segments of double-stranded rna. detailed molecular information is available for all 10 segments of several mammalian orthoreoviruses, and for most segments of several avian orthoreoviruses (arv). we, and others, have reported sequences of the l2, all s-class, and all m-class genome segments of two different avian reoviruses, strains arv138 and arv176. we here determined l1 and l3 genome segment nucleotide sequences for both strains to com ... | 2009 | 19720241 |
| multifaceted sequence-dependent and -independent roles for reovirus fast protein cytoplasmic tails in fusion pore formation and syncytiogenesis. | fusogenic reoviruses utilize the fast proteins, a novel family of nonstructural viral membrane fusion proteins, to induce cell-cell fusion and syncytium formation. unlike the paradigmatic enveloped virus fusion proteins, the fast proteins position the majority of their mass within and internal to the membrane in which they reside, resulting in extended c-terminal cytoplasmic tails (cts). using tail truncations, we demonstrate that the last 8 residues of the 36-residue ct of the avian reovirus p1 ... | 2009 | 19759162 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of infectious bronchitis virus in infected chicken tissues. | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay targeting the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was developed. the detection limits for the ibv rt-lamp assay were 10(1) 50% egg infection dose (eid(50)) per 50 microl of titrated viruses and no cross-reaction of ibv rt-lamp was found when tested with other viruses including newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), and infectious laryngotrachietis virus (iltv) due to the ... | 2010 | 19835950 |
| toward the development of a plant-based vaccine against reovirus. | transgenic lines of arabidopsis thaliana producing recombinant tc protein were developed. the s1 gene encoding sigmac protein of an avian reovirus (arv) was amplified by reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr). the amplified product was cloned into a plant-expression vector, pe1857, with a strong promoter for expression. the resulting construct with the bar gene cassette for bialaphos selection was designated rpe-sigmac and was introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens by electroporation. agrobacteri ... | 2009 | 19848075 |
| apoptosis induced by duck reovirus p10.8 protein in primary duck embryonated fibroblast and vero e6 cells. | muscovy duck reovirus (mdrv) is an important poultry pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in ducklings. the mechanisms by which viruses kill susceptible cells, and ultimately produce diseases, in muscovy duck remain poorly understood. in this study, we focused on the biologic functions of the mdrv p10.8 protein in vitro. the p10.8 protein is a small protein of mdrv that is encoded by the first open reading frame of the s4 segment. in our study, the p10.8-encoding gene was individual ... | 2009 | 19848085 |
| infection with a pathogenic turkey coronavirus isolate negatively affects growth performance and intestinal morphology of young turkey poults in canada. | turkey coronavirus (tcov) is an important viral pathogen causing diarrhoea of young turkey poults that is associated with sizeable economic losses for the turkey industry. using a field isolate that was found to be free from turkey astrovirus and avian reovirus we were able to reproduce the clinical disease associated with tcov. clinical signs and weight gain of poults during experimental infections were compared with age-matched, uninfected controls. poults infected at 2 days of age had 100% mo ... | 2009 | 19937512 |
| recombinant protein-based elisa for detection and differentiation of antibodies against avian reovirus in vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens. | two nonstructural genes, sigmans and p17, of avian reovirus (arv) were cloned into the expression plasmid vector pgex4t-1. expressed proteins for sigmans and p17 of avian reovirus were purified and used as antigens. three indirect sigmans enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas), sigmans-elisa, p17-elisa and sigmans-p17-elisa were optimized and used as specific tests. serum samples from reovirus-infected and vaccinated spf chickens were tested with the three elisas and an agar gel precipitin ... | 2010 | 20026121 |
| intracellular cleavage of sigmaa protein of avian reovirus. | by western blot analyzes of expression of avian reovirus proteins, one unknown fragment was detected by an anti-sigmaa monoclonal antibody in virus-infected cells lysate. it was interesting to note that rna interference against sigmaa resulted in the suppression of the unknown fragment. using various lengths of sigmaa constructs conjugated with different tags, we present evidences to demonstrate that the fragment comes from the cleavage of sigmaa and is the larger carboxyl-terminus, termed sigma ... | 2010 | 20079780 |
| activation of pi 3-kinase/akt/nf-kappab and stat3 signaling by avian reovirus s1133 in the early stages of infection results in an inflammatory response and delayed apoptosis. | avian reovirus (arv) strain s1133 causes apoptosis in host cells in the middle to late stages of infection. this study investigated the early-stage biological response and intracellular signaling in arv s1133-infected vero and chicken cells. treatment with conditioned medium from arv s1133-infected cells increased the chemotactic activity of u937 cells. neutralizing antibodies against il-1beta and il-6 showed that both cytokines contribute to viral-induced inflammation but neither affect cell su ... | 2010 | 20170934 |
| avian reovirus microns protein forms homo-oligomeric inclusions in a microtubule-independent fashion, which involves specific regions of its c-terminal domain. | members of the genus orthoreovirus replicate in cytoplasmic inclusions termed viral factories. compelling evidence suggests that the nonstructural protein microns forms the matrix of the factories and recruits specific viral proteins to these structures. in the first part of this study, we analyzed the properties of avian reovirus factories and microns-derived inclusions and found that they are nonaggresome cytoplasmic globular structures not associated with the cytoskeleton which do not require ... | 2010 | 20181708 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of pcr methods for the detection of extraneous agents and comparison with in vivo testing. | in this study the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), avian influenza virus (aiv) and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was compared to the sensitivity of the corresponding serological tests described in the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.). for this purpose, serial 10-fold dilutions of the respective inactivated vaccines were prepared and groups of spf chickens were vaccinated with a double dose ... | 2010 | 20338784 |
| development, standardization and assessment of pcr systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. | the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (ivmps) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. nucleic acid testing (nat) is fast, highly sensitive and has a h ... | 2010 | 20338785 |
| a preliminary study on viral decontamination of chicken serum using gamma-irradiation. | a preliminary experiment was carried out to determine whether a decontamination procedure using gamma irradiation, similar to that adopted in the european guideline for bovine serum contaminated by pestivirus, could be applied to chicken serum. chicken sera spiked with known amounts of enveloped and non-enveloped chicken viruses were gamma irradiated. the remaining live viruses were then measured by titration and the virus reduction capacity of the irradiation process was established for both en ... | 2010 | 20347330 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in breeder turkeys. | the present study was undertaken to detect and characterize enteric viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus, and coronavirus) in breeder poults. five turkey breeder flocks were selected. faecal samples were collected from all flocks at 1 week of age and then every other week until the poults reached 9 weeks of age. the faecal samples were pooled in groups of five. of the 193 pools ("samples") tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 47.2%, 30.6%, and 10.4% samples were positiv ... | 2010 | 20390537 |
| astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus concomitant infection causes decreased weight gain in broad-breasted white poults. | turkey astrovirus type-2 (tastv-2), turkey rotavirus (trotv), and turkey reovirus (treov) have been implicated as possible causes of enteric diseases and poor production in turkeys; however, numerous studies with each individual virus have failed to reproduce the disease as observed in the field. therefore, in this study we evaluated the pathogenesis of all possible combinations of one, two, or three viruses in comparison to sham inoculates in 3-day-old turkey poults. body weights were recorded ... | 2010 | 20408393 |
| avian reovirus nonstructural protein p17-induced g(2)/m cell cycle arrest and host cellular protein translation shutoff involve activation of p53-dependent pathways. | the effects of avian reovirus (arv) p17 protein on cell cycle progression and host cellular protein translation were studied. arv infection and arv p17 transfection resulted in the accumulation of infected and/or transfected cells in the g(2)/m phase of the cell cycle. the accumulation of cells in the g(2)/m phase was accompanied by upregulation and phosphorylation of the g(2)/m-phase proteins atm, p53, p21(cip1/waf1), cdc2, cyclin b1, chk1, chk2, and cdc25c, suggesting that p17 induces a g(2)/m ... | 2010 | 20484520 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of sigma c protein from avian reovirus. | avian reovirus (arv) causes viral arthritis, tenosynovitis, liver infection and immunosuppression in birds. live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines for arv are available, but do not efficiently protect against recent variants. sigma c, which mediates virus attachment to target cells, is the most variable protein in arv. antibodies to this protein neutralize viral infection. the purpose of the present study was to characterize sigma c in isolates of arv from infected birds, as compared with the ... | 2010 | 20544425 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against muscovy duck reovirus sigmab protein. | the sigmab protein of muscovy duck reovirus (drv), one of the major structural proteins, is able to induce neutralizing antibody in ducks, but the monoclonal antibody (mab) against sigmab protein has never been characterized. | 2010 | 20569474 |
| facilitated leaky scanning and atypical ribosome shunting direct downstream translation initiation on the tricistronic s1 mrna of avian reovirus. | the s1 mrna of avian reovirus is functionally tricistronic, encoding three unrelated proteins, p10, p17 and σc, from three sequential, partially overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the mechanism of translation initiation at the 3'-proximal σc orf is currently unknown. transient rna transfections using renilla luciferase reporter constructs revealed only a modest reduction in reporter expression upon optimization of either the p10 or p17 start sites. insertion of multiple upstream aug (uaug) ... | 2010 | 20610435 |
| retrospective study of myocarditis associated with reovirus in turkeys. | the myocarditis associated with reovirus in commercial turkeys was studied retrospectively. fifty-two cases were identified between 1991 and 2009. the lesions occurred in four different poultry companies in california and affected male and female turkeys with an average age of 19 days. increased mortality in the turkey flocks ranged from 0.35% to 3% per week in 47 cases. reovirus was isolated from the heart in 14 out of 19 cases. twenty-four out of 28 birds from nine cases had low vitamin e leve ... | 2010 | 20945784 |
| immunogenicity of a dna vaccine of avian reovirus orally delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium. | this study aimed to assess the ability of a salmonella typhimurium-mediated avain reovirus dna vaccine in eliciting antibody production. six-day-old spf chickens were orally immunized with sl7207 (pvax-σc) twice at 2-week interval, detectable antibody was generated 2weeks after immunization and was significantly higher than the control groups (p<0.01) and ten chickens (66.7%) were considered safe in the subsequent challenge. these results show that sl7207 (pvax-σc) can induce protective antibody ... | 2010 | 20947110 |
| ic-tagging and protein relocation to arv muns inclusions: a method to study protein-protein interactions in the cytoplasm or nucleus of living cells. | characterization of protein-protein interactions is essential for understanding cellular functions. although there are many published methods to analyze protein-protein interactions, most of them present serious limitations. in a different study we have characterized a novel avian reovirus muns-based protein tagging and inclusion targeting method, and demonstrated its validity to purify free an immobilized protein. | 2010 | 21072177 |
| a versatile molecular tagging method for targeting proteins to avian reovirus muns inclusions. use in protein immobilization and purification. | avian reoviruses replicate in viral factories, which are dense cytoplasmic compartments established by protein-protein interactions. the non-structural protein muns forms the factory scaffold that attracts other viral components in a controlled fashion. to create such a three-dimensional network, muns uses several different self-interacting domains. | 2010 | 21103063 |
| the genomic constellation of a novel avian orthoreovirus strain associated with runting-stunting syndrome in broilers. | avian orthoreoviruses (arvs) are responsible for considerable economic losses in broiler chickens; yet, the genetic characterization of most arv strains is limited to a few genes, and the full coding region has been determined for only s1133 and 138, two arv strains associated with tenosynovitis. recently, in parts of the united states, arvs with novel neutralization antigen type were isolated from chickens afflicted with runting-stunting syndrome. one such strain, avs-b, was selected for full g ... | 2010 | 21116842 |
| mixed infection with reovirus and chlamydophila in a flock of budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus). | eleven budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) from a zoological collection presented at necropsy with emaciation and splenomegaly or hepatomegaly or both. polymerase chain reaction assays performed on liver and spleen samples were positive for chlamydophila psittaci in 2 of 3 birds tested, and histologic findings in 2 additional birds were compatible with chlamydiosis. the aviary was subsequently closed to the public, and a 45-day treatment regimen with doxycycline in the seeds was initiated. no ... | 2010 | 21302762 |
| expression of avian reovirus minor capsid protein in plants. | the minor coat protein of the avian reovirus (arv), sc, encoded by the s1 genome segment, is one of the major candidates for the development of a subunit vaccine against arv infection. to develop a plant-based vaccine to immunize poultry against arv infection, we constructed 4 plant nuclear expression vectors with or without codon modification of the s1 gene, and their expression was driven by a camv 35s promoter or rice actin1 promoter. in addition, the expressed sc proteins were targeted subce ... | 2011 | 21354211 |
| functional investigation of grass carp reovirus nonstructural protein ns80. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489306 |
| ic-tagged proteins are able to interact with each other and perform complex reactions when integrated into muns-derived inclusions. | we have recently developed a versatile tagging system (ic-tagging) that causes relocation of the tagged proteins to arv muns-derived intracellular globular inclusions. in the present study we demonstrate (i) that the ic-tag can be successfully fused either to the amino or carboxyl terminus of the protein to be tagged and (ii) that ic-tagged proteins are able to interact between them and perform complex reactions that require such interactions while integrated into muns inclusions, increasing the ... | 2011 | 21802457 |
| avian and mammalian reoviruses use different molecular mechanisms to synthesize their muns isoforms. | previous reports revealed that the m3 gene of both avian and mammalian reoviruses express two muns isoforms in infected cells. the larger isoforms initiate translation at the 5'-closest aug of their respective m3 mrnas, and were therefore designated muns. in this study we have performed experiments to identify the molecular mechanisms by which the smaller muns isoforms are generated. the results of this study confirmed previous findings indicating that the smaller mammalian reovirus muns isoform ... | 2011 | 21795469 |
| avian reovirus s1133-induced dna damage signaling and subsequent apoptosis in cultured cells and in chickens. | in this study, intracellular signaling in arv s1133-mediated apoptosis was investigated. a microarray was used to examine the gene expression profiles of cells upon arv s1133 infection and arv-encoded pro-apoptotic protein sc overexpression. the analysis indicated that in the set of dna-damage-responsive genes, ddit-3 and gadd45a were both upregulated by viral infection and sc overexpression. further investigation demonstrated that both treatments caused dna breaks, which increased the expressio ... | 2011 | 21779911 |
| development of taqman real-time rt-pcr for detection of avian reoviruses. | avian reoviruses (arvs) are an important cause of economic losses in commercial poultry. a taqman real-time rt-pcr assay for detecting of arvs was developed. the primer-probe set was from the conserved region of arv s4 genome segment. real-time rt-pcr detected arv strains including co8 and ss412 strains, which belonged to different serological subgroups, and the test had no cross-reaction with other avian viruses. the detection limit of this assay was 5 arv genome copies per 5µl and was 150 time ... | 2011 | 21762732 |
| differentiating infected from vaccinated animals, and among virulent prototypes of reovirus. | birds are most susceptible to infection by avian reovirus, genus orthoreovirus family reoviridae, at a young age. although chicks are protected by antibodies transferred from vaccinated maternal flocks, due to the many variants in the field, the efficiency of the vaccines is limited. the level of antibodies against viruses is generally determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using the whole virus as the antigen. this has some disadvantages: first, the test measures antibodies ag ... | 2011 | 21762731 |
| cell entry of avian reovirus follows a caveolin-1-mediated and dynamin-2-dependent endocytic pathway that requires activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and src signaling pathways as well as microtubules and small gtpase rab5 protein. | very little is known about the mechanism of cell entry of avian reovirus (arv). the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of arv entry and subsequent infection. cholesterol mainly affected the early steps of the arv life cycle, because the presence of cholesterol before and during viral adsorption greatly blocked arv infectivity. although we have demonstrated that arv facilitating p38 mapk is beneficial for virus replication, its mechanism remains unknown. here, we show that arv-induced ... | 2011 | 21705803 |
| [expression and identification of sigmac gene of avian reovirus by baculovirus expression system]. | recombinant baculovirus containing sigmac gene of avian reovirus was constructed using bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system, and recombinant sigmac protein was expressed by infecting the sf9 cell with recombinant baculovirus. firstly, sigmac gene of avian reovirus was cloned and inserted into donor plasmid pfastbachta to obtain recombinant donor plasmid pfsigmac. plasmid pfsigmac was transformed into e. coli dh10bac for integration into bacmid vector and the recombinant bacmid plasmid bacmid ... | 2011 | 21874905 |
| Antigenic analysis monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of sB protein of Muscovy duck reovirus. | sB is one of the major structural proteins of Muscovy duck reovirus (DRV), which is able to induce protective immune response in target birds. Four anti-DRV sB MAbs were identified belong to two distinct epitopes, designated A (1E5, 4E3, and 5D8) and B (2F7) (Liu et al., 2010). To understand antigenic determinants of the sB protein, a set of 20 (P1-P20), partially overlapping and consecutive peptides spanning sB were expressed and then screened by MAbs. With Western blot and enzyme-linked immuno ... | 2011 | 22197425 |
| Wide-range protection against avian reovirus conferred by vaccination with representatives of four defined genotypes. | Many isolates of the contagious avian reovirus have been characterized, mainly based on the sequence of their sigma C protein. These isolates have been classified into four genotypes. Currently available vaccines are of limited effectiveness, likely due to the existence of many variants. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a vaccine consisting of a mixture of prototypes (representatives) of the four defined genotypic groups of avian reovirus. The prototypes were selected based on t ... | 2011 | 21911023 |
| avian reovirus triggers autophagy in primary chicken fibroblast cells and vero cells to promote virus production. | avian reovirus (arv) is an important cause of disease in poultry. although arv is known to induce apoptosis in infected cells, the interaction between arv and its target cells requires further elucidation. in this report, we show that the arv isolate strain gx/2010/1 induces autophagy in both vero and primary chicken embryonic fibroblast (cef) cells based on the appearance of an increased number of double-membrane vesicles, the presence of gfp-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (gfp- ... | 2012 | 22241622 |
| proteomics analysis of the df-1 chicken fibroblasts infected with avian reovirus strain s1133. | avian reovirus (arv) is a member of the orthoreovirus genus in the reoviridae family. it is the etiological agent of several diseases, among which viral arthritis and malabsorption syndrome are the most commercially important, causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. although a small but increasing number of reports have characterized some aspects of arv infection, global changes in protein expression in arv-infected host cells have not been examined. the current study used ... | 2014 | 24667214 |
| mortality associated with avian reovirus infection in a free-living magpie (pica pica) in great britain. | avian reoviruses (arvs) cause a range of disease presentations in domestic, captive and free-living bird species. arvs have been reported as a cause of significant disease and mortality in free-living corvid species in north america and continental europe. until this report, there have been no confirmed cases of arv-associated disease in british wild birds. | 2015 | 25880683 |
| rhoa/rock1 regulates avian reovirus s1133-induced switch from autophagy to apoptosis. | autophagy is an essential process in the control of cellular homeostasis. it enables cells under certain stress conditions to survive by removing toxic cellular components, and may protect cells from apoptosis. in the present study, the signaling pathways involved in arv s1133 regulated switch from autophagy to apoptosis were investigated. | 2015 | 25944062 |
| genetic and pathogenic characterisation of 11 avian reovirus isolates from northern china suggests continued evolution of virulence. | avian reovirus (arv) infections characterised by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth have become increasingly frequent in recent years. in this study, we isolated and identified 11 arv field strains from chickens with viral arthritis and reduced growth in northern china. comparative analysis of the σc nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrated that all isolates, except ln05 and js01, were closely related to arv s1133 and clustered in the first genetic lineag ... | 2016 | 27752067 |
| relationship between different enteric viral infections and the occurrence of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan. | the aim of this study is to determine if enteric viruses are the cause of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan. intestinal content samples were collected from 101 broiler flocks from several regions of jordan to detect the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). forty-six of these flocks were clinically healthy with no enteric disease, and the other 55 flocks were clinically suffering from diarrhea. the samp ... | 2016 | 27190109 |
| development of an antigen-capture elisa for the detection of avian leukosis virus p27 antigen. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) employing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against p27 was developed for the detection of the avian leukosis virus (alv). the specificity of the optimized ac-elisa was evaluated using avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), avian leukosis virus subgroup a (alv-a), avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), marek's disease virus (mdv), avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowlpo ... | 2013 | 23201286 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr for the detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, and reovirus in turkeys. | this study was undertaken to develop and validate a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) for simultaneous detection of avian rotavirus, turkey astrovirus-2 (tastv-2), and avian reovirus. primers targeting the conserved regions of nsp4 gene of avian rotavirus, polymerase gene of tastv-2, and s4 gene of avian reovirus were used. the position of bands at 630, 802, and 1120 base pairs on agarose gel confirmed the presence of rotavirus, tastv-2, and reovirus, respective ... | 2012 | 23050480 |
| microspheres-prime/rmva-boost vaccination enhances humoral and cellular immune response in ifnar(-/-) mice conferring protection against serotypes 1 and 4 of bluetongue virus. | bluetongue virus (btv) is the causative agent of bluetongue disease (bt), which affects domestic and wild ruminants. at the present, 27 different serotypes have been documented. vaccination has been demonstrated as one of the most effective methods to avoid viral dissemination. to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of inactivated and attenuated vaccines we engineered a new recombinant btv vaccine candidate based on proteins vp2, vp7, and ns1 of btv-4 that were incorporated into avian ... | 2017 | 28322923 |
| muscovy duck reovirus σns protein triggers autophagy enhancing virus replication. | muscovy duck reovirus (mdrv) causes high morbidity and mortality in muscovy ducklings at 10 days old and can persist in an infected flock until the ducklings of 6 weeks old. it shares common physicochemical properties with avian reovirus (arv) and differs in coding assignment and pathogenicity. the arv p17 protein has been shown to trigger autophagy via activation multiple signaling pathways, which benefits virus replication. since mdrv lacks the p17 protein, whether and how mdrv induces autopha ... | 2017 | 28288679 |
| current limitations in control of viral arthritis and tenosynovitis caused by avian reoviruses in commercial poultry. | avian reoviruses are the causative agent of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis in chickens and turkeys. clinical signs of disease include swelling of the hock joints accompanied by lesions in the gastrocnemius and digital flexor tendons causing lameness in addition to hydropericardium. the economic impact is significant as it results in poor weight gain, increased feed conversion ratios and condemnations at the processing plant. vaccination with both live attenuated and inactivated oil emulsion vacci ... | 2016 | 28024855 |
| a double-stranded probe coupled with isothermal amplification for qualitative and quantitative detection of avian reovirus. | we applied a probe-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cy5-rtqlamp) technique targeting the avian reovirus (arv) s3 gene to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for virus detection and quantification. this test specifically detected the presence of arv, but not other viruses or bacteria present in clinical or artificially spiked samples, including newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, fowl adenovirus, marek's disease virus, escherichia coli, and ... | 2017 | 28013385 |
| detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in enteritis-affected commercial broiler chickens in india. | a study was conducted to detect and characterize the enteric viruses (chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian orthoreovirus) present in flocks of commercial broiler chickens suffering from enteritis in haryana, india. the intestinal contents were collected from 65 enteritis-affected flocks (cases) and tested by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr). of these 65 cases, 35 (53.80%) were positive for a single virus and 26 (40.00%) for two viruses. the remaining four samples were negative f ... | 2017 | 27928915 |
| lineage diversification, homo- and heterologous reassortment and recombination shape the evolution of chicken orthoreoviruses. | the near complete genome sequences of ten field avian orthoreovirus (arv) strains collected from young chicken between 2002 and 2011 in hungary have been determined in order to explore the genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms affecting arvs in this region. sequence analyses and phylogenetic calculations revealed similar geographic distribution and distinct evolution in case of eight studied strains that were closely related to the recently described hungarian strain t1781. the remaining ... | 2016 | 27830770 |
| orthoreovirus outer-fiber proteins are substrates for sumo-conjugating enzyme ubc9. | reoviruses are potential anticancer agents due to their ability to induce cell death in tumor cells. grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the best characterized models on reovirus pathogenesis in vitro. however, there is little known about how sumoylation affects reovirus pathogenesis. the sumo conjugating enzyme 9 (ubc9) determines the targets of sumoylation. here, the protein interactions between reovirus outer fiber proteins, specifically gcrv-104 vp55, and ubc9 were probed using a yeast two- ... | 2016 | 27806335 |
| health evaluation of african penguins (<i>spheniscus demersus</i>) in southern africa. | the african penguin (spheniscus demersus) is an endangered seabird that breeds along the coast of namibia and south africa, and disease surveillance was identified as a priority for its conservation. aiming for the establishment of baseline data on the presence of potential pathogens in this species, a comprehensive health assessment (blood smear examination, haematology, biochemistry and serology) was conducted on samples obtained from 578 african penguins at 11 breeding colonies and a rehabili ... | 2016 | 27796116 |
| suppression of vimentin phosphorylation by the avian reovirus p17 through inhibition of cdk1 and plk1 impacting the g2/m phase of the cell cycle. | the p17 protein of avian reovirus (arv) causes cell cycle retardation in a variety of cell lines; however, the underlying mechanism(s) by which p17 regulates the cell cycle remains largely unknown. we demonstrate for the first time that p17 interacts with cdk1 and vimentin as revealed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation and gst pull-down assays. both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that direct interaction of p17 and cdk1/vimentin was mapped within the amino terminus (aa 1-60) of p17 and ... | 2016 | 27603133 |
| potential immunomodulatory effects of non-dialyzable materials of cranberry extract in poultry production. | studies on effects of cranberry products in animals, especially in chickens, are very scarce or even lacking. this study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight non-dialyzable materials (ndms) of cranberry extract. the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. the ability of ndms (0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/ml) to enhance phagocytic activities was also evaluated using chicken heterophils (ches) against staphylococcus aureus furthermore, a broiler mo ... | 2017 | 27587728 |
| response of three different viruses to interferon priming and dithiothreitol treatment of avian cells. | we have previously shown that the replication of avian reovirus (arv) in chicken cells is much more resistant to interferon (ifn) than the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or vaccinia virus (vv). in this study, we have investigated the role that the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated protein kinase (pkr) plays in the sensitivity of these three viruses toward the antiviral action of chicken interferon. our data suggest that while interferon priming of avian cells blocks vaccinia ... | 2016 | 27440902 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of mycoplasma synoviae by an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction-based assay on a field-deployable device. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms), causing respiratory diseases, arthritis, and eggshell apex abnormalities in avian species, is an important pathogen in the poultry industry. implementation of a biosecurity plan is important in ms infection management. working on a field-deployable pockit™ device, an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) assay has a potential for timely ms detection on the farm. the ms iipcr assay had limit of detection 95% of about 9 genome equivalents by testing seria ... | 2017 | 27389062 |
| avian reovirus σa and σns proteins activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent akt signalling pathway. | the present study was conducted to identify avian reovirus (arv) proteins that can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent akt pathway. based on arv protein amino acid sequence analysis, σa, σns, μa, μb and μns were identified as putative proteins capable of mediating pi3k/akt pathway activation. the recombinant plasmids σa-pcagen, σns-pcagen, μa-pcagen, μb-pcagen and μns-pcagen were constructed and used to transfect vero cells, and the expression levels of the corresponding ... | 2016 | 27233800 |
| optimized polypeptide for a subunit vaccine against avian reovirus. | avian reovirus (arv) is a disease-causing agent. the disease is prevented by vaccination with a genotype-specific vaccine while many variants of arv exist in the field worldwide. production of new attenuated vaccines is a long-term process and in the case of fast-mutating viruses, an impractical one. in the era of molecular biology, vaccines may be produced by using only the relevant protein for induction of neutralizing antibodies, enabling fast adjustment to the emergence of new genetic strain ... | 2016 | 27155492 |