| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium cynomolgi. | 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences of different species of plasmodium were aligned and analyzed to determine the molecular diversity among different species of plasmodium. at content of p. cynomolgi, p. ovale, p. falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae ranged from 62.30 to 63.15, 63.90 to 65.29, 66.67 to 68.40, 61.66 to 63.25 and 64.09 to 76.36 in case respectively. gc content of p. cynomolgi, p. ovale, p. falciparum, p. vivaxand p. malariae ranged from 36.85 to 37.70, 34.71 to 36.43, 31.60 to 33.27, ... | 2017 | 28316417 |
| persistence and activation of malaria hypnozoites in long-term primary hepatocyte cultures. | malaria relapses, resulting from the activation of quiescent hepatic hypnozoites of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, hinder global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. as primaquine, the only drug capable of eliminating hypnozoites, is unsuitable for mass administration, an alternative drug is needed urgently. currently, analyses of hypnozoites, including screening of compounds that would eliminate them, can only be made using common macaque models, principally macaca rhesus and macac ... | 2014 | 24509527 |
| evidence of non-plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in kédougou, sénégal. | expanded malaria control efforts in sénégal have resulted in increased use of rapid diagnostic tests (rdt) to identify the primary disease-causing plasmodium species, plasmodium falciparum. however, the type of rdt utilized in sénégal does not detect other malaria-causing species such as plasmodium ovale spp., plasmodium malariae, or plasmodium vivax. consequently, there is a lack of information about the frequency and types of malaria infections occurring in sénégal. this study set out to bette ... | 2017 | 28049489 |
| plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale infections in the china-myanmar border area. | the greater mekong subregion is aiming to achieve regional malaria elimination by 2030. though a shift in malaria parasite species predominance by plasmodium vivax has been recently documented, the transmission of the two minor plasmodium species, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale spp., is poorly characterized in the region. this study aims to determine the prevalence of these minor species in the china-myanmar border area and their genetic diversity. | 2016 | 27846879 |
| low prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria in clinically diagnosed adult women from the wakiso district of uganda. | the malaria burden in sub-saharan africa (ssa) has fallen substantially. nevertheless, malaria remains a serious health concern, and uganda ranks third in ssa in total malaria burden. epidemiological studies of adult malaria in uganda are scarce and little is known about rates of malaria in non-pregnant adult women. this pilot study assessed malaria prevalence among adult women from wakiso district, historically a highly malaria endemic region. | 2016 | 27842555 |
| dissecting malaria biology and epidemiology using population genetics and genomics. | molecular approaches have an increasingly recognized utility in surveillance of malaria parasite populations, not only in defining prevalence and incidence with higher sensitivity than traditional methods, but also in monitoring local and regional parasite transmission patterns. in this review, we provide an overview of population genetic and genomic studies of human-infecting plasmodium species, highlighting recent advances in the field. in accordance with the renewed impetus for malaria eradic ... | 2017 | 27825828 |
| screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency using three detection methods: a cross-sectional survey in southwestern uganda. | despite the potential benefit of primaquine in reducing plasmodium falciparum transmission and radical cure of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale infections, concerns over risk of hemolytic toxicity in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (g6pdd) have hampered its deployment. a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 to assess the g6pdd prevalence among 631 children between 6 and 59 months of age in southwestern uganda, an area where primaquine may be a promising ... | 2016 | 27672207 |
| molecular evidence of high rates of asymptomatic p. vivax infection and very low p. falciparum malaria in botswana. | botswana is one of eight sadc countries targeting malaria elimination by 2018. through spirited upscaling of control activities and passive surveillance, significant reductions in case incidence of plasmodium falciparum (0.96 - 0.01) was achieved between 2008 and 2012. as part of the elimination campaign, active detection of asymptomatic plasmodium species by a highly sensitive method was deemed necessary. this study was carried out to determine asymptomatic plasmodium species carriage by nested ... | 2016 | 27682611 |
| non-falciparum malaria in dakar: a confirmed case of plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection. | plasmodium ovale is rarely described in senegal. a case of clinical malaria due to p. ovale wallikeri in west central of senegal is reported. | 2016 | 27557982 |
| transfusion-transmitted severe plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a splenectomized patient with beta-thalassaemia major in sabah, malaysia: a case report. | transfusion-transmitted malaria (ttm) is a well-recognized risk of receiving blood transfusions, and has occurred with plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium malariae. the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is also known to be transmissible through inoculation of infected blood, and this species is now the most common cause of malaria in malaysia with a high rate of severity and fatal cases reported. no confirmed case of accidental transfusion-transmitted p. k ... | 2016 | 27405869 |
| low prevalence of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale mono-infections among children in the democratic republic of the congo: a population-based, cross-sectional study. | in an effort to improve surveillance for epidemiological and clinical outcomes, rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) have become increasingly widespread as cost-effective and field-ready methods of malaria diagnosis. however, there are concerns that using rdts specific to plasmodium falciparum may lead to missed detection of other malaria species such as plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. | 2016 | 27392905 |
| climate, environment and transmission of malaria. | malaria, the most common parasitic disease in the world, is transmitted to the human host by mosquitoes of the genus anopheles. the transmission of malaria requires the interaction between the host, the vector and the parasite.the four species of parasites responsible for human malaria are plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax. occasionally humans can be infected by several simian species, like plasmodium knowlesi, recognised as a major cause of human ... | 2016 | 27367318 |
| common asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in western thailand revealed in longitudinal molecular and serological studies: a challenge to malaria elimination. | despite largely successful control efforts, malaria remains a significant public health problem in thailand. based on microscopy, the northwestern province of tak, once thailand's highest burden area, is now considered a low-transmission region. however, microscopy is insensitive to detect low-level parasitaemia, causing gross underestimation of parasite prevalence in areas where most infections are subpatent. the objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of malaria prevalen ... | 2016 | 27333893 |
| seroepidemiology of plasmodium species infections in zimbabwean population. | individuals living in malaria-endemic regions may be exposed to more than one plasmodium species; there is paucity of data on the distribution of the different species of plasmodium in affected populations, in part due to the diagnostic method of microscopy, which cannot easily differentiate between the species. sero-epidemiological data can overcome some of the shortcomings of microscopy. | 2016 | 27165412 |
| investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the democratic republic of congo. | plasmodiums are protozoa that may infect various hosts. only five species are now recognized as naturally parasitizing humans: plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium knowlesi. this fifth species, p. knowlesi, previously identified as naturally parasitizing the monkey macaca fascicularis, has been microscopically confused for a long time with p. malariae or p. falciparum and it was not possible to correctly differentiate them until the advent ... | 2016 | 27141437 |
| clinical implications of a gradual dormancy concept in malaria. | malaria recurrences after an initially successful therapy and malarial fever occurring a long time after infection are well-known problems in malariology. currently, two distinct types of malaria recurrences are defined: recrudescence and relapse. a recrudescence is thought to originate from circulating plasmodium blood stages which do not cause fever before a certain level of a microscopically detectable parasitemia is reached. contrary, a relapse is thought to originate from quiescent intracel ... | 2016 | 27079460 |
| the risk of imported malaria in security forces personnel returning from overseas missions in the context of prevention of re-introduction of malaria to sri lanka. | sri lanka is a malaria-free country. however it remains surrounded by countries with endemic malaria transmission. since the last indigenous case of malaria was reported in october 2012, only imported malaria cases have been diagnosed with 36 cases detected in 2015, which includes 17 cases each of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum and two cases of plasmodium ovale. | 2016 | 26955813 |
| human malaria diagnosis using a single-step direct-pcr based on the plasmodium cytochrome oxidase iii gene. | nested pcrs based on the plasmodium 18s-rrna gene have been extensively used for human malaria diagnosis. however, they are not practical when large quantities of samples need to be processed, further there have been challenges in the performance and when interpreting results, especially when submicroscopic infections are analysed. here the use of "direct pcr" was investigated with the aim of improving diagnosis in the malaria elimination era. | 2016 | 26928594 |
| uk malaria treatment guidelines 2016. | 1.malaria is the tropical disease most commonly imported into the uk, with 1300-1800 cases reported each year, and 2-11 deaths. 2. approximately three quarters of reported malaria cases in the uk are caused by plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of invading a high proportion of red blood cells and rapidly leading to severe or life-threatening multi-organ disease. 3. most non-falciparum malaria cases are caused by plasmodium vivax; a few cases are caused by the other species of plasmodium: pl ... | 2016 | 26880088 |
| non-falciparum malaria infections in pregnant women in west africa. | non-plasmodium falciparum malaria infections are found in many parts of sub-saharan africa but little is known about their importance in pregnancy. | 2016 | 26823277 |
| performance of microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria and human african trypanosomiasis by diagnostic laboratories in the democratic republic of the congo: results of a nation-wide external quality assessment. | the present external quality assessment (eqa) assessed microscopy of blood parasites among diagnostic laboratories in the democratic republic of the congo. the eqa addressed 445 participants in 10/11 provinces (october 2013-april 2014). participants were sent a panel of five slides and asked to return a routinely stained slide which was assessed for quality of preparation and staining. response rate was 89.9% (400/445). for slide 1 (no parasites), 30.6% participants reported malaria, mostly plas ... | 2016 | 26788725 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for identification of five human plasmodium species in malaysia. | the lack of rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostic tests represents the primary hurdle affecting malaria surveillance in resource- and expertise-limited areas. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a sensitive, rapid, and cheap diagnostic method. five species-specific lamp assays were developed based on 18s rrna gene. sensitivity and specificity of lamp results were calculated as compared with microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction. lamp reactions were highly ... | 2016 | 26598573 |
| case report: spontaneous rupture of spleen in patient with plasmodium ovale malaria. | malaria may lead to spontaneous splenic rupture as a rare but potentially lethal complication. most frequently, this has been reported in patients infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, while other parasitic agents are less likely to be the cause.we report a 29-year-old british caucasian, who after returning from a business trip in democratic republic congo was diagnosed with tertian malaria caused by plasmodium ovale.during his in-patient stay, the patient suffered a splenic ... | 2016 | 26542132 |
| quality of malaria diagnosis and molecular confirmation of plasmodium ovale curtisi in a rural area of the southeastern region of ethiopia. | approximately 50 million people (60 %) live in malaria risk areas in ethiopia, at altitudes below 2000 m. according to official data, 60-70 % of malaria cases are due to plasmodium falciparum, and 40-30 % by plasmodium vivax. the species plasmodium ovale was detected in 2013 in the northwest of the country, being the first report of the presence of this species in ethiopia since the 60 s. the aim of this study was to assess the diagnosis by microscopy and pcr, and demonstrate the presence of oth ... | 2015 | 26383920 |
| a molecular survey of acute febrile illnesses reveals plasmodium vivax infections in kedougou, southeastern senegal. | control efforts towards malaria due to plasmodium falciparum significantly decreased the incidence of the disease in many endemic countries including senegal. surprisingly, in kedougou (southeastern senegal) p. falciparum malaria remains highly prevalent and the relative contribution of other plasmodium species to the global malaria burden is very poorly documented, partly due to the low sensitivity of routine diagnostic tools. molecular methods offer better estimate of circulating plasmodium sp ... | 2015 | 26186936 |
| severe malaria complicated by g6pd deficiency in a pediatric tanzanian immigrant. | approximately 1,500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the united states each year. most cases are travelers and immigrants returning from parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs. malaria is the most frequent cause of systemic febrile illness without localizing symptoms in travelers returning from the developing world, so vigilance by providers is needed when evaluating patients returning from areas in which malaria is endemic. despite the availability of effective treatment, malaria ... | 2017 | 25762879 |
| ecology of malaria infections in western lowland gorillas inhabiting dzanga sangha protected areas, central african republic. | african great apes are susceptible to infections with several species of plasmodium, including the predecessor of plasmodium falciparum. little is known about the ecology of these pathogens in gorillas. a total of 131 gorilla fecal samples were collected from dzanga-sangha protected areas to study the diversity and prevalence of plasmodium species. the effects of sex and age as factors influencing levels of infection with plasmodium in habituated gorilla groups were assessed. ninety-five human b ... | 2015 | 25736484 |
| severe morbidity and mortality risk from malaria in the united states, 1985-2011. | recent reports of plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the "benign" course of non-falciparum malarias. | 2014 | 25734104 |
| molecular investigation of mixed malaria infections in southwest saudi arabia. | to investigate the incidence of mixed-species (ms) malaria infection, and compare the results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria. | 2015 | 25719595 |
| sympatric distribution of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri in india: implication for the diagnosis of malaria and its control. | we report the first evidence of sympatric distribution of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri from india. | 2015 | 25716936 |
| complicated malaria: a rare presentation of plasmodium ovale. | malaria has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. complications are commonly seen in plasmodium falciparum (p. falciparum) and plasmodium vivax (p. vivax) infection, but due to plasmodium ovale (p. ovale) infection is rarely described in literature. here we report a case of severe disease due to p. ovale infection complicated with jaundice, thrombocytopenia, hypotension and acute renal failure. | 2015 | 25672340 |
| molecular detection of human plasmodium species in sabah using plasmonex™ multiplex pcr and hydrolysis probes real-time pcr. | malaria is a vector borne-parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of the infective female anopheles mosquitoes. five plasmodium species have been recognized by world health organization (who) as the causative agents of human malaria. generally, microscopic examination is the gold standard for routine malaria diagnosis. however, molecular pcr assays in many cases have shown improvement on the sensitivity and specificity over microscopic or other immunochromatographic assays. | 2015 | 25651852 |
| mass screening and treatment on the basis of results of a plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic test did not reduce malaria incidence in zanzibar. | seasonal increases in malaria continue in hot spots in zanzibar. mass screening and treatment (msat) may help reduce the reservoir of infection; however, it is unclear whether rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) detect a sufficient proportion of low-density infections to influence subsequent transmission. | 2015 | 25429102 |
| efficacy and safety of artemisinin combination therapy (act) for non-falciparum malaria: a systematic review. | artemisinin combination therapy (act) is recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria, whereas chloroquine is still commonly used for the treatment of non-falciparum species (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae). a more simplified, more uniform treatment approach across all malaria species is worthwhile to be considered both in endemic areas and for malaria as an imported condition alike. | 2014 | 25428624 |
| [large trophozoites in blood smear of falciparum malaria: one case report]. | this paper reports one case of atypical falciparum malaria imported from africa, whose blood smear contains many large trophozoites, with punctiform or massive brown pigment granules, the body shape of the plasmodium is similar to that of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale. after the gene detection by pcr, the case was diagnosed as falciparum malaria. as large trophozoites were rarely seen in the peripheral blood of non-severe falciparum malaria cases, much attention should be paid to the ide ... | 2014 | 25345178 |
| immunochromatographic antigen testing alone is sufficient to identify asymptomatic refugees at risk of severe malaria presenting to a single health service in victoria. | current screening guidelines for malaria in new refugees include a combination of thick and thin film examination and immunochromatographic antigen test (ict). however, as the prevalence of malaria in our population has decreased due to changing refugee demographics, we sought to determine if an ict alone can reliably exclude malaria in our asymptomatic refugee population.a retrospective analysis was conducted of all investigations for malaria performed from 1 august 2011 to 31 july 2013, includ ... | 2014 | 25158813 |
| malaria: an update on current chemotherapy. | chemotherapy of malaria has become a rapidly changing field. less than two decades ago, treatment regimens were increasingly bound to fail due to emerging drug resistance against 4-aminoquinolines and sulfa compounds. by now, artemisinin-based combination therapies (acts) constitute the standard of care for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and are increasingly also taken into consideration for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria. | 2014 | 25110058 |
| the ears of the african elephant: unexpected high seroprevalence of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae in healthy populations in western africa. | malaria is a life-threatening pathology in africa. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax attract the most focus because of their high prevalence and mortality. knowledge about the prevalence of the cryptic pathogens plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae is limited. thanks to recombinant tools, their seroprevalence was measured for the first time, as well as the prevalence of mixed infections in a malaria-asymptomatic population in benin, a malaria-endemic country. | 2014 | 24946685 |
| detection of persistent plasmodium spp. infections in ugandan children after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. | during a longitudinal study investigating the dynamics of malaria in ugandan lakeshore communities, a consistently high malaria prevalence was observed in young children despite regular treatment. to explore the short-term performance of artemether-lumefantrine (al), a pilot investigation into parasite carriage after treatment(s) was conducted in bukoba village. a total of 163 children (aged 2-7 years) with a positive blood film and rapid antigen test were treated with al; only 8.7% of these had ... | 2014 | 24837880 |
| the rise and fall of malaria in a west african rural community, dielmo, senegal, from 1990 to 2012: a 22 year longitudinal study. | a better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and burden of the disease is needed to guide strategies to eliminate malaria from highly endemic areas. we monitored and analysed the changes in malaria epidemiology in a village community in senegal, west africa, over 22 years. | 2014 | 24813159 |
| performance of a new gelled nested pcr test for the diagnosis of imported malaria: comparison with microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and real-time pcr. | microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are the techniques commonly used for malaria diagnosis but they are usually insensitive at very low levels of parasitemia. nested pcr is commonly used as a reference technique in the diagnosis of malaria due to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is a cumbersome assay only available in reference centers. we evaluated a new nested pcr-based assay, biomalar kit (biotools b&m labs, madrid, spain) which employs ready-to-use gelled reagents a ... | 2014 | 24770719 |
| evidence for significant influence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria. | malaria has been shown to change blood counts. recently, a few studies have investigated the alteration of the peripheral blood monocyte-to-lymphocyte count ratio (mlcr) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (nlcr) during infection with plasmodium falciparum. based on these findings this study investigates the predictive values of blood count alterations during malaria across different sub-populations. | 2014 | 24758172 |
| high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in south-eastern bangladesh. | the who has reported that rdt and microscopy-confirmed malaria cases have declined in recent years. however, it is still unclear if this reflects a real decrease in incidence in bangladesh, as particularly the hilly and forested areas of the chittagong hill tract (cht) districts report more than 80% of all cases and deaths. surveillance and epidemiological data on malaria from the cht are limited; existing data report plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax as the dominant species. | 2014 | 24406220 |
| an innovative tool for moving malaria pcr detection of parasite reservoir into the field. | to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in low transmission areas such as in cambodia, new, inexpensive, high-throughput diagnostic tools for identifying very low parasite densities in asymptomatic carriers are required. this will enable a switch from passive to active malaria case detection in the field. | 2013 | 24206649 |
| plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri in north-west ethiopia. | in ethiopia plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the dominant species accounting for roughly 60 and 40% of malaria cases, respectively. recently a major shift from p. falciparum to p. vivax has been observed in various parts of the country but the epidemiology of the other human malaria species, plasmodium ovale spp. and plasmodium malariae remains poorly understood. the aim of this study was to assess p. ovale curtisi and wallikeri infection in north-west ethiopia by using microscopy ... | 2013 | 24073668 |
| routine parallel diagnosis of malaria using microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test sd 05fk60: the experience of médecins sans frontières in myanmar. | malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are commonly used in médecins sans frontières (msf) programmes to detect acute malaria infection. programmes in regions with both plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum malaria (i.e. plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax) use a three-band p. falciparum/pan test such as the sd bioline malaria ag p.f/pan 05fk60 (standard diagnostics, kyonggi, republic of korea), hereafter referred to as sd 05fk60, as used by the msf-holland clinics in ra ... | 2013 | 23692957 |
| plasmodium falciparum-like parasites infecting wild apes in southern cameroon do not represent a recurrent source of human malaria. | wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas harbor a multitude of plasmodium species, including six of the subgenus laverania, one of which served as the progenitor of plasmodium falciparum. despite the magnitude of this reservoir, it is unknown whether apes represent a source of human infections. here, we used plasmodium species-specific pcr, single-genome amplification, and 454 sequencing to screen humans from remote areas of southern cameroon for ape laverania infections. among 1,402 blood samples, ... | 2013 | 23569255 |
| misclassification of plasmodium infections by conventional microscopy and the impact of remedial training on the proficiency of laboratory technicians in species identification. | malaria diagnosis is largely dependent on the demonstration of parasites in stained blood films by conventional microscopy. accurate identification of the infecting plasmodium species relies on detailed examination of parasite morphological characteristics, such as size, shape, pigment granules, besides the size and shape of the parasitized red blood cells and presence of cell inclusions. this work explores misclassifications of four plasmodium species by conventional microscopy relative to the ... | 2013 | 23537145 |
| low level of sequence diversity at merozoite surface protein-1 locus of plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri from thai isolates. | the merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) is a candidate target for the development of blood stage vaccines against malaria. polymorphism in msp-1 can be useful as a genetic marker for strain differentiation in malarial parasites. although sequence diversity in the msp-1 locus has been extensively analyzed in field isolates of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, the extent of variation in its homologues in p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri, remains unknown. | 2013 | 23536840 |
| malaria rapid diagnostic tests in endemic settings. | malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are instrument-free tests that provide results within 20 min and can be used by community health workers. rdts detect antigens produced by the plasmodium parasite such as plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 (pfhpr2) and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh). the accuracy of rdts for the diagnosis of uncomplicated p. falciparum infection is equal or superior to routine microscopy (but inferior to expert microscopy). sensitivity for plasmodium viv ... | 2013 | 23438048 |
| malaria rapid diagnostic tests in travel medicine. | malaria is a serious condition in the non-immune traveller, and prognosis depends on timely diagnosis. although microscopy remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are increasingly used in non-endemic settings. they are easy to use, provide results rapidly and require no specific training and equipment. reported sensitivities vary between different rdt products but are generally good for plasmodium falciparum, with rdts detecting the p. falciparum antigen histi ... | 2013 | 23373854 |
| a novel, single-amplification pcr targeting mitochondrial genome highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing malaria among returned travellers in bergen, norway. | nested pcr is a commonly used technique in diagnosis of malaria owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. however, it is time-consuming, open to considerable risk of contamination and has low cost-efficiency. using amplification targets presented in multiple copies, such as rrna 18s, or mitochondrial targets with an even higher copy number, might increase sensitivity. | 2013 | 23336125 |
| self-diagnosis of malaria by travelers and expatriates: assessment of malaria rapid diagnostic tests available on the internet. | in the past malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for self-diagnosis by travelers were considered suboptimal due to poor performance. nowadays rdts for self-diagnosis are marketed and available through the internet. the present study assessed rdt products marketed for self-diagnosis for diagnostic accuracy and quality of labeling, content and instructions for use (ifu). | 2013 | 23301027 |
| discordance in drug resistance-associated mutation patterns in marker genes of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi during coinfections. | human plasmodium knowlesi infections have been reported from several south-east asian countries, excluding india, but its drug susceptibility profile in mixed-infection cases remains unknown. | 2013 | 23292346 |
| hexaplex pcr detection system for identification of five human plasmodium species with an internal control. | malaria remains one of the major killers of humankind and persists to threaten the lives of more than one-third of the world's population. given that human malaria can now be caused by five species of plasmodium, i.e., plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale, and the recently included plasmodium knowlesi, there is a critical need not only to augment global health efforts in malaria control but also, more importantly, to develop a rapid, accurate, species-se ... | 2012 | 23035191 |
| management of imported malaria in europe. | in this position paper, the european society for clinical microbiology and infectious diseases, study group on clinical parasitology, summarizes main issues regarding the management of imported malaria cases. malaria is a rare diagnosis in europe, but it is a medical emergency. a travel history is the key to suspecting malaria and is mandatory in patients with fever. there are no specific clinical signs or symptoms of malaria although fever is seen in almost all non-immune patients. migrants fro ... | 2012 | 22985344 |
| evaluation of the rapid diagnostic test carestart pldh malaria (pf-pldh/pan-pldh) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting. | the present study evaluated carestart pldh malaria, a three-band rapid diagnostic test detecting plasmodium falciparum-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pf-pldh) and pan plasmodium-specific pldh (pan-pldh) in a reference setting. | 2012 | 22704733 |
| cloning, overexpression, purification and characterization of plasmodium knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase. | plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase, key enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, has been shown to be a potential immunodiagnostic marker as well as a novel target for chemotherapy. we have cloned, overexpressed and immunochemically characterized the recombinant lactate dehydrogenase of plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth human malaria parasite. the p. knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase (pkldh) gene was pcr amplified and 0.9 kb pcr product was cloned into pgem-t easy vector. sequencing and blast analysis revealed o ... | 2012 | 22683723 |
| host immune response in returning travellers infected with malaria. | clinical observations suggest that canadian-born (cb) travellers are prone to more severe malaria, characterized by higher parasite density in the blood, and severe symptoms, such as cerebral malaria and renal failure, than foreign-born travellers (fb) from areas of malaria endemicity. it was hypothesized that host cytokine and chemokine responses differ significantly in cb versus fb patients returning with malaria, contributing to the courses of severity. a more detailed understanding of the pr ... | 2012 | 22554058 |
| prospective evaluation of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of non-falciparum and mixed-species malaria in gabon. | the recommendation of artemisinin combination therapy (act) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria is supported by a plethora of high quality clinical trials. however, their recommendation for the treatment of mixed-species malaria and the large-scale use for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria in endemic regions is based on anecdotal rather than systematic clinical evidence. | 2012 | 22515681 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: from malaysia, a novel health care threat. | epidemic foci of plasmodium knowlesi malaria have been identified during the past ten years in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysia borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). based on a review of the available recent international literature, the authors underline the importance of molecular biology examinations, polymerase chain reactions (pcr), performed with primers specific for p. knowlesi, since the current microscopic examination (haemoscope) m ... | 2012 | 22475654 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infection in ranong province, southwestern border of thailand. | plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been reported in humans in many southeast asian countries. in thailand, most of the limited numbers of cases reported so far were from areas near neighbouring countries, including myanmar. | 2012 | 22313518 |
| accurate identification of the six human plasmodium spp. causing imported malaria, including plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium knowlesi. | accurate identification of plasmodium infections in non-endemic countries is of critical importance with regard to the administration of a targeted therapy having a positive impact on patient health and management and allowing the prevention of the risk of re-introduction of endemic malaria in such countries. malaria is no longer endemic in italy where it is the most commonly imported disease, with one of the highest rates of imported malaria among european non-endemic countries including france ... | 2013 | 24034175 |
| persistent parasitism: the adaptive biology of malariae and ovale malaria. | plasmodium malariae causes malaria in humans throughout the tropics and subtropics. plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri are sympatric sibling species common in sub-saharan africa and also found in oceania and asia. although rarely identified as the cause of malaria cases in endemic countries, pcr detection has confirmed all three parasite species to be more prevalent, and persistent, than previously thought. chronic, low-density, multispecies asymptomatic infection is a succe ... | 2016 | 27480365 |
| genome-scale comparison of expanded gene families in plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi with plasmodium malariae and with other plasmodium species. | malaria in humans is caused by six species of plasmodium parasites, of which the nuclear genome sequences for the two plasmodium ovale spp., p. ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri, and plasmodium malariae have not yet been analyzed. here we present an analysis of the nuclear genome sequences of these three parasites, and describe gene family expansions therein. plasmodium ovale curtisi and p. ovale wallikeri are genetically distinct but morphologically indistinguishable and have sympatric range ... | 2016 | 27392654 |
| mouse-based research on quiescent primate malaria parasites. | mice engrafted with primate tissue make two important plasmodial dormancy-related questions researchable. the first is concerned with whether latent merozoites in the lymphatic system can give rise to relapse-like, recurrent malaria in primates. the second is that genetic evidence of hypnozoite activation as the source of relapsing primate malaria can be looked for. | 2016 | 26961183 |
| detection of intracellular parasites by use of the cellavision dm96 analyzer during routine screening of peripheral blood smears. | conventional microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. the cellavision dm96 is a digital hematology analyzer that utilizes neural networks to locate, digitize, and preclassify leukocytes and characterize red blood cell morphology. this study compared the detection rates of plasmodium and babesia species on peripheral blood smears utilizing the cellavision dm96 with the rates for a routine red blood cell morphology scan. a total of 281 slides were analyzed, consisting of 130 slides p ... | 2015 | 25378575 |
| a morphology-based method for the diagnosis of red blood cells parasitized by plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. | the morphology of red blood cells (rbcs) is altered significantly during the maturation stages of malaria parasites, which include ring, trophozoite, and schizont. there is dissimilarity in terms of the morphological characteristics of parasitized rbcs infected by the 4 species of plasmodium, including falciparum, vivax, malariae, and ovale. this makes the process of diagnosis very difficult, which may lead to a wrong treatment method and substantial damage to the health of the patient. an innov ... | 2014 | 24568595 |
| a 20-year longitudinal study of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae prevalence and morbidity in a west african population. | plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. however, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species. | 2014 | 24520325 |
| sequence-based optimization of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. | although microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, molecular detection using pcr is becoming increasingly popular. due to discrepant pcr and microscopy results, we aimed to optimize our detection assays for plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale by sequencing the 18s rrna region and developing a new primer and probe set for real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). clinical specimens positive for p. malariae (n = 15) or p. ovale (n ... | 2014 | 24430459 |
| cyp450 phenotyping and accurate mass identification of metabolites of the 8-aminoquinoline, anti-malarial drug primaquine. | the 8-aminoquinoline (8aq) drug primaquine (pq) is currently the only approved drug effective against the persistent liver stage of the hypnozoite forming strains plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale as well as stage v gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum. to date, several groups have investigated the toxicity observed in the 8aq class, however, exact mechanisms and/or metabolic species responsible for pq's haemotoxic and anti-malarial properties are not fully understood. | 2012 | 22856549 |
| new treatment policy of malaria as a part of malaria control program in indonesia. | malaria control program is one of the oldest program in the ministry of health (moh) republic of indonesia. started with effort to eradicate malaria in 1959 through malaria eradication command well known as kopem (komando pembasmian malaria) then it evolves to malaria control program, roll back malaria program, and the current malaria elimination program. in terms of diagnostic and treatment, the policy has formulated by strictly follow evidence-based principles as well as technical guided from ... | 2012 | 22983085 |
| malaria attacks due to p. vivax or p. ovale in two french military teaching hospitals (2000 to 2009). | non-falciparum malaria is less studied than plasmodium falciparum malaria, both in endemic and non-endemic zones. | 2013 | 23561033 |
| [the acute respiratory distress syndrome in malaria: is it always the prerogative of plasmodium falciparum?]. | severe malaria causes nearly one million deaths annually in endemic areas and is a public health priority worldwide. severity associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a well-known complication of infection with plasmodium falciparum and can reach 25% of infected adults. however, ards is less often described with other plasmodium species. we report the case of a young moroccan soldier who died in an array of ards related to malaria of plasmodium ovale 7 mont ... | 2013 | 23688721 |
| a case of plasmodium ovale malaria imported from west africa. | malaria is a parasitic infection caused by plasmodium species. most of the imported malaria in korea are due to plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum, and plasmodium ovale infections are very rare. here, we report a case of a 24-year-old american woman who acquired p. ovale while staying in ghana, west africa for 5 months in 2010. the patient was diagnosed with p. ovale malaria based on a wright-giemsa stained peripheral blood smear, plasmodium genus-specific real-time pcr, plasmodium speci ... | 2013 | 23710090 |
| an observational study of malaria in british travellers: plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi differ significantly in the duration of latency. | ovale malaria is caused by two closely related species of protozoan parasite: plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri although clearly distinct genetically, there have been no studies comparing the morphology, life cycle or epidemiology of these parasites. we tested the hypothesis that the two species differ in the duration of latency prior to presentation with symptoms of blood-stage infection. | 2013 | 23793668 |
| use of qpcr and genomic sequencing to diagnose plasmodium ovale wallikeri malaria in a returned soldier in the setting of a negative rapid diagnostic assay. | plasmodium ovale is one of several clinically relevant malaria species known to cause disease in humans. however, in contrast to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, which are responsible for most cases of human malaria, p. ovale has a wide distribution but low prevalence in tropical regions. here, we report the case of a soldier returning from liberia with p. ovale wallikeri malaria. this case highlights the limitations of both microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test for diagnos ... | 2013 | 23836567 |
| accuracy of hrp2 rdt (malaria antigen p.f®) compared to microscopy and pcr for malaria diagnosis in senegal. | rapid diagnosis tests (rdts) allow for the confirmation of malaria diagnosis. in senegal, rdts detecting hrp2 have been adopted in 2008 for malaria diagnosis. however, the sustainability of this strategy requires adequate and regular quality control. pcr on dna extracted in nitrocellulose band of rdts enable quality control. a rdt (malaria antigen p.f®) and a thick smear were performed on patients with suspected malaria. dna was extracted from the nitrocellulose band of rdts to which a non-speci ... | 2013 | 23916337 |
| first report of detection and molecular confirmation of plasmodium ovale from severe malaria cases in central india. | we report for the first-time detection of plasmodium ovale in central india. | 2013 | 24001284 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe malaria. | severe malaria may be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), which is associated with a high mortality. in the present report, a series of three cases of imported malaria complicated by refractory severe ards supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is presented. | 2013 | 24127739 |
| mixed-species plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale malaria in a paediatric returned traveller. | malaria is a common and potentially fatal cause of febrile illness in returned travellers. endemic areas for different malaria parasites overlap, but mixed species infections are rare. an adolescent male returned from a trip to ghana in late summer 2013. he subsequently presented with blood smears positive for two species of malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale, on two isolated hospital visits within a six-week period. the epidemiology of mixed infections, likely pathophy ... | 2014 | 24593188 |
| plasmodium ovale: a case of not-so-benign tertian malaria. | severe malaria is most commonly associated with plasmodium falciparum. plasmodium vivax is increasingly recognized as being capable of causing severe disease. in contrast, plasmodium ovale is considered as a cause of benign disease and evidence supporting the occurrence of severe or complicated ovale infection is rare. this report describes a case of severe p. ovale infection in a patient presenting with jaundice, respiratory distress, severe thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and hypotension. he had ... | 2014 | 24612535 |
| [an imported malaria case with mixed infection of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale]. | | 2013 | 24818421 |
| comparison of giemsa microscopy with nested pcr for the diagnosis of malaria in north gondar, north-west ethiopia. | malaria remains one of the leading communicable diseases in ethiopia. early diagnosis combined with prompt treatment is one of the main strategies for malaria prevention and control. despite its limitation, giemsa microscopy is still considered to be the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. this study aimed to compare the performance of giemsa microscopy with nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) for the diagnosis of malaria in north-west ethiopia. | 2014 | 24884606 |
| toward malaria eradication in saudi arabia: evidence from 4-year surveillance in makkah. | saudi arabia has implemented strategies for the eradication of malaria. however, influx of people from countries endemic for malaria for either employment or hajj makes the country highly susceptible to malaria importation. the makkah region is known to host millions of immigrants yearly and has a surveillance system to monitor the incidence of malaria. the objective of this study was to examine malaria patients, nationality, and parasite type in makkah region between 2008 and 2011. | 2014 | 24894785 |
| a molecular survey of febrile cases in malaria-endemic areas along china-myanmar border in yunnan province, people's republic of china. | imported malaria is a major threat to neighboring malaria-eliminating countries such as p.r. china and is difficult to monitor. a molecular survey of febrile patients with a history of traveling abroad along the myanmar-china endemic border areas from january 2008 to august 2012 was carried out. the rates of infection with species of plasmodium and compliance of microscopy diagnosis with nested pcr (polymerase chain reaction) results were calculated. | 2014 | 24954235 |
| malaria-induced splenic infarction. | splenic infarction is a rare complication of malaria. we report two recent cases of splenic infarction after plasmodium vivax infection. no systematic review of malaria-induced splenic infarction was available, therefore we conducted a systematic review of the english, french, and spanish literature in pubmed and koreamed for reports of malaria-associated splenic infarction from 1960 to 2012. of the 40 cases collected on splenic infarction by plasmodium species, 23 involved p. vivax, 11 plasmodi ... | 2014 | 25294615 |
| [epidemiology of imported malaria and entomological study of breeding sites of potential risk areas in the province of khemisset (morocco)]. | no case of autochthonous malaria has been detected in morocco since 2004. this achievement is due to a national strategy to combat the disease by appropriate and well-organized disease detection and treatment, as well as control of the mosquito vector of the disease, the female anopheles mosquito. nonetheless, imported malaria cases have been increasing (75 in 2007), due to the rise in international travel and migration from countries where the disease is endemic. this work is divided into two p ... | 2016 | 25295572 |
| detection of mixed infection level of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax by sybr green i-based real-time pcr in north gondar, north-west ethiopia. | malaria is caused by five plasmodium species and transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. it occurs in single and mixed infections. mixed infection easily leads to misdiagnosis. accurate detection of malaria species is vital. therefore, the study was conducted to determine the level of mixed infection and misdiagnosis of malaria species in the study area using sybr green i-based real time pcr. | 2014 | 25326079 |
| dat-positive plasmodium ovale malaria presenting in a child with sickle cell anemia. | | 2017 | 28211104 |
| a systematic review of the clinical presentation, treatment and relapse characteristics of human plasmodium ovale malaria. | despite increased efforts to control and ultimately eradicate human malaria, plasmodium ovale malaria is for the most part outside the focus of research or public health programmes. importantly, the understanding of p. ovale-nowadays regarded as the two distinct species p. ovale wallikeri and p. ovale curtisi-largely stems from case reports and case series lacking study designs providing high quality evidence. consecutively, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the clinical presentation, ... | 2017 | 28284211 |
| [epidemiologic characteristics of plasmodium ovale in china in 2011-2014]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of plasmodium ovale in 2011-2014 for malaria control policy making during the phase of malaria elimination in china. | 2016 | 27029361 |
| [laboratory detection on two cases with imported plasmodium ovale infection]. | to compare the laboratory tests of the imported plasmodium ovale infection and analyse the genetic character. | 2013 | 24809194 |
| plasmodium ovale malaria in brazil: report of an imported case with a prolonged incubation period. | we report the first case of imported plasmodium ovale in brazil, confirmed using both conventional microscopy and pcr-based protocols. the patient was a 36-year-old brazilian male who had been working as a miner in cabinda province, angola. based on his travel history, the parasite was dormant for at least two years. the relatively long period of incubation of p. ovale may obscure the link between exposure and disease. the recent increase in the number of people travelling to regions where p. ov ... | 2014 | 24727525 |
| parasitological correlates of plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection. | malaria, due to plasmodium ovale, can be challenging to diagnose due to clinically mild disease and low parasite burden. two genetically distinct sub-species of p. ovale exist: plasmodium ovale curtisi (classic) and plasmodium ovale wallikeri (variant). it is presently unknown if the sub-species causing infection affects performance of malaria diagnostic tests. the aim of this work was to understand how the genetically distinct sub-species, p. o. curtisi and p. o. wallikeri, affect malaria diagn ... | 2016 | 27832785 |
| lamp kit for diagnosis of non-falciparum malaria in plasmodium ovale infected patients. | microscopy and rapid diagnosis tests have a limited sensitivity in diagnosis of malaria by plasmodium ovale. the lamp kit (loopamp®) can be used in the field without special equipment and could have an important role in malaria control programmes in endemic areas and for malaria diagnosis in returned travellers. the performance of the pan primer of the kit in detecting malaria by p. ovale was compared with the results of standard npcr in samples of patients returning from p. ovale endemic areas. | 2017 | 28061871 |
| two sympatric types of plasmodium ovale and discrimination by molecular methods. | plasmodium ovale is widely distributed in tropical countries, whereas it has not been reported in the americas. it is not a problem globally because it is rarely detected by microscopy owing to low parasite density, which is a feature of clinical ovale malaria. p.o. curtisi and p.o. wallikeri are widespread in both africa and asia, and were known to be sympatric in many african countries and in southeast asian countries. small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurrna) gene, cytochrome b (cytb) gene, and m ... | 2016 | 28065415 |
| [diagnosis and analysis of the first imported ovale malaria case in wenzhou city]. | the first imported case of plasmodium ovale infection in wenzhou city was confirmed by microscopy and pcr test. the patient returned from the people's republic of congo to wenzhou for three and a half months presented a history of fever with chills and rigors on april 30, 2012. the results from peripheral blood smear examination and pcr analysis confirmed a diagnosis of p. ovale infection. the patient was treated with chloroquine plus primaquine for eight days and the symptoms improved. | 2013 | 24818395 |
| [species identification in 5 imported cases previously diagnosed as vivax malaria by parasitological and nested pcr techniques]. | to identify the species of malaria parasites in 5 imported cases previously diagnosed as vivax malaria. | 2013 | 24812863 |
| assessment of point-of-care diagnostics for g6pd deficiency in malaria endemic rural eastern indonesia. | patients infected by plasmodium vivax or plasmodium ovale suffer repeated clinical attacks without primaquine therapy against latent stages in liver. primaquine causes seriously threatening acute hemolytic anemia in patients having inherited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. access to safe primaquine therapy hinges upon the ability to confirm g6pd normal status. carestart g6pd, a qualitative g6pd rapid diagnostic test (g6pd rdt) intended for use at point-of-care in impoverishe ... | 2016 | 26894297 |