| autochthonous dirofilaria repens in austria. | in europe animal and human infections due to dirofilaria repens are increasing. | 2014 | 24885284 |
| stable transmission of dirofilaria repens nematodes, northern germany. | | 0 | 24447653 |
| serological and molecular detection of dirofilaria species in stray dogs and investigation of wolbachia dna by pcr in turkey. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are the most common species of filarial nematodes described in the dogs. a single-step multiplex pcr was applied to detect and differentiate simultaneously and unequivocally d. immitis and d. repens on dna extracted from canine peripheral blood and besides to detect the seroprevalance of d. immitis by elisa in elazig province, turkey. a pcr detection of the wolbachia, which plays an important role in d. immitis biology and contributes to the inflammator ... | 2016 | 28032096 |
| the prevalence of dirofilaria repens in cats, healthy dogs and dogs with concurrent babesiosis in an expansion zone in central europe. | dirofilaria repens is a mosquito-transmitted, filarial nematode parasitizing dogs, cats and other carnivores. recently, this parasite has spread in central europe, including poland. the aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of d. repens in cats and dogs in different regions of the country and to investigate the occurrence and consequences of co-infection with another fast-spreading vector-borne parasite, babesia canis. | 2016 | 27595920 |
| canine filarial infections in a human brugia malayi endemic area of india. | a very high prevalence of microfilaremia of 42.68 per cent out of 164 canine blood samples examined was observed in cherthala (of alappuzha district of kerala state), a known human brugia malayi endemic area of south india. the species of canine microfilariae were identified as dirofilaria repens, brugia malayi, and acanthocheilonema reconditum. d. repens was the most commonly detected species followed by b. pahangi. d. immitis was not detected in any of the samples examined. based on molecular ... | 2014 | 24971339 |
| dirofilariosis in the americas: a more virulent dirofilaria immitis? | dirofilarioses are widespread diseases caused by filarioid nematodes (superfamily filarioidea) of the genus dirofilaria, which are transmitted by a plethora of mosquito species. the principal agent of canine dirofilariosis in the americas is dirofilaria immitis, which may also occasionally infest humans, resulting in pulmonary nodules that may be confounded with malignant lung tumours. because human cases of dirofilariosis by d. immitis are relatively frequent in the americas and rare in europe ... | 2013 | 24274042 |
| epidemiological investigation on subcutaneous nodule containing a live worm suspected to be dirofilaria repens infection in a woman from rural kerala, india. | | 0 | 24049370 |
| dirofilaria repens microfilariae from a human node fine-needle aspirate: a case report. | human dirofilariosis is still a little known infection even in endemic areas. dirofilariosis is zoonotic infection usually abortive in humans; instead, we report a very rare case (the 4th in the world), the first in italy, in which at least two infective larvae became mature adults that mated and produced active microfilariae even though they did not reach peripheral blood. | 2016 | 27266512 |
| role of golden jackals (canis aureus) as natural reservoirs of dirofilaria spp. in romania. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-transmitted zoonotic nematodes, causing heartworm disease and skin lesions, respectively, in carnivores. in europe, the domestic dog is apparently the main definitive host, but patent infections occur also in other species of carnivores. the rapid spread of the golden jackals (canis aureus) throughout europe opens a question of involvement of this species in the sylvatic cycle of pathogens in the colonised territories, including dirofilaria ... | 2016 | 27121617 |
| development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) approach for the rapid detection of dirofilaria repens from biological samples. | dirofilariasis by dirofilaria repens is an important mosquito vector borne parasitosis, and the dog represents the natural host and reservoir of the parasite. this filarial nematode can also induce disease in humans, and in the last decades an increasing number of cases have been being reported. the present study describes the first loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay to detect d. repens dna in blood and mosquitoes. two versions of the technique have been developed and described: ... | 2016 | 27341205 |
| field clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of an oral formulation containing milbemycin oxime/praziquantel (milbemax®, novartis animal health) in the chemoprevention of the zoonotic canine infection by dirofilaria repens. | dirofilaria repens is the causative agent of subcutaneous dirofilariosis of dogs, other animals and humans. this nematode is transmitted by mosquitoes of aedes, anopheles and culex genera. in dogs, the parasite may cause subclinical infection or cutaneous signs. recently, d. repens has emerged and spread in different geographical areas, with an increase of cases in dogs and humans. chemoprevention in dogs in endemic areas is the most reliable approach for controlling this infection. this paper d ... | 2014 | 25069770 |
| dirofilaria repens: emergence of autochthonous human infections in the czech republic (case reports). | human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection that continues to spread to previously unaffected areas of europe. in the south moravian region of the czech republic (cr), imported as well as autochthonous canine infections were recorded in the last decade, and parasite dna was detected in mosquitoes of aedes vexans. in the present paper, human dirofilaria infections are reported from the country for the first time. | 2016 | 27094256 |
| dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of greece. | the nematodes dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are enzootic in greece. in the light of evidence of dirofilariosis spreading to new areas around the world, the aim of the present study was to update and enrich the current knowledge on the prevalence of dirofilaria infections in dogs in greece, to assess the risk factors of heartworm infection, and to initiate the drawing of the epizootiological map of canine dirofilariosis, investigating dirofilaria infections in five locations along the north-s ... | 2016 | 27646111 |
| vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the federal state of brandenburg, germany. | dirofilaria repens is endemic in eastern and southern european regions but was recently found in germany in dogs, mosquitoes and one human patient. since some of the positive dog and mosquito samples were collected in brandenburg, it was aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of d. repens and other canine vector-borne pathogens in brandenburg. dog owners also received a questionnaire and were asked to provide more information about the dogs including travel history. in total, 1023 dog blo ... | 2016 | 27270389 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infantum, filariae and wolbachia spp. in dogs from southern portugal. | leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis caused by the nematodes dirofilaria immitis or dirofilaria repens are vector-borne zoonoses widely present in the mediterranean basin. in addition, some studies reported that the endosymbiont wolbachia spp. play a role in the biology and pathogenesis of filarial parasites. the aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of mono- and co-infections by l. infantum, filariae and wolbachia spp. and their association with ... | 2016 | 27160085 |
| canine filarial infections in liguria, north-west italy. | this paper reports the findings of a study on the presence of various species of filarial nematodes in dogs in liguria, north-west italy, a region traditionally considered free from the disease. between 2009 and 2012 blood samples were taken from 365 dogs in rural areas in liguria. the blood samples were then submitted to knott's test, histochemical staining, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for dirofilaria immitis antigens. overall, 35 of the 365 ... | 2016 | 25758206 |
| current surveys on the prevalence and distribution of dirofilaria spp. and acanthocheilonema reconditum infections in dogs in romania. | during the last decades, dirofilaria spp. infection in european dogs has rapidly spread from historically endemic areas towards eastern and northeastern countries, but little or no information is available from these geographical regions. the present study provides a picture of filarial infections in dogs from romania and compares two tests for the diagnosis of dirofilaria immitis. from july 2010 to march 2011, blood samples were collected from 390 dogs from nine counties of romania and serologi ... | 2015 | 25544702 |
| comments on potential efficacy of monthly administrations of spot-on moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% in the simultaneous prevention of major canine filarioses. | information on the efficacy of pharmaceutical protocols for the prevention of the major canine filarioses (i.e., dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, and acanthocheilonema reconditum) under natural conditions is scant. chemoprophylaxis for canine filarioses under field conditions deserves to be studied more fully and information about vector biology, ecology, and seasonality has to be well appreciated to correctly set control protocols. it is advisable that researchers planning field trials ... | 2013 | 24096604 |
| on a cercopithifilaria sp. transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus: a neglected, but widespread filarioid of dogs. | abstract: | 2012 | 22212459 |
| evaluation of the therapeutic and preventive efficacy of 2.5 % moxidectin / 10 % imidacloprid (advocate(®), bayer animal health) in dogs naturally infected or at risk of natural infection by dirofilaria repens. | the objective of this gcp-compliant clinical field study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of moxidectin (minimum dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight) and imidacloprid (minimum dose of 10.0 mg/kg body weight) spot-on (advocate(®)) as a preventive and therapeutic treatment of natural infection by dirofilaria repens in dogs in the czech republic.there were two arms of the study, both negatively controlled. 34 animals were randomly allocated to two groups of the treatment arm; 90 negative a ... | 2011 | 21739377 |
| efficacy of a single administration of a spot-on solution containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% in eliminating dirofilaria repens microfilariae in naturally infected dogs. | in the past decade reports of canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis, caused by the mosquito-transmitted nematode dirofilaria repens, increased in number in several countries in europe, along with a rise of human cases. given the merit to the new approaches for the control and treatment of this infection, the present study evaluated the efficacy of a single application of the spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (advocate(-«), bayer animal health) in the elimination of d. ... | 2011 | 21435791 |
| highly sensitive multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection and discrimination of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in canine peripheral blood. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are the most common species of filarial nematodes described in the dogs with increasing spread into new geographical areas. the diagnosis of canine dirofilariosis is usually based upon the microscopical detection and identification of circulating microfilariae together with elisa detection of serum circulating heartworm antigens or antibodies. the identification of the parasite species using the traditional approaches sometimes can be difficult and can ... | 2010 | 20483540 |
| ocular dirofilariasis. | dirofilaria is a parasite of domestic and wild animals that can infect humans accidentally. it is being reported in increasing numbers from mediterranean countries like italy. in india this infection is occasionally being reported. we report three cases of ocular dirofilariasis from the state of assam presenting as periorbital and subconjunctival cysts. the parasites were identified as dirofilaria repens. the purpose of this article is to take note of this emerging zoonosis in assam; also to rev ... | 2010 | 20090252 |
| [a worm infection in the skin of a dog. first autochthonous dirofilaria repens infection ofa dog in the netherlands]. | the history of an 18-month-old english bulldog with a painful lump in the skin on its thigh is described. after opening the nodule a few dirofilaria repens nematodes were found. oval-shaped transparent eggs with moving larvae were seen microscopically. the dog was treated with milbemycin and made a complete recovery. the dog had never been abroad, but 6 months earlier in early may had been on a campsite in the middle of the netherlands where many mosquitoes were present. this is the first descri ... | 2009 | 20055026 |
| intradural dirofilariasis mimicking a langerhans cell histiocytosis tumor. | we report the case of a 6-year-old female who presented a cervical intradural extra-spinal tumor, initially considered as a langerhans cell histiocytosis. additional histological slides revealed a dirofilaria repens dirofilariasis. the particularity of this case is the intradural location of this filariasis, which usually has a subcutaneous or conjunctival location in human. | 2009 | 19489058 |
| potential efficacy of monthly administrations of spot-on moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% in the simultaneous prevention of major canine filarioses. | dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, and acanthocheilonema reconditum are the most important canine filariae. these species are expanding their distribution in both endemic regions and in previously free areas, thus enhancing the risk for single and mixed infestations in both dogs and humans. the present study evaluated the potential use of moxidectin in a spot-on formulation in preventing these dog filarioses in a confined area where the three major canine filariae live in sympatry. the tri ... | 2013 | 23925446 |
| serological detection of circulating angiostrongylus vasorum antigen and specific antibodies in dogs from central and northern italy. | the most frequently employed method for the diagnosis of angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs is the detection of first stage larvae (l1) in faeces. the sensitivity of coproscopy, however, is limited in case of low parasite load, intermittent larval excretion, and during pre-patency. an epidemiological survey on dogs was conducted applying serological methods in two italian regions where angiostrongylosis is endemic in foxes. 265 dog serum samples from tuscany (central italy - site a) and 447 from li ... | 2013 | 23182301 |
| molecular detection of co-infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or babesia canis canis in dirofilaria-positive dogs from slovakia. | recently, several arthropod-borne infections have been introduced into previously non-endemic regions in europe as the result of various global changes. at the same time, endemic regions are expanding and the risk of co-infections is rising, due to climate change that allows vectors to move and spread infectious diseases into new areas. the aim of the current study was to confirm simultaneous infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or babesia canis canis in dirofilaria-infected dogs from s ... | 2014 | 24630708 |
| the risk of vector-borne infections in sled dogs associated with existing and new endemic areas in poland: part 1: a population study on sled dogs during the racing season. | the achievements of sled dogs in competitions depend both on their training and on their health. vector-borne infections may lead to anaemia, affect joints or heart muscle or even cause death. between december 2009 and october 2010, one hundred and twenty six individual blood samples were collected from 26 sled dog kennels situated in different regions of poland. the majority of samples were taken during the racing season (winter 2009/10). the prevalences of 3 vector-borne infections- including ... | 2014 | 24491396 |
| vector-borne pathogens in ticks and edta-blood samples collected from client-owned dogs, kiev, ukraine. | due to the availability of adequate habitats in urban environments, e.g. city parks and recreational green areas, ticks from such settings may also carry pathogens of veterinary and public health concern. thus, tick-borne infections may readily be identified in companion animals residing in urbanised areas. to investigate the presence of vector-borne pathogens in kiev, ukraine, 52 engorged adult ticks, 33 dermacentor reticulatus and 19 ixodes ricinus, were collected from 15 dogs in the spring of ... | 2013 | 23069260 |
| evaluation of a rapid device for serological in-clinic diagnosis of canine angiostrongylosis. | angiostrongylus vasorum is a potentially fatal canine nematode. due to the high variability of clinical signs and the often chronic and subtle course of the infections, the diagnosis is particularly challenging. a rapid in-clinic assay (angio detect test, idexx laboratories, westbrook, maine, usa) for the serological detection of circulating antigen and intended for routine in-clinic diagnosis has been evaluated. | 2014 | 24548539 |
| vector-borne diseases of small companion animals in namibia: literature review, knowledge gaps and opportunity for a one health approach. | namibia has a rich history in veterinary health but little is known about the vector-borne diseases that affect companion dogs and cats. the aim of this review is to summarise the existing published and available unpublished literature, put it into a wider geographical context, and explore some significant knowledge gaps. to date, only two filarial pathogens (dirofilaria repens and acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) and three tick-borne pathogens (babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis and ehrlic ... | 2015 | 26824340 |
| ocular filariasis in us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates. | several factors acting in concert now place us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates at risks of contracting ocular filariasis including increasing seroprevalence rates of zoonotic filariasis, international travel bringing tourists to and expatriates from filariasis-endemic regions, and warming temperatures extending distribution ranges of arthropod vectors. to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of ocular filariasis and to recommend strategies for the diagnosis, management, and pre ... | 2016 | 27159510 |
| nodular presentation of dirofilaria repens infection in a cat mimicking a fibrosarcoma. | a cat with multiple subcutaneous nodules suggesting a soft tissue sarcoma by physical and computed tomographic examination was diagnosed as being affected by subcutaneous filariosis based on cytologic and ultrasonographic assessments. nodules were surgically removed and extracted nematodes were identified by pcr as dirofilaria repens. furthermore, dna of dipetalonema dracunculoides (syn. acantocheilonema dracunculoides) was detected by pcr, with no evidence of circulating microfilariae. to the b ... | 2017 | 27935633 |
| prevalence of dirofilaria immitis (nematoda: filarioidea) in mosquitoes from northeast arkansas, the united states. | a mosquito survey was conducted to identify which species of mosquitoes carry dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (nematoda: filarioidea), dog heartworm, in northeast arkansas. using polymerase chain reaction, mosquitoes were analyzed for d. immitis, dirofilaria repens railliet & henry, and acanthocheilonema dracunculoides cobbold. mosquitoes were collected from april to october 2009 using black light ultraviolet traps baited with dry ice. sixteen mosquito species were identified. d. immitis was identif ... | 2013 | 23926787 |
| dirofilaria immitis and d. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-borne zoonotic filarioids typically infecting dogs, causing a potentially fatal cardiopulmonary disease and dermatological conditions, respectively. the females are larviparous, releasing the larvae (microfilariae) into the bloodstream, which further develop in mosquito vectors. however, microfilaremia greatly fluctuates during a 24-h period. as the sampling time can greatly influence the accuracy of diagnosis, the aim of the present study ... | 2017 | 28245837 |
| clinical and pathological effects of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis in a dog with a natural co-infection. | canine dirofilarioses are mosquito-borne zoonotic diseases with a continuous expansion of their geographical distribution, as a consequence of different climatic and ecological factors. dirofilaria immitis, the aetiological agent of heartworm disease, has gained a major veterinary interest, mainly due to its severe clinical implication. in the last decades, d. repens, despite of being regarded as a less pathogenic species, regained attention due to its recognized zoonotic potential. romania has ... | 2017 | 28232044 |
| development of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in aedes japonicus and aedes geniculatus. | the mosquito-borne filarial nematodes dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens primarily affect dogs but also cats, causing heartworm disease or subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively, and both may also cause zoonotic diseases in humans. several mosquito species have been reported as competent vectors for these nematodes, but no data are available for the invasive mosquito species aedes japonicus (theobald, 1901). the objective of this study was to describe the development of both d. immiti ... | 2017 | 28219407 |
| molecular survey of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens by new real-time taqman(®) pcr assay in dogs and mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in corsica (france). | dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are filarioid nematodes of animals and humans, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. domestic and wild canids are a major natural host and reservoir for these parasites. in this study, we designed a duplex real-time pcr protocol targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene, detecting both d. immitis and d. repens using two primer pairs and two dirofilaria-specific hydrolysable probes. the sensitivity and specificity of the prim ... | 2017 | 28215858 |
| subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a masquerade of a palisaded granulomatous dermatitis. | dirofilaria species are roundworms responsible for "heartworm" in canines. on occasion, humans are an accidental host, resulting in pulmonary (dirofilaria immitis) or extrapulmonary (dirofilaria repens) manifestations. of the extrapulmonary sites of involvement, subcutaneous involvement is particularly common. we report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with an erythematous nodule on her shin, which closely resembled necrobiosis lipoidica on histopathologic examination. on closer exam ... | 2017 | 28000235 |
| the mitochondrial genomes of the zoonotic canine filarial parasites dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens and candidatus dirofilaria (nochtiella) honkongensis provide evidence for presence of cryptic species. | cutaneous dirofilariosis is a canine mosquito-borne zoonosis that can cause larva migrans disease in humans. dirofilaria repens is considered an emerging pathogen occurring with high prevalence in mediterranean areas and many parts of tropical asia. in hong kong, a second species, candidatus dirofilaria hongkongensis, has been reported. the present study aimed to compare mitochondrial genomes from these parasites and to obtain population genetic information. | 2016 | 27727270 |
| impacts of urbanisation level and distance from potential natural mosquito breeding habitats on the abundance of canine dirofilariosis. | dirofilariosis is an emerging mosquito-borne veterinary and medical problem in the northern hemisphere. the ecological investigation of 56 canine dirofilariosis cases in new endemic locations was performed in szeged, hungary. the aim was to analyse the influence of the spatial patterns of dog abundance and the potential mosquito breeding habitats on the spatial occurrence patterns of dirofilariosis in the city of szeged. the limnoecological characterisation was based on the fluvial habitat class ... | 2016 | 27653430 |
| microfilaricidal efficacy of a single administration of advocate(®) (bayer animal health) in dogs naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis or dirofilaria repens. | the present study evaluated the microfilaricidal efficacy of a single application of the spot-on containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (advocate(®), bayer animal health) in dogs naturally infected either by dirofilaria immitis or dirofilaria repens. dogs living in north-eastern and central-southern italy, endemic for d. immitis and d. repens respectively, were randomly screened. sixteen animals, eight infected with d. immitis and eight with d. repens, and fulfilling inclusion criteria were ... | 2016 | 27514879 |
| molecular study of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in dogs from tunisia. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-borne nematodes which infect primarily dogs as their main definitive hosts. they cause cardiopulmonary (d. immitis) or cutaneous (d. repens) dirofilariasis in canids and other carnivores and can accidentally be transmitted to humans where they can induce a variety of clinical outcomes depending on organ localization. dirofilaria spp. infection in dogs was assessed using molecular methods (pcr and sequencing) to identify the different dirofi ... | 2016 | 27401057 |
| heat treatment of serum samples from stray dogs naturally exposed to dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in romania. | pre-heating of serum samples has been shown to reverse false negative antigen tests for dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. here the authors report the results of serum sampling in a population of dogs naturally exposed to d. immitis and dirofilaria repens infection by testing in elisa before and after heat treatment. of 194 dogs sampled from four cities in romania, d. immitis circulating antigens were found in 16 (8.2%) non heated samples and in 52 (26.8%) heated samples. of the 108 dogs exa ... | 2016 | 27369579 |
| erratum to: detection of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis dna in mosquitoes from belarus. | | 2016 | 27249968 |
| first molecular identification of dirofilaria spp. (onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from serbia. | dirofilariosis is a common and widespread veterinary health issue in several european countries with notable zoonotic potential. the causative agents are dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens nematoda species which are transmitted by different mosquito vectors. similar to other mosquito-borne infections, the knowledge about mosquito species involved in disease transmission is crucial for the complex understanding of local transmission cycles. since there is no available data on mosquito spe ... | 2016 | 27193348 |
| detection of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis dna in mosquitoes from belarus. | during the last two decades, belarus faces an increase of human cases of dirofilaria (nematoda, spirurida, onchocercidae) infections. however, comprehensive analyses explaining this development and the identification of mosquito vector species are missing. here, we present results using temperature data from belarus and show that the annual number of human dirofilaria cases is significantly correlated with the yearly average temperatures (spearman's rho = 0.49, p < 0.05) and the average sum of p ... | 2016 | 27169723 |
| the occurrence of the filarial nematode dirofilaria repens in canine hosts from maio island, cape verde. | the prevalence of canine dirofilaria infection in maio island (cape verde) was analysed by serology, morphological and molecular identification of the parasite species. blood and sera were collected from 150 dogs and 80 cats aged over 6 months from various localities of the island. dna was extracted from blood and samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using microfilaria-specific primers. no dirofilaria immitis was found in dogs while d. repens microfilariae were found in 5.3% ... | 2017 | 26830465 |
| human subcutaneous dirofilariasis - case report. | human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis. it usually presents as a nodular lesion in the lung, subcutaneous tissues or eyes. in animals, dirofilariasis is a very common disease with serious cardiovascular and respiratory manifestations. if adequate therapy is not given at the beginning ofthe disease, dirofilariasis can lead to animal death. on the contrary, human dirofilariasis is frequently mild, sporadic and asymptomatic disease. complicat ... | 2015 | 26591641 |
| detection of dirofilaria repens microfilariae in a dog from portugal. | dirofilaria repens causes subcutaneous infection in dogs and cats, and is the main agent of human dirofilariosis in europe. detection of d. repens is described in a dog from portugal, a finding that simultaneously represents the first presumable case of autochthonous infection with the parasite in any animal host species in the country. a mixed d. repens/dirofilaria immitis infection (20:1 ratio) was found, with an overall density of 1267 microfilariae per millilitre of blood. morphological feat ... | 2016 | 26486944 |
| circulation of dirofilaria repens, setaria tundra, and onchocercidae species in hungary during the period 2011-2013. | dirofilaria repens and recently dirofilaria immitis are known to be endemic in hungary. since there is no related research on dirofilaria carrier mosquito species from hungary, we conducted a three-year mosquito surveillance study between 2011 and 2013. during the study period we examined 23,139 female mosquitoes with a generic filaria-specific taqman pcr assay, and characterized them by sequencing a 500 bp segment of 12s rrna. an important result of our study was the detection of setaria tundra ... | 2015 | 26412142 |
| potential mosquito (diptera:culicidae) vector of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis in urban areas of eastern slovakia. | this paper follows the study from 2013 focused on the molecular screening of mosquitoes as vectors of dirofilaria spp. which provided the information on aedes vexans as a potential vector of dirofilaria repens in slovakia. current entomological and molecular research indicates that ae. vexans can participate also in the transmission of dirofilaria immitis within the region. using the standard pcr method, we examined 10,500 mosquitoes (ae. vexans, ae. rossicus, anopheles maculipennis s.l., ochler ... | 2015 | 26391170 |
| description of five dirofilariasis cases in south hungary and review epidemiology of this disease for the country. | dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonosis (supported by climate change) in central europe. human infections are usually caused by dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis with mediation of mosquito vectors. aims of this publication were to report our dirofilariasis cases, and to summarize hungarian epidemiological data by reviewing literature. | 2015 | 26178869 |
| human subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria immitis in a greek adult. | human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by worms of the genus dirofilaria. most reported cases involve dirofilaria repens, and d. immitis infection has been rarely reported. canines act as a reservoir for the infection, while human infections are sporadic. human dirofilariasis has been widely reported in south europe; however, the worldwide distribution constantly changes. we herein report an extremely rare case of subcutaneous trunk dirofilariasis in a 45-year-old immunosuppressed w ... | 2016 | 26166816 |
| serological cross-reactivity of three commercial in-house immunoassays for detection of dirofilaria immitis antigens with spirocerca lupi in dogs with benign esophageal spirocercosis. | the nematode spirocerca lupi infects dogs and is endemic in israel. it leads to formation of esophageal nodules and neoplasia. infection is diagnosed by coproscopy, endoscopy and radiography. dirofilaria immitis causes heartworm disease in dogs, and has a world-wide distribution, but autochthonous infection has never been detected in israel. infection is confirmed based on identifying d. immitis microfilariae, in concentrated blood specimens by microscopy (knott's test or other tests) and serolo ... | 2015 | 26116456 |
| canine and human dirofilaria infections in the balkan peninsula. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens infections are mosquito-borne diseases, mainly of dogs. both parasites are zoonotic, and they sometimes cause serious infections in humans. the aim of this short review was to examine the situation in the balkan peninsula, from where it is not always easy to obtain suitable data, often reported in journals and other publications difficult to be retrieved and with poor or no visibility. the review included data from international and regional literature, ... | 2015 | 25769471 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiological data on dirofilaria immitis in dogs from northeastern states of india. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis in stray, pet, and working dogs (n = 413, 266, and 103, resp.) from guwahati (assam) and aizawl (mizoram), areas located in two northeastern states of india. diagnostic methods applied were microscopy (wet film and knott's concentration technique), immunological test (ag elisa by snap 4dx elisa kit), and molecular tools (polymerase chain reaction and sequencing), which evidenced 11.38, 18.03, and 13.93% of positi ... | 2015 | 25685835 |
| the prevalence and distribution of dirofilaria repens in dogs in the mazovian province of central-eastern poland. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of canine dirofilariosis from different districts of the mazovian province in central-eastern poland. 462 dogs aged from 1.5-14 years were examined for dirofilariosis. blood samples were examined for the presence of microfilariae using the knott method, as well as the method of kingston and morton, after centrifugation in haematocrit microtubes in order to determine the intensity of infection as the number of microfilariae in ... | 2014 | 25528905 |
| genetic diversity of dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in ukraine. | this short communication describes the phylogenetic analysis of 48 dirofilaria worms isolated from human patients in ukraine. 102 cases were both of subcutaneous (47; 46.1%) and ocular (54; 52.9%) locations. worms from 44 patients (15 subcutaneous and 29 ocular) were subjected to dna extraction and amplification of a specific fragment of the 12s rrna subunit, and sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis. results showed that 13.8% of the ocular cases analyzed at molecular level were caused b ... | 2015 | 25447827 |
| climate suitability for the transmission of dirofilaria immitis and d. repens in germany. | recently concerns are increasing that dirofilarial nematodes may spread from endemic areas in southern, eastern and central europe to countries in northern regions of europe. the increasing number of autochthonous cases of canine dirofilaria repens infections in germany indicates that worms of this genus may invade new areas, and climate change may be a key factor in this scenario. thus analysis of long term development of regional temperature is a pivotal factor in risk analysis related to tran ... | 2014 | 25095735 |
| chronic polyarthritis associated to cercopithifilaria bainae infection in a dog. | despite the widespread distribution of cercopithifilaria bainae among canine and tick populations worldwide, this filarioid is currently considered of 'minor importance' in veterinary medicine, particularly when compared to related filarioids, such as dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens. to date, only a single case of dermatological alterations possibly associated to infection by c. bainae had been reported in a dog. in the present study, we describe the first case of systemic alterations ... | 2014 | 25037896 |
| dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis dna findings in mosquitoes in germany: temperature data allow autochthonous extrinsic development. | after the repeated demonstration of dirofilaria repens infections in german dogs, d. repens and dirofilaria immitis dna was detected in mosquitoes trapped in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in northeastern and southwestern germany within the framework of culicid monitoring projects. as temperature is the most important factor dictating the extrinsic development of dirofilarial larvae in the potential vector, data of the german weather service (dwd) were analysed for the regions where the positive mosquitoes ... | 2014 | 24906992 |
| some aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens. | in recent years, zoonotic filariae dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens are gaining popularity as incidental human parasitic pathogens. the usual hosts for these nematodes are domestic and wild carnivorous animals. the medical significance of human dirofilariasis is due to frequent misdiagnosis as malignancy and in many cases diagnosis is made after invasive surgical procedures. the aim of this study was to ascertain the geographical distribution and clinical manifestations of ... | 2014 | 24556844 |
| geo-environmental model for the prediction of potential transmission risk of dirofilaria in an area with dry climate and extensive irrigated crops. the case of spain. | zoonotic filarioses caused by dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are transmitted by culicid mosquitoes. therefore dirofilaria transmission depends on climatic factors like temperature and humidity. in spite of the dry climate of most of the spanish territory, there are extensive irrigated crops areas providing moist habitats favourable for mosquito breeding. a gis model to predict the risk of dirofilaria transmission in spain, based on temperatures and rainfall data as well as in the dis ... | 2014 | 24456900 |
| rapid differentiation of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in canine peripheral blood by real-time pcr coupled to high resolution melting analysis. | dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are the principal causative agents of canine filariosis and, although the number of dogs subjected to specific prevention is increasing, the prevalence of these parasites remains high in many areas of the world. the discrimination between the two dirofilaria species using the classical diagnostic methods can be difficult and may lead to misdiagnosis especially on samples from areas where both dirofilaria are present. over the last years, several molecular method ... | 2014 | 24360646 |
| subcutaneous infection with dirofilaria spp. nematode in human, france. | | 2013 | 24188526 |
| an interesting case of a subcutaneous nodule. | human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the filarial nematodes, dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis. dirofilariae are transmitted to humans via mosquito bites. human dirofilariasis presents commonly as subcutaneous nodules, pulmonary nodules or nodules in the eyes. they are considered as emerging pathogens. we are presenting a case of human dirofilariasis from karnataka, which was caused by dirofilaria repens. | 2013 | 23543386 |
| nodular lesions due to infestation by dirofilaria repens in dogs from italy. | canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria repens is an important cause of human dirofilariosis in the old world. | 2013 | 23413808 |
| evidences of increasing risk of dirofilarioses in southern italy. | given the spread of aedes albopictus from northern to southern italy, and the lack of updated data on dirofilaria infections, this study was carried out to assess the infection risk for dogs and cats in apulia region. during a 2-year study, 175 a. albopictus female specimens and samples of blood from 427 dogs (309 privately owned dogs and 118 shelter dogs) and 12 cats were collected. all blood samples were subjected to a modified knott method, to a test for the detection of circulating dirofilar ... | 2013 | 23224639 |
| pseudo-tumor of the scrotum, a rare clinical presentation of dirofilariasis: a report of two autochtonous cases due to dirofilaria repens. | in europe, human dirofilariasis refers to a group of autochtonous parasitic infections caused by tissue nematodes of the genus dirofilaria, responsible for two distinct clinical presentations: dirofilaria immitis usually presenting as pulmonary lesions and dirofilaria repens as subcutaneous nodules. rare in humans, genital involvement manifests itself as pseudotumor nodules affecting the scrotum, epididymis, or spermatic cord. we report on two cases of dirofilaria repens infections, involving th ... | 2012 | 23182143 |
| differentiation of the microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in stained blood films. | an examination was made of giemsa-stained microfilariae in thin blood films from (n = 9) dogs naturally or experimentally infected with dirofilaria immitis or dirofilaria repens. morphological measurements (total length, length of cephalic space, anterior end to nerve ring and last body nucleus, and nucleus-free tail tip) were made on 2-6 microfilariae from each dog with the use of digitally captured images and imaging software. the microfilariae of d. repens were significantly greater (p < 0.00 ... | 2013 | 23146115 |
| a novel dirofilaria species causing human and canine infections in hong kong. | dirofilariasis is globally the commonest manifestation of zoonotic filariasis. we report the detection of a novel canine species causing human and canine dirofilariasis in hong kong. three human cases occurring over 10 months were identified, one presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, one with an abdominal subcutaneous mass, and one with a subconjunctival nodule. transected worms recovered from the resected abdominal subcutaneous mass were morphologically compatible with dirofilaria. the cox1 ... | 2012 | 22915604 |
| first molecular identification of dirofilaria repens in a dog blood sample from guanajuato, mexico. | dirofilaria repens is the causative zoonotic agent of subcutaneous dirofilariosis. although the american continent is considered currently free of d. repens infections, in the past few years there have been some reports suggesting the presence of this agent in the americas. in guanajuato, mexico, there is a report of the presence of d. repens. to determine whether this parasite is really present in guanajuato, a total of 177 edta blood samples from dogs were tested using the modified knott's tec ... | 2016 | 27631566 |
| marked subcutaneous mast cell and eosinophilic infiltration associated with the presence of multiple dirofilaria repens microfilariae in 4 dogs. | dirofilaria repens is a parasitic nematode in the subcutaneous tissue of carnivores, including dogs and cats, transmitted by mosquitoes. human beings may be accidental hosts. infection of a dog with d repens was first reported in palestine in 1934, and 2 additional cases were reported in dogs in israel to date. this report describes d repens infection in 4 dogs in israel that presented with subcutaneous masses, which were cytologically characterized by marked mast cell and eosinophil infiltratio ... | 2016 | 27755776 |
| [an unusual cause of the hand cyst: finger dirofilariasis]. | dirofilariasis is a zoonosis affecting dogs and cats. it can be transmitted to human by mosquito bites. because of the local inflammation caused by the parasite, a lump may develop. the authors present a case of a 13-year-old boy, who was diagnosed with dirofilariasis in association with a cyst located on the middle finger of the right hand. during physical examination, a lump on the extensor surface of the middle phalanx of the right middle finger was found. soft tissue ultrasound was performed ... | 2016 | 27667297 |
| [dirofilaria repens hos en dansk kvinde efter rejse til kreta]. | | 2016 | 27649708 |
| human dirofilariasis in the eyelid caused by dirofilaria repens: an imported case. | the case concerns a 33-year-old ukrainian woman, who came to the ophthalmology emergency service, stating that she had a «worm» under the skin of her upper left eyelid that wriggled at night and bit her. a complete examination revealed a subcutaneous foreign body, which showed a filarial appearance and seemed to crawl under the skin. it was surgically removed to discover a live parasite, pcr-identified as dirofilaria repens. | 2016 | 27544021 |
| subcutaneous dirofilaria repens infestation in non-descript canines. | dirofilaria repens is a filarial nematode which cause subcutaneous dirofilariosis. dogs, foxes and cats are the definitive hosts and principal reservoirs of the parasite. we report cases of d. repens infestation in non-descript canines from goa, india. the nematodes were enclosed within fibrous capsule or freely present in the tunica vaginalis of the testes, in sub-cutaneous tissue of foreleg and body cavity. the parasite showed well-developed thick multilayered cuticular ridges in the outermost ... | 2016 | 27413341 |
| [circulation of dirofilaria repens (railliet et henry, 1911) in the arid zone of southern russia]. | the prevalence of dirofilariasis was studied in dogs from the urban and rural areas in southern russia. the high prevalence of dirofilaria repens infection were established among the dogs in the republic of kalmykia. the blood samples from 328 dogs were tested; d. repens infection was detected in 23.6 and 15.5% of the rural and urban dogs, respectively. the highest prevalence of d. repens infection was noted in of 4-6-year-old dogs. dogs aged 0, 1-3, 4-6 7-9, and more 10 years were infected in 0 ... | 2016 | 27405212 |
| periorbital dirofilariasis: a rare case from western india. | dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease caused commonly by dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitus. the definitive hosts are domestic dogs and cats. human beings are accidental dead end hosts, and acquire infestation through mosquito bites. so far, very few cases have been reported from western india. we report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented with preseptal cellulitis right eye and a firm mass in the lower lid. histopathological examination after surgical excision of the mass revealed ... | 2016 | 27134918 |
| canine dirofilariosis endemic in central europe-10 years of epidemiological study in slovakia. | the study presents the comprehensive results of a detailed epidemiological study on canine dirofilariosis in slovakia, central europe. more than 4000 dogs were investigated, and several epidemiological factors were considered. the mean prevalence in individual regions ranged from 2.0 % in northern slovakia to more than 25.0 % in the south-western part of the country, with the nematode dirofilaria repens confirmed as the dominant causative agent. canine dirofilariosis occurred more often in anima ... | 2016 | 27021185 |
| a rapidly emerging ocular zoonosis; dirofilaria repens. | | 2016 | 26846596 |
| [bloodsucking mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in, the tula region are potential vectors of dirofilarias]. | bloodsucking mosquitoes were collected in tula and its region in may to august 2013-2014. the fauna included 17 species from 5 genera in the subfamily culicinae and anopheles maculipennis complex in the subsystem anophelinae. ochlerotatus cantans was a dominant species in the collections. the dominant species also included aedes einereus, ae. vexans, ae. geniculatus, och. diantaeus, och. intrudens, och. cataphylla, and culex pipiens. the possible value of different mosquito species dirofilaria r ... | 2016 | 26827580 |
| periorbital dirofilaria repens imported to denmark: a human case report. | dirofilaria repens, a filarial nematode of dogs and other carnivores, can accidentally infect humans. the infection occurs widely throughout europe. we report a case of d. repens in a danish woman who had been traveling to crete. a nematode was visualized on examination and elisa was positive for antibodies against d. repens. | 2015 | 26793444 |
| dirofilaria repens microfilaremia in three dogs in estonia. | in europe, the zoonotic parasite dirofilaria repens continues to spread northward. we describe three likely autochthonous canine microfilaremic d. repens infections from estonia, an european union country located in the baltic region of northern europe. the parasite species was confirmed with sequencing. these are new northernmost d. repens findings in europe and show that the zoonotic parasite has spread farther north. infection with d. repens should be included in the list of differential diag ... | 2016 | 26789635 |
| buffy coat smear or knott's test: which to choose for canine microfilaria screening in field studies? | in recent years, an increasing number of cases of canine dirofilariasis have been reported worldwide. however, the rate of infection in dogs is largely unknown in many remote areas, and the importance of field studies for determination of the prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in such areas is well recognized. the detection of microfilariae by the modified knott's test (mkt) is a recommended screening method for canine dirofilariasis. | 2016 | 26765989 |
| human ocular dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria repens in sri lanka. | to identify worms obtained from patients with eye lesions and to describe the demographic factors of patients with ocular dirofilariasis. | 2015 | 26706673 |
| human ocular dirofilariasis in hong kong. | human dirofilariasis is a helminthic infestation caused by filarial nematodes of the genus dirofilaria. we report two cases of subconjunctival dirofilariasis in adult chinese patients. | 2016 | 26636400 |
| no evidence of dirofilaria repens infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) from brandenburg, germany. | dirofilaria (d.) repens is a nematode causing dirofilariasis in dogs, cats and in humans. red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) are well-known wildlife reservoirs for zoonotic diseases. these two species are highly abundant in germany, frequently exposed to vector mosquitoes and potentially susceptible to dirofilaria infections. to obtain data about d. repens infections in these animals, red fox and raccoon dog carcasses (hunted or found dead) were collected from ... | 2016 | 26566618 |
| is molecular xenomonitoring of mosquitoes for dirofilaria repens suitable for dirofilariosis surveillance in endemic regions? | dirofilaria repens is a parasite of animals and humans, transferred by mosquitoes. the assessment of the presence of d. repens-infected vertebrate hosts in the investigated area can be performed by xenomonitoring—detection of the parasite in blood-feeding arthropods. our study aimed to evaluate pcr xenomonitoring of mosquitoes as a tool for dirofilariosis surveillance in poland. we were also interested whether inter-study comparisons at the international level would be possible. mosquitoes were ... | 2016 | 26490684 |
| [dirofilariasis of the breast: two new cases in tunisia]. | dirofilariasis is an endemic animal parasitic disease in the mediterranean basin. its occurrence in humans is rare; when it occurs, it is most often in cutaneous locations. we report two new cases of dirofilariasis of the breast in two tunisian women, aged 32 and 45 years old. both came from northern tunisia and consulted for breast lumps. clinical examination and imaging findings suggested benign tumors. after surgical excision, the pathology examination confirmed the diagnosis, based on the pr ... | 2015 | 26446746 |
| subcutaneous human dirofilariasis in vidarbha. | zoonotic filariasis due to dirofilaria repens is prevalent in several regions of the world. human dirofilariasis due to d. repens has not been widely recognized in india, but few cases reported from some parts of india. dirofilaria species are commonly encountered in the subcutaneous tissue of dogs, foxes, and cats and it can accidentally infect humans. here, we report a case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis, presenting as a subcutaneous nodule on the right leg of a 25-year-old female from vidarbh ... | 2015 | 26275274 |
| subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens: a case report with short review. | human dirofilariasis is a rare infection caused by filarial worms of genus dirofilaria. subconjunctival dirofilariasis has been reported from asia, europe, italy and africa. in india majority cases are from kerala, karnataka and very few from maharashtra. we report the rare case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens from maharashtra, western india. | 2015 | 26275256 |
| dirofilariasis - an emergent human parasitosis in romania. | changing vector habitats due to climate change increase the risk of less common vector-borne diseases spreading to temperate areas. an example of such a disease is dirofilariasis. the present article is a case presentation of ocular dirofilariasis. the peculiarities of this case and its implications to public health are presented herein, in addition to a literature review of the epidemiological data regarding dirofilariasis in dogs and humans. a16-year-old adolescent, who had never travelled out ... | 2015 | 26204187 |
| a rare human case of dirofilaria repens infection in the subcutaneous posterior thorax with molecular identification. | the emergence of dirofilarial infections in asia including vietnam is a clinically significant threat to the community. we here report a rare case of subcutaneous dirofilaria repens infection on the posterior thoracic wall in a young woman presenting a painful, itchy, and palpable nodule. the adult worm was identified by mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear its-2 sequence determination. the diagnosis was additionally confirmed by 16s rrna sequencing of the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis commonly co- ... | 2015 | 26174827 |
| evaluation of the adulticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10 %/moxidectin 2.5 % (w/v) spot-on (advocate®, advantage® multi) against dirofilaria repens in experimentally infected dogs. | this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid 10 %/moxidectin 2.5 % (w/v) spot-on (advocate®/advantage® multi, bayer) against adult dirofilaria repens in a blinded, placebo-controlled randomised laboratory study. twenty-four beagle dogs were experimentally infected with approximately 75 infective d. repens larvae each on study day (sd) 0. treatment was initiated on sd 228 after patency had been confirmed in 21 dogs, using a modified knott test. eleven dogs received monthly treatments ... | 2015 | 26152414 |
| human dirofilariasis: an emerging zoonosis in india. | human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection having a widespread geographical distribution. world over 800 cases of dirofilaria are on record with highest numbers from italy, sri lanka and republics of the ex-soviet union. dirofilaria repens belongs to the subgenus nochtiella and is the most common species identified in india. topographically, the orbital/periorbital regions are the most common regions involved by dirofilaria. we present a brief review of cases from india including two ... | 2015 | 26064035 |
| [dirofilaria repens-infection in a dog in central germany without any history of travel]. | a mixed breed dog was presented with dyspnoea and fever. in the purulent thorax aspirate, a nematode larva was found during the cytological examination. subsequent diagnostic tests revealed an infection with dirofilaria repens, which was probably acquired autochthonously in central germany. moxidectin was administered every 4 weeks for 6 months and shown to be effective as indicated by subsequent blood examinations. this case report shows that infection with dirofilaria repens is possible in ger ... | 2015 | 25966649 |
| case of human dirofilaria repens infection manifested by cutaneous larva migrans syndrome. | dirofilaria repens, parasite of subcutaneous tissues of dogs and other carnivores, represents high infection risk for animals and humans in europe. in men, infection usually presents as nodule in subcutaneous tissues or, less often, the lesions are localised around the eyes. the work presents first confirmed clinical case of human d. repens infection connected with cutaneous larva migrans syndrome. in patient, the migration of the worm caused true signs of creeping eruption, elevated sinuous tra ... | 2015 | 25933629 |