| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of porcine brachyspira (serpulina) species isolates. | no standardized method for susceptibility testing of brachyspira spp. is currently available. a broth dilution procedure was evaluated and used to test the activities of six antimicrobial agents for 108 isolates of swedish porcine brachyspira spp. representing biochemical groups i, ii, and iii. group i corresponds to brachyspira hyodysenteriae, group ii corresponds to b. intermedia, and group iii corresponds to b. murdochii and b. innocens. a panel was designed with the antimicrobial agents drie ... | 2003 | 12791886 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of brachyspira pilosicoli isolates from humans. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobic intestinal spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated by an agar dilution method. human (n = 123) and porcine (n = 16) isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, ceftriaxone, meropenem, tetracycline, moxifloxacin, and chloramphenicol; erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were not active. resistance to amoxicillin and clindamycin varied. amoxicillin susceptibility was restored by clavulanic acid. | 2003 | 12821498 |
| development of a duplex pcr assay for detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in pig feces. | a duplex pcr (d-pcr) amplifying portions of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae nadh oxidase gene and the b. pilosicoli 16s rrna gene was developed and then tested on dna extracted from 178 porcine fecal samples. the feces also underwent anaerobic culture and species-specific pcrs. fecal extraction-d-pcr detected seven additional samples containing b. hyodysenteriae and five more containing b. pilosicoli. | 2003 | 12843096 |
| detection of bacteriophage vsh-1 svp38 gene in brachyspira spirochetes. | vsh-1 is a mitomycin c-inducible, non-lytic, phage-like agent that packages random 7.5-kb fragments of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae genome. vsh-1 is the first recognized mechanism for gene transfer between b. hyodysenteriae cells. to analyze the distribution of vsh-1 among spirochetes, a 344-bp probe for gene svp38, encoding the vsh-1 major head protein, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used in southern blot hybridizations with genomic dna from various spirochete genera. the svp3 ... | 2003 | 12892886 |
| presence of brachyspira aalborgi and b. pilosicoli in feces of patients with diarrhea. | | 2003 | 12958305 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis. | proliferative enteropathy is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. immunohistochemistry staining has superior sensitivity over hematoxylin and eosin and silver staining for detecting l. intracellularis in histological sections. a l. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) produced in the uk (ig4 mab) has been described in the literature. however, no monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are commercially available. there ... | 2003 | 14535543 |
| clinical significance of human intestinal spirochetosis--a morphologic approach. | intestinal spirochetosis (is) is a condition defined morphologically by the presence of spirochetal microorganisms attached to the apical cell membrane of the colonic and rectal epithelium. intestinal spirochetes comprise a heterogeneous group of bacteria. in humans brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli predominate. prevalence rates of is are low where living standards are high, in contrast to poorly developed areas where is is common. homosexuals and hiv-infected individuals are at hi ... | 2003 | 14556061 |
| differential requirements for proliferation of cd4+ and gammadelta+ t cells to spirochetal antigens. | alphabeta+ and gammadelta+ t cells have different mechanisms of epitope recognition and are stimulated by antigens of different chemical nature. an immunization model with antigens from the spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae was used to examine the requirements for proliferation of circulating porcine cd4+ and gammadelta+ t cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. cd4+ t cells only responded to stimulation with b. hyodysenteriae antigens, whereas gammadelta+ t cells proliferated when cultures were ... | 2003 | 14572799 |
| molecular epidemiological study of brachyspira pilosicoli in finnish sow herds. | brachyspira (b.) pilosicoli, the causative agent of intestinal spirochaetosis in pigs, is a quite common laboratory finding from faecal samples of weaned and growing pigs in finland. a better understanding of the epidemiology of b. pilosicoli in and between finnish pig farms is needed. altogether 131 b. pilosicoli isolates from 49 finnish sow herds were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. mlui was used as a restriction enzyme for all the isolates, and smai for 70 isolates. the isolates ... | 2003 | 14596539 |
| colonic spirochetosis in children and adults. | we undertook a retrospective analysis of colonic spirochetosis in 14 cases: females, 3; males, 11; children, 4; adults, 10. two men had hiv infections. all children and both hiv-infected men had abdominal complaints, diarrhea, or both. most other adults underwent colonoscopy for polyp screening (n = 4) or follow-up of crohn disease (n = 1) or had other indications (n = 2) or diarrhea (n = 1). histologically, spirochetosis was identified in all parts of the colon and was not strongly associated w ... | 2003 | 14671970 |
| [colonic spirochetes: an infrequent cause of adult diarrhea]. | large intestine infection due to spirochetes was described in 1967 and is mainly related to two pathogens, serpulina pilosicoli and brachyspira aalborgi. clinically, infection presents as diarrhea and/or rectorrhagia and is more frequent among homosexuals. its prevalence is difficult to estimate but significant differences have been described according to the socioeconomic level of the area studied. we describe three cases of diarrhea due to spirochetes, which are of interest due to the lack of ... | 2004 | 14718105 |
| intestinal spirochaetes of the genus brachyspira: an update on recent findings. | | 2003 | 14753198 |
| colonization and risk factors for brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in humans and dogs on tea estates in assam, india. | the prevalence of colonization with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated in humans (n = 316) and dogs (n = 101) living on three tea estates in assam, india. colonization was detected using pcr on dna from faeces. nineteen (6%) human faecal samples contained b. aalborgi dna, 80 (25.3%) contained b. pilosicoli dna, and 10 (3.2%) contained dna from both species. one canine sample contained dna from b. pilosicoli. significant factors ... | 2004 | 14979599 |
| [a case of intestinal spirochaetosis due to brachyspira aalbolgi]. | | 2004 | 15011440 |
| brachyspira research - special issue on colonic spirochaetes of medical and veterinary significance. | | 2004 | 15017280 |
| differences in lymphocyte subpopulations and cell counts before and after experimentally induced swine dysentery. | the aim of this study was to examine the levels of circulating leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations before and immediately after experimentally induced swine dysentery. twenty-one healthy crossbred pigs (approximately 22 kg) were orally inoculated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. blood was sampled before inoculation and when clinical signs of swine dysentery occurred. pigs that remained healthy were sampled when killed. total and differential white blood cell counts were performed, and lymph ... | 2004 | 15017281 |
| experimental swine dysentery: comparison between infection models. | the aim of the present study was to develop a reproducible porcine infection model with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the influence of different factors was evaluated, namely, age, a diet containing large quantities of soybean meal, housing and administration of cortisol or antacids. furthermore, the synergistic effect of additional bacteria (escherichia coli o141, bacteroides vulgatus or a mixture of bacteroides fragilis, a field isolate of bacteroides and fusobacterium necrophorum) was studied. ... | 2004 | 15017282 |
| further characterization of porcine brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin. | brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal disease in pigs. few drugs are available to treat the disease, owing to both antimicrobial resistance and withdrawal of drugs authorized for use in pigs. tiamulin is the drug of choice in many countries, but isolates with decreased susceptibility have recently been reported. the mechanism of tiamulin resistance in b. hyodysenteriae is not known and this facet is essential to understand the dissemination of ... | 2004 | 15017283 |
| decreased susceptibility to tiamulin and valnemulin among czech isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the agar dilution method was used to investigate the sensitivity to pleuromutilins of 100 isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from 63 pig farms between 1997 and 2001. in the period under investigation, mics to both tiamulin and valnemulin increased, with differences between the periods 1997-98 and 1999-2001 being statistically significant (p < 0.001 for tiamulin and p < 0.0001 for valnemulin). between 1997 and 2001, the mic50 and mic90 of tiamulin increased from 0.062 and 0.25 microg ... | 2004 | 15017284 |
| brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other strongly beta-haemolytic and indole-positive spirochaetes isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | the aims of the current study were to collect intestinal spirochaetes (genus brachyspira) from farmed and wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and to identify and classify those isolates that phenotypically resembled brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an enteric pathogen of pigs. the isolation rate of brachyspira spp. was high from both farmed (93 %) and wild mallards (78 %). in wild mallards, it appeared that brachyspira spp. were more likely to be found in migratory birds (multivariate analysis: rr = 1 ... | 2004 | 15017285 |
| immunomagnetic separation of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira hyodysenteriae from porcine faeces. | porcine intestinal spirochaetes are fastidious anaerobic organisms and, as a consequence, it has been necessary to develop various protocols to enhance their isolation from or detection in faeces. immunomagnetic separation (ims) is a method developed recently to improve separation of target cells from mixed cell suspensions. the purpose of the present study was to compare the relative sensitivity of ims for isolation of brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira hyodysenteriae with current routine d ... | 2004 | 15017286 |
| identification of three clusters of canine intestinal spirochaetes by biochemical and 16s rdna sequence analysis. | it has been suggested that canine intestinal spirochaetes consist of brachyspira pilosicoli and a group of strains that has been provisionally designated 'brachyspira canis'. the purpose of the present study was to compare 22 spirochaete isolates that were obtained from intestinal specimens of dogs in sweden (n = 12), norway (n = 4), the united states (n = 3), australia (n = 2) and germany (n = 1) with type and reference strains, as well as field isolates, of brachyspira species by five biochemi ... | 2004 | 15017293 |
| influence of diet on the experimental infection of pigs with brachyspira pilosicoli. | the effects of five different diets on the experimental infection of pigs with a danish field isolate of brachyspira pilosicoli were investigated. the diets tested were a pelleted and a non-pelleted standard diet based on wheat and barley, the standard diet supplemented with 2 per cent lactic acid, a fermented liquid feed and a diet based on cooked rice. two trials were conducted, each with six groups of six pigs; in each, two of the groups were fed the standard diet. one of these groups and the ... | 2004 | 15029965 |
| human intestinal spirochaetosis: any clinical significance? | spirochaetes are well known causative agents of diarrhoea in veterinary medicine. in human medicine the relationship between presence of spirochaetes in the colon on the one hand, and its clinical significance on the other, is far less clear. in the majority of cases the colonization of the colon with these micro-organisms seems to represent a commensal relationship with the host, and is almost always a coincidental finding with no association with the clinical symptoms of the patient whatsoever ... | 2004 | 15095857 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa prefecture. | the in vitro susceptibilities to 21 antimicrobial agents, of 37 isolates of brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa meat center and a pig farm in okinawa prefecture, japan, were determined by the agar dilution method. carbadox was the most active of all the agents tested against the isolates (mic: <0.003 to 0.05). all the isolates were highly susceptible to olaquindox, tiamulin, dimetridazole, efrotomycin and valnemulin with mics ranging from </=0.1 to 1.6 microg/ml. penici ... | 2004 | 15107563 |
| efficacy of seven disinfectant sanitisers on field isolates of brachyspira pilosicoli. | | 2004 | 15119732 |
| the decrease in flaa observed in a flab mutant of borrelia burgdorferi occurs posttranscriptionally. | the lyme disease bacterium borrelia burgdorferi is a motile spirochete with a flat-wave morphology. the periplasmic flagella, which are situated between the outer membrane sheath and cell cylinder, are essential for both the cell's wavy shape and motility. here we focus on the structure and regulation of its periplasmic flagella. previous studies have suggested that the periplasmic flagella consist of a polymer of the major filament protein flab and a minor protein, flaa. we used immunoprecipita ... | 2004 | 15175283 |
| brachyspira pilosicoli isolated from two beagles and one mongrel in japan. | the feces, colonic contents, and colonic mucosa from two beagles and a mongrel with and without mucohemorrhagic diarrhea were anaerobically cultured and after 72 hr, lucent and rough colonies with weak beta-hemolysis were observed. small spirochetes with one or two loose waves in the colonies were observed under a phase contrast microscope and the spirochete cells sometimes aggregated. the 16srdna sequencing results demonstrated that the canine isolates were b. pilosicoli and the base alignments ... | 2004 | 15187377 |
| molecular and ultrastructural characterization of porcine hippurate-negative brachyspira pilosicoli. | brachyspira pilosicoli, the causative agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis, usually has hippurate-cleaving capacity. we have regularly isolated hippurate-negative b. pilosicoli from cases of porcine diarrhea. in this study, we show that these biochemically atypical b. pilosicoli isolates can be classified as b. pilosicoli. 16s ribosomal dna was partially sequenced from eight hippurate-negative and two hippurate-positive b. pilosicoli-like isolates from seven herds. the differences in nucleo ... | 2004 | 15243075 |
| comparison of methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mic values for pleuromutilin drugs for brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated in germany. | in germany treatment of swine dysentery is hampered by brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains showing elevated mic values to the few antibiotics licensed. therefore, susceptibility testing of clinical isolates is an important service to the swine practitioner. this study compares the established agar dilution procedure for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this fastidious anaerobe to the broth microdilution test newly developed [anim. health res. 2 (2001) 59; vet. microbiol. 84 (2002) 123; j. ... | 2004 | 15288924 |
| protection of pigs from swine dysentery by vaccination with recombinant bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer-membrane lipoprotein of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | swine dysentery (sd) is an important endemic infection in many piggeries, and control can be problematic. in this study the efficacy of bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer-membrane lipoprotein of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was evaluated as an sd vaccine. non-lipidated bmpb was expressed in escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged protein (his6-bmpb), or as an 8 kda carboxy-terminal portion fused to maltose-binding protein (mbp-bmpb-f604). the purified proteins were emulsified with oil-based adjuvants for intr ... | 2004 | 15288932 |
| a possibility of application of the 105-kilodaltons protein of brachyspira alvinipulli cross-reacting with antisera to five species in the genus brachyspira to diagnosis. | the antigenic properties of brachyspira (b.) alvinipulli atcc 51933 and strain c2 were analyzed and compared with those of b. hyodysenteriae atcc 27164 and atcc 31212, b. pilosicoli atcc 51139, b. innocens atcc 29796 and b. aalborgi nctc 11492. in gel immunodiffusion tests, a protein in b. alvinipulli atcc 51933 reacted strongly with anti-b. alvinipulli atcc 51933-serum and formed two precipitin lines. furthermore, by an immunoblotting technique, the 105-kilodaltons (kda) protein in b. alvinipul ... | 2004 | 15297747 |
| antimicrobial resistance in brachyspira pilosicoli with special reference to point mutations in the 23s rrna gene associated with macrolide and lincosamide resistance. | a point mutation in the 23s rrna gene causes macrolide and lincosamide resistance in brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the possible occurrence of a similar mutation in brachyspira pilosicoli was studied and the mics of six antimicrobial agents for swedish field isolates of b. pilosicoli were determined. of 10 isolates with high mics of macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics, six had a mutation in nucleotide position 2058 or 2059 in the 23s rrna gene as compared to the wild type of escherichia coli, whe ... | 2004 | 15383163 |
| occurrence of lawsonia intracellularis and brachyspira spp. infection in swine suffering from diarrhoea. | principal aim of this study was to examine fecal samples from pigs suffering from diarrhea for the presence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli. the molecular techniques such as pcr and nested pcr were employed to detect the presence of p78 fragment of genomic dna specific for lawsonia intracellularis as well as fragment of tlya gene specific for brachyspira hyodysenteriae and 16s rdna gene of brachyspira pilosicoli. we assumed that about 25% of pig ... | 2004 | 15478867 |
| mutations in ribosomal protein l3 and 23s ribosomal rna at the peptidyl transferase centre are associated with reduced susceptibility to tiamulin in brachyspira spp. isolates. | the pleuromutilin antibiotic tiamulin binds to the ribosomal peptidyl transferase centre. three groups of brachyspira spp. isolates with reduced tiamulin susceptibility were analysed to define resistance mechanisms to the drug. mutations were identified in genes encoding ribosomal protein l3 and 23s rrna at positions proximal to the peptidyl transferase centre. in two groups of laboratory-selected mutants, mutations were found at nucleotide positions 2032, 2055, 2447, 2499, 2504 and 2572 of 23s ... | 2004 | 15554969 |
| the effect of antimicrobial growth promoter withdrawal on the health of weaned pigs in finland. | the use of the antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) carbadox and olaquindox has been banned in the european union (eu) since september 1999. we studied the effects of the withdrawal on the health of weaned piglets on two types of piglet-producing farms (farrowing herds and farrow-to-finish herds) from the different regions of finland. farms with no major problems with post-weaning diarrhoea were selected for the study to better evaluate the effect of agps alone. data on production, medication a ... | 2004 | 15579342 |
| [distribution of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and lawsonia intracellularis in healthy and diarrhoeic pigs]. | although brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae and lawsonia (l.) intracellularis are widely distributed in pigs in germany, there exists limited information on their clinical relevance. to get more insight into their potential role in swine diarrhoeal disease, in 2002 and 2003 faecal specimens from healthy pigs (n=1445) as well as from diarrhoeic pigs (n=2002) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of both agents. of the specimens from healthy pigs l. intracellularis and b. hy ... | 2004 | 15584431 |
| rapid isolation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli from pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the time required to isolate brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli from porcine faeces. this was done using previously described selective media (spectinomycin) s400, (colistin, vancomycin and spectinomycin) cvs and (spectinomycin, vancomycin, colistin, spiramycin and rifampin with swine faecal extract) bj, compared with the method based on blood agar modified medium, with spectinomycin and rifampin (bam-sr), including a pre-treat ... | 2004 | 15708820 |
| penicillin-binding proteins in the pathogenic intestinal spirochete brachyspira pilosicoli. | penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of slightly different molecular masses (94, 62 or 68, 42 or 50, 25, and 22 kda) were identified in one human and two porcine brachyspira pilosicoli strains. identification of pbps of b. pilosicoli provides a basis for characterization of the genes encoding these proteins among pathogenic intestinal spirochetes of humans and animals. | 2005 | 15793139 |
| the use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis to characterise intestinal spirochaetes (brachyspira spp.) colonising hens in commercial flocks. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) was used to identify, examine genetic relationships and look at disease associations of a collection of 53 intestinal spirochaete isolates previously recovered from the faeces of adult hens on 14 farms in qld, australia. the mlee results were compared with those previously obtained using species-specific pcr amplifications. the isolates were divided into five brachyspira species groups by mlee: brachyspira murdochii (n=17), b. intermedia (n=15), b. pilosi ... | 2005 | 15795087 |
| cd4+ t-cell responses and distribution at the colonic mucosa during brachyspira hyodysenteriae-induced colitis in pigs. | the spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae causes swine dysentery, a severe colitis characterized by mucosal enlargement as a result of crypt elongation and epithelial necrosis. most efforts to understand the pathogenesis of this disease have focused on the aetiological agent and its virulence factors. however, the host immune response has been considered an important factor in disease development. previous research has shown that b. hyodysenteriae induces systemic cd4(+) and gammadelta t-cell r ... | 2005 | 15819705 |
| application of nox-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the differentiation of brachyspira intestinal spirochetes isolated from pigs and poultry in australia. | sixty-nine intestinal spirochetes isolated from pigs and poultry in eastern australia were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of a species-specific pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the brachyspira nox gene. for comparative purposes, all isolates were subjected to species-specific pcrs for the pathogenic species brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli, and selected isolates were examined further by sequence analysis of the nox and 16s ribosom ... | 2005 | 15825489 |
| immunohistochemical and ultrastructural detection of intestinal spirochetes in thoroughbred horses. | studies of equine intestinal spirochetes have long focused on intestinal contents alone, but intestinal spirochetosis has been reported recently in a 21-month-old thoroughbred colt in japan. to define the clinical and pathological significances of intestinal spirochetosis in several horses, an epizootiologic survey with histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods was conducted for brachyspira antigen-containing intestinal spirochetes in 12 diseased or injured thoroughbred horses ... | 2005 | 15825495 |
| the distribution of bmpb, a gene encoding a 29.7 kda lipoprotein with homology to metq, in brachyspira hyodysenteriae and related species. | the distribution of the bmpb gene encoding bmpb, a 29.7 kda outer membrane lipoprotein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae, was investigated. using pcr, the gene was detected in all the 48 strains of b. hyodysenteriae examined and in brachyspira innocens strain b256t, but not in 11 other strains of b. innocens nor in 42 strains of other brachyspira spp. the gene was sequenced from b. innocens strain b256t and from 11 strains of b. hyodysenteriae. the b. hyodysenteriae genes ... | 2005 | 15863284 |
| the brachyspira hyodysenteriae ftna gene: dna vaccination and real-time pcr quantification of bacteria in a mouse model of disease. | the nucleotide sequence of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae ftna gene, encoding a putative ferritin protein (ftna), was determined. analysis of the sequence predicted that this gene encoded a protein of 180 amino acids. rt-pcr and western blot showed that the ftna gene was expressed in b. hyodysenteriae, and evidence suggests that ftna stores iron rather than haem. ftna was delivered as dna and recombinant protein vaccines in a mouse model of b. hyodysenteriae infection. vaccine efficacy was monit ... | 2005 | 15968507 |
| assessment of diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of brachyspira species using a ring test. | there is no ring test for quality assessment available in europe for diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the fastidious, anaerobic bacteria of the genus brachyspira. therefore, an international ring test for brachyspira spp. was performed once a year during 2002-2004. two sets of coded samples were prepared and distributed on each occasion. one set comprised six swabs dipped in pig faeces spiked with brachyspira spp. intended for diagnostics. the other set comprised two pure ... | 2005 | 15982833 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of diarrhea in dogs in an animal shelter. | to determine associations among infectious pathogens and diarrheal disease in dogs in an animal shelter and demonstrate the use of geographic information systems (giss) for tracking spatial distributions of diarrheal disease within shelters. | 2005 | 16008226 |
| colonic spirochetosis in animals and humans. | colonic spirochetosis is a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli. b. pilosicoli induces disease in both humans and animals, whereas b. aalborgi affects only humans and higher primates. symptoms in humans include diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal cramps. colonic spirochetosis is common in third world countries; however, in developed countries, the disease is observed mainly in homosexual males. terminally ill patients infected with bra ... | 2005 | 16013401 |
| identification of genes of vsh-1, a prophage-like gene transfer agent of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | vsh-1 is a mitomycin c-inducible prophage of the anaerobic spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. purified vsh-1 virions are noninfectious, contain random 7.5-kb fragments of the bacterial genome, and mediate generalized transduction of b. hyodysenteriae cells. in order to identify and sequence genes of this novel gene transfer agent (gta), proteins associated either with vsh-1 capsids or with tails were purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the n-terminal amino ... | 2005 | 16109929 |
| simultaneous detection of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. in swine intestinal specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of the etiologic agents associated with porcine proliferative enteropathies (ppe), swine dysentery (sd) and porcine salmonellosis (ps) in a single reaction using dna from swine intestinal samples. single and multiplex pcr amplification of dna from lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella typhimurium and brachyspira hyodysenteriae with each primer set produced fragments of the predicted size without any nonspecific amplification, 210- ... | 2005 | 16131827 |
| the prevalences of brachyspira spp. and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish piglet producing herds and wild boar population. | the aim of the present study was to survey the prevalences of the enteric pathogens brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish growing pigs and in the swedish wild boar population and to relate these findings to clinical signs. the study included 105 randomly selected herds, constituting approximately one third of swedish herds with a herd size of >100 sows. the herds were located all over the country. in these herds, growth promoters were not used ... | 2005 | 16283917 |
| prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella in swine herds. | the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were investigated by multiplex pcr using fecal samples of pigs with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea. the overall herd prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were 46.5%, 37.2% and 51.1%, respectively. also, the prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. among all sampled pigs were 19.9%, 10.8% and 17.7%, respectively. seventeen of 43 herds were ... | 2005 | 16293991 |
| characterization of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates from korea. | this study was done to characterize diversity in 10 brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates in korea. the isolates were compared with 14 well-characterized non-korean strains of various brachyspira species. all korean isolates showed strong beta haemolysis and had blunt cell ends with 7-14 periplasmic flagella. they produced indole, and did not ferment fructose. they were alpha-glucosidase positive and alpha-galatosidase negative using the apizym kit. using polyclonal antisera raised in rabbits agai ... | 2005 | 16293998 |
| smpb: a novel outer membrane protein present in some brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains. | a novel outer membrane protein-encoding gene was identified in brachyspira hyodysenteriae. the predicted protein, smpb, was encoded by a gene that contains regions of identity with that encoding the previously identified lipoprotein smpa. however, the majority of the reading frame encoding smpa and smpb share no detectable similarity. analysis of several strains revealed that b. hyodysenteriae harbours either smpa or the newly identified gene smpb, but not both. smpb encodes for a slightly large ... | 2006 | 16310325 |
| proposed revisions to the nomenclature for brachyspira membrane proteins and lipoproteins. | | 2006 | 16385109 |
| [severe diarrhoea with invasive intestinal spirochaetosis]. | a 38-year-old heterosexual male presented with a 6 to 7 week history of severe diarrhoea but no other complaints. in routine faecal cultures and routine parasitological investigations no pathogenic micro-organisms were observed. colonoscopy revealed a normal mucosa. multiple biopsies were obtained. the histological diagnosis was invasive intestinal spirochaetosis. the immunostain for borrelia burgdorferi cross-reacted with the spirochetes of the intestinal spirochaetosis. after two weeks of incu ... | 2005 | 16398171 |
| neither hippurate-negative brachyspira pilosicoli nor brachyspira pilosicoli type strain caused diarrhoea in early-weaned pigs by experimental infection. | a hippurate-negative biovariant of brachyspira pilosicoli (b. pilosicolihipp-) is occasionally isolated in diarrhoeic pigs in finland, often concomitantly with hippurate-positive b. pilosicoli or lawsonia intracellularis. we studied pathogenicity of b. pilosicolihipp- with special attention paid to avoiding co-infection with other enteric pathogens. pigs were weaned and moved to barrier facilities at the age of 11 days. at 46 days, 8 pigs were inoculated with b. pilosicolihipp- strain br1622, 8 ... | 2005 | 16398337 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of brachyspira intermedia and brachyspira pilosicoli isolates from australian chickens. | susceptibilities of predominantly australian isolates of the pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira intermedia (n = 25) and brachyspira pilosicoli (n = 17) from chickens were tested in agar dilution against four concentrations each of the antimicrobials tiamulin, lincomycin, tylosin, metronidazole, tetracycline and ampicillin. based on available minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoint values for brachyspira hyodysenteriae or other gram-negative enteric veterinary pathogens, iso ... | 2006 | 16448937 |
| comparison of culture and biochemical tests with pcr for detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli. | traditional culture and biochemical tests (cbt) were compared with pcr for sensitivity and detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in seeded faeces and clinical samples from diarrhoeic pigs. a duplex pcr system was developed based on primers detecting the tlya-gene of b. hyodysenteriae and the 16s rrna-gene of b. pilosicoli. sensitivities for the pcr system were determined on seeded faeces, using dna that had been recovered from primary cultures or extracted directly f ... | 2006 | 16457900 |
| development of a multiplex-pcr for rapid detection of the enteric pathogens lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and brachyspira pilosicoli in porcine faeces. | to develop an assay to simultaneously detect lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in pig faeces. | 2006 | 16478518 |
| reclassification of serpulina intermedia and serpulina murdochii in the genus brachyspira as brachyspira intermedia comb. nov. and brachyspira murdochii comb. nov. | a reassessment was undertaken of published characteristics of the five species of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes in the genus brachyspira (brachyspira aalborgi, brachyspira alvinipulli, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira innocens and brachyspira pilosicoli) and the two species in the genus serpulina (serpulina intermedia and serpulina murdochii). comparisons were made of published descriptions, including phenotypic properties, grouping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, dna base compo ... | 2006 | 16627646 |
| comparison of prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in four australian populations. | this study examined the prevalence of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in different western australian (wa) populations. faecal samples included 287 from rural patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, comprising 142 from non-aboriginal and 145 from aboriginal people; 227 from recent healthy migrants to wa from developing countries; and 90 from healthy non-aboriginal individuals living in perth, wa. dna was extracted from faeces, and subjected to pcr ass ... | 2006 | 16638167 |
| [the use of in-situ hybridization for the detection of brachyspira spp. in pigs]. | diagnosis of brachyspira infections in swine and the differentiation of the involved bacteria is time-consuming and in most cases unsatisfactory. detecting brachyspira directly in the damaged brachyspira of the large intestine could provide a direct correlation between histological lesionsa and bacterial growth. in this study we investigated whether in-situ hybridization (ish) with a digoxigenin-labeled rna-probe is a suitable method for detecting brachyspira in the mucosa of the large intestine ... | 2005 | 15900675 |
| spherical body formation in the spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | when cultures of brachyspira hyodysenteriae were grown under a wide range of in vitro conditions, at least 1% of the cells formed spherical bodies different to the normal helical form. this percentage increased considerably in aging cultures or following their incubation in caramelized media. spherical body formation was initiated from a terminal localized swelling of the outer sheath followed by a retraction of the protoplasmic cylinder into the resulting swollen vesicle. as this occurred, the ... | 2006 | 16684096 |
| lawsonia intracellularis infection in the large intestines of pigs. | in this study we examined the proliferative enteropathy, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, in colon of naturally infected pigs, using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and scanning confocal laser microscopy. when 396 pigs submitted for routine laboratory examination were investigated, large intestinal gross lesions were seen in 93, including 74 cases of l. intracellularis colitis (proliferative enteropathy). fifty-one pigs without recorded colonic ... | 2006 | 16689824 |
| induction of differential immune reactivity to members of the flora of gnotobiotic mice following colonization with helicobacter bilis or brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | aberrant host immune responses to bacterial components of the resident microflora may initiate and perpetuate gastrointestinal inflammation. to investigate how microbial perturbation promotes host immunological responsiveness to commensal bacteria and contributes to the development of typhlocolitis, we selectively colonized defined (altered schaedler) flora c3h mice with either helicobacter bilis or brachyspira hyodysenteriae. following selective colonization, tissues were analyzed for gross/his ... | 2006 | 16698302 |
| isolation of brachyspira pilosicoli from weanling horses with chronic diarrhoea. | | 2006 | 16699136 |
| the wheat variety used in the diet of laying hens influences colonization with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia. | this study investigated whether feeding different wheat varieties to laying hens could influence colonization with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia. fifty isa-brown laying hens were divided into two groups. one group were fed a laying-hen diet formulated with wheat variety westonia, and one were fed the diet incorporating variety stilleto. each group was divided into 15 hens experimentally infected with b. intermedia and 10 uninfected controls. the 30 infected hens were housed i ... | 2004 | 15763727 |
| d-ribose utilisation differentiates porcine brachyspira pilosicoli from other porcine brachyspira species. | d-ribose utilisation was studied in 60 brachyspira pilosicoli strains and 35 strains of other brachyspira species, the majority of which were of porcine origin. utilisation of d-ribose was demonstrated indirectly by measuring the reduction in ph of densely inoculated tryptone-peptone broth supplemented with 7% foetal calf serum and 1% d-ribose. among b. pilosicoli strains, the mean reduction in ph units was 1.72 (range 0.95-2.28) in broth with d-ribose and 0.27 (range 0.10-0.40) in sugar-free co ... | 2006 | 16701624 |
| potential for zoonotic transmission of brachyspira pilosicoli. | | 2006 | 16710961 |
| prevalence of brachyspira species in pigs with diarrhoea in spain. | | 2006 | 16714437 |
| differential expression of the bhmp39 major outer membrane proteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the enteric, anaerobic spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery, a severe mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease of pigs that has economic significance in every major pork-producing country. recent investigation into potential vaccine candidates has focused on the outer membrane proteins of b. hyodysenteriae. bhmp39 (formerly vsp39) is the most abundant surface-exposed outer membrane protein of b. hyodysenteriae; its predicted gene sequence has previously been s ... | 2006 | 16714554 |
| a cross-sectional study to investigate the occurrence and distribution of intestinal spirochaetes (brachyspira spp.) in three flocks of laying hens. | a cross-sectional study was conducted on a commercial egg-producing farm with a history of wet litter. a total of 600 fresh caecal faecal samples were obtained from under cages of laying hens in three sheds each containing flocks of approximately 5400 hens. samples were cultured for intestinal spirochaetes, and growth on the primary isolation plate was observed under a phase contrast microscope and subjected to pcrs specific for the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira intermedia and brachyspira ... | 2004 | 15708815 |
| immunological alterations during the clinical and recovery phases of experimental swine dysentery. | the aim of this study was to examine changes in the systemic immune response during the incubation period and following the onset of clinical swine dysentery, including the recovery period. ten healthy conventional pigs were inoculated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. blood was sampled at pre-inoculation, at days 4 and 14 post-inoculation, during the first 4 days with clinical signs of dysentery and at days 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 of the recovery period. eight pigs developed haemorrhagic diarrhoea. f ... | 2006 | 16772410 |
| risk factors associated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae pcr-positivity in east-european pig production units. | the objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors for swine dysentery in east-european middle-to-large sized, farrow-to-finish units, with separate breeding and grower-finisher facilities. samples of faeces from 10 breeding animals (3-10% of the female inventory) and 10 grower finisher pigs (80-140 days of age) were collected for polymerase chain reaction testing (pcr) for brachyspira hyodysenteriae (b. hyo). of 139 farrow-to-finish units, 51 (36.7%) were positive, 49 (35.3%) ... | 2006 | 16800228 |
| effects of griseoviridin and viridogrisein against swine dysentery in experimental infection by using mice and pigs. | griseoviridin, a known antibiotic produced by streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, was found to be active against brachyspira hyodysenteriae--the bacterium causing swine dysentery. an in vitro synergism is observed when it is used in combination with viridogrisein--a simultaneously produced antibiotic. in mouse experiments, the effect of griseoviridin alone was less than that of lincomycin--a commercially available swine dysentery medication. however, a 1:1 mixture of griseoviridin and viridogrise ... | 2006 | 16820711 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of fus-1 (oxa-85), a narrow-spectrum class d beta-lactamase from fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum. | previous studies have reported beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in fusobacterium nucleatum, but no beta-lactamase gene has yet been identified in this species. an f. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum strain resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin was isolated from a human periodontitis sample. dna cloning and sequencing revealed a 765-bp open reading frame encoding a new class d beta-lactamase named fus-1 (oxa-85). a recombinant escherichia coli strain carrying the bla(fus-1) gene exhibi ... | 2006 | 16870757 |
| the 23s rrna gene pcr-rflp used for characterization of porcine intestinal spirochete isolates. | using three reference strains of brachyspira hyodysenteriae (b204, b234, b169), one b. pilosicoli (p43/6/78), one b. murdochii (56-150), one b. intermedia (pws/a), one b. innocens (b256) and ten korean isolates, pcr-rflp analysis of dna encoding 23s rrna was performed to establish a rapid and accurate method for characterizing porcine intestinal spirochetes. consequently, b. hyodysenteriae and b. pilosicoli revealed different restriction patterns; however, the other three species shared the same ... | 2006 | 16871023 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome--pmws. the first year with the disease in sweden. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of pigs. pcv2 has been present in the swedish pig population for at least ten years. despite this, no signs of pmws were observed in pigs of sweden until 2003. since then the disease has spread slowly in sweden. the pig population of sweden is geographically isolated, the density of pigs and the pathogen load in the country is low and the trade of animals is organised in a res ... | 2004 | 15663213 |
| a wheat-based diet enhances colonization with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia in experimentally infected laying hens. | this study investigated the influence of feeding diets based on cereals with different non-starch polysaccharide content on colonization with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia in experimentally infected laying hens. the diets were based on wheat, barley, or barley and sorghum, all with or without supplementation with exogenous dietary enzymes. six groups of 12 individually caged laying hens were fed the respective diets for 2 weeks, and then challenged at 20 weeks of age by crop ... | 2004 | 15370044 |
| colonic spirochetosis of colony-raised rhesus macaques associated with brachyspira and helicobacter. | colonic spirochetosis is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects a broad range of hosts, including human and non-human primates. the disease in humans and non-human primates is characterized by intimate attachment of the anaerobic spirochetes brachyspira aalborgi and b. pilosicoli, and some unclassified flagellated microbes along the apical membrane of colonic enterocytes. although the presence of spiral-shaped bacteria with single polar flagella and blunted ends in colonic spirochetosis is w ... | 2003 | 16887687 |
| quality-control ranges for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth dilution of the brachyspira hyodysenteriae type strain (atcc 27164t). | there are no approved standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the fastidious spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. an interlaboratory study was performed to establish mic quality control ranges for six antimicrobial agents for the type strain of b. hyodysenteriae using broth dilution. the results showed that b. hyodysenteriae b78t atcc 27164t is a suitable quality control strain. this is a first step toward standardization of methods regarding this anaerobe. | 2006 | 17002550 |
| consecutive pathological and immunological alterations during experimentally induced swine dysentery - a study performed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy samplings through an intestinal cannula. | the development of intestinal lesions after inoculation with brachyspira hyodysenteriae was followed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy sampling through a caecal cannula. seven eight-week-old pigs were cannulated and inoculated, two were cannulated but not inoculated, and two pigs were inoculated but not cannulated. endoscopy, biopsy, and blood sampling to determine saa (serum amyloid a), haptoglobin, cortisol, and wbc counts were performed at scheduled time-points. at the third day of disease, en ... | 2007 | 17023011 |
| the effect of fermentable carbohydrates on experimental swine dysentery and whip worm infections in pigs. | an experiment was conducted to study the effect of diets with contrasting fermentability in the large intestine on experimental infections with brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of swine dysentery, and the whip worm, trichuris suis, in pigs. two diets with organically grown ingredients were composed. both diets were based on triticale and barley and supplemented with either rape seed cake (diet 1) or dried chicory root and sweet lupins (diet 2). the study had a three-factorial desi ... | 2007 | 17049759 |
| blood concentrations of amino acids, glucose and lactate during experimental swine dysentery. | the aim of this study was to examine blood concentrations of amino acids, glucose and lactate in association with experimental swine dysentery. ten pigs (approximately 23kg) were orally inoculated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae. eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general appearance, changes in white blood cell counts and increased levels of the acute phase protein serum amyolid a. blood samples were taken before inoculation, during the incubation period, during cl ... | 2007 | 17078986 |
| the specific antibody to brachyspira aalborgi in serum obtained from a patient with intestinal spirochetosis. | serum obtained from a patient histopathologically diagnosed as intestinal spirochetosis was investigated serodiagnostically by agglutination test. b. aalborgi which is a human intestinal spirochete reacted strongly with the human serum, while b. pilosicoli which has potential pathogenicity to humans reacted with the serum, but as strongly and its titer was different than the other three species. on the other hand, intestinal spirochetes (matsumoto isolates) were isolated from the biopsy samples ... | 2006 | 17085888 |
| survey on the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis in children living on pig farms. | the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis was investigated by pcr analyses of faeces from 60 children living on european pig farms. in addition, 60 other children were included as controls. two samples were positive for b. aalborgi but b. pilosicoli and l. intracellularis were not demonstrated. | 2007 | 17134531 |
| colonic amoebiasis and spirochetosis: morphological, ultrastructural and microbiological evaluation. | the present study reports on a prompt diagnosis of colonic amoebiasis with colonic spirochetosis by brachyspira aalborgi and b. pilosicoli; such diagnosis allowed exclusion of other diseases and resolution of the case after specific treatment. | 2007 | 17201883 |
| colonic spirochetosis associated with dermatomyositis. | | 2007 | 17285501 |
| a novel enteropathogenic, strongly haemolytic spirochaete isolated from pig and mallard, provisionally designated 'brachyspira suanatina' sp. nov. | atypical, strongly haemolytic porcine isolates of intestinal spirochaetes differing genetically from brachyspira hyodysenteriae were identified and characterized. the isolates were subjected to culture and biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular analyses. none of four species-specific polymerase chain reaction systems targeting genes of b. hyodysenteriae gave a positive reaction. all the atypical porcine isolates were identical in their partial 16s rrna and nox gene ... | 2007 | 17359270 |
| intestinal spirochetosis due to brachyspira pilosicoli: endoscopic and radiographic features. | we report a 31-year-old patient with intestinal spirochetosis. colonoscopy revealed edematous mucosa with multiple erythematous spots in the proximal colon. barium enema examination demonstrated marked edema with luminal narrowing and thumb-printing predominantly in the ascending colon. numerous spirochetes were detected by histological examinations of biopsy specimens. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the bacterial 16s ribosomal rna showed the organisms to be brachyspira pilosic ... | 2007 | 17380285 |
| decreased susceptibility to doxycycline associated with a 16s rrna gene mutation in brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the objective of this study was to assess whether nucleotide substitutions in the 16s rdna sequence of selected brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolates could explain differences in doxycycline minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics). the main part of the 16s rrna gene was sequenced and compared for 19 isolates with different doxycycline mics. a mutation in the 16s rrna gene at the position corresponding to 1058 in escherichia coli has been shown to cause tetracycline resistance in other bacteria. i ... | 2007 | 17428623 |
| the organic acid profiles in the feces of pigs at brachyspira hyodysenteriae- or b. pilosicoli-positive farms. | we observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. a total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid concentration by hplc and were checked for the presence of b. hyodysenteriae and b. pilosicoli by pcr. b. hyodysenteriae was detected in 3 samples collected from one farm. b. pilosicoli was detected ... | 2007 | 17485934 |
| prophage-like gene transfer agents-novel mechanisms of gene exchange for methanococcus, desulfovibrio, brachyspira, and rhodobacter species. | gene transfer agents (gtas) are novel mechanisms for bacterial gene transfer. they resemble small, tailed bacteriophages in ultrastructure and act like generalized transducing prophages. in contrast to functional prophages, gtas package random fragments of bacterial genomes and incomplete copies of their own genomes. the packaged dna content is characteristic of the gta and ranges in size from 4.4 to 13.6kb. gtas have been reported in species of brachyspira, methanococcus, desulfovibrio, and rho ... | 2007 | 17513139 |
| the distribution and chemical coding of intramural neurons supplying the porcine stomach - the study on normal pigs and on animals suffering from swine dysentery. | the present study was designed to investigate the expression of biologically active substances by intramural neurons supplying the stomach in normal (control) pigs and in pigs suffering from dysentery. eight juvenile female pigs were used. both dysenteric (n = 4; inoculated with brachyspira hyodysenteriae) and control (n = 4) animals were deeply anaesthetized, transcardially perfused with buffered paraformalehyde, and tissue samples comprising all layers of the wall of the ventricular fundus wer ... | 2007 | 17535350 |
| induction and transcription of vsh-1, a prophage-like gene transfer agent of brachyspira hyodysenteriae. | the anaerobic spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae is host to a bacteriophage-like agent known as vsh-1. vsh-1 is a novel gene transfer mechanism which does not self-propagate and transfers random 7.5kb fragments of host dna between b. hyodysenteriae cells. in these investigations early events during vsh-1 induction by mitomycin c were examined. quantitative pcr analysis revealed that vsh-1 hvp38 and hvp53 genes did not detectably increase in copy numbers during induction. based on northern blo ... | 2007 | 17540587 |
| prevalence of selected enteropathogenic bacteria in hungarian finishing pigs. | the aim of this study was to obtain prevalence estimates about the most important enteropathogenic bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, salmonella enterica and clostridium perfringens a and c in hungarian farrow-to-finish pig herds. a total of 31 herds were selected, from where six pooled faecal samples, each containing three individual rectal faecal samples were collected from fattening pigs of 5-6 months of age. all 186 samples were examined b ... | 2007 | 17555287 |
| distribution of the clpx gene in brachyspira species and reactivity of recombinant brachyspira pilosicoli clpx with sera from mice and humans. | previously, a clpx gene encoding a predicted 67 kda membrane-associated atpase subunit of the clp protease (clpx) was identified in a porcine strain (95/1,000) of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli. in the current study, the distribution of this large clpx gene was investigated in a collection of strains representing all seven brachyspira spp. using pcr with internal primers, an 878 bp portion of the gene was detected in 29 of 35 strains (83 %) of b. pilosicoli, 6 of 24 strains (2 ... | 2007 | 17577058 |
| occurrence of human intestinal spirochetosis in comparison with infections by other enteropathogenic agents in an area of the northern italy. | the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of human intestinal spirochetosis (is) by a 16s rrna restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (rflp-pcr) in a selected group (234) of patients with gastrointestinal complaints and/or potential risk factors for is in comparison with the occurrence of infections by other enteropathogenic agents. by using 16s rrna rflp-pcr, 16 patients (6.8%) with is were found (11 infected by brachyspira aalborgi, 3 by brachyspira pi ... | 2007 | 17662556 |
| asian origin and rapid global spread of the destructive dry rot fungus serpula lacrymans. | the dry rot fungus serpula lacrymans (basidiomycota) is the most damaging destroyer of wood construction materials in temperate regions. while being a widespread aggressive indoor biodeterioration agent, it is only found in a few natural environments. the geographical source of spread and colonization by this fungus in human environments is thus somewhat of an enigma. employing genetic markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, dna sequences and microsatellites) on a worldwide sample of s ... | 2007 | 17688538 |