| molecular detection of borrelia bissettii dna in serum samples from patients in the czech republic with suspected borreliosis. | until recently, three spirochete genospecies were considered to be the causative agents of lyme borreliosis (lb) in europe: borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii. however, the dna of borrelia valaisiana, borrelia lusitaniae, borrelia spielmanii and borrelia bissettii has already been detected in samples of human origin, or the spirochetes were isolated from the patients with symptoms of lb. molecular analysis of 12 selected serum samples collected in the regio ... | 2009 | 19187198 |
| local borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia afzelii strains in a single mixed antigen improves western blot sensitivity. | this study evaluates the use of local borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia afzelii strains in a single mixed antigen for in-house igg western blots in the routine diagnostic setting by comparing it with the current in-house protocol. | 2009 | 19240047 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dogs in the czech republic. | the aim of this study is to present molecular, serologic, and clinical findings for dogs that were naturally infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum or borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) in the czech republic. this data can provide information relevant to human infection. in total, blood samples from 296 dogs and 118 engorged ticks were examined. samples were tested for a. phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification, nested pcr, and direct sequencing of the 16s rdna, ... | 2009 | 19271998 |
| species of borrelia burgdorferi complex that cause borrelial lymphocytoma in france. | only about 30 cases of borrelial lymphocytoma (bl) with identification of the causative species of borrelia have been published to date, mainly from eastern or central european countries. | 2009 | 19302068 |
| lyme neuroborreliosis: manifestations of a rapidly emerging zoonosis. | lyme disease has a worldwide distribution and is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. incidence, clinical manifestations, and presentations vary by geography, season, and recreational habits. lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb) is neurologic involvement secondary to systemic infection by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in the united states and by borrelia garinii or borrelia afzelii species in europe. enhanced awareness of the clinical presentation of lyme disease allows inclus ... | 2009 | 19346313 |
| detection of the dna of borrelia afzelii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia canis in blood samples from dogs in warsaw. | each month, from march 2003 to february 2004, 34 blood samples from dogs were randomly selected from the blood samples delivered to two veterinary laboratories in warsaw and tested for the dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia canis and hepatozoon canis. borrelia dna was detected in seven of the 408 dogs, a phagocytophilum dna was found in two, and b canis dna was found in 48 (11.8 per cent). the dna of h canis was not found in any of the blood samples. seque ... | 2009 | 19363228 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lizards and their ticks from hungary. | to investigate the involvement of lizard species in the natural cycle of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in hungary, a total of 186 reptiles belonging to three species--126 green lizards (lacerta viridis), 40 balkan wall lizards (podarcis taurica), and 20 sand lizards (lacerta agilis)--were captured in 2007 and 2008. all ticks removed from the lizards were ixodes ricinus, either larvae (324/472; 68.6%) or nymphs (148/472; 31.4%). more than half (66/126; 52.4%) of l. viridis individuals we ... | 2009 | 19492950 |
| integration of a tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato into mountain ecosystems, following a shift in the altitudinal limit of distribution of their vector, ixodes ricinus (krkonose mountains, czech republic). | the altitudinal shift in the limit of ixodes ricinus occurrence above the previously established altitude of 750 m above sea level has been monitored over the long-term (2002-2008) in the krkonose mts. (giant mts.), the highest in the czech republic, along two vertical transects in their eastern and central parts (600-1020 and 600-1270 m). ticks were collected by flagging three times annually, and examined individually by pcr or rt-pcr for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato or tick- ... | 2010 | 19492952 |
| risk indicators for the tick ixodes ricinus and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in sweden. | the distributional area of the tick ixodes ricinus (l.), the primary european vector to humans of lyme borreliosis spirochaetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) and tick-borne encephalitis virus, appears to be increasing in sweden. it is therefore important to determine which environmental factors are most useful to assess risk of human exposure to this tick and its associated pathogens. the geographical distribution of i. ricinus in sweden was analysed with respect to vegetation zones and clim ... | 2009 | 19712153 |
| borrelia burgdorferi stimulates macrophages to secrete higher levels of cytokines and chemokines than borrelia afzelii or borrelia garinii. | to delineate the inflammatory potential of the 3 pathogenic species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, we stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy human donors with 10 isolates each of b. burgdorferi, borrelia afzelii, or borrelia garinii recovered from erythema migrans skin lesions of patients with lyme borreliosis from the united states or slovenia. b. burgdorferi isolates from the united states induced macrophages to secrete significantly higher levels of interleukin (il)-8, ccl3 ... | 2009 | 19909078 |
| a comparative analysis of molecular markers for the detection and identification of borrelia spirochaetes in ixodes ricinus. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, carried by ixodes ticks, is one of the most significant human pathogens, causing lyme disease. as there is no standardized pcr method for detection and identification of spirochaete dna, we carried out a comparative analysis using a set of complementary primers for three regions in the genomic dna of these bacteria (genes fla and rrs and the non-coding rrs-rrla region). dna extracted from 579 ixodes ricinus ticks was subjected to nested pcr. dna of the examined s ... | 2010 | 20007765 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks in belgrade area. | lyme borreliosis is vector-borne zoonosis. the causative agent of lyme borreliosis is a spirochete of borrelia burgdorferi (bb) sensu lato complex, which is transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the aim of our paper is to estimate the prevalence of i. ricinus ticks, the level of their infectivity by bb, and the prevalence of certain genospecies of bb sensu lato in ixodide ticks inhabiting belgrade. | 2010 | 20017716 |
| prevalence of five pathogenic agents in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from western france. | in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of many emerging pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), anaplasma phagocytophilum, spotted fever group rickettsia sp., babesia sp., and very likely bartonella sp. in this study, we looked for the presence of dna of these microorganisms in 572 ticks from two forests in the west of france. dna extraction and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification were performed on individual nymphal, male, and female i. ricinus ticks. amplifica ... | 2010 | 20020814 |
| binding of the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein to lyme disease borreliae. | the lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii, are tick-borne pathogens that can cause chronic disseminated infections. to survive in the human host borreliae need to evade the immune system. it is already well known that b. burgdorferi ss. and b. afzelii bind the complement (c) alternative pathway inhibitor factor h from serum using ospe and crasp-1/bba68 proteins to escape c attack. in the presence of natural antibodies and in chronic i ... | 2010 | 20022381 |
| [the heterogeneity of the ospa gene of borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii in western siberia and mongolia]. | 48 full-length borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii from west siberia and mongolia ospa gene nucleotide sequences was determined. four groups of borrelia garinii were revealed using the analysis of nucleotide sequences. the most variable ospa gene region was demonstrated to be included in region where the antigenic determinants of protein were encoded. high homology level was shown for nucleotide sequences corresponding to isolates of borrelia afzelii. | 2009 | 20050161 |
| [enzyme immunoassay-based analysis of ospc recombinant proteins from borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii isolated in west siberia]. | to study the ability of ospc recombinant proteins from borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii isolated in west siberia to interact with serum antibodies from patients with tick-borne borreliosis (tbb). | 2010 | 20218339 |
| transmission dynamics of borrelia lusitaniae and borrelia afzelii among ixodes ricinus, lizards, and mice in tuscany, central italy. | to estimate the basic reproduction number (r(0)) of borrelia lusitaniae and borrelia afzelii, we formulated a mathematical model considering the interactions among the tick vector, vertebrate hosts, and pathogens in a 500-ha enclosed natural reserve on le cerbaie hills, tuscany, central italy. in the study area, ixodes ricinus were abundant and were found infected by b. lusitaniae and b. afzelii. lizards (podarcis spp.) and mice (apodemus spp.), respectively, are the reservoir hosts of these two ... | 2011 | 20482342 |
| acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: a case report and review of the literature. | acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) is a rare tertiary manifestation of lyme borreliosis, manifesting as inflammatory and atrophic lesions on acral skin. although aca rarely has been reported in the united states, it may be seen in approximately 10% of european cases of lyme borreliosis, most commonly associated with the genospecies borrelia afzelii. we report a presumptive case of aca involving an american woman from pennsylvania with convincing clinical, histopathologic, and serologic fi ... | 2010 | 20540415 |
| serological survey of five zoonoses, scrub typhus, japanese spotted fever, tularemia, lyme disease, and q fever, in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | we investigated the seroprevalence of five tick- or mite-borne zoonoses, scrub typhus (orientia tsutsugamushi), japanese spotted fever (rickettsia japonica), tularemia (francisella tularensis), lyme disease (borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii), and q fever (coxiella burnetii), in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) captured in hokkaido and kanagawa prefectures in japan. of the 559 raccoons captured in hokkaido, 8 (1.4%), 3 (0.5%), 1 (0.2%), and 1 (0.2%) carried antibodies against o. tsutsugamushi ... | 2011 | 20553108 |
| expression and sequence diversity of the complement regulating outer surface protein e in borrelia afzelii vs. borrelia garinii in patients with erythema migrans or neuroborreliosis. | outer surface protein e (ospe) is a complement factor h-binding virulence factor of borrelial subspecies. it is usually absent from in vitro grown borrelia garinii, although in vivo b. garinii causes neuroborreliosis (nb). we analyzed the presence and sequence spectrum of the ospe genes in vivo in borrelia spirochetes. dna samples from the skin, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with infections caused by borrelia afzelii or b. garinii were studied, and anti-ospe antibodies in the c ... | 2010 | 20603210 |
| host migration impacts on the phylogeography of lyme borreliosis spirochaete species in europe. | the geographic patterns of transmission opportunities of vector-borne zoonoses are determined by a complex interplay between the migration patterns of the host and the vector. here we examine the impact of host migration on the spread of a tick-borne zoonotic disease, using lyme borreliosis (lb) spirochaetal species in europe. we demonstrate that the migration of the lb species is dependent on and limited by the migration of their respective hosts. we note that populations of borrelia spp. assoc ... | 2011 | 20722696 |
| prevalence and diversity of borrelia species in ticks that have bitten humans in sweden. | members of the genus borrelia are among the most common infectious agents causing tick-borne disease in humans worldwide. here, we developed a light upon extension (lux) real-time pcr assay that can detect and quantify borrelia species in ticks that have fed on humans, and we applied the assay to 399 such ticks. borrelia pcr-positive ticks were identified to species level by sequencing the products of conventional pcr performed using borrelia group-specific primers. there was a 19% prevalence of ... | 2010 | 20844223 |
| established and emerging pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the baltic sea. | tick-borne pathogens such as lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp. and babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. in spring 2007, 191 ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the baltic sea in order to test them for borrelia spp., ... | 2010 | 20868431 |
| the genetic structure of borrelia afzelii varies with geographic but not ecological sampling scale. | the genetic structure of a pathogen is an important determinant of its potential rate of adaptation and can thereby influence the dynamics of host-parasite interactions. we investigated how the genetic structure of borrelia afzelii varies with geographic and ecological sampling scale. genetic structure was measured as the degree of linkage disequilibrium (ld) across three loci. to test for the effects of geographic and ecological scale, we calculated ld across or within populations 4-82 km apart ... | 2010 | 20964784 |
| [analysis of borrelia burgdorferi genostrains among patients with lyme disease]. | lyme borreliosis is a zoonose which can be transmitted to the humans during ixodes tick bite to the skin. the disease is caused by bacteria--spirochetes of the borrelia species, classified as borrelia burgdorferi strain. in poland lyme borreliosis is caused by borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. the presence of borrelia spielmani was recently reported. | 2009 | 21033412 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in china. | we genotyped 102 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from ticks, animals, and patients in 11 provinces in china by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) amplification of 5s (rrf)-23s (rrl) rrna gene spacer amplicons and multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa). the results showed that borrelia garinii was the main genotype in china (65/102) and that it was distributed mainly in northern china. borrelia afzelii was the second most frequently found species (22/102), and i ... | 2010 | 21106783 |
| prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ticks in belgium. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a genetically diverse group of spirochetes that includes the agent of lyme borreliosis in which genospecies tend to be associated with specific clinical features. the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in 524 ticks collected in woods of a western province of belgium. presence of spirochetes in ticks was determined by phase contrast microscopy. the mean infection rate of ticks was 12.0%. vari ... | 2010 | 21128558 |
| genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from northeastern china. | thirty-two strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from northeastern china from may to june in 2004 and 2005. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and sequence analysis of 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer revealed that 29 (90.6%) belonged to borrelia garinii, demonstrating b, c, and a unique pattern. the remaining three isolates (9.4%) were borrelia afzelii with pattern d. the phylogenetic analysis based on 5s-23s rrna int ... | 2010 | 21142958 |
| first isolation and molecular identification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia afzelii from skin biopsies of patients in taiwan. | in order to clarify the transmission cycle and genetic identity of borrelia spirochetes in the non-endemic country of taiwan, the causative agents responsible for human borreliosis were isolated from skin biopsies of patients and their genetic identities were determined. | 2010 | 21147012 |
| synanthropic birds influence the distribution of borrelia species: analysis of ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on passerine birds. | ixodes ricinus ticks collected from 835 birds and from vegetation in the czech republic were analyzed. host-seeking ticks (n = 427) were infected predominantly by borrelia afzelii (25%). ticks (n = 1,012) from songbirds (passeriformes) were infected commonly by borrelia garinii (12.1%) and borrelia valaisiana (13.4%). juveniles of synanthropic birds, eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (turdus philomelos), were major reservoir hosts of b. garinii. | 2010 | 21148704 |
| a new approach to a lyme disease vaccine. | a single recombinant outer surface protein a (ospa) antigen designed to contain protective elements from 2 different ospa serotypes (1 and 2) is able to induce antibody responses that protect mice against infection with either borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ospa serotype-1) or borrelia afzelii (ospa serotype-2). protection against infection with b burgdorferi ss strain zs7 was demonstrated in a needle-challenge model. protection against b. afzelii species was shown in a tick-challenge model ... | 2011 | 21217174 |
| detection of tick blood parasites in egypt using pcr assay ii- borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the etiologic agent of lyme borrelosis (lb), was determined for the first time in egypt by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). questing 5243 hard and soft ticks were collected from animal farms throughout giza governorate. dna from 500 individual tick species was extracted and pcr was performed. primers verified from the sequence of german strain pko of borrelia afzelii were used. fragments of 642 bp were generated and sequenced. the p ... | 2010 | 21268526 |
| small risk of developing symptomatic tick-borne diseases following a tick bite in the netherlands. | in the netherlands, the incidence of lyme borreliosis is on the rise. besides its causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., other potential pathogens like rickettsia, babesia and ehrlichia species are present in ixodes ricinus ticks. the risk of disease associated with these microorganisms after tick-bites remains, however, largely unclear. a prospective study was performed to investigate how many persons with tick-bites develop localized or systemic symptoms and whether these are associated w ... | 2011 | 21310036 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr assay for the detection, genotyping, and quantification of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ticks in a routine laboratory setting. | testing of saved ixodes ticks for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi after biting a patient may be helpful to assess the risk of bacterial transmission and to decide upon preventive antibiotic treatment. a commercially available real-time pcr assay for the identification and quantification of borrelia burdorferi sensu lato species (lightmix kit for the detection of borrelia spp., tib molbiol) was evaluated. | 2011 | 21391467 |
| the expanding lyme borrelia complex--clinical significance of genomic species? | ten years after the discovery of spirochaetes as agents of lyme disease in 1982 in the usa, three genomic species had diverged from the phenotypically heterogeneous strains of borrelia burgdorferi isolated in north america and europe: borrelia afzelii, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (further b. burgdorferi), and borrelia garinii. whereas b. burgdorferi remained the only human pathogen in north america, all three species are aetiological agents of lyme borreliosis in europe. another seven genospeci ... | 2011 | 21414082 |
| loss of plasmids of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato during prolonged in vitro cultivation. | in the present study we analyzed stability of plasmid content in 34 borrelia strains of three different species (13 borrelia afzelii, 10 borrelia garinii and 11 borrelia burgodorferi sensu stricto) using pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge). during long-term in vitro cultivation consisting of 50 passages, plasmid loss was established in 46% of b. afzelii, 40% of b. garinii and 36% of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains. loss of plasmids occurred as early as between the 5th and 10th passage, a ... | 2011 | 21419795 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato detected in skin of norwegian mountain hares (lepus timidus) without signs of dissemination. | the mountain hare (lepus timidus) population in southern norway appears to be in decline. necropsy and laboratory examinations of 36 hares found dead or diseased during 2007-2009 in vest- and aust-agder counties showed that disease and deaths were attributed to multiple causes, with no specific etiology emerging as a cause for population decline. to investigate whether borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) infection is associated with mortality in mountain hares, tissues and ticks collected fro ... | 2011 | 21441181 |
| correlation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in questing ixodes ricinus ticks with specific abiotic traits in the western palearctic. | this meta-analysis of reports examining ticks throughout the western palearctic region indicates a distinct geographic pattern for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in questing nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks. the greatest prevalence was reported between the 5°e and 25°e longitudes based on an analysis of 123 collection points with 37,940 nymphal tick specimens (87.43% of total nymphs; 56.35% of total ticks in the set of reports over the target area). climatic traits, such as temperature a ... | 2011 | 21498767 |
| decorin binding by dbpa and b of borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. | background. decorin adherence is crucial in the pathogenesis of lyme borreliosis. decorin-binding proteins (dbp) a and b are the adhesins that mediate this interaction. dbpa and b of borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) differ in their amino acid sequence, but little attention has been paid to the potential difference in their decorin binding. methods. we expressed recombinant dbpa and dbpb of b. garinii, b. afzelii, and b. burgdorferi ss and studied th ... | 2011 | 21628660 |
| acylated cholesteryl galactosides are ubiquitous glycolipid antigens among borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. it is caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, in particular b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii and b. afzelii. however, other genospecies have been implicated as causative factors of ld as well. b. burgdorferi exhibits numerous immunogenic lipoproteins, but due to strong heterogeneity, the use of these proteins for serodiagnosis and vaccination is hampered. we and others have identified acylated choleste ... | 2011 | 21635569 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals and ectoparasites in hungary. | abstract the aim of our study was to investigate the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals and ticks using polymerase chain reaction and to gain information about the prevalence and possible coexistence of these pathogens at a selected site in hungary. two hundred seventy-seven small mammals were trapped in south-eastern hungary during 2009. tissue samples and a total of 831 ectoparasites (ixodes ricinus, ixodes acuminatus, haemaphysali ... | 2011 | 21736488 |
| are birds reservoir hosts for borrelia afzelii? | it is known that birds are competent reservoir hosts of particular borrelia species like b. garinii and b. valaisiana but not for b. afzelii, a rodent-associated genospecies. since they can carry infected ticks over long distances, they are also important covectors for lyme borreliosis spirochaetes. to assess the role of different bird species in transmission and dispersal of borrelia ospa types, we examined 191 ixodes ricinus ticks from 99 birds, captured on a german conservation island in the ... | 2010 | 21771517 |
| [Southern taiga combined natural foci of spirochetoses]. | Study of possibility of existence of combined natural foci of spirochetoses (ixodes tick borrelioses and leptospiroses) in typical taiga forests, and their etiologic and reservoir-host structure. | 2011 | 22145345 |
| genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from northeastern china. | thirty-two strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from northeastern china from may to june in 2004 and 2005. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and sequence analysis of 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer revealed that 29 (90.6%) belonged to borrelia garinii, demonstrating b, c, and a unique pattern. the remaining three isolates (9.4%) were borrelia afzelii with pattern d. the phylogenetic analysis based on 5s-23s rrna int ... | 2011 | 21870355 |
| Borrelia afzelii ospC genotype diversity in Ixodes ricinus questing ticks and ticks from rodents in two Lyme borreliosis endemic areas: contribution of co-feeding ticks. | In Europe, the Lyme borreliosis (LB) agents like Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), B. afzelii, and B. garinii are maintained in nature by enzoonotic transmission cycles between vertebrate hosts and Ixodes ricinus ticks. The outer surface protein C is a highly antigenic protein expressed by spirochaetes during transmission from ticks to mammals as well as during dissemination in the vertebrate hosts. Previous studies based on analysis of ospC gene sequences have led to the classification o ... | 2011 | 21890066 |
| Inhibition of fibroblast apoptosis by Borrelia afzelii, Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella henselae. | Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Borrelia afzelii, Coxiella burnetii, and Bartonella henselae bacteria on apoptosis measured as the level of caspase 3 activity in human fibroblast cells HEL-299. Our findings show that C. burnetii bacteria may inhibit the process of apoptosis in the host cells for a long time. This can permit intracellular survival in the host a ... | 2011 | 22184936 |
| Effect of tick saliva on immune interactions between Borrelia afzelii and murine dendritic cells. | Interaction between mouse dendritic cells (DCs) and Borrelia afzelii spirochetes was monitored on three different levels: phagocytosis of spirochetes by DCs, production of cytokines by Borrelia-stimulated DCs and the ability of Borrelia-exposed DCs to activate specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. The effect of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva on each of these interactions was examined. Tick saliva was shown to decrease the number of phagocytosing DCs. The ability of Borrelia-exposed DCs to induce both prolife ... | 2011 | 21910742 |
| whole-genome sequences of two borrelia afzelii and two borrelia garinii lyme disease agent isolates. | human lyme disease is commonly caused by several species of spirochetes in the borrelia genus. in eurasia these species are largely borrelia afzelii, b. garinii, b. burgdorferi, and b. bavariensis sp. nov. whole-genome sequencing is an excellent tool for investigating and understanding the influence of bacterial diversity on the pathogenesis and etiology of lyme disease. we report here the whole-genome sequences of four isolates from two of the borrelia species that cause human lyme disease, b. ... | 2011 | 22123755 |
| Identification and characterization of Borrelia antigens as potential vaccine candidates against Lyme borreliosis. | The three Borrelia species, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii are the main species causing the most common tick-borne zoonosis, Lyme borreliosis. By applying a genomic approach relying on human antibodies we have identified 122 antigenic Borrelia proteins associated with Lyme borreliosis, including already known and published protective antigens. The heterogeneity of the Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis makes the search for conserved antigens providing broad pr ... | 2011 | 22100635 |
| Absence of Lyme Disease Spirochetes in Larval Ixodes ricinus Ticks. | Abstract To determine which kind of spirochete infects larval Ixodes ricinus, we examined questing larvae and larvae derived from engorged females for the presence of particular spirochetal DNA that permitted species differentiation. Borrelia miyamotoi was the sole spirochete detected in larval ticks sampled while questing on vegetation. Questing nymphal and adult ticks were infected mainly by Borrelia afzelii, whereas larval ticks resulting from engorged females of the same population were so ... | 2011 | 21923267 |
| Prospective study on the incidence of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato after a tick bite in a highly endemic area of Switzerland. | The periurban forest of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) is a high-risk area for Lyme Borreliosis, due to a high density of infected Ixodes ricinus ticks. In this study, we evaluated the risk of subclinical (seroconversion) and clinical infection after a tick bite in Neuchâtel inhabitants from 2003 to 2005. Inhabitants have been invited, through media, to visit a physician after a tick bite. A questionnaire was filled out and two blood samples were taken at 8-week interval. EIA screening tests for IgM an ... | 2011 | 21890065 |
| whole-genome sequences of borrelia bissettii, borrelia valaisiana, and borrelia spielmanii. | it has been known for decades that human lyme disease is caused by the three spirochete species borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia garinii. recently, borrelia valaisiana, borrelia spielmanii, and borrelia bissettii have been associated with lyme disease. we report the complete genome sequences of b. valaisiana vs116, b. spielmanii a14s, and b. bissettii dn127. | 2012 | 22207749 |
| Tick saliva suppresses IFN signalling in dendritic cells upon Borrelia afzelii infection. | Type I interferons (IFN-a and IFN-ß) are crucial determinants of the host immune response and tick saliva modulates this response, thus facilitating the transmission of tickborne pathogens. The current study therefore examines the effect of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva on IFN-ß signalling in murine dendritic cells using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Borrelia afzelii spirochaetes as inducers. Activated dendritic cells secret IFN that activates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT ... | 2012 | 22097894 |
| "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis", Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Lyme disease spirochetes in questing European vector ticks and in feeding ticks removed from people. | To estimate the likelihood of people coming into contact with the recently described tick-borne agent "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis", we compared its frequencies with those of Lyme disease spirochetes and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing adult Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in various Central European sites and examined ticks, which had been removed from people, for the presence of these pathogens. Whereas spirochetes infected questing adult ticks most frequently (22.3%), more than a ... | 2011 | 22205824 |
| global ecology and epidemiology of borrelia garinii spirochetes. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a tick-transmitted infectious disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.). in europe, three different borrelia species are the main causative agents of lb: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), borrelia afzelii, and borrelia garinii. the latter depends heavily on birds as its main reservoir hosts. in fact, birds can act both as biological carriers of borrelia and transporters of infected ticks. the seasonal migration of many bird species not only aid in the ... | 2011 | 22957111 |
| tick-borne infections as a cause of heart transplantation. | many bacterial species can be a cause of various heart diseases, such as: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, coxiella burnetii and bartonella spp. the aim of the present studies was to establish if any tick-borne infections can contribute to serious heart disorders resulting in the need for heart transplantation. myocardium, aortic and mitral valve samples from hearts removed from patients undergoing heart transplantation were tested. the presence of bartonella spp., borrelia afzeli and c. burneti ... | 2011 | 22390070 |
| serological detection of lyme borreliosis agents in patients from korea, 2005-2009. | laboratory tests are now being used to identify seropositive cases in patients suspected of having a lyme borreliosis (lb) infection. from 2005 to 2009, we analyzed the serological and epidemiological characteristics of 53 lb positive cases in korea using immunoblot assay. | 2011 | 24159447 |
| genome sequence of borrelia afzelii strain hlj01, isolated from a patient in china. | we report here the genome sequence of borrelia afzelii strain hlj01, isolated from a patient with lyme disease in china. it is the first report of the whole genome of a b. burgdorferi sensu lato isolate from a human in china. | 2012 | 23209254 |
| the lymphocyte transformation test for borrelia detects active lyme borreliosis and verifies effective antibiotic treatment. | borrelia-specific antibodies are not detectable until several weeks after infection and even if they are present, they are no proof of an active infection. since the sensitivity of culture and pcr for the diagnosis or exclusion of borreliosis is too low, a method is required that detects an active borrelia infection as early as possible. for this purpose, a lymphocyte transformation test (ltt) using lysate antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii and ... | 2012 | 23091571 |
| dipa, a pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of lyme disease spirochetes exhibits specificity for the permeation of dicarboxylates. | lyme disease borreliae are highly dependent on the uptake of nutrients provided by their hosts. our study describes the identification of a 36 kda protein that functions as putative dicarboxylate-specific porin in the outer membrane of lyme disease borrelia. the protein was purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography from borrelia burgdorferi b31 and designated as dipa, for dicarboxylate-specific porin a. dipa was partially sequenced, and corresponding genes were identified in the genomes of b. bu ... | 2012 | 22590556 |
| co-infection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia species in ticks and in an erythema migrans patient. | lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in europe. ixodes ricinus also carries other pathogenic bacteria, but corresponding human diseases are rarely reported. here, we compared the exposure to rickettsia helvetica and rickettsia monacensis with that to lyme borreliosis spirochetes. we assumed that their exposure corresponds to their infection rate in questing i. ricinus. | 2013 | 24326096 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence in tick populations in estonia. | estonia is located in a unique area of co-distribution of ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus, which are the main tick vectors of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. in the last decade, the incidence rate of lyme borreliosis in estonia has increased dramatically up to 115.4 per 100,000 in 2012. here we present the first survey of the presence, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of b. burgdorferi s.l. complex spirochetes in the tick population in estonia. | 2013 | 23837798 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus ticks from different geographical locations in belarus. | worldwide, ticks are important vectors of human and animal pathogens. besides lyme borreliosis, a variety of other bacterial and protozoal tick-borne infections are of medical interest in europe. in this study, 553 questing and feeding ixodes ricinus (n = 327) and dermacentor reticulatus ticks (n = 226) were analysed by pcr for borrelia, rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella, francisella and babesia species. overall, the pathogen prevalence in ticks was 30.6% for i. ricinus and 45.6% for d. reticulatu ... | 2013 | 23349900 |
| complete genome sequencing of borrelia valaisiana and borrelia afzelii isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in western siberia. | lyme disease, caused by bacteria of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is the most frequent tick-borne infection in eurasia. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the borrelia valaisiana tom 4006 and borrelia afzelii tom 3107 strains isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in western siberia. | 2014 | 25540343 |
| pathogens in ticks collected from dogs in berlin/brandenburg, germany. | tick-borne diseases are a major health risk for humans and dogs. in addition to collection and analysis of questing ticks, analysis of host-associated ticks for the presence of pathogens is a valuable method to gain insight into transmission patterns of tick-borne diseases. | 2014 | 25441762 |
| early cytokine release in response to live borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes is largely complement independent. | here we investigated the role of complement activation in phagocytosis and the release of cytokines and chemokines in response to two clinical isolates: borrelia afzelii k78, which is resistant to complement-mediated lysis, and borrelia garinii lu59, which is complement-sensitive. | 2014 | 25265036 |
| the heterogeneity, distribution, and environmental associations of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of lyme borreliosis, in scotland. | lyme borreliosis is an emerging infectious human disease caused by the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex of bacteria with reported cases increasing in many areas of europe and north america. to understand the drivers of disease risk and the distribution of symptoms, which may improve mitigation and diagnostics, here we characterize the genetics, distribution, and environmental associations of b. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies across scotland. in scotland, reported lyme borreliosis cases have ... | 2014 | 25221774 |
| ticks infesting humans in italy and associated pathogens. | ticks may transmit a large variety of pathogens, which cause illnesses in animals and humans, commonly referred to as to tick-borne diseases (tbds). the incidence of human tbds in italy is underestimated because of poor surveillance and the scant amount of studies available. | 2014 | 25023709 |
| multi-trophic interactions driving the transmission cycle of borrelia afzelii between ixodes ricinus and rodents: a review. | the tick ixodes ricinus is the main vector of the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causal agent of lyme borreliosis, in the western palearctic. rodents are the reservoir host of b. afzelii, which can be transmitted to i. ricinus larvae during a blood meal. the infected engorged larvae moult into infected nymphs, which can transmit the spirochaetes to rodents and humans. interestingly, even though only about 1% of the larvae develop into a borreliae-infected nymph, the enzootic bo ... | 2015 | 26684199 |
| infections and mixed infections with the selected species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in eastern poland: a significant increase in the course of 5 years. | in the years 2008-2009 and 2013-2014, 1620 and 1500 questing ixodes ricinus ticks, respectively, were examined on the territory of the lublin province (eastern poland). the presence of three pathogenic species causing lyme disease was investigated: borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii and b. garinii. the proportion of i. ricinus ticks infected with b. burgdorferi sensu lato showed a highly significant increase between 2008-2009 and 2013-2014, from 6.0 to 15.3%. a significant increase w ... | 2015 | 26590929 |
| pathogens vectored by the tick, dermacentor reticulatus, in endemic regions and zones of expansion in poland. | dermacentor reticulatus plays an important role in the maintenance of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance in the environment. currently two isolated populations of d. reticulatus are present in poland--western and eastern. the range of the eastern population covers endemic areas in eastern poland but this population is expanding westwards creating an expansion zone in the centre of the country. the expansion zone in western poland is occupied by the recently discovered western populat ... | 2015 | 26403456 |
| within-host competition between borrelia afzelii ospc strains in wild hosts as revealed by massively parallel amplicon sequencing. | infections frequently consist of more than one strain of a given pathogen. experiments have shown that co-infecting strains often compete, so that the infection intensity of each strain in mixed infections is lower than in single strain infections. such within-host competition can have important epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. however, the extent of competition has rarely been investigated in wild, naturally infected hosts, where there is noise in the form of varying inoculation d ... | 2015 | 26150659 |
| the borrelia afzelii outer membrane protein bapko_0422 binds human factor-h and is predicted to form a membrane-spanning β-barrel. | the deep evolutionary history of the spirochetes places their branch point early in the evolution of the diderms, before the divergence of the present day proteobacteria. as a spirochete, the morphology of the borrelia cell envelope shares characteristics of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a thin layer of peptidoglycan, tightly associated with the cytoplasmic membrane, is surrounded by a more labile outer membrane (om). this om is rich in lipoproteins but with few known integral m ... | 2015 | 26181365 |
| detection of lyme disease and q fever agents in wild rodents in central italy. | the maintenance of tick-borne disease agents in the environment strictly depends on the relationship between tick vectors and their hosts, which act as reservoirs for these pathogens. a pilot study aimed to investigate wild rodents as reservoirs for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum) was carried out in an area of gran sasso e monti della laga national park (abruzzi region, central italy) ... | 2015 | 26134933 |
| an invasive mammal (the gray squirrel, sciurus carolinensis) commonly hosts diverse and atypical genotypes of the zoonotic pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | invasive vertebrate species can act as hosts for endemic pathogens and may alter pathogen community composition and dynamics. for the zoonotic pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of lyme borreliosis, recent work shows invasive rodent species can be of high epidemiological importance and may support host-specific strains. this study examined the role of gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) (n = 679), an invasive species in the united kingdom, as b. burgdorferi sensu lato hosts. w ... | 2015 | 25888168 |
| babesia spp. and other pathogens in ticks recovered from domestic dogs in denmark. | newly recognized endemic foci for human babesiosis include europe, where ixodes ricinus, a vector for several species of babesia, is the most commonly identified tick. vector-based surveillance provides an early warning system for the emergence of human babesiosis, which is likely to be under-reported at emerging sites. in the present study, we set out to screen i. ricinus collected from danish domestic dogs for babesia, in order to identify whether humans in denmark are exposed to the parasite. | 2015 | 25951937 |
| comparison of the lifetime host-to-tick transmission between two strains of the lyme disease pathogen borrelia afzelii. | transmission from the vertebrate host to the arthropod vector is a critical step in the life-cycle of any vector-borne pathogen. how the probability of host-to-vector transmission changes over the duration of the infection is an important predictor of pathogen fitness. the lyme disease pathogen borrelia afzelii is transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks and establishes a chronic infection inside rodent reservoir hosts. the present study compares the temporal pattern of host-to-tick transmission betw ... | 2016 | 27986081 |
| hide and seek: how lyme disease spirochetes overcome complement attack. | overcoming the first line of the innate immune system is a general hallmark of pathogenic microbes to avoid recognition and to enter the human host. in particular, spirochetes belonging to the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex have developed various means to counter the immune response and to successfully survive in diverse host environments for a prolonged period of time. in regard to complement resistance, borrelia utilize a plethora of immune evasion strategies involves capturing of hos ... | 2016 | 27725820 |
| substrate prediction of ixodes ricinus salivary lipocalins differentially expressed during borrelia afzelii infection. | evolution has provided ticks with an arsenal of bioactive saliva molecules that counteract host defense mechanisms. this salivary pharmacopoeia enables blood-feeding while enabling pathogen transmission. high-throughput sequencing of tick salivary glands has thus become a major focus, revealing large expansion within protein encoding gene families. among these are lipocalins, ubiquitous barrel-shaped proteins that sequester small, typically hydrophobic molecules. this study was initiated by mini ... | 2016 | 27584086 |
| comparison of growth of borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto at five different temperatures. | lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a fastidious bacterium that replicates slowly and requires special conditions to grow in the laboratory. borrelia isolation from clinical material is a golden standard for microbiological diagnosis of borrelial infection. important factors that affect in vitro borrelia growth are temperature of incubation and number of borrelia cells in the sample. the aim of the study was to assess the influence of temperature on borr ... | 2016 | 27310556 |
| texas occurrence of lyme disease and its neurological manifestations. | today, lyme disease is the most commonly reported tick-borne disease in the united states and europe. the culprits behind lyme disease are the borrelia species of bacteria. in the usa, borrelia burgdorferi causes the majority of cases, while in europe and asia borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii carry the greatest burden of disease. the clinical manifestations of lyme disease have been identified as early localized, early disseminated, and late chronic. the neurological effects of lyme disease ... | 2016 | 27478852 |
| seroprevalence of vector-borne pathogens and molecular detection of borrelia afzelii in military dogs from portugal. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are increasingly being reported worldwide and represent a serious threat to both animal and public health. military dogs may constitute a risk group for the agents causing these diseases, as they frequently work outdoors in different areas and are thus exposed to vector arthropods. in order to assess the risk of exposure of this type of dogs, a serological and molecular survey was conducted in military working dogs in portugal. one hundred apparently healthy ... | 2016 | 27160284 |
| susceptibility to ticks and lyme disease spirochetes is not affected in mice coinfected with nematodes. | small rodents serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, such as the spirochetes causing lyme disease. whether natural coinfections with other macroparasites alter the success of tick feeding, antitick immunity, and the host's reservoir competence for tick-borne pathogens remains to be determined. in a parasitological survey of wild mice in berlin, germany, approximately 40% of ixodes ricinus-infested animals simultaneously harbored a nematode of the genus heligmosomoides we therefore ai ... | 2016 | 26883594 |
| larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit borrelia afzelii and b. miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts. | lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for b. burgdorferi (s.l). therefore, b. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. larvae of ixodes ricinus are occasionally b. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied. | 2016 | 26896940 |
| a probabilistic model in cross-sectional studies for identifying interactions between two persistent vector-borne pathogens in reservoir populations. | in natural populations, individuals are infected more often by several pathogens than by just one. in such a context, pathogens can interact. this interaction could modify the probability of infection by subsequent pathogens. identifying when pathogen associations correspond to biological interactions is a challenge in cross-sectional studies where the sequence of infection cannot be demonstrated. | 2013 | 23840418 |
| polymorphisms at the innate immune receptor tlr2 are associated with borrelia infection in a wild rodent population. | the discovery of the key role of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in initiating innate immune responses and modulating adaptive immunity has revolutionized our understanding of vertebrate defence against pathogens. yet, despite their central role in pathogen recognition and defence initiation, there is little information on how variation in tlrs influences disease susceptibility in natural populations. here, we assessed the extent of naturally occurring polymorphisms at tlr2 in wild bank voles (myodes ... | 2013 | 23554395 |
| multiple infections of rodents with zoonotic pathogens in austria. | rodents are important reservoirs for a large number of zoonotic pathogens. we examined the occurrence of 11 viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents in rodent populations in austria, including three different hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox virus, leptospira spp., borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and toxoplasma gondii. in 2008, 110 rodents of four species (40 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus flavicollis, 26 apodemus sylvaticus, and ... | 2014 | 24915446 |
| seasonal prevalence of lyme disease spirochetes in a heterothermic mammal, the edible dormouse (glis glis). | in europe, dormice serve as competent reservoir hosts for particular genospecies of the tick-borne agent of lyme disease (ld) and seem to support them more efficiently than do mice or voles. the longevity of edible dormice (glis glis) and their attractiveness for ticks may result in a predominance of ld spirochetes in ticks questing in dormouse habitats. to investigate the role of edible dormice in the transmission cycle of ld spirochetes, we sampled skin tissue from the ear pinnae of dormice in ... | 0 | 24705325 |
| infection dynamics of the tick-borne pathogen "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" and coinfections with borrelia afzelii in bank voles in southern sweden. | the tick-borne bacterium "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" has recently been recognized as a human pathogen. together with borrelia afzelii, it is one of the most common pathogens found in the tick ixodes ricinus. here, we compared the epidemiologies of "ca. neoehrlichia mikurensis" and b. afzelii by longitudinal sampling from may to september in one of their most abundant vertebrate hosts, the bank vole (myodes glareolus), using real-time pcr for detection and quantification. the prevalences ... | 2013 | 24375128 |
| cross-immunity and community structure of a multiple-strain pathogen in the tick vector. | many vector-borne pathogens consist of multiple strains that circulate in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. characterization of the community of pathogen strains in the arthropod vector is therefore important for understanding the epidemiology of mixed vector-borne infections. borrelia afzelii and b. garinii are two species of tick-borne bacteria that cause lyme disease in humans. these two sympatric pathogens use the same tick, ixodes ricinus, but are adapted to different class ... | 2015 | 26319876 |
| inefficient co-feeding transmission of borrelia afzelii in two common european songbirds. | the spirochete bacterium borrelia afzelii is the most common cause of lyme borreliosis in europe. this tick-borne pathogen can establish systemic infections in rodents but not in birds. however, several field studies have recovered larval ixodes ricinus ticks infected with b. afzelii from songbirds suggesting successful transmission of b. afzelii. we reviewed the literature to determine which songbird species were the most frequent carriers of b. afzelii-infected i. ricinus larvae and nymphs. we ... | 2017 | 28054584 |
| complete genome sequence of borrelia afzelii k78 and comparative genome analysis. | the main borrelia species causing lyme borreliosis in europe and asia are borrelia afzelii, b. garinii, b. burgdorferi and b. bavariensis. this is in contrast to the united states, where infections are exclusively caused by b. burgdorferi. until to date the genome sequences of four b. afzelii strains, of which only two include the numerous plasmids, are available. in order to further assess the genetic diversity of b. afzelii, the most common species in europe, responsible for the large variety ... | 2015 | 25798594 |
| melting pot of tick-borne zoonoses: the european hedgehog contributes to the maintenance of various tick-borne diseases in natural cycles urban and suburban areas. | european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are urban dwellers and host both ixodes ricinus and ixodes hexagonus. these ticks transmit several zoonotic pathogens like borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia helvetica, borrelia miyamotoi and "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis". it is unclear to what extent hedgehogs in (sub) urban areas contribute to the presence of infected ticks in these areas, which subsequently pose a risk for acquiring a tick-borne disease. the ... | 2017 | 28270232 |
| transmission differentials for multiple pathogens as inferred from their prevalence in larva, nymph and adult of ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | ixodes ricinus serves as vector for a range of microorganisms capable of causing clinical illness in humans. the microorganisms occur in the same vector populations and are generally affected by the same tick-host interactions. still, the instars have different host preferences which should manifest in different transmission patterns for various microorganisms in the tick populations, i.e., most microorganisms increase in prevalence rate from larvae to nymphs because their reservoirs are among s ... | 2017 | 28255923 |
| emergence of tick-borne pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, ricketsia raoultii and babesia microti) in the kyiv urban parks, ukraine. | to date, only limited data about the presence of ticks and circulation of tick-borne pathogens in urban parks of kyiv in northern ukraine are available. in total, 767 ticks (696 ixodes ricinus and 69 dermacentor reticulatus) collected in seven urban parks and one suburban oak wood park in kyiv were individually analyzed by the pcr assays. tick-borne pathogens, namely spirochetes from borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia microti, were detected in 11.1% o ... | 2017 | 27923669 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and co-infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. in ixodes ricinus in hamburg, germany. | to obtain initial data on borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) in ixodes ricinus (ixodida: ixodidae) ticks in hamburg, germany, 1400 questing ticks were collected by flagging at 10 different public recreation areas in 2011 and analysed using probe-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. the overall rate of infection with b. burgdorferi s.l. was 34.1%; 30.0% of adults were infected (36.7% of females and 26.0% of males), as were 34.5% of nymphs. signifi ... | 2015 | 26096626 |
| are apodemus spp. mice and myodes glareolus reservoirs for borrelia miyamotoi, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, rickettsia helvetica, r. monacensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum? | in europe, in addition to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, other zoonotic pathogens, like b. miyamotoi, a species related to the relapsing fever spirochaetes, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis (n. mikurensis), rickettsia helvetica, rickettsia monacensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported in the ixodid tick ixodes ricinus. no study was conducted to identify reservoir hosts for these pathogens. here, we investigated the role played by wild ro ... | 2014 | 24582511 |
| molecular evidence for bacterial and protozoan pathogens in hard ticks from romania. | the aim of the present study was to provide a preliminary insight into the diversity of tick-borne pathogens circulating at the domestic host-tick interface in romania. for this, feeding and questing ticks were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma platys, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and by pcr and subsequent sequencing for rickettsia spp., babesia spp. and theileria spp. a total of 382 ticks, encompas ... | 2013 | 23428204 |
| multiple tick-associated bacteria in ixodes ricinus from slovakia. | eighty ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the rovinka forest in slovakia were tested by real-time and routine single-step pcr for the presence of different pathogenic and endosymbiotic bacteria. no evidence of coxiella burnetii, diplorickettsia massiliensis, or bartonella spp. was found. however, we identified, as the pathogenic bacteria, anaplasma phagocytophilum in 8%, rickettsia helvetica in 11%, borrelia afzelii in 9%, bo. garinii in 8%, bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto in 5%, bo. valaisiana in ... | 2012 | 23182274 |
| molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in croatia. | croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 myodes glareolus, 131 apodemus flavicollis, 53 apodemus agrarius, three apodemus sylvaticus, six sorex araneus, four microtus arvalis, one microtus agrestis, and one muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in croatia over an 8-year period. multiplex masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of borrelia, rickettsia, bartonella, babesia, ehrlich ... | 2016 | 26711522 |