| cloning and expression analysis of two ror-γ homologues (ror-γa1 and ror-γa2) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this paper describes the cloning and characterisation of two retinoid-related orphan receptor (ror)-γ homologues (ror-γa1 and -γa2) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the coding region predicted for both homologues consists of 1410 base pairs (bp), which translate into two 469 amino acid (aa) proteins. the trout ror-γs revealed a high conservation of both dna- and ligand-binding domains (functional regions of the nuclear receptor family), and shared a high homology to mammalian ror-γt. a ph ... | 2012 | 22634748 |
| immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan from euglena gracilis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immersion vaccinated against yersinia ruckeri. | potential immunostimulatory effects of orally administered β-glucan were investigated in combination with immersion vaccination against enteric redmouth disease caused by yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a linear, unbranched and pure (purity ≥98%) β-1,3-glucan (syn. paramylon) from the alga euglena gracilis was applied at an inclusion level of 1% β-glucan in feed administered at a rate of 1% biomass day(-1) for 84 consecutive days. fish were vaccinated after two weeks of ... | 2012 | 22548789 |
| multilocus sequence typing reveals high genetic diversity and epidemic population structure for the fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri. | yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth in fish and one of the major bacterial pathogens causing losses in salmonid aquaculture. previously typing methods, including restriction enzyme analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) have indicated a clonal population structure. in this work, we describe a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for y.ruckeri based on the internal fragment sequence of six housekeeping genes. this mlst s ... | 2012 | 22463110 |
| in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against fish pathogens. | antibiotic resistance is a global issue that threatens public health. the excessive use of antibiotics contributes to this problem as the genes of antibiotic resistance can be transferred between the bacteria in humans, animals and aquatic organisms. metallic nanoparticles could serve as future substitutes for some conventional antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against major ... | 2017 | 28732514 |
| dissecting the immune pathways stimulated following injection vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against enteric redmouth disease (erm). | enteric redmouth disease (erm or yersiniosis) is one of the most important diseases of salmonids and leads to significant economic losses. it is caused by the gram-negative bacterium yersinia ruckeri but can be controlled by bacterin vaccination. the first commercial erm vaccine was licenced in 1976 and is one of the most significant and successful health practices within the aquaculture industry. although erm vaccination provides complete protection, knowledge of the host immune response to the ... | 2017 | 28757198 |
| peculiarities of thermal denaturation of ompf porin from yersinia ruckeri. | irreversible denaturation of membrane proteins in detergent solutions is similar to unfolding of water-soluble multidomain proteins and represents a complex, multistage process. pore-forming proteins of gram-negative bacteria are heat-modifiable proteins, i.e., proteins altering their molecular forms (trimers or monomers), and accordingly, their electrophoretic mobilities depending upon denaturation conditions. there are still some contradictory data on the peculiarities of the conformational ch ... | 2017 | 28726924 |
| secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination. | teleosts are able to raise a protective immune response, comprising both innate and adaptive elements, against various pathogens. this is the basis for a widespread use of vaccines, administered as injection or immersion, in the aquaculture industry. it has been described that repeated injection vaccination of fish raises a secondary immune response, consisting of rapid, accelerated and increased antibody reaction. this study reports how rainbow trout responds to repeated immersion vaccination a ... | 2017 | 28707702 |
| genotyping and antimicrobial resistance genes of yersinia ruckeri isolates from rainbow trout farms. | in this study, we compared 142 yersinia ruckeri isolates collected between 2013 and 2016 from 6 different regions in turkey. a total of 18 different genogroups were found, though most of the isolates clustered into the same genogroup as serotype o1. as immunization of fish with inactivated y. ruckeri by injection, immersion, or feeding provide minimal protection against y. ruckeri infection in turkey, many fish producers use antimicrobials unrestrictedly, resulting in antimicrobial resistance in ... | 2017 | 28627490 |
| efficacy testing of 35-year-old commercially produced erm bacterin reveals the remarkable stability of this product. | | 2017 | 28548700 |
| interplay between daily rhythmic serum-mediated bacterial killing activity and immune defence factors in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | circadian rhythm is emerging as an important regulator of immune functions. however, there is a paucity of information on the influence of this biological phenomenon in the antimicrobial factors in teleost fish. this study investigated the dynamics and interplay of serum-mediated bacterial killing activity and immune defence factors throughout the light:dark (ld) cycle in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the juvenile fish came from two different emergence time fractions (i.e., late and early ... | 2018 | 29146445 |
| immunological responses and disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles following dietary administration of stinging nettle (urtica dioica). | the present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle (urtica dioica) on growth performance, skin mucus, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with diets supplemented with u. dioica at 0, 1, 2 and 3%. after 8 weeks of feeding, the addition of u. dioica at 3% level resulted in improved weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio significantly when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). hematological r ... | 2017 | 29017944 |
| dietary application of the probiotic lactobacillus plantarum 426951 enhances immune status and growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against yersinia ruckeri. | this study was aimed to assess the effect of oral application of lactobacillus plantarum (2 × 107 cfu g-1 feed) as a probiotic on growth performance and immune status of vaccinated rainbow trout (29.5 ± 2 g) to yersiniosis at 16 ± 2 °c for 72 days. fish were randomly allocated into 12 fiber glass tanks (4100 l) at a density of 80 fish per tank (240 fish per treatment). the results revealed that the activity of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in immunized fish fed with ... | 2017 | 29282608 |
| experimental infection by yersinia ruckeri o1 biotype 2 induces brain lesions and neurological signs in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | pathological manifestations in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental waterborne infection with yersinia ruckeri serotype o1 biotype 2 (strain 07111224) were investigated. rainbow trout were exposed to 8 × 107 cfu/ml of y. ruckeri by bath for 6 hr, and mortality was then monitored for 22 days post-infection (dpi). organs were sampled at 3 dpi and also from moribund fish showing signs of severe systemic infection such as bleeding, exophthalmia or erratic swimming behaviour. y ... | 2017 | 29148587 |
| effect of oral booster vaccination of rainbow trout against yersinia ruckeri depends on type of primary immunization. | vaccination of rainbow trout against enteric redmouth disease (erm) caused by yersinia ruckeri can be successfully performed by administering vaccine (a bacterin consisting of formalin killed bacteria) by immersion, bath or injection. booster immunization is known to increase the protection of fish already primed by one of these vaccination methods. oral vaccination of trout (administering vaccine in feed) is an even more convenient way of presenting antigen to the fish but the effect of an oral ... | 2017 | 29097324 |
| global proteomic profiling of yersinia ruckeri strains. | yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (erm) of salmonids. there is little information regarding the proteomics of y. ruckeri. herein, we perform whole protein identification and quantification of biotype 1 and biotype 2 strains of y. ruckeri grown under standard culture conditions using a shotgun proteomic approach. proteins were extracted, digested and peptides were separated by a nano liquid chromatography system and analyzed with a high-resolution hybrid triple q ... | 2017 | 28931430 |
| trancriptome profiles of amur sturgeon spleen in response to yersinia ruckeri infection. | yersinia ruckeri (yr) is the causative agent of yersiniosis which has caused significant economic losses in fish culture worldwide, including in amur sturgeon (acipenser schrenckii) culture. to better understand the mechanism of the immune responses to yr in amur sturgeon, the transcriptomic profiles of the spleens from yr-infected and non-infected groups were obtained using rna-seq techniques. the de novo assemblies yielded totally 145 670 unigenes from the two libraries. the total numbers of t ... | 2017 | 28916360 |
| the repeat structure of two paralogous genes, yersinia ruckeri invasin (yrinv) and a "y. ruckeri invasin-like molecule", (yrilm) sheds light on the evolution of adhesive capacities of a fish pathogen. | inverse autotransporters comprise the recently identified type ve secretion system and are exemplified by intimin from enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and invasin from enteropathogenic yersiniae. these proteins share a common domain architecture and promote bacterial adhesion to host cells. here, we identified and characterized two putative inverse autotransporter genes in the fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri nvh_3758, namely yrinv (for y. ruckeri invasin) and yrilm (for y. ruckeri invasin-lik ... | 2017 | 28888816 |