| phenological modifications in plants by various edaphic factors. | various mechanical, chemical and physical soil analyses were carried out, in addition to weather observations, for 3 years at several sites along an oceanic-continental gradient in a fjord district in western norway. all the environmental factors observed were correlated with the spring and a few late-season phenophases of many native and cultivated woody plants and some herbs by simple, linear correlations and by stepwise multiple and partial analyses. different techniques were used to try and ... | 2001 | 11769320 |
| evaluation of the antioxidant properties of mediterranean and tropical fruits compared with common food additives. | several mediterranean and tropical fruits have been analyzed in order to assess their antioxidant activity compared with that of common food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole [bha], butylated hydroxytoluene [bht] and propyl gallate). among mediterranean fruits, red grape and plum were more effective (p < 0.05) scavengers of peroxyl radicals than bha, bht, and propyl gallate. of the tropical fruits, banana was the most effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals. mediterranean and tropical fruits s ... | 2001 | 11770635 |
| [epiphytic phase of erwinia amylovora and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on orchard weeds]. | epiphyte phase of phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia amylovora and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on the fruit garden weeds has been studied. it has been shown that healthy weeds of the fruit-tree stands can be an ecologic niche for erwinia amylovora and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae which gives them an opportunity to survive as epiphytes. strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were isolated from seven studied weeds (47-49%) during the whole vegetation period (march-october). strains ... | 2001 | 11785263 |
| presence of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone-immunoreactive (trhir) amacrine cells in the retina of anuran and urodele amphibians. | the presence of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone-immunoreactive (trh-ir) amacrine cells in the retina of amphibians is reported for the first time. the anuran and urodele retinas studied exhibit major differences in the distribution of trh-ir cells. in the two urodele species investigated, most trh-ir amacrine cells were located in the ganglion cell layer (gcl). these pear-shaped cells originate a dense trh-ir dendritic plexus in strata 4-5 of the inner plexiform layer (ipl). a small number of trh- ... | 2002 | 11814410 |
| food consumption and adipose tissue ddt levels in mexican women. | this article analyzes food consumption in relation to levels of dde (the principal metabolite of ddt) in the adipose tissue of 207 mexican women residing in states with high and low exposure to ddt. data on the women's dietary habits and childbearing history were obtained from a personal interview. adipose tissue dde levels were measured by gas-liquid chromatography and compared by analysis of variance (anova) and multiple linear regression. adipose tissue dde levels increased significantly with ... | 2002 | 11923886 |
| natural products used for diabetes. | to review the efficacy and safety of natural products commonly used for diabetes. | 2002 | 11926665 |
| the antioxidant activity of regularly consumed fruit and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin c composition. | recent studies are emphasising the importance and putative modes of action of specific flavonoids as bioactive components of the diet in in vivo and in vitro models. thus, it is important to have a clear idea of the major phenolic families of which fruit and vegetables are comprised and the levels contained therein. regularly consumed fruit and vegetables of mixed varieties available on the uk market were analysed for the composition of the major individual phenolic components. the total phenoli ... | 2002 | 11999391 |
| a conditionally dispensable chromosome controls host-specific pathogenicity in the fungal plant pathogen alternaria alternata. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata contains seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes), which produce host-specific toxins and cause diseases on different plants. previously, the gene cluster involved in host-specific ak-toxin biosynthesis of the japanese pear pathotype was isolated, and four genes, named akt genes, were identified. the akt homologs were also found in the strawberry and tangerine pathotypes, which produce af-toxin and act-toxin, respectively. this result is consistent with ... | 2002 | 12019223 |
| neonatal pneumonia caused by trichomonas vaginalis. | the authors present two cases of newborn babies infected by trichomonas vaginalis (hereafter referred to as t. vaginalis) and suffering from severe congenital breathing difficulties and needing artificial respiration. microscopic examination of the tracheal discharge revealed characteristically moving, flagellated, pear-shaped unicellular organisms. cultures on cplm medium proved the presence of t. vaginalis. during pregnancy the mothers' clinical status was negative and both of them mentioned l ... | 2002 | 12073821 |
| characterization of bacillus strains from apple and pear trees in south africa antagonistic to erwinia amylovora. | in order to find reasons for the absence of fire blight in most countries of the southern hemisphere, bark samples from apple and pear trees in orchards of the western cape region in south africa were extracted for bacteria which could be antagonistic to erwinia amylovora. screening was done in the late growth season and mainly gram-positive bacteria were isolated. approximately half of them produced growth inhibition zones on a lawn of e. amylovora. most isolates were classified as bacillus meg ... | 2002 | 12076820 |
| cultivation of babesia and babesia-like blood parasites: agents of an emerging zoonotic disease. | babesia and its close relatives are members of a group of organisms called piroplasms, a name which comes from their pear-shaped outlines. long associated with blood diseases of cattle and other mammals, members of the genus babesia have been recognized since the 1950s as infectious agents in humans. species of this protozoan blood parasite that have routinely been isolated from mice (b. microti) or cattle (b. divergens) have also been isolated from humans. in addition to these familiar species, ... | 2002 | 12097245 |
| remarkable variability of apple mosaic virus capsid protein gene after nucleotide position 141. | eight new sequences of european isolates from almond, apple, hop, prune and pear of the apple mosaic ilarvirus (apmv) capsid protein gene are presented. a consensus sequence was established as having 654 nucleotides (nt) and two american and two european isolates were identified to have insertions 6 to 15 nucleotides after nt position 141. the insertion resulted in the american isolate a inframeshift repaired with two point insertions 17 and 68 nt downstream. the rna around the insertion point c ... | 2002 | 12111408 |
| the role of horizontal categorization in retroactive and proactive interference. | four paired-associate experiments with a total n of 291 participants investigated the effects of horizontal categorization on retroactive and proactive interference. (exclusively) horizontal categorization means that unique categorical relationships hold across the a-b and a-c stimulus-response pairs of successive word lists (e.g., fruit--pear, river--thames, in list 1; and fruit--plum, river--wolga, in list 2). experiment 1 found no significant amounts of interference with this type of list org ... | 2002 | 12152363 |
| an allergen from olea europaea pollen (ole e 7) is associated with plant-derived food anaphylaxis. | several cross-reacting proteins have been identified as responsible of the co-occurrence of pollinosis and plant-derived food allergy. this association has been mainly described in the birch-apple syndrome but other pollens such as olea europaea and other fruits may also contain homologous proteins. | 2002 | 12173271 |
| a novel multiplex rt-pcr probe capture hybridization (rt-pcr-elisa) for simultaneous detection of six viroids in four genera: apscaviroid, hostuviroid, pelamoviroid, and pospiviroid. | a rapid and sensitive assay was developed for the detection and identification of viroids by standard or multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-probe capture hybridization (rt-pcr-elisa). the assay was applied successfully for the detection and identification of the following six viroid species from infected tissues: potato spindle tuber viroid (pospiviroid), peach latent mosaic viroid (pelamoviroid), apple scar skin viroid (apscaviroid), apple dimple fruit viroid (ap ... | 2002 | 12176148 |
| pear transformed with a lytic peptide gene for disease control affects nontarget organism, pear psylla (homoptera: psyllidae). | the biology and behavior of pear psylla, cacopsylla pyricola foerster, on a transgenic clone of 'bartlett' pear, pyrus communis l., containing a synthetic antimicrobial gene, d5c1, was compared with that of a nontransgenic parental clone to determine whether there were any nontarget effects. the gene construct also contained the marker gene nptii (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase ii) that encodes for antibiotic resistance to identify transformed plants. the purpose of the original transforma ... | 2002 | 12216823 |
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from the seeds of balsam pear (momordica charantia) and the fruit bodies of grifola frondosa. | alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities were found in aqueous methanol extracts of the seeds of momordica charantia and the fruit bodies of grifola frondosa. an active principle against the enzyme prepared from rat small intestine acetone powders was isolated and characterized. the structure of the isolated compound was identified as d-(+)-trehalose by fdms, 1h-, 13c-nmr, and [alpha]d measurements. the inhibitory activity of trehalose was compared with 1-deoxynojirimycin. trehalose showed 45% in ... | 2002 | 12224646 |
| in vitro prenylation of the small gtpase rac13 of cotton. | previous work (d.p. delmer, j. pear, a. andrawis, d. stalker [1995] mol gen genet 248: 43-51) has identified a gene in cotton (gossypium hirsutum), rac13, that encodes a small, signal-transducing gtpase and shows high expression in the fiber at the time of transition from primary to secondary wall synthesis. since rac13 may be important in signal transduction pathway(s), regulating the onset of fiber secondary wall synthesis, we continue to characterize rac13 by determining its ability to underg ... | 1996 | 12226460 |
| lesions in subclinical paratuberculosis of goats are associated with persistent gut-associated lymphoid tissue. | the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue (the peyer's patches [pps] of domestic ruminants) is an important site of lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. to investigate the association between pp morphology and the lesions of paratuberculosis in goats, two experiments were performed. five healthy kids aged 4-5 weeks were examined and the morphology of organized lymphoid tissue in the small intestine was described. morphological similarities were observed between the i ... | 2002 | 12354531 |
| a pistil-specific thaumatin/pr5-like protein gene of japanese pear (pyrus serotina): sequence and promoter activity of the 5' region in transgenic tobacco. | the genomic clone encoding the pistil-specific thaumatin/pr5-like protein (pstl1) was isolated from japanese pear (pyrus serotina). sequence analysis showed that the genomic clone contained the 5'-flanking sequence of 2.4 kb, the 3'-flanking sequence of 648 bp and the coding region interrupted by a intron of 351 bp. a sequence motif conserved in some pistil self-incompatibility gene promoters of solanaceous and brassicaceous species was located in the 5'-flanking region of the pstl1 gene. the 2. ... | 2002 | 12369614 |
| distribution of conjugated and free phenols in fruits: antioxidant activity and cultivar variations. | total and free phenolic contents of 16 commonly consumed fruits (comprising 9 apples, 4 pears, and one each of peach, plum, and kiwi fruit cultivars) were measured by folin-ciocalteu assay. total phenol contents varied from 272 to 475 mg of cte/100 g of fresh weight. of the apple cultivars studied, braeburn and empire had the highest and lowest total phenol content, respectively. the apple cultivars ranked in the following decreasing order: braeburn > red delicious > crisp pink > granny smith > ... | 2002 | 12381107 |
| characterization of serracin p, a phage-tail-like bacteriocin, and its activity against erwinia amylovora, the fire blight pathogen. | serratia plymithicum j7 culture supernatant displayed activity against many pathogenic strains of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the most serious bacterial disease of apple and pear trees, fire blight, and against klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas fluorescens. this activity increased significantly upon induction with mitomycin c. a phage-tail-like bacteriocin, named serracin p, was purified from an induced culture supernatant of s. plymith ... | 2002 | 12406768 |
| antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. | consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. phytochemicals, especially phenolics, in fruits and vegetables are suggested to be the major bioactive compounds for the health benefits. however, the phenolic contents and their antioxidant activities in fruits and vegetables were underestimated in the literature, because bound phenolics were not included. this study was designed to investigate the profiles o ... | 2002 | 12452674 |
| characterization of erwinia amylovora strains using random amplified polymorphic dna fragments (rapds). | the genetic diversity among 16 strains of erwinia amylovora, chosen to represent different host plant origins and geographical regions, was investigated by rapd analysis. one strain of erwinia herbicola and one of agrobacterium vitis were used as outgroups. ninety-eight different rapd fragments were produced by polymerase chain reaction amplification with six different 10-mer primers. rapd banding profiles were found that enabled the erw. amylovora strains to be distinguished from one another. c ... | 1997 | 12455904 |
| benzoquinone, the substance essential for antibacterial activity in aqueous extracts from succulent young shoots of the pear pyrus spp. | aqueous extracts of the tissue of succulent young shoots of the pear pyrus spp. exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the bacterium erwinia amylovora bv. 4. this activity was investigated quantitatively by a newly developed bioassay method. it was found that the activity changed with the age of the tissue. extracts of the youngest leaves and stems from the shoot tops showed the strongest activity, and the activity decreased with age of the leaves and stems. the activity also changed wi ... | 2003 | 12475625 |
| genetics of biosynthesis and structure of the capsular exopolysaccharide from the asian pear pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae. | erwinia pyrifoliae is a novel bacterial pathogen, which causes asian pear blight and is related to erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. e. pyrifoliae produces exopolysaccharide (eps) related to amylovoran in its sugar composition and sugar linkages. this was shown by degradation of the eps with a viral depolymerase, and by methylation analysis and esi/ms. the structure of the repeating units was confirmed by (1)h-nmr spectra. the eps of e. pyrifoliae carried side chains, which ... | 2002 | 12480905 |
| effect of prickly pear (opuntia robusta) on glucose- and lipid-metabolism in non-diabetics with hyperlipidemia--a pilot study. | besides others pectin, a soluble fibre, has been reported to be effective in lowering cholesterol levels in both animals and man with hyperlipidemia as well as being able to slow carbohydrate absorption and hence reduce the postprandial rise in blood glucose and serum insulin in patients with type-ii diabetes. aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of prickly pear consumption on glucose- and lipid metabolism. | 2002 | 12503475 |
| molecular characterization of natural erwinia pyrifoliae strains deficient in hypersensitive response. | from necrotic tissue of a nashi pear tree, 24 erwinia pyrifoliae strains, found to be identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, were isolated. thirteen strains were not virulent on immature pears and did not induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco leaves. the defective gene hrpl was complemented with intact genes from e. pyrifoliae and erwinia amylovora. | 2003 | 12514060 |
| [favourable effect of a standard elimination diet on the behavior of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd): a pilot study]. | to determine whether a standard elimination diet can decrease the adhd-symptoms in a heterogeneous group of young children with adhd. | 2002 | 12532668 |
| [effect of nos positive neurons in rats with learning-remembering barrier]. | to study the variation of nitric oxide synthase (nos) neurons in rats with learning-remembering barrier by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. the number of nos neurons decreased apparently in hippocampus ca1-4 of rats with learning-remembering barrier, there were lots of new nos neurons in dentate gyrus granular cell grays and pear-shaped zone's cortex. it is suggested that nos neurons of hippocampus exert very important action in rat's learning remembering; new nos neurons in pear-shaped ... | 2001 | 12536726 |
| the cytoskeleton of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia is a ubiquitous intestinal pathogen of mammals. evolutionary studies have also defined it as a member of one of the earliest diverging eukaryotic lineages that we are able to cultivate and study in the laboratory. despite early recognition of its striking structure resembling a half pear endowed with eight flagella and a unique ventral disk, a molecular understanding of the cytoskeleton of giardia has been slow to emerge. perhaps most importantly, although the association of giar ... | 2003 | 12547343 |
| comparative analysis of chloroplast dna in pyrus species: physical map and gene localization. | a physical map of chloroplast dna (cpdna) of pear [pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis (nakai et kikuchi) rehder] was constructed using five restriction enzymes, sali, xhoi, bamhi, saci and psti. this information will make it possible to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between pyrus species. pear cpdna was found to be a circular molecule with a total size of about 156 kb in which two inverted repeats of 24.8 kb divide the molecule into small (17 kb) and large (90 kb) single-copy regions ... | 2003 | 12582856 |
| involvement of three pathogenicity factors of erwinia amylovora in the oxidative stress associated with compatible interaction in pear. | erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of maloideae, induces in its susceptible host plants an oxidative burst as does an incompatible pathogen. in this paper we present evidence that the elicitation of this phenomenon is the result of the combined action of two hrp effectors of the bacteria, hrpn and dspa. we also confirmed that desferrioxamine, the siderophore of e. amylovora, is necessary for the bacteria to tolerate high levels of hydrogen peroxide. two other pathogenicity factor ... | 2003 | 12606057 |
| activation of three pathogen-inducible promoters of tobacco in transgenic pear (pyrus communis l.) after abiotic and biotic elicitation. | in order to improve pear resistance against fire blight caused by erwinia amylovora, a search for promoters driving high-level expression of transgenes specifically in response to this bacterial pathogen has been undertaken. we have examined the ability of hsr203j, str246c and sgd24 tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) promoters to drive expression of the uida reporter gene in pear. transgenic pear clones were obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. beta-glucuronidase activity w ... | 2003 | 12624768 |
| instability of short-sequence dna repeats of pear pathogenic erwinia strains from japan and erwinia amylovora fruit tree and raspberry strains. | an array of short-sequence dna repeats (ssrs) occurs in the plasmid pea29 of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. a large number of "fruit tree" strains, mainly from central and western europe, were screened for their ssr numbers, and the analyses were extended to five raspberry strains from north america and six pear pathogenic erwinia strains from japan. the repeat attacaga present in all e. amylovorastrains was found to be reiterated 3 to 15 times. the japanese strains contained the ma ... | 2003 | 12655400 |
| bacteriophages of erwinia amylovora. | fifty bacteriophage isolates of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, were collected from sites in and around the niagara region of southern ontario and the royal botanical gardens, hamilton, ontario. forty-two phages survived the isolation, purification, and storage processes. the majority of the phages in the collection were isolated from the soil surrounding trees exhibiting fire blight symptoms. only five phages were isolated from infected aerial tissue in pear and apple orchar ... | 2003 | 12676693 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of sorbitol transporters from developing sour cherry fruit and leaf sink tissues. | the acyclic polyol sorbitol is a primary photosynthetic product and the principal photosynthetic transport substance in many economically important members of the family rosaceace (e.g. almond [prunus dulcis (p. mill.) d.a. webber], apple [malus pumila p. mill.], cherry [prunus spp.], peach [prunus persica l. batsch], and pear [pyrus communis]). to understand key steps in long-distance transport and particularly partitioning and accumulation of sorbitol in sink tissues, we have cloned two sorbit ... | 2003 | 12692316 |
| non-conventional methods for the control of post-harvest pear diseases. | pears are highly perishable products, especially during the post-harvest phase, when considerable losses can occur. among the fungal diseases, blue mold caused by penicillium expansum, grey mould caused by botrytis cinerea, mucor rot caused by mucor piriformis are common on pear fruits. other (weak) pathogens like phialophora malorum, alternaria spp., and cladosporium herbarum tend to infect wounds and senescent fruits. a post-harvest fungicide treatment can reduce decay but effectiveness decrea ... | 2003 | 12694440 |
| determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. | a rapid and simple extraction method for the simultaneous analysis of five neonicotinoid insecticides has been developed. twelve different fruit and vegetable matrixes were extracted with methanol and cleaned up using a graphitized carbon solid phase extraction cartridge loading with a 20% methanol solution. the concentrated eluate after methanol elution was then analyzed for pesticide residues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the apci positive mode. the five pesticides including ni ... | 2003 | 12696927 |
| bacteriocin serratine-p as a biological tool in the control of fire blight erwinia amylovora. | fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora (burill winslow et al.), is the most important bacterial disease in european pear growing. it can cause a lot of damage in some countries on apple and on pear trees in orchards and also in the fruit tree nurseries. in belgium, the disease is present since 1972. control of fire blight in belgian fruit orchards is made on a broad basis of measurements in and around the fruit trees. the use of an antibiotic is allowed for application only durin ... | 2002 | 12701444 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb in environmental and biological samples. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for fenoxycarb was adapted for quantitative detection of this insect growth regulator in various environmental, agricultural, food and biological matrices. environmental samples were taken from soil and surface waters in hungary. the elisa enabled fenoxycarb detection in surface waters in the 1.1-125 ng ml(-1) concentration range without sample cleanup. in contrast, soil produced a strong matrix effect due to humic acids and other soil comp ... | 2003 | 12701701 |
| the neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig--nissi and golgi study. | the studies were carried out on the brains of adult pigs. the preparations were made by means of the golgi technique as well as the nissl and klüver-barrera methods. four types of neurons were described in the medial geniculate body (mgb) of the pig: 1. multipolar neurons (perikarya 30-45 microm) with rounded, oval or quadrangular perikarya from which arise 4-7 dendritic trunks. the dendrites divide dichotomically twice, may send out collaterals and give off ramifications. the dendritic branches ... | 2002 | 12725496 |
| determination of antioxidant properties of aromatic herbs, olives and fresh fruit using an enzymatic sensor. | the aim was to experimentally evaluate the antioxidant capacity of different fresh aromatic herbs (field balm, marjoram, parsley, rosemary, sage, sweet basil), several varieties of olives from central italy ('carboncello', 'rosciolo', 'olivastro', 'coratello', 'leccino', 'frantoio') and several types of fresh fruit (apple, apricot, banana, cherry, fig, grape, medlar, melon, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, water melon, yellow plum) using a superoxide dismutase (sod) biosensor developed by the prese ... | 2003 | 12733012 |
| ntp toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of benzyl acetate (cas no. 140-11-4) in f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice (gavage studies). | benzyl acetate, a water-white liquid with a pear-like odor, is a natural constituent of several essential oils and flower absolutes extracted from jasmine, hyacinth, gardenia, tuberose, ylang-ylang, cananga, and neroli. commercial benzyl acetate, a liquid prepared synthetically from benzyl chloride, acetic acid, and triethylamine is used primarily as a component of perfumes for soaps and as a flavoring ingredient. this compound is practically insoluble in water but is miscible in alcohol and eth ... | 1986 | 12748678 |
| climatic factors governing plant phenological phases along a norwegian fjord. | in the present project, the time of leaf budding and flowering, and partly also of fruit ripening, was studied over 3 years in different cultivated and native plants on a gradient along a western norwegian fjord about 300 km long, from oceanic to relatively continental regions. in the plants investigated, flowering of the red currant was most strongly favoured by oceanic conditions in the outermost part of the fjord. on the other hand, flowering of the apple was earliest in the middle district, ... | 2003 | 12750970 |
| the neuronal structure of the red nucleus in newborn guinea pigs. | the preparations, stained according to the nissl and klüver-barrera methods, were used to describe the topography and morphology of the red nucleus (rn) as well as the structure of the rubral perikarya in newborn (p0) guinea pigs. the golgi impregnated preparations were used to distinguish types of neurons. rn is a uniform cell group and has the length from 740 to 860 microm. the nissl stained perikarya were classified into three categories: big, medium-sized and small (a, b, c, respectively). t ... | 2003 | 12769171 |
| identification of odors from overripe mango that attract vinegar flies, drosophila melanogaster. | bioassays with a variety of overripe fruits, including mango, plum, pear, and grape, and their extracts showed that odors from overripe mango were most attractive to adult vinegar flies, drosophila melanogaster. combined gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) analyses of solid-phase microextraction (spme) and tenax extracts of overripe mango odors showed that several volatile compounds, including ethanol, acetic acid, amyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, and phenylethyl acetate el ... | 2003 | 12775150 |
| structure of the cryptosporidium parvum microneme: a metabolically and osmotically labile apicomplexan organelle. | from an em study of thin sections, the rod-like microneme organelles within conventionally glutaraldehyde fixed cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites have been shown to undergo a shape change to a more spherical structure when the sporozoites age in vitro for a period of approximately 12 to 24 h. this correlates with the shape change of intact sporozoites, from motile hence viable thin banana-shaped cells to swollen pear-shaped cells, shown by differential interference contrast light microscopy of ... | 2003 | 12801539 |
| characterization of the first korean isolate of a chlamydia pneumoniae strain. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections and is difficult to isolate from clinical specimens. recently, we succeeded in isolating the first c. pneumoniae strain in korea. this study characterizes the morphology, infectivity, and drug sensitivity of the korean strain, designated lkk-1. electron microscopy was performed for thin sections, and the infectivity over time was tested by counting the inclusion-forming units every 12 h. the minimu ... | 2003 | 12824688 |
| the erwinia chrysanthemi phop-phoq operon plays an important role in growth at low ph, virulence and bacterial survival in plant tissue. | we have studied the role of acidic ph as a barrier for the colonization of the plant apoplast by erwinia chrysanthemi. a minitransposon containing a promoterless reporter gene, gus, was used for random mutagenesis of the bacterial genome. an acid-sensitive mutant, named bt119, was isolated and had the following differential features with respect to the wild-type strain: (i) inability to grow at ph </= 5.5; (ii) decreased survival at acid ph and in plant tissues; (iii) increased susceptibility to ... | 2003 | 12828634 |
| structure-function relationships affecting the insecticidal and miticidal activity of sugar esters. | synthetic sugar esters are a relatively new class of insecticidal compounds that are produced by reacting sugars with fatty acids. the objective of this research was to determine how systematic alterations in sugar or fatty acid components of sugar ester compounds influenced their insecticidal properties. sucrose octanoate, sorbitol octanoate, sorbitol decanoate, sorbitol caproate, xylitol octanoate, xylitol decanoate and xylitol dodecanoate were synthesized and evaluated against a range of arth ... | 2003 | 12852599 |
| chemical characterization and biological effects of sicilian opuntia ficus indica (l.) mill. fruit juice: antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activity. | the juice of whole fruits of sicilian cultivars of prickly pear (opuntia ficus indica (l.) mill.) was investigated, and the contents of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, and flavonoids were determined. in the juice, ferulic acid was the chief derivative of hydroxycinnamic acid and the mean concentration of total phenolic compounds was 746 microg/ml. the flavonoid fraction, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, consisted of rutin and isorhamnetin derivatives. t ... | 2003 | 12903943 |
| apple and pear peel and pulp and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. | the aim of this study was to assess the bioactive compounds of apple and pear peel and pulp in vitro and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in vivo. the antioxidant potentials measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), beta-carotene bleaching (beta-carotene), and nitric oxide inhibition radical scavenging (no) tests in apple peel and pulp were significantly higher than in pear peel and pulp, respectively. the ethanol extract of apple peels showed the strongest inh ... | 2003 | 12952433 |
| [inner hair cells isolation and morphological observation]. | to set up an effective technique for isolating the single inner hair cells (ihcs) and observe morphological features to distinguish ihcs from other hair cells (ohcs) in vitro. | 2002 | 12966811 |
| the significance of poly-phenolic metabolites of apple and pear in the host relations of venturia inaequalis and venturia pirina. | | 1957 | 13481331 |
| gorham disease of the cervical spine-a case report and review of the literature. | study design a case report and literature review of gorham disease involving the cervical spine. | 2003 | 14501935 |
| light and electron microscopic studies of myxobolus stomum n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting the blackspotted grunt plectorhynicus gaterinus (forsskal, 1775) in the red sea, egypt. | a new myxosporean parasite, myxobolus stomum n. sp., is described from the oral cavity and lips of the blackspotted grunt plectorhynicus gaterinus (forsskal, 1775) in the red sea, egypt. the parasite was observed as tiny aggregates of whitish cysts hardly noticed within the muscles of the oral cavity, especially within the lips. the spores were subspherical and measured 8.5x6.5 microm. polar capsules were equal, pear-shaped, occupied about half of the spore length and measured 4.4x2.4 microm. hi ... | 2003 | 14505043 |
| the influence of antibiotic production and pre-emptive colonization on the population dynamics of pantoea agglomerans (erwinia herbicola) eh1087 and erwinia amylovora in planta. | stigma colonization by erwinia amylovora is the crucial first step in the development of most fire blight infections in apple and pear trees. suppression at this point of the disease process by antagonists of e. amylovora, such as pantoea agglomerans (erwinia herbicola) strain eh1087, is a rational approach to control fire blight. we tested the hypothesis that the ability of e. amylovora to compete with eh1087 for colonization of a stigma is reduced by the potential for eh1087 to produce the phe ... | 2003 | 14510856 |
| chemical and biochemical changes in prickly pears with different ripening behaviour. | chemical and biochemical changes were studied in ripening prickly pears from three opuntia morphospecies with different ripening behaviour: naranjona (o. ficus-indica), blanca cristalina (opuntia sp.), and charola (o. streptacantha), of early, intermediate, and late ripening, respectively. at fullyripe stage (commercial maturity), blanca cristalina showed the biggest fruits, the hardest texture, and its pulp had the highest protein content. there were no significant differences among morphospeci ... | 2003 | 14609090 |
| urine mutagenicity and lymphocyte dna damage in fruit growers occupationally exposed to the fungicide captan. | to determine haematological parameters, urine mutagenicity (on three salmonella typhimurium strains), and dna damage (using the comet assay) in mononuclear leucocytes of farmers before and after a one-day spraying period of pear and apple trees with the fungicide captan in usual conditions. | 2003 | 14634181 |
| morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the chicken small intestine of the late-term embryo. | the rapid development of the gastrointestinal tract posthatch has been described; however, little information exists concerning the development of the small intestine in the prehatch period. the present study examined the morphological, cellular, and molecular changes occurring in the small intestine toward the end of the incubation period by examining the expression of intestinal genes that code for brush border digestive enzymes and transporters, their biochemical activities, and the morpholog ... | 2003 | 14653469 |
| sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in non-occupationally exposed koreans. | urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-ohp), an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), was used to identify potential sources of pah exposure for 660 koreans who were not occupationally exposed to pahs (65% male; 35% female; mean age, 36.5 +/- 11.1 years). in this study, 74% of subjects had detectable levels of urinary 1-ohp, with a concentration range of 0.001-3.796 microg/l (median, 0.079 microg/l). a backward elimination was conducted: five variables were selected with a signific ... | 2003 | 14673870 |
| description of paeon asymboli n. sp. (copepoda: sphyriidae), parasitic on asymbolus spp. (catsharks) and a new host record for p. australis kabata, 1993. | paeon asymboli n. sp. (copepoda: sphyriidae) is described and illustrated from two female specimens taken from the gills of a grey spotted catshark asymbolus analis (ogilby) and an orange spotted catshark a. rubiginosus (last, gomon & gledhill) (scyliorhinidae) from off southeastern queensland, australia. the key features for identification are: a pear-shaped trunk, longer than it is wide, along with a cephalothorax characterised by two large ventral papillae, projecting laterally and supporting ... | 2003 | 14707509 |
| induction of antimicrobial 3-deoxyflavonoids in pome fruit trees controls fire blight. | fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease in pome fruits, causes severe economic losses worldwide. hitherto, an effective control could only be achieved by using antibiotics, but this implies potential risks for human health, livestock and environment. a new approach allows transient inhibition of a step in the flavonoid pathway, thereby inducing the formation of a novel antimicrobial 3-deoxyflavonoid controlling fire blight in apple and pear leaves. this compound is closely related to natura ... | 2003 | 14713146 |
| a myosin inhibitor impairs auxin-induced cell division. | the role of myosins for auxin-induced cell division was probed using the inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime in the tobacco cell line vbi-0, where cell elongation and division are axially aligned under the control of auxin. a morphometric analysis revealed that cell division is blocked in a dose-dependent manner, whereas cell expansion continued. in addition, the polarity of terminal cells was impaired resulting in malformed, pear-shaped cells. early effects of the inhibitor are aberrant features ... | 2003 | 14714208 |
| the phytoalexin-inducible multidrug efflux pump acrab contributes to virulence in the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora. | the enterobacterium erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on members of the family rosaceae, with economic importance on apple and pear. during pathogenesis, the bacterium is exposed to a variety of plant-borne antimicrobial compounds. in plants of rosaceae, many constitutively synthesized isoflavonoids affecting microorganisms were identified. bacterial multidrug efflux transporters which mediate resistance toward structurally unrelated compounds might confer tolerance to these phytoalexins. to ... | 2004 | 14714867 |
| isolation and characterisation of resistant-to-fermentation carbohydrate polymers from cultures of rhizopus nigricans grown on agrofood waste materials. | rhizopus nigricans was cultivated in a liquid medium using lemon, mandarin, orange, pear and melon peel or artichoke bracts as the carbon source. in all cultures, a carbohydrate polymer fraction remained resistant to fermentation. these fractions were isolated in gram amounts and characterised. the molecular weight distribution of the fractions and its sugar composition resembles those of the hairy-regions of the pectins. in the fractions, four main carbohydrates were found: 4-7 mol% rha, 42-59 ... | 2003 | 14719820 |
| genetic characterization of erwinia amylovora strains by amplified fragment length polymorphism. | erwinia amylovora is one of the most important pathogens of pear and apple and is subject to strict quarantine regulations worldwide, although its patterns of dispersal are largely unknown. previous attempts to fingerprint e. amylovora strains by molecular techniques have detected very little polymorphism because of the high genetic homogeneity of this bacterium. our aim was to establish and test a typing method to quantify genetic diversity among strains of this plant pathogen. | 2004 | 14723691 |
| some coccidial parasites of the lizard amphisbaena alba (reptilia: amphisbaenia: amphisbaenidae). | five parasites are described in the lizard amphisbaena alba (amphisbaenidae) from the state of par , north brazil. mature oocysts of choleoeimeria amphisbaenae n. sp., are passed already mature in the faeces. they are ellipsoidal-cylindrical, average 33.7 x 22.8 m and are devoid of micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar body. the colourless wall is smooth and of 2 layers. the 4 dizoic sporocysts have no stieda body and average 13 x 9.3 m. endogenous stages develop in the epithelial cells of the g ... | 2004 | 14762520 |
| the effect of different atmospheric ozone partial pressures on photosynthesis and growth of nine fruit and nut tree species. | nursery stock of peach (prunus persica l. batsch, cv. o'henry), nectarine (p. persica l. batsch, cv. fantasia), plum (p. salicina lindel., cv. casselman), apricot (p. armeniaca l., cv. tilton), almond (p. dulcis mill., cv. nonpareil), prune (p. domestica l., cv. improved french), cherry (p. avium l., cv. bing), oriental pear (pyrus pyrifolia rehd., cv. 20th century), and apple (malus pumula mill., cv. granny smith) were planted in open-top chambers on april 1, 1988 at the university of californi ... | 1991 | 14972900 |
| management of fire blight: a case study in microbial ecology. | suppression of the blossom-blight phase of fire blight is a key point in the management of this destructive and increasingly important disease of apple and pear. for blossom infection to occur, the causal bacterium, erwinia amylovora, needs to increase its population size through an epiphytic phase that occurs on stigmatic surfaces. knowledge of the ecology of the pathogen on stigmas has been key to the development of predictive models for infection and optimal timing of antibiotic sprays. other ... | 1998 | 15012499 |
| disappearing calvarium in gorham disease: mr imaging characteristics with pathologic correlation. | gorham disease is a rare condition characterized by intraosseous neoplastic proliferation of hemangiomatous tissue with progressive, massive osteolysis. we present a pathologically proved case of gorham disease that involved the left parietal bone in a 23-year-old man. imaging studies including conventional radiography of the skull, ct, mr imaging, and technetium-99 m (tc-99 m) scintigraphy demonstrated a large skull defect without associated soft tissue mass over the left parietal skull. contra ... | 2004 | 15037464 |
| molecular differentiation of erwinia amylovora strains from north america and of two asian pear pathogens by analyses of pfge patterns and hrpn genes. | in order to determine a possible genomic divergence of erwinia amylovora'fruit tree' and raspberry strains from north america, several isolates were differentiated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis, the size of short dna sequence repeats (ssrs) and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of their hrpn genes. by pfge analysis european strains are highly related, whereas strains from north america were diverse and were further distinguished by the ssr numbers from plasmid ... | 2004 | 15049921 |
| dissection of the host range of the fungal plant pathogen alternaria alternata by modification of secondary metabolism. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata contains seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes), which produce different host-specific toxins and cause diseases on different plants. the strawberry pathotype produces host-specific af-toxin and causes alternaria black spot of strawberry. this pathotype is also pathogenic to japanese pear cultivars susceptible to the japanese pear pathotype that produces ak-toxin. the strawberry pathotype produces two related molecular species, af-toxins i and ii: toxi ... | 2004 | 15066029 |
| polygalacturonase and ethanol production in kluyveromyces marxianus: potential use of polygalacturonase in foodstuffs. | the coproduction of ethanol and polygalacturonase (pg) in a pilot-scale batch fermentor using yeast extract--glucose (yd)--and sugar beet molasses (sbm)-based media was implemented utilizing a new high-pg-producing strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. a certain growth inhibition was observed in sbm medium, causing ethanol and pg production to be lower. ethanol productivity and accumulation values of 1.94 g/(l x h) and 40 g/l, respectively, were attained in yd, whereas the best fermentation efficie ... | 2004 | 15126703 |
| [effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (momordica charantia) yield and quality, and polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves]. | field trial and physiological determination on the effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (momordica charantia) yield and quality and on polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves showed that application of znso4.7h2o and na2b4o7.10h2o on zn and b deficient soils could increase balsam pear yield and its contents of protein, vc and 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, but decrease the no3(-)-n content. the reason was that zn ... | 2004 | 15139192 |
| ethical issues in the neonatal intensive care unit. | the case of baby y presented a difficult and complex ethical dilemma for the family and the staff involved. the issues of religious beliefs and law, up-holding these beliefs in the center of a religious community, financial concerns, and health care workers disagreeing about carrying out treatments made this case one that few will forget. when asked after baby y died how they felt, many members of the staff answered that it should not have gone on as long as it did and that they learned a lot fr ... | 2004 | 15145372 |
| shape changes in caprine erythrocytes exposed to chlorpromazine and lysolecithin. | stomatocytic and echinocytic transformations of caprine erythrocytes were studied in vitro using chlorpromazine as a stomatocyyic agent and lysolecithin as an echinocytic agent. morphologic changes in erythrocytes generally varied with the cell shape and the concentration of the substances used. discoytic, triangular, and pear-shaped red cells common to normal goats, exhibited classical stomatocytic and echinocytic changes with formation of spherostomatocytes, sphero-echinocytes, and spherocytes ... | 1989 | 15156515 |
| self-reported food hypersensitivity in sweden, denmark, estonia, lithuania, and russia. | the main aim of the study was to describe the differences between some northern countries regarding what foods, according to the patients, elicit hypersensitivity symptoms. | 2004 | 15160445 |
| effect of the epicuticular waxes of fruits and vegetables on the photodegradation of rotenone. | the effect of epicuticular waxes extracted from fruits (apple, nectarine, pear, and plum) and vegetables (tomato and eggplant) on the photodegradation of rotenone was studied. the waxes affected the decay rate and the degradation pathway of this botanical insecticide. tomato, nectarine, and plum waxes decreased the photodegradation rate compared to controls, whereas apple and pear waxes increased it. rotenone irradiated under sunlight without waxes gave seven photoproducts; in contrast, in the p ... | 2004 | 15161214 |
| sodium bicarbonate enhances biocontrol efficacy of yeasts on fungal spoilage of pears. | the addition of 2% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate (sbc) in the suspensions of antagonistic yeast cryptococcus laurentii or trichosporon pullulans significantly limited spore germination and germ tube elongation of penicillium expansum and alternaria alternata in potato dextrose broth (pdb) medium. biocontrol activity of c. laurentii or t. pullulans against postharvest decay caused by p. expansum and a. alternata in pear fruits was significantly increased when c. laurentii or t. pullulans combined with ... | 2004 | 15163586 |
| modulation of intracellular calcium concentrations and t cell activation by prickly pear polyphenols. | opuntia ficus indica (prickly pear) polyphenolic compounds (ofpc) triggered an increase in [ca2+]i in human jurkat t-cell lines. furthermore, ofpc-induced rise in [ca2+]i was significantly curtailed in calcium-free buffer (0% ca2+) as compared to that in 100% ca2+ medium. preincubation of cells with tyrphostin a9, an inhibitor of ca2+ release-activated ca2+ (crac) channels, significantly diminished the ofpc-induced sustained response on the increases in [ca2+]i. lanthanum and nifedipine, the res ... | 2004 | 15228091 |
| asian pear pectin administration during presensitization inhibits allergic response to ovalbumin in balb/c mice. | a type of respiratory disorder resembling some aspects of human allergic asthma can be induced in mice using ovalbumin. the factors that influence the etiology of asthma are poorly understood even though cytokines are known to play a pivotal role. the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether an administration of asian pear pectin during presensitization could suppress allergic response to ovalbumin in balb/c mice. | 2004 | 15253858 |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', 'candidatus phytoplasma pyri' and 'candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', the causal agents of apple proliferation, pear decline and european stone fruit yellows, respectively. | apple proliferation (ap), pear decline (pd) and european stone fruit yellows (esfy) are among the most economically important plant diseases that are caused by phytoplasmas. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 16s rdna sequences of strains of each of these pathogens were identical or nearly identical. differences between the three phytoplasmas ranged from 1.0 to 1.5% of nucleotide positions and were thus below the recommended threshold of 2.5% for assigning species rank to phytoplasmas under ... | 2004 | 15280295 |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. | the trivial name 'phytoplasma' has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro, phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class mollicutes. it is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus 'candidatus (ca.) phyt ... | 2004 | 15280299 |
| algr functions in algc expression and virulence in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain ff5 is a phytopathogen associated with a rapid dieback on ornamental pear trees. p. syringae and the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa produce the exopolysaccharide alginate, a copolymer of mannuronic and guluronic acid. in p. aeruginosa, the response regulator algr (algr1) is required for transcription of algc and algd, which encode key enzymes in the alginate biosynthetic pathway. in p. syringae ff5, however, algr is not required for the activation ... | 2004 | 15289569 |
| development of a one tube-one step rt-pcr protocol for the detection of seven viroids in four genera: apscaviroid, hostuviroid, pelamoviroid and pospiviroid. | a one tube-one step rt-pcr was developed for the detection of seven viroids (apple scar skin viroid, apple dimple fruit viroid, pear blister canker viroid, hop stunt viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid, citrus exocortis viroid and peach latent mosaic viroid) in four genera that infect eight plant species. the efficiency and specificity of this method were optimized by the use of moloney-murine leukemia virus (m-mlv) reverse-transcriptase and hotstartaq dna polymerase which allowed increase sensit ... | 2004 | 15350729 |
| determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using gc-o, gc-ms, and sensory evaluation. | this aim of this work was to identify the odorant compounds responsible for the typical sensory descriptors attributed to freshly distilled cognac spirits, not matured in barrels. panelists were first selected and trained for gas chromatography-olfactometry. among the 150 volatile compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, only 34 are mainly responsible for the odors detected in the spirits. the "butter" descriptor is explained by the presence of diacetyl, the "hay" d ... | 2004 | 15373408 |
| expression of viral eps-depolymerase reduces fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear. | erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight of maloideae. one of the main pathogenicity factors of this bacterium is the exopolysaccharide (eps) of its capsule. in this paper, we used genetic transformation tools to constitutively express an eps-depolymerase transgene in the pear (pyrus communis l.) cv. passe crassane with the aim of decreasing its high susceptibility to fire blight. expression of the depolymerase gene in 15 independent transgenic clones led, on average, to low depolyme ... | 2005 | 15375629 |
| identification of caveolae and their signature proteins caveolin 1 and 2 in the lens. | this study shows that caveolae are present in lens epithelia of rabbit and guinea pig under normal conditions. caveolae are unique lipid membrane microdomains observed in many cell types. they are believed to play crucial roles in a variety of basic physiological functions including signal transduction, lipid and transcellular transport. using tem, immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting we show for the first time the existence of caveolae and the co-localization of their signature marker integra ... | 2004 | 15381033 |
| effects of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and pycnidial production of potebniamyces pyri. | potebniamyces pyri (anamorph phacidiopycnis piri) is the causal agent of phacidiopycnis rot of apples and pears. the disease has recently been recognized in pears in the usa. little information on the basic biology of the fungus is available. in this paper, we report the effects of culture media, temperature, water potential and ph on mycelial growth, and the effects of media and light on pycnidia production. prune juice agar was the best for rapid mycelial growth. pear juice agar, apple juice a ... | 2004 | 15449598 |
| response of organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen to long-term grazing of the shortgrass steppe. | we investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern colorado. grazing treatments included continuous season-long (may-october) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. the heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass pr ... | 2004 | 15453402 |
| cytoarchitecture of the normal rat olfactory epithelium: light and scanning electron microscopic studies. | the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of the normal rat olfactory epithelium was examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem) of koh digested tissues as well as by light and transmission electron microscopy of plastic sections. observations specimens from the lateral side of the olfactory epithelium allowed identification of four cell types by their surface structure: olfactory neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, and duct cells of the bowman's gland. the olfactory neurons were characteriz ... | 2004 | 15468955 |
| the spinal trigeminal nucleus--considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis. | the caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). the aims of the present study are: 1) to determine the morphology of the nucleus caudalis in human preparates; 2) to consider whether there is any structural basis for the pathways of signal transmission observ ... | 2004 | 15478109 |
| nucleotide sequences of a korean isolate of apple stem grooving virus associated with black necrotic leaf spot disease on pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | pear black necrotic leaf spot (pbnls) is a disease of pears caused by capillovirus-like particles, which can be observed under the electron microscope. the disease was analyzed by western blot analysis with antisera raised against apple stem grooving virus (asgv) coat protein. cdnas covering the entire genome were synthesized by rt-pcr and race using rna isolated from chenopodium quinoa infected with sap extracted from pear leaves carrying black necrotic spot disease. the complete genome sequenc ... | 2004 | 15528995 |
| correction of facial deformity using a red iii device in a patient with antley-bixler syndrome. | antley-bixler syndrome was first described in 1975 and to date at least 44 cases have been reported. in addition to brachycephaly, this syndrome is associated with midface hypoplasia, bilateral radiohumeral synostosis, multiple joint contractures, long bone fractures, dysplastic ears, "pear shaped" nose, and occasionally urogenital or cardiac defects. the authors report a case in a 23-year-old man with severe midface deficiency treated using distraction osteogenesis. a modified le fort iii osteo ... | 2004 | 15547402 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the fungicide fenarimol. | to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the fungicide fenarimol, two synthesized haptens, haptens-1 and -2, and the purchased 4,4'-dda were conjugated to carrier proteins (bsa, klh, and ova). polyclonal antibodies raised against hapten-1,2-klh conjugates in rabbits and the coating antigens of hapten-1,2-bsa conjugates, hapten-2-ova conjugate, and 4,4'-dda-bsa conjugate were screened and selected for the homologous and/or heterologous elisa formats. two competitive indirect elisas wer ... | 2004 | 15563196 |
| evaluation of various species demarcation criteria in attempts to classify ten new tombusvirus isolates. | the usefulness of various suggested species demarcation criteria was compared in attempts to determine the taxonomic status of ten new tombusvirus isolates. five of them (lim 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were obtained from different sources of commercially grown statice (limonium sinuatum), two (gyp 1 and 2) from different sources of commercially grown gypsophila paniculata and three from water samples, i.e. from a small river (schunter) in northern germany, from a brook (near dossenheim) in southern germa ... | 2004 | 15593416 |
| occurrence and significance of cryptococcus neoformans in vegetables and fruits. | cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from three of 437 (0.6%) samples of a wide variety of vegetables collected from a number of markets in delhi. the vegetables yielding c. neoformans were tomato, lycopersicon esculentum (1/70), 'vegetable sponge', luffa cylindrica (1/56) and brinjal, solanum melongena (1/55). only solitary samples of these three vegetables were found to be positive. in vitro studies at 25 degrees c revealed that a reference c. neoformans isolate readily colonized, as did candi ... | 2000 | 15597680 |
| the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora produces acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules in vitro and in planta. | we report for the first time the production of acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) by erwina amylovora, an important quarantine bacterial pathogen that causes fire blight in plants. e. amylovora produces one n-acyl homoserine lactone [a n-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone or a n-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone] quorum sensing signal molecule both in vitro and in planta (pear plant). given the involvement of ahls in plant pathogenesis, we speculate that ahl-dependent quorum sensing could pl ... | 2004 | 15598530 |