| virus-specific cd4+ t cells eliminate borna disease virus from the brain via induction of cytotoxic cd8+ t cells. | persistent borna disease virus infection of the brain can be prevented by treatment of naive rats with a virus-specific cd4+ t-cell line prior to infection. in rats receiving this treatment, only a transient low-level encephalitis was seen compared to an increasingly inflammatory reaction in untreated infected control rats. virus replication was found in the brain for several days after infection before the virus was cleared from the central nervous system. the loss of infectivity from the brain ... | 1998 | 9557729 |
| processing of the borna disease virus glycoprotein gp94 by the subtilisin-like endoprotease furin. | open reading frame iv (orf-iv) of borna disease virus (bdv) encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of ca. 57 kda (p57), which increases after n glycosylation to 94 kda (gp94). the unglycosylated and glycosylated proteins are proteolytically cleaved by the subtilisin-like protease furin. furin most likely recognizes one of three potential cleavage sites, namely, an arginine at position 249 of the orf-iv gene product. the furin inhibitor decrvkrcmk decreases the production of infectiou ... | 1998 | 9557754 |
| positive and negative syndromes, and borna disease virus infection in schizophrenia. | the relationship between borna disease virus (bdv) infection and positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia was investigated. by nested rt-pcr and western blotting, bdv-specific rna and anti-bdv antibodies were examined in blood from 67 schizophrenic patients (dsm-iii-r) in japan, and the psychometric properties of the positive and negative syndrome scale (panss) were analyzed. there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the composite index denoting the positive minus negative differe ... | 1998 | 9566266 |
| complete genomic sequence of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises three established species, namely, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and border disease virus from sheep (bdv). in this study, we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of bdv, that of strain x818. the genome is 12,333 nucleotides long and contains one long open reading frame encoding 3, 895 amino acids. the 5' noncoding region (ncr) of bdv x818 consists of 372 nucleotides and is thus similar i ... | 1998 | 9573288 |
| lack of antiviral effect of amantadine in borna disease virus infection. | the antiviral effect of amantadine (1-aminoadamantane) was tested in vitro as well as in vivo. treatment of persistently borna disease virus (bdv)-infected cell lines of different origin and for various length of time did not result in a general reduction of virus titer or clearance of virus from infected cells. in vivo, rats were treated with amantadine by daily oral application or by use of osmotic pumps, and in both cases treatment was started before infection. neither route of application of ... | 1998 | 9574902 |
| cocaine sensitivity in borna disease virus-infected rats. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic rna virus that infects warm-blooded animals to cause disturbances of movement and behavior. studies in infected rats have demonstrated behavioral sensitivity to direct and indirect dopamine (da) agonists; however, behavioral responses to an indirect da agonist with a pure presynaptic effect have not been analyzed. rats infected with bdv had an enhanced response to the locomotor, behavioral, and convulsant effects of cocaine at intraperitoneal doses of 7 ... | 1998 | 9586866 |
| evaluation of serological diagnosis of borna disease virus infection using recombinant proteins in experimentally infected rats. | we produced two recombinant borna disease virus (bdv) proteins, p40 and p24, by using a baculovirus vector as a diagnostic antigen. antigenicities of these recombinant proteins were evaluated by immune rabbit sera. recombinant p40 was a more sensitive antigen than p24 for the detection of antibodies in infected rats. rats inoculated with bdv within 24 hr after birth showed higher detection rates of viral rna and viral proteins from the brain than rats inoculated at 4 weeks-old. depending on the ... | 1998 | 9592731 |
| spontaneous borna disease in sheep and horses: immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells and detection of mhc-i and mhc-ii antigen expression in borna encephalitis lesions. | borna disease (bd) has been recognized as a virally induced t-cell dependent immunopathological disorder of the central nervous system (cns), as shown by experimental infection of rats with borna disease virus (bdv). in contrast to the rat model, little is known about the pathogenesis of spontaneous bd in sheep and horses. the present study describes the brain lesions of 12 ovine and 11 equine cases of naturally occurring bd. a set of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was used in order to det ... | 1998 | 9613435 |
| [pestivirus as causative agent of abortion and perinatal mortality in cattle and sheep in switzerland]. | the causal involvement of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) infection in bovine and ovine abortion and perinatal mortality remain unclear. from 1992 until 1994, 213 bovine and 31 ovine foetuses as well as 36 calves and 25 lambs which had died perinatally were investigated. tissue samples were tested for the presence of pestiviruses and serum or fluid from the body cavities were analysed for the presence of pestivirus antibodies. detection of pestiviruses was perf ... | 1998 | 9618985 |
| sensitivity and reproducibility of rt-pcr to detect borna disease virus (bdv) rna in blood: implications for bdv epidemiology. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection of domestic animals and humans appears to have a worldwide distribution. there is evidence suggesting an association of bdv with certain psychiatric disorders. however, more comprehensive epidemiological studies are required to establish rigorously a link between bdv and human mental disorders, and to evaluate the role of carrier animals as potential source of bdv for human infection. the use of rt-pcr to detect bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p ... | 1998 | 9626956 |
| in vivo treatment with anti-alpha4 integrin suppresses clinical and pathological evidence of borna disease virus infection. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection of the rat brain induces a severe t-lymphocyte mediated inflammatory response that parallels the course of clinical borna disease. in other models of cns inflammation, the recruitment of t-lymphocytes from the circulation to sites of inflammation is believed to be directed, in part, by the cellular adhesion molecules alpha4 beta1 integrin (expressed on t-lymphocytes) and its ligand vcam-1 (expressed on blood brain barrier endothelium). since bdv-specific t-lym ... | 1998 | 9628458 |
| differentiation of types 1a, 1b and 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by pcr. | there are two genotypes among bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv), bvdv1 and bvdv2. within the bvdv1 genotype there are two distinct subgenotypes, bvd1a and bvd1b. serology and monoclonal antibody binding are used to differentiate bvdv from classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv), the other members of the pestivirus genus. these techniques are less useful in the differentiation and segregation of viruses within the bvdv species. in this study, differential polymerase ... | 1998 | 9633045 |
| borna disease in a dog with lethal meningoencephalitis. | a dog was euthanatized because of progressive neurological signs. histologically, a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis was found. by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and nested pcr procedures, borna disease virus (bdv) antigen and bdv-specific rna were demonstrated in brain tissues of the dog. the nucleotide sequence of the pcr product showed 94 to 98% homology to published bdv sequences. this is the first description of borna disease in a dog. | 1998 | 9650982 |
| borna or not? | | 1998 | 9657233 |
| a viro-psycho-immunological disease-model of a subtype affective disorder. | borna disease virus (bdv) infections are widespread in animal species. this neurotropic, negative and single-stranded enveloped rna virus spreads via axonal and transsynaptic pathways quite specifically into olfactoric and limbic structures. the symptoms in bdv-infected animals range from unapparent or subtle clinical manifestations to fatal neurological disorders. the severe and fulminant course of the infection, which is often accompanied by neurobehavioral and "emotional" disturbances, occurs ... | 1998 | 9657234 |
| case control study of feline borna disease in sweden. | a questionnaire-based, retrospective case-control study of 174 swedish cats was used to identify possible risk factors for feline borna disease. the questionnaire consisted of 32 questions on a wide range of subjects, including lifestyle and possible modes of virus transmission. two control groups were used: a healthy-control and a hospital-control. variables with significant odds ratios in either the borna disease:healthy-control or borna disease:hospital-control comparison were included in mul ... | 1998 | 9682429 |
| borna disease virus infection and negative syndromes in japanese schizophrenia patients. | | 1998 | 9682945 |
| border disease of sheep and goats. | border disease (bd) is a congenital virus disease of sheep and goats first reported in 1959 from the border region of england and wales. bd virus (bdv) is a pestivirus in the genus flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). nearly all isolates of bdv are non-cytopathogenic (ncp) in cell culture. there are no defined serotypes but pestiviruses isolated from sheep exhibit considerable antigenic diversity and three distinct antigenic ... | 1998 | 9689745 |
| the nucleolus is the site of borna disease virus rna transcription and replication. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus with limited homology to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. a distinguishing feature of bdv is that it replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. strand-specific probes used for in situ hybridization of infected rat brain showed that there was differential localization of positive- and negative-strand rnas within the nucleus of neurons. within nuclei, sense-strand rnas were preferentially localized within nucleol ... | 1998 | 9696879 |
| [borna disease virus--a possible etiological agent of human psychoneurological disorders?]. | the characteristics of borna disease virus are described, specifically, the structure and replicative features. this virus differs from other representatives of mononegavirales order and therefore cannot be referred to any of its families. there are grounds to propose that borna disease virus is the forefather of a new family: bornaviridae. the review presents data on neurological and behavioral disorders caused by this virus in animals. a relatively high level of antiviral antibodies was detect ... | 1998 | 9702804 |
| [isolation of borna disease virus from the autopsy brain of a schizophrenia patient]. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes a central nervous system disease in several vertebrate species which is characterized by behavioral disturbances. seroepidemiological data suggested an association of bdv infection with certain human mental disorders, especially schizophrenia and depression. here, bdv infection was examined in autopsy brain samples from 4 schizophrenia patients. nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and in situ hybridization revealed bdv-rna only in rest ... | 1998 | 9719953 |
| pathogenesis of mucosal disease, a deadly disease of cattle caused by a pestivirus. | two biotypes of pestiviruses, cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (noncp) viruses, are distinguished by their effects on tissue culture cells. in contrast to the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) system, only a few cp border disease virus (bdv) and cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains have been described. antigenically closely related noncp and cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle with fatal mucosal disease (md) and are called a virus pair. the generation of cp bvdv in an animal ... | 1998 | 9741637 |
| maternal recognition of foetal infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv)--the bovine pestivirus. | pestiviruses are the veterinary viruses with genome homology to human hepatitis c virus (hcv). this group includes classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease virus of sheep (bdv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). there are some similarities in the pathology of all three virus infections; in utero transmission to the foetus can cause early embryonic losses, severe congenital abnormalities and, particularly with bvdv, lifelong persistent infections. in situ hybridisation studies hav ... | 1998 | 9741639 |
| persistence of borna disease virus-specific nucleic acid in blood of psychiatric patient. | | 1998 | 9746029 |
| a functional role for neutralizing antibodies in borna disease: influence on virus tropism outside the central nervous system. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a negative-strand rna virus that infects the central nervous systems (cns) of warm-blooded animals and causes disturbances of movement and behavior. the basis for neurotropism remains poorly understood; however, the observation that the distribution of infectious virus in immunocompetent rats is different from that in immunoincompetent rats indicates a role for the immune system in bdv tropism: whereas in immunocompetent rats virus is restricted to the central, perip ... | 1998 | 9765433 |
| neuropathological and aetiological studies of sporadic non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis of cattle. | sporadically occurring non-suppurative encephalitis appears to be a frequent condition of swiss cattle. fifty-one such cases diagnosed over a period of 10 years were examined retrospectively to investigate whether they constituted one or more distinct diseases, and to search for aetiological agents. three cases were characterised by periventricular granulomatous encephalitis, and most probably represented a different disease, but the remaining 48 cases had disseminated non-suppurative encephalit ... | 1998 | 9773471 |
| clinical, serologic, and histopathologic characterization of experimental borna disease in ponies. | borna disease was originally described as an equine neurologic syndrome over 200 years ago, although the infectious etiology of the disorder was unproven until the early 20th century. borna disease virus (bdv) was finally isolated from horses dying of the disorder, and that virus has been used to experimentally reproduce borna disease in several species of laboratory animals. however, bdv has never been inoculated back into horses to experimentally and etiologically confirm the classic clinical, ... | 1998 | 9786521 |
| a variant form of feline borna disease. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic agent with capacity to infect and cause encephalomyelitis in a wide range of animals, including horses, sheep, cattle and cats. recent interest in bdv as a potential human pathogen has been stimulated by reports of bdv-specific antibodies and nucleic acid in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. the pathogenesis of borna disease (bd) in naturally infected animals is believed to be immune-mediated, mainly through the action of cytotoxic t cells. in th ... | 1998 | 9807733 |
| [borna disease virus and psychiatric diseases. fact or artefact?]. | | 1998 | 9810288 |
| two proline-rich nuclear localization signals in the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the borna disease virus phosphoprotein. | borna disease virus (bdv) uses a unique strategy of replication and transcription which takes place in the nucleus, unlike other known, nonsegmented, negative-stranded rna viruses of animal origin. in this process, viral constituents necessary for replication must be transported to the nucleus from the cytoplasm. we report here the evidence that bdv p protein, which may play an important role in viral replication and transcription, is transported into the nucleus in the absence of other viral co ... | 1998 | 9811710 |
| detection and sequence analysis of borna disease virus p24 rna from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with mood disorders or schizophrenia and of blood donors. | borna disease virus (bdv) p24 rna was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of psychiatric patients and blood donors by nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr). the prevalences of bdv p24 rna in patients with mood disorders (4%) and schizophrenia (4%) were not significantly different from that in blood donors (2%). this finding was inconsistent with previous reports that showed either a high prevalence or absence of bdv p24 rna in patients with psychiatric disorders. the d ... | 1998 | 9811743 |
| humoral immunity in the central nervous system of lewis rats infected with borna disease virus. | the aim of this study was to investigate the humoral immune response to borna disease (bd) virus in the brain of experimentally infected lewis rats. abundant igg was detected in bd-rat brain with isotype variation throughout infection. igg was locally produced as indicated by an intact blood-brain barrier, ig kappa light chain mrna-containing cells in brain and accumulation of virus-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. treatment with bd-rat serum altered viral gene expression in persisten ... | 1998 | 9817440 |
| evolution of the immune response in the central nervous system following infection with borna disease virus. | borna disease virus infection of lewis rats results in an immune-mediated disease associated with transient meningoencephalitis and persistent viral infection. in the acute phase of disease, perivascular immune cell infiltrates consisted of cd4 + and cd8 + t cells, macrophages and nk cells with peak expression of mrnas encoding the cytokines il1alpha, il2, il6, tnfalpha, and ifngamma. in the chronic phase of disease, numbers of nk cells, b cells and activated microglia increased in the brain par ... | 1998 | 9817441 |
| neutralization of borna disease virus depends upon terminal carbohydrate residues (alpha-d-man, beta-d-glcnac) of glycoproteins gp17 and gp94. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-stranded rna virus that causes infections of the brain in a wide range of animal species and man. the third open reading frame codes for a protein of 17 kd (gp17) that is n-glycosylated and contains terminal alpha-d-mannose and n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine residues. rat sera raised against these carbohydrates (anti-sugar antisera) show high in vitro neutralization activity and were capable of precipitating bdv. the neutralizing cap ... | 1998 | 9820849 |
| natural borna disease virus infection in cats in the united kingdom. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a novel rna virus that has only recently been characterised and classified in a new virus family, bornaviridae. the virus was detected in buffy coat cells from four of five cats with neurological disease and in the brains of five of 15 cats with nervous signs and of one of three cats with non-neurological disease. in a serosurvey of 111 cats the incidence of antibody to bdv in cats with neurological disease was higher than in cats with other types of disease, suggest ... | 1998 | 9839363 |
| fine structure and morphogenesis of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv), a negative nonsegmented single-stranded rna virus, has not been fully characterized morphologically. here we present what is to our knowledge the first data on the fine ultrastructure and morphogenesis of bdv. the supernatant of mdck cells persistently infected with bdv treated with n-butyrate contained many virus-like particles and more bdv-specific rna than that of untreated samples. the particles were spherical, enveloped, and approximately 130 nm in diameter; had s ... | 1999 | 9847384 |
| borna disease virus proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with recurrent depression and multiple sclerosis. | | 1998 | 9851390 |
| inhibition of borna disease virus replication by ribavirin in persistently infected cells. | ribavirin at concentrations from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml exhibited inhibitory effects on transcription of borna disease virus (bdv) in persistently infected cells. our present study indicates that ribavirin is a candidate anti-bdv drug. | 1998 | 9856091 |
| viral teratogenesis: brain developmental damage associated with maturation state at time of infection. | the rat brain continues to mature after birth and is particularly vulnerable to developmental damage following perinatal insult. borna disease virus (bdv) infection of postnatal day one (pnd-1) rat brain causes a non-encephalitic, persistent infection associated with developmental neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities. to test the hypothesis that bdv infection during different brain developmental stages yields variable pathological and clinical disease sequelae, rats were examined for bdv ... | 1999 | 9878758 |
| two domains of the borna disease virus p40 protein are required for interaction with the p23 protein. | borna disease virus (bdv) has five major open reading frames, which encode the proteins p40, p23, gp18, p57 and p190. by analogy with other negative-strand rna viruses, p40 is a putative nucleoprotein and p23 is a putative phosphoprotein. these proteins are known to form complexes with each other and with the polymerase protein in other viruses. in this paper, it is shown that bdv p40 and p23 can form complexes with each other in infected cells. furthermore, the amino acids of p40 that are neces ... | 1998 | 9880009 |
| borna disease virus nucleoprotein (p40) is a major target for cd8(+)-t-cell-mediated immune response. | experimental infection of rats with borna disease virus (bdv) and natural bdv infection of horses and sheep leads to a virus-induced t-cell-mediated immunopathology in the central nervous system. earlier work revealed the importance of the bdv-specific t-cell response and of cd8(+) effector cells in particular in the destruction of virus-infected cells. evidence was also presented that this major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted lysis detected in vitro might play a functional role i ... | 1999 | 9882386 |
| indirect immobilization of recombinant proteins to a solid phase using the albumin binding domain of streptococcal protein g and immobilized albumin. | immobilization of proteins to a solid phase leads to denaturation of the adsorbed molecules which may subsequently affect biological interactions. however, for many applications maintenance of the native structure is desired. therefore, an indirect immobilization system was developed, based on binding of the albumin binding domain (abp) of streptococcal protein g to rat serum albumin (rsa) precoated on a solid phase (rsa-microtiter plates). escherichia coli vectors were adapted for production of ... | 1998 | 9894901 |
| ["emerging" viral zoonoses in native animals who can be the host in the netherlands]. | viral zoonotic diseases can be defined as 'viral diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to man'. viral zoonoses have been emerging and re-emerging throughout history and can cause serious diseases and disease outbreaks in human populations. this paper deals with emerging viral zoonotic infections that have hosts in native species and can be a hazard for the human population in the netherlands. rabies virus, hantavirus, influenza virus tick-borne encephalitis virus, borna disease virus and ... | 1999 | 9921612 |
| phylogenetic evidence for the improved rna higher-order structure in internal ribosome entry sequences of hcv and pestiviruses. | the strong requirement for a small segment of the 5'-proximal coding sequence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is one of the most remarkable features in the internal initiation of hcv mrna translation. phylogenetic analysis and rna folding indicate a common rna structure of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of hcv and the animal pestiviruses, including hcv types 1-11, bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and hog cholera (hocv). although the common rna structure shares similar featur ... | 1998 | 9926403 |
| characterization of the major nuclear localization signal of the borna disease virus phosphoprotein. | borna disease virus (bdv) replicates and transcribes its negative-sense rna genome in the nucleus. the bdv phosphoprotein (p) is localized in the nucleus of infected cells and cells transfected with p expression constructs. to identify the nuclear localization signal (nls) of p, cos-7 cells were transfected with wild-type or mutant forms of p fused with green fluorescent protein (gfp). whereas gfp alone was exclusively cytoplasmic, p or p-gfp were nuclear. analysis of carboxy- and amino-terminal ... | 1999 | 9934690 |
| effect of immune priming on borna disease. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic virus with a broad host and geographic range. lewis rats were immunized against bdv with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the bdv nucleoprotein and were later infected with bdv to evaluate protection against borna disease (bd). relative to animals that were not immunized, immunized animals had a decreased viral burden after challenge with infectious virus, more marked inflammation, and aggravated clinical disease. these data suggest that a more r ... | 1999 | 9971840 |
| reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting p40 rna of borna disease virus, without risk of plasmid contamination. | several methods for the detection of borna disease virus (bdv) rna have been reported, one being the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr) method. however, due to the possibility of contamination of the cloned dna in a reaction tube, false-positive results might be obtained by rt-nested pcr. to detect only bdv rna without anxiety of contamination, we developed an rt-nested pcr system using "mrna selective pcr kit". using this system, cdna of bdv p40 in the plasmi ... | 1999 | 10027171 |
| detection and genotyping of bovine diarrhea virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain amplification of the 5' untranslated region. | a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to differentiate the bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv) from other pestiviruses, and to determine the genotype of the bvdv isolates. for this purpose, primer pairs were selected in the 5' untranslated region (5'utr). the primers be and b2 were located in highly conserved regions and were pestivirus-specific. two primer pairs named b3b4 and b5b6 were specific of bvdv genotypes i and ii, respectively. with this technique, an amplif ... | 1999 | 10028170 |
| high susceptibility of mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) to borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic enveloped virus with a nonsegmented, single-, negative-stranded rna genome. this virus induced encephalitis in experimentally infected adult rats, but in newborn rats bdv established a persistent, tolerant infection with no apparent clinical signs. here, we report evidence that newborn mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) are more susceptible to experimental intracranial inoculation of horse-derived bdv in persistently infected mdck cells, compared ... | 1999 | 10073727 |
| upregulation of cox-2 and cgrp expression in resident cells of the borna disease virus-infected brain is dependent upon inflammation. | infection of immunocompetent adult rats with borna disease virus (bdv) causes severe encephalitis and neural dysfunction. the expression of cox-2 and cgrp, genes previously shown to be implicated in cns disease and peripheral inflammation, was dramatically upregulated in the cortical neurons of acutely bdv-infected rats. neuronal cox-2 and cgrp upregulation was predominantly seen in brain areas where ed1-positive macrophages/microglia accumulated. in addition, cox-2 expression was strongly induc ... | 1999 | 10078970 |
| a serosurvey of borna disease virus infection in wild rats by a capture elisa. | for a serological diagnostic test for borna disease (bd), we developed a capture elisa with specificity and sensitivity based on detection of antibodies against bd virus (bdv) p40 protein. using our capture elisa system, the antibody response of rats inoculated intracerebrally with bdv at 4 weeks after birth showed a sharp increase from 1 to 4 weeks postinoculation (p.i.) and a steady level after 5 weeks p.i. to investigate prevalence of bdv infection among wild rats, we examined sera of rattus ... | 1999 | 10081747 |
| [borna disease virus infection]. | | 1999 | 10088341 |
| high seroprevalence of borna virus infection in schizophrenic patients, family members and mental health workers in taiwan. | borna disease virus (bdv), a negative-strand rna virus, has been reported to be associated with severe psychiatric disorders. the association is mainly based on the findings that patients with schizophrenia and depression have a higher seroprevalence rate of bdv-specific antibodies than controls. in addition, psychiatric patients were also found to have a higher detection rate of bdv transcripts in their blood than controls. by using an improved western blot analysis, we first demonstrated that ... | 1999 | 10089006 |
| a single-tube rt-pcr method for the detection of borna disease viral genomic rna. | for detecting borna disease virus (bdv) genomic stranded rna, single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (st rt-pcr) was developed to equal the sensitivity of rt-nested pcr but with reduced risk of contamination. bdv-genomic stranded rna was synthesized in vitro using plasmid cdna of bdv p24 region as a template and rna was also extracted from bdv-persistently infected mdck (mdck/bdv) cells. both rnas were amplified by st rt-pcr in which a single round of rt and a single round o ... | 1998 | 10093417 |
| the effects of bovine respiratory syncytial on normal ovine lymphocyte responses to mitogens or antigens in vitro. | in the present study peripheral blod mononuclear cells (mnc) obtained from normal uninfected lambs were used to study the possible effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on lymphocyte responses to the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm) in vitro. live brsv had a depressive effect on the proliferative responses of normal mnc to pha, con a and pwm. inactivated brsv and a commercial preparation of prostaglandin e2 were also found to d ... | 1999 | 10099024 |
| borna disease virus-induced hippocampal dentate gyrus damage is associated with spatial learning and memory deficits. | in neonatally inoculated rats, borna disease virus (bdv) leads to a persistent infection of the brain in the absence of an inflammatory response and is associated with neuroanatomic, developmental, physiologic, and behavioral abnormalities. one of the most dramatic sites of bdv-associated damage in the neonatal rat brain is the dentate gyrus, a neuroanatomic region believed to play a major role in spatial learning and memory. the absence of a generalized inflammatory response to neonatal bdv inf ... | 1999 | 10210164 |
| developmental brain injury associated with abnormal play behavior in neonatally borna disease virus-infected lewis rats: a model of autism. | play behavior, nonsocial exploratory activity, and nonplay social interaction were observed in male juvenile lewis rats with brain developmental injury following neonatal infection with borna disease virus (bdv). these behaviors were tested using the 'intruder-resident' paradigm, with social isolation of residents for six days prior to testing. four experimental pairings of infected (bdv) and uninfected (nl) rats were studied as follows: nl-nl; nl bdv; bdv nl; and bdv-bdv (the first member is th ... | 1999 | 10212052 |
| borna disease virus infection in racing horses with behavioral and movement disorders. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic agent with capacity to infect and cause neurological disease in a broad range of warmblooded hosts including horses, sheep, cattle, cats, and possibly also humans. the epidemiology of bdv is largely unknown. however, it is likely that subclinically infected animals may represent potential virus reservoirs. in two groups of swedish racing horses, one clinically healthy and one consisting of horses with diffuse neurological signs, the bdv seroprevalence w ... | 1999 | 10226619 |
| cytokine expression in the rat central nervous system following perinatal borna disease virus infection. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes central nervous system (cns) disease in several vertebrate species, which is frequently accompanied by behavioral abnormalities. in the adult rat, intracerebral (i.c.) bdv infection leads to immunomediated meningoencephalitis. in contrast, i.c. infection of neonates causes a persistent infection in the absence of overt signs of brain inflammation. these rats (designated pti-nb) display distinct behavioral and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. however, the molecul ... | 1999 | 10227422 |
| immortalized cell lines derived from mice lacking both type i and type ii ifn receptors unify some functions of immature and mature dendritic cells. | cells with dendritic morphology obtained from several organs of mice lacking both type i and ii ifn receptors were immortalized by a retrovirus and analysed for their phenotype and for their function to induce cognate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. two cell lines called ag101 (skin) and ag116 (brain) were cloned and analysed in more detail. they constitutively expressed the cell surface markers cd45, cd11b, mhc class ii, f4/80, n418, b7-2 and icam1 but were cd8- and b220-negative. cells ... | 1999 | 10234551 |
| neonatal borna disease virus infection in the rat causes a loss of purkinje cells in the cerebellum. | viral insults that occur during early postnatal periods, can affect neuronal systems which exhibit significant postnatal development, such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. borna disease virus (bdv) is a single-strand rna virus which replicates in the nervous system of many species after experimental inoculation and causes acute neurological disease. neonatal rats infected with bdv do not mount an aggressive response to the virus like their adult counterparts, but instead develop a persiste ... | 1999 | 10321982 |
| lack of association between borna disease virus infection and neurological disorders among hiv-infected individuals. | viruses have been proposed as etiologic cofactors in the pathogenesis of hiv-related neurological disease. to investigate the etiologic potential of borna disease virus (bdv) in these disorders, two populations were studied: (1) 27 prospectively identified patients with various neurological disorders were evaluated with bdv rt-pcr (csf, pbmc), and bdv serology, and (2) a separate group of 25 retrospectively studied patients with aids dementia complex was evaluated using bdv serology only. a nove ... | 1999 | 10321983 |
| failure to demonstrate borna disease virus genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from psychiatric patients in korea. | rna, extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from 81 korean psychiatric patients (39 with schizophrenia, 33 with bipolar affective disorders and nine with major depression), was analyzed for a 391-nucleotide, highly conserved region of the p24 protein-encoding orf ii of borna disease virus (bdv), using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). bdv genomic rna was not detected in pbmc from any of the 81 korean psychiatric patients. these data do no ... | 1999 | 10321984 |
| nuclear localization of the protein from the open reading frame x1 of the borna disease virus was through interactions with the viral nucleoprotein. | previous studies have predicted the presence of a small open reading frame (orfx1) located between orf-1 and orf-2 of the borna disease viral (bdv) genome. the orfx1 is expressed as a p10 protein that is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of bdv-infected cells. in this study, we cloned the nucleotide sequence of orfx1 into expression vectors and showed that it is expressed as p10. an anti-p10 serum gave nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of cells persistently infected with bdv. immunoprecipita ... | 1999 | 10329568 |
| possible use of amantadine in depression. | amantadine, originally used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infection, has also proved beneficial in drug-induced parkinsonism, parkinson's disease, traumatic head injury, dementia, multiple sclerosis and cocaine withdrawal. amantadine appears to act through several pharmacological mechanisms, none of which has been identified as the one chief mode of action. it is a dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic substance, blocks monoaminoxidase a and nmda receptors, and seems to ra ... | 1999 | 10333162 |
| progress and controversy in bornavirus research: a meeting report. | | 1999 | 10365174 |
| revision of the functional analysis and structural features of immortalized dendritic cell lines derived from mice lacking both type i and type ii interferon receptors. | cell lines with dendritic morphology were obtained from several organs of mice lacking both type i and ii interferon receptors after a retroviral immortalization procedure. their surface antigen phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies and their functional capabilities to induce antigen dependent specific immune response was also determined. two representative cell lines called ag101 (skin-derived) and ag116 (brain-derived) were cloned and analyzed in more detail. cyto ... | 1999 | 10397174 |
| pathogenesis of borna disease virus: granulocyte fractions of psychiatric patients harbor infectious virus in the absence of antiviral antibodies. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes acute and persistent infections in various vertebrates. during recent years, bdv-specific serum antibodies, bdv antigen, and bdv-specific nucleic acid were found in humans suffering from psychiatric disorders. furthermore, viral antigen was detected in human autopsy brain tissue by immunohistochemical staining. whether bdv infection can be associated with psychiatric disorders is still a matter of debate; no direct evidence has ever been presented. in the present ... | 1999 | 10400715 |
| genetic analysis of pestiviruses at the 3' end of the genome. | specific pcr primers were selected for each pestivirus genotype which flanked the 3'-part of the ns5b gene and more than three quarters of the 3'-utr. pcr products were sequenced in both directions using an automatic sequencing device and analyzed by computer package program dnastar. a comparative analysis of the 3' untranslated region (3'-utr) of 82 viruses, representing the four genotypes of the pestivirus genus, provided a similar phylogenetic grouping as other genomic regions. intertypic rec ... | 1999 | 10403696 |
| persistent neonatal borna disease virus (bdv) infection of the brain causes chronic emotional abnormalities in adult rats. | neonatal borna disease virus (bdv) brain infection results in selective developmental damage to the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the cerebellum. when mature, neonatally bdv-infected rats show extreme locomotor hyperactivity and reduced freezing behavior in novel environments. traditional interpretation of both of these behavioral abnormalities would suggest decreased anxiety in infected rats compared to normal animals. however, it also possible that the locomotor hyperactivity in infected rats ... | 1999 | 10405111 |
| single-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection of borna disease virus rna in vitro and in vivo. | there are few copies of borna disease virus (bdv) genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and no reliable standard reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method for the detection of bdv rna, which is both highly sensitive and free of contamination. single-step rt-pcr, in which both reverse transcription and amplification by taq dna polymerase work efficiently in a single buffer, was applied to detect the p24 region of bdv rna in vitro and in vivo. using in vitro synthesize ... | 1999 | 10414024 |
| peripheral and intracerebral t cell immune response in cats naturally infected with borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic agent with capacity to cause encephalomyelitis in a wide range of animal species, including horses and cats. recent studies also point to a link between bdv and human neuropsychiatric disorders. the pathogenesis of borna disease (bd) has been proposed to be immune-mediated, mainly through the effects of cytotoxic t cells. we used flow cytometric analysis in order to characterize the peripheral and intracerebral t cell immune response in cats naturally i ... | 1999 | 10438323 |
| inhibition of borna disease virus replication by ribavirin. | the guanosine analogue ribavirin was tested for antiviral activity in two neural cell lines, human oligodendrocytes and rat glia, against borna disease virus (bdv) strains v and he/80. ribavirin treatment resulted in lower levels of virus and viral transcripts within 12 h. addition of guanosine but not adenosine resulted in a profound reduction of the ribavirin effect. ribavirin appears to be an effective antiviral agent for treatment of bdv infection in vitro. a likely mechanism for its activit ... | 1999 | 10438889 |
| inhibition of borna disease virus multiplication by interferon: cell line differences in susceptibility. | it has previously been reported that de novo infection of primary rabbit brain cells with borna disease virus (bdv) can be blocked with interferon-alpha/beta (ifn), whereas this cytokine has no inhibitory effect on bdv in persistently infected rat lung cells [v. rheinbaben et al., j. gen. virol. (1985) 66: 2,777-2,780]. it remained unclear, however, whether these results indicated that ifn exclusively targets early steps of the bdv replication cycle or whether they simply reflected cell line dif ... | 1999 | 10446654 |
| t cell ignorance in mice to borna disease virus can be overcome by peripheral expression of the viral nucleoprotein. | infection of neonates with borna disease virus (bdv) induces severe meningoencephalitis and neurological disorder in wild-type but not in beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice of strain mrl (h-2(k)). temporary in vivo depletion of cd8(+) t cells delayed bdv-induced disease for several weeks. depletion of cd4(+) t cells had a similar beneficial effect, indicating that the bdv-induced neurological disorder in mice is a cd4(+) t cell-dependent immunopathological process that is mediated by cd8(+) t ... | 1999 | 10449769 |
| enhancement of borna disease virus transcription in persistently infected cells by serum starvation. | transcription of borna disease virus (bdv) in persistently infected mdck (mdck/bdv) cells increased in the fetal bovine serum free media as detected by northern blot analysis. especially, the amount of 1.9-kb rna without cap formation at the 5' end and polyadenylation at the 3' end, increased as compared to other mrna molecules of bdv. growth arrest of mdck/bdv cells observed in the condition of serum starvation might be important for increasing viral transcription. since n-cadherin is the respo ... | 1999 | 10458109 |
| borna disease in cats. | | 1999 | 10460034 |
| activated borna disease virus in affective disorders. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an animal pathogen that causes behavioral changes in animals. previous studies have found a high prevalence of serum antibodies as well as borna disease viral antigens (bdvags) and rna in the white blood cells of psychiatric patients, especially those with affective disorders. the present study attempts to offer a better description of the bdvag cohort using clinical parameters. | 1999 | 10463375 |
| detection of borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. | the prevalence of borna disease virus (bdv)-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals has varied in several reports using several different serological assay methods. a reliable and specific method for anti-bdv antibodies needs to be developed to clarify the pathological significance of bdv infections in humans. we developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (eclia) for the antibody to bdv that uses two recombinant proteins of bdv, p40 and p24 ... | 1999 | 10473520 |
| orofacial dyskinesias and dystonia in rats infected with borna disease virus; a model for tardive dyskinetic syndromes. | the neurochemical and lesion effects of borna disease virus infection in rats result in a syndrome with phenotypic and pharmacological similarities to tardive dyskinesia. | 1999 | 10483043 |
| persistent borna disease virus infection of neonatal rats causes brain regional changes of mrnas for cytokines, cytokine receptor components and neuropeptides. | borna disease virus (bdv) replicates in brain cells. the neonatally infected rat with bdv exhibits developmental-neuromorphological abnormalities, neuronal cytolysis, and multiple behavioral and physiological alterations. here, we report on the levels of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1), il-1 receptor type i (il-1ri), il-1 receptor accessory protein (il-1r acp) i and ii, glycopro ... | 1999 | 10483922 |
| genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification. | the complete npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). for bvdv-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while bvdv-2, bdv, and csfv were each subdivided into two subgrou ... | 1999 | 10489341 |
| amantadine revisited: an open trial of amantadinesulfate treatment in chronically depressed patients with borna disease virus infection. | amantadinesulfate is a well known substance which has proven useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections, in treating symptoms of parkinson's disease, cocaine dependence, and apathy in multiple sclerosis. it has also been reported as having mild antidepressive effects not sufficient to warrant its use as an antidepressant. striking antidepressive effects in some patients have been attributed to its antiviral activity against human borna disease virus (bdv) infection which is freq ... | 1999 | 10505484 |
| borna disease virus in human brains with a rare form of hippocampal degeneration but not in brains of patients with common neuropsychiatric disorders. | to estimate the frequency of persistent borna disease virus (bdv) infections of the human central nervous system and to determine which neuropsychiatric disorders might be associated with this viral infection, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction was used to screen a large collection of autopsy brain samples for the presence of bdv-specific nucleic acids. the presence of bdv rna was found in 3 brains of persons with psychiatric symptoms and prominent hippocampal degeneration pr ... | 1999 | 10515835 |
| an infection-based model of neurodevelopmental damage. | perinatal exposure to infectious agents and toxins is linked to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the mechanisms by which environmental triggers interact with developing immune and neural elements to create neurodevelopmental disturbances are poorly understood. we describe a model for investigating disorders of central nervous system development based on neonatal rat infection with borna disease virus, a neurotropic noncytolytic rna virus. infection results in abnormal righting ... | 1999 | 10518583 |
| borna disease virus infection in two family clusters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | a high rate of borna disease virus (bdv) infection has been demonstrated in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). herein, we focused on bdv infection in two family clusters of patients with cfs: a father, mother, two sons and one daughter (family #1); and a father, mother, two daughters and one son (family #2). all members, except for the elder son in family #1 and the father and son in family #2, were diagnosed with cfs. the results supported that all the family members with cfs were in ... | 1999 | 10529109 |
| nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for typing ruminant pestiviruses: bovine viral diarrhea viruses and border disease virus. | a nested reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was evaluated for differentiating reference bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains, bvdv from diagnostic accessions, modified-live virus (mlv) bvdv strains in bovine viral vaccines, and a reference border disease virus (bdv). the detection level of this assay was compared to viral infection in cell culture. the pcr assay was used to distinguish 3 ruminant pestiviruses, types 1 and 2 bvdv, and type 3 bdv. the consensus ... | 1999 | 10534007 |
| genetic typing of bovine pestiviruses from england and wales. | using rna purified directly from stored clinical specimens, a collection of 62 pestiviruses were typed by rt-pcr and sequencing within the 5'-untranslated region of the genome. all the specimens had been obtained in 1966/1967 from diary cattle in england and wales. eight further pestiviruses, grown in cell culture, were characterised in the same way. seven of these viruses were representatives of a panel of british isolates, obtained from cattle ten years before. the eighth was the virus used in ... | 1999 | 10535769 |
| transcriptional control of borna disease virus (bdv) in persistently bdv-infected cells. | regulation of viral rna levels in infected cells is considered important in the investigation of viral transcription and replication. amounts of borna disease virus (bdv) rnas were increased in confluent persistently bdv-infected mdck cells (mdck/bdv) cells, while maintained at low levels in growing cells. the amount of 1.9-kb rna without cap formation and polyadenylation at the 5' and 3' ends respectively were remarkably increased (200% per day) in confluent mdck/bdv cells. both the full-length ... | 1999 | 10550667 |
| pestivirus infection in small ruminants: virological and histopathological findings. | pestivirus infection was detected in several flocks of sheep and goats located in the south of italy by means of serological, virological and histopathological investigations. from four animals, two lambs and two kids, showing enteric symptoms which died during the first week of life, four pestivirus strains were isolated and typed as bvdv-like (three isolates) and "tipic" bdv strains (one isolate). the histopathological lesions consisted of areas of hypomyelination in the brain, and a slight de ... | 1999 | 10555206 |
| borna disease virus infection in domestic cats: evaluation by rna and antibody detection. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection has been suggested to cause spontaneous neurological disease in cats referred to as staggering disease. however the evaluation of bdv infection in neurologically asymptomatic cats remained unclear. in the present study, bdv infected, asymptomatic cats in tokyo were surveyed both by the presence of plasma antibodies against bdv-p24 and -p40 and by rna detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. seven of 32 domestic cats (21.9%) were serologically or geneti ... | 1999 | 10563298 |
| absence of evidence of borna disease virus infection in swedish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is characterized by debilitating fatigue, somatic symptoms and cognitive impairment. an infectious basis has been proposed; candidate agents include enteroviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses and borna disease virus (bdv), a novel neurotropic virus associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from swedish cfs patients were assayed for evidence of infection using elisa and western immunoblot for detection of antibodi ... | 1999 | 10568886 |
| detection of borna disease virus rna from peripheral blood cells in schizophrenic patients and mental health workers. | accumulating evidence suggests that borna disease virus (bdv), a neurotropic, negative-stranded rna virus, might be associated with certain human mental disorders. several research groups reported that psychiatric patients had a significantly higher prevalence of bdv serum antibodies than normal controls. in addition, a significantly higher presence of bdv rna from peripheral blood cells was identified in mental patients than in controls. in our previous study, we first identified the presence o ... | 1999 | 10578239 |
| ovine pestiviruses: their taxonomic status revealed by palindromic nucleotide substitutions. | we examined previously identified border disease virus (bdv) strains by using a newly proposed genotyping procedure based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr), and found 22 (41.5%) out of 53 strains of bdv in the nucleotide sequence databases are not of bdv. all the 22 ovine pestivirus strains were allocated to the bvdv species according to the pns, and were compared with reference strains of pestivirus 1 (bvdv-ia,-ib, and-ic genovars), pestivirus 2 ( ... | 1999 | 10591495 |
| [borna disease in switzerland and in the principality of liechtenstein]. | borna disease (bd) is a rare immunopathological disorder of the central nervous system (cns) caused by infection with borna disease virus (bdv) and histologically characterized by mononuclear encephalomyelitis. bd primarily affects equines and sheep in well defined endemic areas of central europe, but bdv infections have also been reported in other host species including humans, as well as in non endemic regions. in this paper recent data on the pathogenesis of bd are reviewed and the current si ... | 1999 | 10596273 |
| borna disease: a possible emerging zoonosis. | the borna disease virus (bdv) causes a disease of the central nervous system (cns) in several vertebrate species. the progress made over the last 30 years in molecular biology has allowed us to identify the unique characteristics of the virus, such as its persistence in the cns and the way it is expressed. this has allowed scientists to classify this pathogenic agent in a new family of rna viruses. bdv affects a very large spectrum of hosts and is responsible for a disease characterised by behav ... | 1999 | 10596403 |
| high prevalence of borna disease virus in domestic cats with neurological disorders in japan. | a total of 15 (t-1-t-15) domestic cats with neurological disorders in tokyo area were examined for association with borna disease virus (bdv). none had detectable antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and toxoplasma gondii, and only cat t-8 had detectable antibody to fiv. serological and molecular epidemiological studies revealed a significantly high prevalence of bdv infection in these cats: antibodies against bdv p24 and/o ... | 1999 | 10596800 |
| bornavirus immunopathogenesis in rodents: models for human neurological diseases. | although the question of human bdv infection remains to be resolved, burgeoning interest in this unique pathogen has provided tools for exploring the pharmacology and neurochemistry of neuropsychiatric disorders potentially linked to bdv infection. two animal models have been established based on bdv infection of adult or neonatal lewis rats. analysis of these models is already yielding insights into mechanisms by which neurotropic agents and/or immune factors may impact developing or mature cns ... | 1999 | 10602401 |
| sequence similarities between human bornavirus isolates and laboratory strains question human origin. | human bornavirus rw98, whose genome differs by 3-4% from previous isolates, is almost identical to a rat-adapted laboratory strain. other human bornaviruses are also strongly related to virus strains frequently used for experiments in the various laboratories reporting human bornavirus, questioning a human origin of isolates known to date. | 1999 | 10622306 |
| infections with flaviviridae. | the family of the flaviviridae contains 3 genera: (i) the hepaciviruses, to which belongs hepatitis c virus (hcv), (ii) the flaviviruses and (iii) the pestiviruses. over 140 million people, more than four times the number of hiv-positive individuals, are chronically infected with the hcv. hepatitis g virus (hgv) has not yet been assigned to a genus. the impact of this recently discovered virus is yet to be established. infections with flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue fever v ... | 1999 | 10655776 |