| sequence analysis of feline caliciviruses isolated from the oral cavity of clinically normal domestic cats (felis catus) in florida. | four isolates (7.3 per cent) of feline calicivirus (fcv), from oropharyngeal swabs taken from 55 unvaccinated apparently healthy cats, were identified by electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a 671-bp fragment, comprising part of region b, all of regions c, d, and e and part of region f of the fcv capsid protein gene, was amplified from each isolate by rt-pcr and cloned for sequence analysis. amino acid sequence comparison of these regions revealed sig ... | 2001 | 11798299 |
| lamivudine and famciclovir resistant hepatitis b virus associated with fatal hepatic failure. | lamivudine (lmv) is the only nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis b (chb). lmv, as with other nucleoside analogues including famciclovir (fcv), suppresses the replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by targeting the viral polymerase. however, prolonged antiviral therapy results in the emergence of drug resistance hbv which can contribute to virological breakthroughs and recurrent hepatitis flares. | 2003 | 12727536 |
| pre-exposure treatment of cats with anti-fhv-1 and anti-fcv mouse-cat chimeric antibodies. | prior to pre-exposure treatment of cats with two mouse-cat chimeric antibodies, fjh2 and f1d7, having neutralizing activity to feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and cat calicivirus (fcv), respectively, these chimeric antibodies were labeled with (125)i and administered to cats to examine their blood kinetics. concentrations of the both administered chimeric antibodies in the blood reached maximum at the 48th hour post-administration, and the level was 34% for fjh2 and 54% for f1d7. then the concentra ... | 2003 | 12808206 |
| feline calicivirus replication induces apoptosis in cultured cells. | infection of crandell-rees feline kidney (crfk) cells by feline calicivirus (fcv) causes rapid cytopathic effects followed by cell death. in this study, we observed that fcv replication in cells results in the induction of changes characteristic of apoptosis, including translocation of phosphatidyl serine to the cell outer membrane, chromatin condensation, and oligonucleosomal dna fragmentation. fcv infection was associated with increases in the activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9, with the leve ... | 2003 | 12837551 |
| chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus. | ct values, the concentration of free chlorine multiplied by time of contact with virus, were determined for free-chlorine inactivation experiments carried out with chloroform-extracted (dispersed) and non-chloroform-extracted (aggregated) feline calicivirus (fcv), adenovirus type 40 (ad40), and polio virus type 1 (pv-1). experiments were carried out with high and low ph and temperature conditions. ct values were calculated directly from bench-scale free-chlorine inactivation experiments and from ... | 2003 | 12839771 |
| an epizootic of highly virulent feline calicivirus disease in a hospital setting in new england. | this article reports an outbreak of 24 cases of an unusually virulent feline calicivirus (fcv) infection in a small animal hospital. the circumstances and disease signs were very similar to those recently described in an outbreak of fcv hemorrhagic disease in northern california (vet. microbiol. 73 (2000) 281). the virus entered the facility through shelter cats showing upper respiratory signs. affected cats manifested high fever, anorexia, labored respirations, oral ulceration, facial and limb ... | 2003 | 12878149 |
| [disinfection of caliciviruses at 20 and 10 degrees c]. | five disinfectants, venno ff super, venno vet 1 super, venno oxygen, m&enno-veterinär b neu und neopredisan 135-1, were tested to evaluate their efficacy against caliciviruses at 20 and 10 degrees c. as model test virus served feline calicivirus type f9 (fcv f9). all disinfectants were tested according to guidelines of the german veterinary association (dvg). the investigations were performed in suspension tests and germ carrier tests. the suspension tests were carried out without and with prote ... | 2003 | 12910866 |
| removal of encephalitozoon intestinalis, calicivirus, and coliphages by conventional drinking water treatment. | the removal of the microsporidia, encephalitozoon intestinalis, feline calicivirus and coliphages ms-2, prd-1, and fr were evaluated during conventional drinking water treatment in a pilot plant. the treatment consisted of coagulation, sedimentation, and mixed media filtration. fr coliphage was removed the most (3.21 log), followed by feline calicivirus (3.05 log), e. coli (2.67 log), e. intestinalis (2.47 log), ms-2 (2.51 log). and prd-1 (1.85 log). with the exception of prd-1 the greatest remo ... | 2003 | 12916850 |
| human norovirus infection and the lessons from animal caliciviruses. | human noroviruses are a major cause of infectious intestinal disease, particularly in the health sector, with considerable knock-on effects on care provision through ward closures and staff sickness. this review will describe recent advances in our understanding of human noroviruses. in addition, we will consider related nonhuman caliciviruses to highlight some potential difficulties in the control of caliciviral disease. | 2004 | 15353967 |
| evaluation of a norovirus sampling method using sodium dodecyl sulfate/edta-pretreated chromatography paper strips. | noroviruses are the most common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks. a novel method was tested that utilizes sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)/edta-pretreated chromatography paper strips to collect and transport norovirus-containing fresh stool samples. as confirmation, the strips were infected with different dilutions of human norovirus-containing faeces and stored at different temperatures (-80, -20, 4 degrees c, room temperature and 37 degrees c). reverse transcription (rt)-pcr analysi ... | 2004 | 15488619 |
| a novel nested pcr for the diagnosis of calicivirus infections in the cat. | a novel nested pcr (npcr) assay is reported on the diagnosis of the feline calicivirus (fcv) infection. the test was performed on 47 ocular and 40 pharyngeal swabs collected from 47 cats with respiratory syndrome; among the 87 samples examined, 18 ocular and 23 pharyngeal swabs were positive in npcr. the npcr sensitivity was compared to other diagnostic techniques such as virus isolation on cell culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the npcr was more sensitive tha ... | 2004 | 15607078 |
| disinfection of feline calicivirus (a surrogate for norovirus) in wastewaters. | to compare the inactivation of feline calicivirus (fcv) (a surrogate for norovirus, nv) with the reduction of a bacterial water quality indicator (escherichia coli), a human enteric virus (poliovirus) and a viral indicator (ms2, frna bacteriophage), following the disinfection of wastewaters. | 2005 | 15610428 |
| properties of a calicivirus isolated from cats dying in an agitated state. | in june 1993, two of five pet cats kept in yokohama city in japan suddenly became agitated and died. feline calicivirus (fcv) was isolated from them. one strain (fcv-s) was isolated from the spinal cord, lung and tonsil of cat 1, another (fcv-b) from the ileum, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord of cat 2, and a third (fcv-sakura) from the oral cavity of one of the three surviving cats which showed no clinical signs. these three strains were equally resistant to ph 3.0 and serologically s ... | 2004 | 15651548 |
| norovirus proteinase-polymerase and polymerase are both active forms of rna-dependent rna polymerase. | in vitro mapping studies of the md145 norovirus (caliciviridae) orf1 polyprotein identified two stable cleavage products containing the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) domains: propol (a precursor comprised of both the proteinase and polymerase) and pol (the mature polymerase). the goal of this study was to identify the active form (or forms) of the norovirus polymerase. the recombinant propol (expressed as pro(-)pol with an inactivated proteinase domain to prevent autocleavage) and re ... | 2005 | 15681440 |
| high genetic diversity of the immunodominant region of the feline calicivirus capsid gene in endemically infected cat colonies. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is an important pathogen of domestic cats. in this study, we have determined the genetic diversity of fcv within four geographically separate colonies of endemically infected cats by sequencing the immunodominant and variable region e of the capsid gene. comparison of isolates between colonies and between unrelated published sequences gave nucleotide distance values of 26-35% and 22-40%, respectively and suggested each colony was infected with a distinct virus strain. co ... | 2003 | 14501192 |
| a serologic survey of wild felids from central west saudi arabia. | forty-five wildcats (felis silvestris), 17 sand cats (felis margarita), and 17 feral domestic cats were captured in central west saudi arabia, between may 1998 and april 2000, with the aim to assess their exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (fiv/plv), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline coronavirus (fcov), and feline panleukopenia virus (fplv). serologic prevalence in wildcats, sand cats, and feral domestic cats were r ... | 2003 | 14567233 |
| a comparison of hand washing techniques to remove escherichia coli and caliciviruses under natural or artificial fingernails. | compared with other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors the most microorganisms and is most difficult to clean. artificial fingernails, which are usually long and polished, reportedly harbor higher microbial populations than natural nails. hence, the efficacy of different hand washing methods for removing microbes from natural and artificial fingernails was evaluated. strains of nonpathogenic escherichia coli jm109 and feline calicivirus (fcv) strain f9 were used as bacterial ... | 2003 | 14672227 |
| investigation of the induction of antibodies against crandell-rees feline kidney cell lysates and feline renal cell lysates after parenteral administration of vaccines against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia in cats. | to determine whether administration of crandell-rees feline kidney (crfk) cell lysates or vaccines against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (fvrcp vaccines) that likely contain crfk cell proteins induces antibodies against crfk cell or feline renal cell (frc) lysates in cats. | 2005 | 15822597 |
| epizootiologic investigations of selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging eurasian lynx from sweden. | serum samples from 106 eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) from across sweden, found dead or shot by hunters in 1993-99, were investigated for presence of antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophila, and for feline leukemia virus antigen. in addition, tissue samples from 22 lynx submitted in 1999 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect nucl ... | 2005 | 15827211 |
| efficacy of three ethanol-based hand rubs against feline calicivirus, a surrogate virus for norovirus. | we investigated the efficacy of three ethanol-based hand rubs (sterillium virugard, 95% ethanol; sterillium rub, 80% ethanol; desderman n, 75.1% ethanol) against feline calicivirus (fcv), the surrogate virus for norovirus, on artificially contaminated hands of healthy volunteers. the astm e 1838-02 standard was used. experiments were controlled with 70% ethanol and 70% propan-1-ol which were previously found to have maximal efficacy against fcv. in the first step, three different organic loads ( ... | 2005 | 15866013 |
| [feline calicivirus infection]. | | 2005 | 15906827 |
| inactivation of feline calicivirus, a surrogate of norovirus (formerly norwalk-like viruses), by different types of alcohol in vitro and in vivo. | hand disinfection is an important measure to prevent transmission of norovirus (formerly called norwalk-like viruses) from hands or environmental surfaces to other objects. therefore, three types of alcohol (ethanol, 1- and 2-propanol) were examined for their virus-inactivating properties against feline calicivirus (fcv) as a surrogate for norovirus. tests were performed as quantitative suspension assays or as in vivo experiments with artificially contaminated fingertips. the in vitro experiment ... | 2004 | 14706271 |
| norovirus cross-contamination during food handling and interruption of virus transfer by hand antisepsis: experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate. | while there is good epidemiological evidence for foods as vehicles for norovirus transmission, the precise means of spread and its control remain unknown. the feline calicivirus was used as a surrogate for noroviruses to study infectious virus transfer between hands and selected types of foods and environmental surfaces. assessment of the potential of selected topicals in interrupting such virus transfer was also made. ten microliters of inoculum of feline calicivirus deposited onto each fingerp ... | 2004 | 14717359 |
| three-color flow cytometry detection of virus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in the cat. | we describe a three-color flow cytometry assay for the detection of virus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in the cat. the assay is based upon detection of intracellular tnfalpha using the cross-reactive mab 6401.1111, raised against the human cytokine. allophycocyanin-conjugated mab 6401.1111 specifically stained feline tnfalpha-producing murine cells and also staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b-stimulated feline t cells, thus providing formal evidence for cross-reactivity. by using the anti-tnfa ... | 2004 | 14871533 |
| in vitro comparison of rna preparation methods for detection of feline calicivirus in urine of cats by use of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. | to compare 5 methods of preparation of rna from feline urine samples for use in a feline calicivirus (fcv), p30 gene-based, real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. | 2005 | 15934622 |
| feline herpesvirus type-1 transcription is associated with increased nasal cytokine gene transcription in cats. | the etiopathogenesis of chronic nasal discharge in the cat is poorly understood. the objective of this study was to investigate alterations in transcription of genes for cytokines and chemokines in association with feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) mrna transcription. nasal samples from 21 cats were submitted for fhv-1 virus isolation (vi), traditional endpoint polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of fhv-1 dna, and quantitative real-time taqman pcr analysis of cytokines and chemokines (interleuk ... | 2005 | 15939557 |
| expression of feline interferon-alpha subtypes in esherichia coli, and their antiviral activity and animal species specificity. | two kinds of feifn-alpha consisting of 166 amino acids (aa) and 171 aa were expressed in escherichia coli, and the purified proteins were tested for antiviral activity on homologous and heterologous animal cells. crude feifn induced in feline cells revealed antiviral activity on both homologous and heterologous animal cells. in contrast, both types of recombinant feifn-alpha revealed antiviral activity only on the feline cells. all of the feifn-alpha subtypes showed high activity to vesicular st ... | 2005 | 15942143 |
| effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ... | 2005 | 16013370 |
| a severe dual infection by feline panleukopenia virus and feline calicivirus in an adult cat. | a dual infection by feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) in a 7 month-old cat is described. the animal developed a severe illness with depression, anorexia, fever, leucopoenia, nasal and ocular discharge and oral ulcers. both fpv and fcv were isolated in cell cultures from a rectal swab and the presence of fcv was confimed by polymerase chain reaction. antibodies to both the viruses were detected in the serum. the severity of the disease induced by the mixed viral infect ... | 2004 | 14964410 |
| apoptosis in cultured cells infected with feline calicivirus. | caliciviruses are important pathogens of man and animals; feline calicivirus (fcv) is responsible for an acute upper respiratory tract disease in cats. to date, little is known about the mechanism of cell damage induced by these viruses. we set out to determine if apoptosis played any role in cell death in fcv infection of cultured cells. we demonstrate that caspase-2, -3, and -7 were activated during fcv infection, as evidenced by pro-form processing and an increase in acetyl-asp-glu-val-asp-7- ... | 2003 | 15033797 |
| cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor eif4g and inhibition of host-cell protein synthesis during feline calicivirus infection. | caliciviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-stranded rna viruses that are pathogenic for both animals and man. although their capsid structure and genomic organization are distinct from picornaviruses, they have similarities to these viruses in their non-structural proteins. picornaviruses induce a rapid inhibition of host-cell cap-dependent protein synthesis and this is mainly achieved through cleavage of eif4g and/or dephosphorylation of 4e-bp1. in this study, the effect of calicivirus in ... | 2004 | 15105529 |
| surrogate viruses for testing virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants. | since important agents of viral nosocomial infections like hepatitis b and c viruses and norovirus do not replicate sufficiently in cell culture systems, disinfectants with suspected efficacy against these viruses must be evaluated by different methods. besides molecular approaches and indirect tests, the use of surrogate viruses with similar biophysical properties and genomic structure allows the assessment of virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants in quantitative suspension tests. furthe ... | 2004 | 15110123 |
| common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the origin and subsequent spread of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) in cats relinquished to shelters. fcv was isolated from the oral fauces of 11% of healthy cats upon entry, and isolation rates were highest for kittens (33%). fhv shedding was very low (4%) at the time of entry and occurred mainly in juveniles. fecv shedding was also common among newly relinquished cats (33%), especially older ki ... | 2004 | 15123152 |
| ultraviolet inactivation of feline calicivirus, human enteric viruses and coliphages. | norwalk and norwalk-like viruses (nlv) are major causes of food- and water-related disease in the united states. there is no host cell line in which the nlv can be tested for infectivity. feline calicivirus (fcv) and nlv both belong to the family caliciviridae. fcv can be assayed for infectivity in the crandell reese feline kidney cell line, so fcv serves as a surrogate for nlv. this study is the first report of uv inactivation of fcv and also of using the plaque technique, in contrast to the 50 ... | 2002 | 12405148 |
| pathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in naturally occurring virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection in cats. | infection with feline calicivirus (fcv) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. fcv infection is rarely fatal, however, virulent, systemic strains of fcv (vs-fcv) that cause alopecia, cutaneous ulcers, subcutaneous edema, and high mortality in affected cats have recently been described. seven cats with natural vs-fcv infection all had subcutaneous edema and ulceration of the oral cavity, with variable ulceration of the pinnae, pawpads, nares, and skin. other lesions that ... | 2004 | 15133174 |
| variability of virus attachment patterns to butterhead lettuce. | enteric viruses account for most foodborne illness in the united states. the objective of this study was to determine whether the isoelectric point (pi) of viruses such as feline calicivirus (fcv), echovirus 11, and bacteriophages phix174 and ms2 had any effect on their attachment to butterhead lettuce. the adsorption of virus particles to the lettuce was variable. bacteriophage ms2 was the only virus that fit the current derjaguin-landau-verway-overbeek model of virus attachment. echovirus 11 h ... | 2005 | 16245715 |
| real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a broad range of feline calicivirus isolates. | this report describes a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay with sybr green targeting the vp2 (orf 3) of feline caliciviruses. all of the 44 feline calicivirus isolates tested were detected, whereas neither feline herpesvirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus nor other calicivirus like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and a canine calicivirus isolate showed specific amplification products. the sensitivity of ... | 2006 | 16266755 |
| temperature and treatment time influence high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. | interest in high hydrostatic pressure processing as a nonthermal pasteurization process for foods continues to increase. feline calicivirus (fcv), a propagable virus that is genetically related to the nonpropagable human noroviruses, was used for detailed evaluation of the high pressure processing parameters necessary for virus inactivation. pressure inactivation curves of fcv strain kcd in dulbecco's modified eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum were obtained at 200 and 250 mpa as a functio ... | 2005 | 16300078 |
| virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations. | a new formula with reduced ethanol content (55%) in combination with 10% propan-1-ol, 5.9% propan-1.2-diol, 5.7% butan-1.3-diol and 0.7% phosphoric acid exhibited a broad spectrum of virucidal activity. in quantitative suspension tests, with and without protein load, this formulation reduced the infectivity titre of seven enveloped (influenza a and b, herpes simplex 1 and 2, bovine corona, respiratory syncytial, vaccinia, hepatitis b, bovine viral diarrhoea) and four non-enveloped (hepatitis a, ... | 2006 | 16307826 |
| genetic analysis of feline caliciviruses associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is 1 of the most common causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. other disease syndromes associated with fcv infection have been reported. recently, calicivirus infection associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease leading to significant mortality in cats has been reported. the clinical signs are similar to those observed with the calicivirus of rabbit hemorrhagic disease. this study characterized 2 fcv isolates associated with hemorrhagic-like disease. nucleoti ... | 2005 | 16312232 |
| antibody induction after combined application of an adjuvanted recombinant felv vaccine and a multivalent modified live virus vaccine with a chlamydial component. | the compatibility, safety and interaction on antibody induction of a combined vaccine application were assessed. specific pathogen-free cats were vaccinated with either a modified live virus vaccine containing feline calici- (fcv), herpes- (fhv-1), parvovirus (fpv) and chlamydophila felis (c. felis), an adjuvanted recombinant feline leukaemia virus (felv) vaccine or both vaccines in one syringe. after combined application, felv elisa antibody titres were unaltered, however antibody production ba ... | 2006 | 16343700 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| concurrent oral shedding of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. | oral mucosal salivary samples were collected from 25 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and 24 cats with periodontal disease. viral culture and isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus 1 were performed. eighty-eight per cent of cats with chronic gingivostomatitis were shedding both viruses, compared to 21% of cats without chronic oral inflammatory disease. cats with chronic gingivostomatitis are significantly more likely to concurrently shed both feline calicivirus and feline herp ... | 2003 | 12654105 |
| cessation of feline calicivirus shedding coincident with resolution of chronic gingivostomatitis in a cat. | feline calicivirus (fcv) shedding and oral bacterial flora were monitored over a period of 22 months in a case of feline gingivostomatitis (fgs). the cat was treated daily with 50 mg thalidomide capsules by mouth, and 200 mg lactoferrin powder was applied directly to the lesions. clinical signs began to resolve after 11 months when, in addition to treatment, the diet had been changed to an additive-free cat food supplemented with antioxidant vitamins a, d3 and e. resolution of clinical signs of ... | 2003 | 12703869 |
| detection of feline calicivirus (fcv) from vaccinated cats and phylogenetic analysis of its capsid genes. | we analysed genogroups of four feline calcivirus (fcv) isolates (fcv-s, h10, ao198-1 and ml89) obtained from cats that experienced fcv infection after having been vaccinated against fcv. new pcr primer sets (8f/8r, ao-s/ao-a, cp-s/cp-a) were also designed, since the conventional seal primer failed to amplify the target sequences in two samples. the genogroups of the four isolates as well as eight global and 17 domestic strains were determined by phylogenetic analysis of their amino acid sequence ... | 2006 | 16437305 |
| detection of nucleotide polymorphisms in feline calicivirus isolates by reverse transcription pcr and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe. | a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system has been developed to detect nucleotide polymorphisms in isolates of feline calicivirus (fcv). isolates with an exact match to the 28 nucleotide probe gave a melting temperature of 75 degrees c while isolates with one, two, three or four mismatches gave melting temperatures of 71, 65, 60 and 57 degrees c, respectively. the technique, which is simple, rapid and accurate, is suitable for typing field isolates of fcv. | 2003 | 12711071 |
| comparative efficacy of ethanol and isopropanol against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. | improper disinfection of environmental surfaces contaminated by the feces or vomitus of infected patients is believed to be a major cause of the spread of noroviruses (nov) in close institutional settings. although several disinfectants are available, the search for safe and effective disinfectant continues. because alcohol and alcohol-based products have been used as antiseptics and their efficacy against several enveloped viruses has been documented, we wanted to determine their efficacy again ... | 2006 | 16443090 |
| survival on uncommon fomites of feline calicivirus, a surrogate of noroviruses. | norovirus (nov) transmission occurs mainly through food and fomites. contaminated human fingers can transfer the virus to inanimate objects, which may then spread the virus to susceptible persons. however, no information is available on the survival of novs on fomites, which may be of importance in the transmission of novs in institutional settings such as hospitals and nursing homes. | 2006 | 16443092 |
| persistence of caliciviruses on environmental surfaces and their transfer to food. | the noroviruses (nov) are a common cause of human gastroenteritis whose transmission by foodborne routes is well documented. fecally contaminated surfaces are likely to contribute to this foodborne transmission and to the propagation of viral disease outbreaks. the purpose of this study was to (i) investigate the stability of nov on various food preparation surfaces; and (ii) evaluate the degree of virus transfer from these surfaces to a model-ready-to-eat (rte) food. for the virus persistence e ... | 2006 | 16473426 |
| calicivirus 3c-like proteinase inhibits cellular translation by cleavage of poly(a)-binding protein. | caliciviruses are single-stranded rna viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals, but little is known about the regulation of cellular translation during infection. we used two distinct calicivirus strains, md145-12 (genus norovirus) and feline calicivirus (fcv) (genus vesivirus), to investigate potential strategies used by the caliciviruses to inhibit cellular translation. recombinant 3c-like proteinases (r3cl(pro)) from norovirus and fcv were found to cleave poly(a) ... | 2004 | 15254188 |
| recombination of feline calicivirus within an endemically infected cat colony. | to understand the evolution of the family caliciviridae, the persistence of feline calicivirus (fcv) was studied within an endemically infected cat colony. polymerase and capsid sequences were analysed for 34 fcv isolates obtained over a 4 year period. initially, the colony was infected with one strain of virus, but a second distinct strain was later identified. subsequently, the emergence of a recombinant virus was observed, containing elements of both of the strains circulating within the colo ... | 2006 | 16528041 |
| virucidal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate on a food contact surface against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. | norovirus-associated foodborne outbreaks have become a major public health concern all over the world. food service establishments are always looking for disinfectants and sanitizers that are effective against various microbes but are non-corrosive and non-toxic to food and food contact surfaces. the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate against certain bacteria and fungi has been documented but its role as a disinfectant against viruses is not known. in this study, anti-calicivirus efficacy of sodium ... | 2006 | 16540196 |
| disinfection of fabrics and carpets artificially contaminated with calicivirus: relevance in institutional and healthcare centres. | fabrics and carpets are used widely as surface coverings or linens in healthcare settings and are prone to contamination with infectious agents such as noroviruses (novs). laundering, water cleaning and vacuuming are considered to be adequate for routine cleaning of these materials, but no standard procedure for their disinfection is available in case of contamination. testing disinfectants for their efficacy against novs is difficult because these viruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. therefor ... | 2006 | 16600432 |
| effect of temperature and sanitizers on the survival of feline calicivirus, escherichia coli, and f-specific coliphage ms2 on leafy salad vegetables. | we conducted a series of experiments to compare the survival of escherichia coli, feline calicivirus, and f-specific coliphage ms2 on lettuce and cabbage with and without disinfection. inoculated produce was held at 4, 25, or 37 degrees c for 21 days or was treated with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, chlorine bleach, peroxyacetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide. survival was measured by the decimal reduction value (time to 90% reduction in titer) and the change in log titers of the t ... | 2004 | 15270500 |
| inactivation of caliciviruses. | the viruses most commonly associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis are the noroviruses. the lack of a culture method for noroviruses warrants the use of cultivable model viruses to gain more insight on their transmission routes and inactivation methods. we studied the inactivation of the reported enteric canine calicivirus no. 48 (cacv) and the respiratory feline calicivirus f9 (fecv) and correlated inactivation to reduction in pcr units of fecv, cacv, and a norovirus. i ... | 2004 | 15294783 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of two density populations of feline calicivirus. | two density populations of full-size feline calicivirus (fcv), the intact infectious particles (p(h)) and the empty capsids (p(l)), have been crystallized using the hanging-drop method. exposed to high-intensity synchrotron radiation, p(h) and p(l) crystals were shown to diffract x-rays to about 3.0 and 5.5 a resolution, respectively. the p(h) crystal belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system with unit-cell dimensions a = 889.0, b = 995.0, c = 436.6 a. based on the v(m) value (3.4 a(3) da(-l)), ... | 1995 | 15299825 |
| duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: a review. | in our studies aimed at assessing the minimum duration of vaccinal immunity (doi), approximately 1000 dogs have been vaccinated with products from all the major us veterinary biological companies. the doi for the various products is determined by antibody titers for all dogs and, by challenge studies in selected groups of dogs. recently, all major companies that make canine vaccines for the u.s. market have completed their own studies; published data show a 3 years or longer minimum doi for the ... | 2006 | 16707236 |
| interstitial nephritis in cats inoculated with crandell rees feline kidney cell lysates. | parenteral administration of crandell rees feline kidney (crfk) cell lysates or feline herpesvirus 1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus-containing vaccines (fvrcp) grown on crfk cells induces antibodies against crfk cells. these antibodies also react with feline renal cell extracts. the purpose of this study was to determine whether interstitial nephritis would be detected in cats that were immunologically sensitized with crfk lysates, boosted with crfk lysates, and then biopsied 2 weeks afte ... | 2006 | 16713319 |
| virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant against feline calicivirus: a surrogate for norovirus. | norovirus, formerly known as norwalk virus, is an important cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals, food services, schools, and cruise ships. infection control practices by using disinfectants to eliminate noroviruses from surfaces and environmental samples reduce the morbidity and spread of virus outbreaks. there are not many commercial disinfectants effective against norovirus. noroviruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. however, feline calicivirus can be used as a surrogate to determi ... | 2006 | 16765204 |
| effect of temperature on the survival of f-specific rna coliphage, feline calicivirus, and escherichia coli in chlorinated water. | we compared the survival of f-specific rna coliphage ms2, feline calicivirus, and e. coli in normal tap water and in tap water treated to an initial concentration of 50 ppm free chlorine and held at 4 degrees c, 25 degrees c, or 37 degrees c for up to 28 days. our aim was to determine which of these two organisms (coliphage or e. coli) was better at indicating norovirus survival under the conditions of the experiment. there was a relatively rapid decline of fcv and e. coli in 50 ppm chlorine tre ... | 2005 | 16819099 |
| caliciviruses differ in their functional requirements for eif4f components. | two classes of viruses, namely members of the potyviridae and caliciviridae, use a novel mechanism for the initiation of protein synthesis that involves the interaction of translation initiation factors with a viral protein covalently linked to the viral rna, known as vpg. the calicivirus vpg proteins can interact directly with the initiation factors eif4e and eif3. translation initiation on feline calicivirus (fcv) rna requires eif4e because it is inhibited by recombinant 4e-bp1. however, to da ... | 2006 | 16835235 |
| entry of feline calicivirus is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and acidification in endosomes. | feline calicivirus is a major causative agent of respiratory disease in cats. it is also one of the few cultivatable members of caliciviridae. we have examined the entry process of feline calicivirus (fcv). an earlier study demonstrated that acidification in endosomes may be required. we have confirmed this observation and expanded upon it, demonstrating, using drugs to inhibit the various endocytic pathways and dominant-negative mutants, that fcv infects cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ... | 2006 | 16840330 |
| survival and persistence of norovirus, hepatitis a virus, and feline calicivirus in marinated mussels. | noroviruses (nv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are foodborne enteric viruses associated with outbreaks of disease following consumption of raw or lightly cooked bivalve shellfish. marinated mussels are a popular delicacy, but there is no published information on whether enteric viruses survive the marination process. the survival and persistence of hav, nv, and a surrogate calicivirus, feline calicivirus (fcv), in marinated mussels over time was determined. nv, hav, and fcv were inoculated into ma ... | 2004 | 15330543 |
| first evidence of feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, and ehrlichia exposure in brazilian free-ranging felids. | serum samples from 18 pumas (puma concolor), one ocelot (leopardus pardalis), and two little spotted cats (leopardus tigrinus) collected from free-ranging animals in brazil between 1998 and 2004 were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for antibodies to feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv 1), calicivirus (fcv), coronavirus (fcov), parvo-virus (fpv), ehrlichia canis, anaplasma pha-gocytophilum, and bartonella henselae. serum samples also were tested, by western blot and elisa, for feline leukemia v ... | 2006 | 16870878 |
| calicivirus inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nanometer-wavelength [uv]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. | noroviruses (previously norwalk-like viruses) are the most common viral agents associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. in the absence of culture methods for noroviruses, animal caliciviruses were used as model viruses to study inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nm-wavelength [uv]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. here, we studied the respiratory feline calicivirus (fecv) and the presumed enteric canine calicivirus (cacv) and compared them with the well-studied bacteriop ... | 2004 | 15345386 |
| immunisation with a combination of two complementary feline calicivirus strains induces a broad cross-protection against heterologous challenges. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is characterised by a high degree of antigenic variation potentially compromising vaccine efficacy. inclusion of several fcv strains or antigens in current vaccines could be a means to improve protection against antigenically distinct isolates. this study evaluated the synergy between two fcv strains (fcvg1 and fcv431) by comparing immunity induced by either strain with that provided by a combination of the two strains against an heterologous challenge with antigenically ... | 2005 | 15737470 |
| feline calicivirus replication: requirement for polypyrimidine tract-binding protein is temperature-dependent. | the interaction of host-cell nucleic acid-binding proteins with the genomes of positive-stranded rna viruses is known to play a role in the translation and replication of many viruses. to date, however, the characterization of similar interactions with the genomes of members of the family caliciviridae has been limited to in vitro binding analysis. in this study, feline calicivirus (fcv) has been used as a model system to identify and characterize the role of host-cell factors that interact with ... | 2006 | 17030868 |
| three-year duration of immunity in cats following vaccination against feline rhinotracheitis virus, feline calicivirus, and feline panleukopenia virus. | forty-two seronegative cats received an initial vaccination at 8 weeks of age and a booster vaccination at 12 weeks. all cats were kept in strict isolation for 3 years after the second vaccination and then were challenged with feline calicivirus (fcv) or sequentially challenged with feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv) followed by feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). for each viral challenge, a separate group of 10 age-matched, nonvaccinated control cats was also challenged. vaccinated cats showed a ... | 2006 | 17039444 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel iso-d-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorothianucleoside derivatives. | novel iso-d-2',3'-dideoxythianucleoside derivatives 1-4 were designed and asymmetrically synthesized as a bioisostere of lamivudine to search for new anti-hiv agents. the information about using sulfur participation occurred on dast fluorination and mitsunobu reaction will be of great help in synthesizing sulfur-containing compounds. final compounds 1-4 were evaluated against hiv-1 and 2, hsv-1 and 2, emcv, cox. b3, vsv, flua (taiwan), flua (johan.), fcv, and fip. only cytosine analogue 3 showed ... | 2007 | 17046264 |
| detection of viruses: atomic force microscopy and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy. | this paper demonstrates the capability of atomic force microscopy (afm) and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) to function effectively as ultra-sensitive readout tools for chip-scale platforms designed for pathogen detection in complex biological media. afm allows direct (i.e., label-free) visualization and quantification of nanometer-sized viruses captured on a smooth, selective surface. afm readout led to optimization of a capture substrate for feline calicivirus (fcv), and yielded a l ... | 2006 | 17058479 |
| [effects of handwashing on feline calicivirus removal as norovirus surrogate]. | viral gastroenteritis caused by norovirus (nv) mainly appears during the winter season. in fact, outbreaks and patients with nv gastroenteritis are the major cause of community disease in the winter. strategies to avoid gastroenteritis caused by nv are thus needed. no effective method for evaluating virus inactivation and removal exists for of nv, which cannot be cultured using cell-lines. trials using feline calici virus (fcv; a member of the calicivirus family) as a nv surrogate have been cond ... | 2006 | 17073262 |
| factors associated with pathogen seroprevalence and infection in rocky mountain cougars. | serological and genetic material collected over 15 years (1990-2004) from 207 cougars (puma concolor) in four populations in the rocky mountains were examined for evidence of current or prior exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus (fcov), feline calicivirus (fcv), canine distemper virus (cdv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and yersinia pestis. serologic data were analyzed for annual variation in seroconversions to assess whether these pathogens a ... | 2006 | 17092891 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |
| assembly of feline calicivirus-like particle and its immunogenicity. | virus-like particles (vlps) were produced in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the capsid gene of feline calicivirus strain f9 (fcv-f9). the fcv vlps were morphologically and antigenically similar to the native virus and contained a single capsid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 60 kda that reacted with fcv antiserum. moreover, following immunization of rabbits, vlps were able to elicit neutralizing antibodies against several fcv strains isolated fro ... | 2007 | 17126499 |
| surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment: aa comparison of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus. | human noroviruses (novs) are the leading cause of food- and waterborne outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. as a result of the lack of a mammalian cell culture model for these viruses, studies on persistence, inactivation, and transmission have been limited to cultivable viruses, including feline calicivirus (fcv). recently, reports of the successful cell culture of murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) have provided investigators with an alternative surrogate for human novs. in this ... | 2006 | 17133824 |
| evolutionary mechanisms of persistence and diversification of a calicivirus within endemically infected natural host populations. | in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of persistence and diversification within the caliciviridae, we have been exploiting endemic infection of feline calicivirus within five geographically distinct household groups of cats. by sequencing immunodominant and variable regions of the capsid gene, we identified the relative contribution of the different evolutionary processes employed by the virus to ensure its long-term survival in the host population. such strategies included progress ... | 2007 | 17151126 |
| alpha2,6-linked sialic acid acts as a receptor for feline calicivirus. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is a major causative agent of respiratory disease in cats. it is also one of the few cultivatable members of the family caliciviridae. it has recently been reported that fcv binding is in part due to interaction with junction adhesion molecule-a. this report describes the characterization of additional receptor components for fcv. chemical treatment of cells with sodium periodate showed that fcv recognized carbohydrate moieties on the surface of permissive cells. enzymic ... | 2007 | 17170450 |
| feline calicivirus vp2 is essential for the production of infectious virions. | the third open reading frame (orf3) located at the 3' end of the genomic rna of feline calicivirus (fcv) encodes a small (12.2-kda) minor structural protein of 106 amino acids designated vp2. point mutations and deletions were introduced into an infectious fcv cdna clone in order to evaluate the functional importance of orf3 and its encoded protein, vp2. deletion of the entire orf3 sequence was lethal for the virus, and evidence was found for strong selective pressure to produce the vp2 protein. ... | 2005 | 15767403 |
| response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering. | to determine whether administration of inactivated virus or modified-live virus (mlv) vaccines to feral cats at the time of neutering induces protective serum antiviral antibody titers. | 2007 | 17199493 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters. | upper respiratory tract infection (uri) propagates readily within cats in shelters and often results in euthanasia of affected cats. in a case-control evaluation of 573 cats in eight shelters in california in 2001 and 2002, the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv) was from 13 to 36%, feline herpesvirus (fhv) was from 3 to 38%, and prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica, chlamydophila felis, and mycoplasma species was from 2 to 14%. cats with uri tended to be housed in isolation, dehydrated, a ... | 2005 | 15771947 |
| factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica in cats: experience from 218 european catteries. | a full history of the management practices and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) at 218 rescue shelters, breeding establishments and private households with five or more cats was recorded. oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken from 1748 cats. the prevalences of feline herpesvirus (fhv), feline calicivirus (fcv), chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica were determined by pcr on swab samples. an elisa was applied to determine the prevale ... | 2005 | 15908495 |
| feline caliciviruses (fcvs) isolated from cats with virulent systemic disease possess in vitro phenotypes distinct from those of other fcv isolates. | during the past decade, several outbreaks of severe systemic disease associated with feline calicivirus (fcv) have occurred in the usa and the uk. this new disease has caused high mortality in the affected animals and has been termed virulent systemic (vs)-fcv disease. currently, there are no genetic or in vitro diagnostic methods to distinguish viruses isolated from cases of vs-fcv disease from other isolates. here, five in vitro properties, as well as the capsid and proteinase-polymerase (pro- ... | 2007 | 17251569 |
| feline calicivirus. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of cats. it belongs to the family caliciviridae which includes other significant pathogens of man and animals. as an rna virus, high polymerase error rates convey upon fcv a high genome plasticity, and allow the virus to respond rapidly to environmental selection pressures. this makes the virus very adaptable and has important implications for clinical disease and its control. being genetically diverse, fcv is associated with ... | 2007 | 17296159 |
| comparison of the effects of acylation and amidation on the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of lactoferrin. | to compare amidation and acylation of lactoferrin (lf) from bovine milk, as a means of enhancing its antimicrobial and antiviral properties. | 2007 | 17309497 |
| isolation of feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus from healthy cats in swedish breeding catteries. | feline calicivirus (fcv) could be isolated from four cats (2.6%) and feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv) from none of 152 clinically healthy cats from 22 swedish breeding catteries. these cats had all previously shown signs of respiratory tract disease or conjunctivitis, although several years ago. the results suggest that carriers of fcv and fhv were uncommon in swedish breeding catteries studied. prevalence rates in other european countries and north america are usually higher, especially of fcv. the l ... | 2005 | 15914057 |
| human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification. | the family caliciviridae contains four genera sapovirus, norovirus, lagovirus and vesivirus, which include sapporo virus (sav), norwalk virus (nov), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), respectively. sav is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults. sav can be divided into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which gi, gii, giv and gv are known to infect humans, whereas sav giii infects porcine species. detection methods include elisa, rt-pcr and real ... | 2007 | 17340567 |
| survival of calicivirus in foods and on surfaces: experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate for norovirus. | although there is a large body of evidence incriminating foods as vehicles in the transmission of norovirus, little is known about virus survival in foods and on surfaces. feline calicivirus was used as a surrogate for norovirus to investigate its survival in representative foods of plant and animal origin and on metal surfaces. known concentrations of feline calicivirus in a natural fecal suspension were deposited onto lettuce, strawberries, ham, or stainless steel and incubated for 7 days at r ... | 2007 | 17340890 |
| inactivation of norovirus by ozone gas in conditions relevant to healthcare. | we evaluated the ability of ozone gas to inactivate norovirus and its animal surrogate feline calicivirus (fcv) in dried samples placed at various locations within a hotel room, a cruise liner cabin and an office. norovirus was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay, and fcv by a combination of qrt-pcr and virus infectivity assays. we were able to reduce the concentration of infectious fcv by a factor of more than 10(3), and in some cas ... | 2007 | 17350729 |
| a kinetic study of histopathological changes in the subcutis of cats injected with non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted multi-component vaccines. | the aim of this study was to investigate the subcutaneous tissue response to administration of a single dose of multi-component vaccine in the cat. three groups of 15 cats were injected with one of three vaccine products with saline as a negative control. cats in group a received non-adjuvanted vaccine; cats in group b received vaccine with a lipid-based adjuvant; whilst those in group c were vaccinated with a product adjuvanted with an alum-quil a mixture. the vaccine and saline injection sites ... | 2007 | 17403558 |
| inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide. | chlorine dioxide (clo2) inactivation experiments were conducted with adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and feline calicivirus (fcv). experiments were carried out in buffered, disinfectant demand-free water under high- and low-ph and -temperature conditions. ct values (the concentration of clo2 multiplied by contact time with the virus) were calculated directly from bench-scale experiments and from application of the efficiency factor hom (efh) model. ad40 ct ranges for 4-log inactivation (ct99.99%) at 5 ... | 2005 | 15933007 |
| transfer and decline of maternal antibody to feline calicivirus. | twelve kittens born to four queens immune to feline calicivirus acquired maternal serum neutralizing antibody to feline calicivirus primarily via the colostrum. at one week of age, their titres approached or equalled those of their dams. in the absence of feline calicivirus infection, titres of maternal antibody declined to undetected levels between ten and 14 weeks of age. the half-life of maternal antibody was approximately 15 days. | 1983 | 17422220 |
| chlamydia infection in cats in new zealand. | conjunctival swabs collected in 1991-92 from 333 pedigree and non-pedigree cats were tested for the presence of chlamydia spp. antigen using an elisa antigen kit. forty (18.4%) of the 217 samples from cats with conjunctivitis were positive. seven (6%) of 116 samples from cats which were in contact with cats with conjunctivitis but which showed no clinical signs at the time of sample collection were positive. positive-testing cats were frequently from multi-cat households. chlamydia spp. is prese ... | 1995 | 16031850 |
| highly conserved configuration of catalytic amino acid residues among calicivirus-encoded proteases. | a common feature of caliciviruses is the proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein catalyzed by the viral 3c-like protease encoded in open reading frame 1 (orf1). here we report the identification and structural characterization of the protease domains and amino acid residues in sapovirus (sav) and feline calicivirus (fcv). the in vitro expression and processing of a panel of truncated orf1 polyproteins and corresponding mutant forms showed that the functional protease domain is 146 amino ... | 2007 | 17459935 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by ozone. | little information is available regarding the effectiveness of ozone on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses. inactivation experiments were conducted with feline calicivirus (fcv), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, and adenovirus type 40 (ad40). experiments were carried out in buffered disinfectant demand free water at ph 7 and 5 degrees c. ct values; concentration of ozone multiplied by contact time with ... | 2005 | 16061270 |
| [effects of hand hygiene on feline calicivirus inactivation and removal as norovirus surrogate treated with antiseptic hand rubbing, wet wipes, and functional water]. | as a preventive action plan against gastroenteritis caused by the norovirus (nv), we studied hand hygiene effects using with three hand rubbing products, four wet wipe products, and two functional water types using feline calicivirus as a norovirus surrogate. after treatment using antiseptic hand rubbing products containing chlorhexidine, quaternary ammonium, and povidone-iodine, high inactivation detected by tcid50 was observed compared to products containing povidone-iodine, although no differ ... | 2007 | 17564112 |
| potential for broad-spectrum protection against feline calicivirus using an attenuated myxoma virus expressing a chimeric fcv capsid protein. | it has previously been demonstrated that recombinant myxoma viruses expressing fcv capsid protein are capable of eliciting protective responses against virulent fcv challenge, following vaccination, in cats. an attempt was made to produce a bivalent myxoma recombinant expressing the capsid protein genes of both fcv strains f9 and ls015. the fcv capsid protein genes were inserted into the myxoma growth factor gene (mgf) locus, and the serine protease inhibitor (serp 2) gene locus. subsequent reco ... | 2005 | 16176851 |
| comparison of the sensitivities of noroviruses and feline calicivirus to chemical disinfection under field-like conditions. | noroviruses (nv), in the family caliciviridae, are an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. measures for prevention and control of nv dissemination are therefore necessary to ensure public safety. the abilities of an organic acid (venno vet 1 super), an aldehyde (venno ff super), a halogen compound (sodium hypochlorite solution), and a peroxide (oxystrong fg) to inactivate feline calicivirus (fcv), a cultivable virus surrogate for nv, were studied. molecular protocols were then ... | 2007 | 17616619 |
| chlorine sensitivity of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. | the sensitivity to free chlorine of feline calicivirus (fcv), a norovirus surrogate, was examined relative to chlorine demand. when a crude suspension of fcv was treated with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 10 microg/ml free chlorine, the extent of the decrease of viral infectivity clearly depended on the volume of the reaction mixture. the apparent sensitivity of fcv to free chlorine increased with the reduction of host cell debris, indicating that chlorine demand must be minimized to ... | 2007 | 17616623 |
| persistence of caliciviruses in artificially contaminated oysters during depuration. | the fate of calicivirus in oysters in a 10-day depuration was assessed. the norovirus gene was persistently detected from artificially contaminated oysters during the depuration, whereas feline calicivirus in oysters was promptly eliminated. the prolonged observation of norovirus in oysters implies the existence of a selective retention mechanism for norovirus within oysters. | 2007 | 17630304 |