| experimental parvovirus infection in dogs. | five eight week old dogs were inoculated orally and intranasally with cell culture origin canine parvovirus. three dogs became depressed and anorectic and developed a mild (one dog) to severe diarrhea five days postinfection. the remaining dogs had subclinical infections but developed a lymphopenia followed by a transient lymphocytosis. the ill dogs developed mild (one dog) to severe neutropenia and a moderate lymphopenia. one died nine days postinfection. recovery was associated with cessation ... | 1981 | 7340906 |
| concomitant occurrence of campylobacter and parvoviruses in dogs with gastroenteritis. | in 1979 a canine parvovirus infection was widespread among dogs in sweden. during the epizootic faecal samples were taken for bacteriological examination from 77 hospitalised dogs at an animal clinic. forty-nine of the dogs had signs of gastroenteritis and they were all infected with canine parvovirus according to serological investigations. the remaining 28 dogs were referred to the clinic for other reasons. campylobacter was isolated from 23 out of the 49 dogs with gastroenteritis and from 4 o ... | 1981 | 7342413 |
| vaccination of greyhounds against canine parvovirus. | | 1980 | 7355563 |
| efficiency and safety of an inactivated feline parvovirus vaccine against canine parvovirus infection. | inactivated feline parvovirus vaccine produced in a continuous feline cell line evoked a protective canine parvovirus antibody titer and prevented virus shedding following challenge in previously seronegative puppies. post-vaccinal reactions to the vaccine were not observed in laboratory puppies vaccinated with multiple doses of vaccine or in vaccinated puppies from 5 clinics and/or animal shelters. | 1980 | 7366579 |
| a serological survey of canine parvovirus infection in new south wales, australia. | a serological survey was conducted to ascertain, by haemagglutination inhibition testing, the presence of antibodies to canine parvovirus in 428 dogs in new south wales, australia. the first positive canine serum was one collected in may 1978 and the numbers of serologically positive dogs have increased markedly over the last 18 months. twenty cats which had been vaccinated with feline panleucopenia vaccine were tested for antibody to the canine virus. none of them had a positive titre. | 1980 | 7376383 |
| canine parvoviral disease: experimental reproduction of the enteric form with a parvovirus isolated from a case of myocarditis. | five 7-week-old pups and four 4-week-old pups, all seronegative to canine parvovirus, were inoculated intravenously with 1000 haemagglutinating units of canine parvovirus originally isolated from the myocardium of a dog with naturally occurring myocarditis. after three days, pups in both litters became pyrexic, anorectic and depressed, with vomiting and diarrhoea. the 4-week-old pups were killed on day 4, and the 7-week-old pups died or were killed on day 5 post-inoculation. histological examina ... | 1980 | 7404970 |
| vaccination and canine parvovirus. | | 1980 | 7434515 |
| canine parvovirus infection. | | 1980 | 7445338 |
| demonstration by electron microscopy of parvovirus-like particles in canine parvovirus myocarditis. | | 1980 | 7445409 |
| canine parvovirus infection. | | 1980 | 7445411 |
| canine parvovirus infection in south american canids. | canine parvovirus (cpv) infections occurred in 5 of 35 south american canids at the department of conservation (dc), a breeding facility of the national zoological park in front royal, va. the clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, and vomiting. three of the affected canids survived and had high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to cpv in the recovery period. necropsy of the 2 that died revealed extensive necrosis of the intestinal mucosa; cpv particles were observed by electron micr ... | 1980 | 7451312 |
| parvovirus infection in translocated raccoons. | severe enteritis attributed to parvovirus infection was diagnosed in raccoons (procyon lotor) purchased from a commercial animal dealer for interstate translocation. intestinal lesions included edema, hyperemia, and focal mucosal necrosis. microscopically, intestinal villi were reduced markedly, and there was necrosis of the glandular crypts. intranuclear inclusions were seen in many crypt cells. a parvovirus that was infective for crandell feline kidney cells and primary canine kidney cells was ... | 1980 | 7451313 |
| experimental challenge of dogs with canine parvovirus-2. | | 1980 | 7456298 |
| canine parvovirus infection. | | 1980 | 7467093 |
| peptide vaccine against canine parvovirus: identification of two neutralization subsites in the n terminus of vp2 and optimization of the amino acid sequence. | the n-terminal domain of the major capsid protein vp2 of canine parvovirus was shown to be an excellent target for development of a synthetic peptide vaccine, but detailed information about number of epitopes, optimal length, sequence choice, and site of coupling to the carrier protein was lacking. therefore, several overlapping peptides based on this n terminus were synthesized to establish conditions for optimal and reproducible induction of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. the specificity ... | 1995 | 7474152 |
| immunological responses to polyvalent canine vaccines in dogs. | the immunological responses to commercially available polyvalent vaccines in dogs were examined. there was a tendency in decreased lymphocyte counts on day 7 in the puppy and adult dogs. there was a significant increase in the blastogenesis of lymphocytes on day 7 and 21 in puppies, whereas no significant changes were seen in the adult dogs. delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses to phytohemagglutinin (pha) and canine parvo-virus (cpv) vaccine monitored 0, 3, 8 weeks after vaccination pro ... | 1995 | 7492661 |
| characterization of the feline host range and a specific epitope of feline panleukopenia virus. | the feline parvovirus subgroup is comprised of viruses isolated from various carnivores, including the dog, cat, mink, raccoon, arctic fox, and raccoon dog. those viruses are > 98% identical in their dna sequences and are very similar antigenically. we have shown that although canine parvovirus (cpv) replicates in numerous feline cell lines in vitro it does not infect cats after parenteral inoculation (u. truyen and c. r. parrish, (1992) j. virol. 66, 5399-5408). here we use recombination mappin ... | 1994 | 7513918 |
| subunit interaction in b19 parvovirus empty capsids. | b19 parvovirus is a small single-stranded dna virus with a genome that encodes only two structural proteins, designated vp1 and vp2. 60 copies of the structural proteins assemble into the viral capsid, with approximately 95% vp2 and 5% vp1. recombinant empty capsids composed of vp2 alone or of vp2 and vp1 self-assemble into particles that are morphologically indistinguishable from full virions. empty capsids containing both vp2 and vp1 elicit a strong neutralizing antibody response when used to ... | 1994 | 7516147 |
| the structure of a neutralized virus: canine parvovirus complexed with neutralizing antibody fragment. | members of the parvovirus genus cause a variety of diseases in mammals, including humans. one of the major defences against viral infection is the presence of neutralizing antibodies that prevent virus particles from infecting target cells. the mechanism of neutralization is not well understood. we therefore studied the structure of canine parvovirus (cpv) complexed with the fab fragment of a neutralizing antibody, a3b10, using image reconstruction of electron micrographs of vitrified samples, t ... | 1994 | 7522904 |
| suppression of canine parvovirus growth in crfk cells by canine distemper virus. | the growth of canine parvovirus (cpv) in crandell feline kidney cells was suppressed when canine distemper virus (cdv) was simultaneously inoculated. the both virus antigens were found in the same cells. the synthesis of capsid protein antigen of cpv decreased in the co-inoculated cells. the growth of cdv was not affected by co-inoculation with cpv. these results suggest that the cdv showed suppressive effects on the cpv growth in cells when they are inoculated simultaneously. | 1995 | 7548414 |
| evolution of the feline-subgroup parvoviruses and the control of canine host range in vivo. | a related group of parvoviruses infects members of many different carnivore families. some of those viruses differ in host range or antigenic properties, but the true relationships are poorly understood. we examined 24 vp1/vp2 and 8 ns1 gene sequences from various parvovirus isolates to determine the phylogenetic relationships between viruses isolated from cats, dogs, asiatic raccoon dogs, mink, raccoons, and foxes. there were about 1.3% pairwise sequence differences between the vp1/vp2 genes of ... | 1995 | 7609035 |
| [case report: effect of maternal antibodies on the vaccination against canine parvovirus]. | the problem of vaccination against canine parvovirosis is discussed. in this case study the antibody titers against canine parvovirus were determined in a vaccinated bitch and her puppies and the accuracy of the estimation for the best time of vaccination is commented. | 1995 | 7624862 |
| virucidal efficacy of the newer quaternary ammonium compounds. | the virucidal activity of several disinfectants containing newer generation quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) as their active ingredients was evaluated. disinfectants were used at the manufacturers' recommended dilutions with isolates of feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and canine parvovirus, and a contact time of 10 minutes at room temperature. detoxification of virus/disinfectant solutions was done by dialysis prior to virus assay in cell cultures. two of four disinfectants completel ... | 1995 | 7634062 |
| analysis of the cell and erythrocyte binding activities of the dimple and canyon regions of the canine parvovirus capsid. | canine parvovirus (cpv) binds to a number of cell and erythrocyte receptors, some of which are involved in cell infection, while others are used for other viral functions. little is known about the regions of the virus capsid which bind to the cell receptors. cpv binds sialic acid through a region within or adjacent to the dimple on the surface of the capsid (barbis, d. p., chang, s-f., and parrish, c. r., 1992, virology 191, 301-308). in order to map the sialic acid binding site in more detail ... | 1995 | 7645206 |
| ultrastructural study of unidentified inclusions in the cornea and iridocorneal angle of dogs with pannus. | the corneas and/or the iridocorneal angles of 13 dogs were examined morphologically by use of transmission electron microscopy. virologic identification techniques also were used for tissue from 2 dogs. four dogs had clinical signs of chronic superficial keratitis or pannus, 9 dogs had normal eyes. in the tissue from 7 dogs (4 german shepherd dogs with chronic superficial keratitis; 2 german shepherd dogs and 1 mixed-breed dog with normal eyes) we found unusual cytoplasmic inclusions. inclusions ... | 1995 | 7653888 |
| pathogenesis of feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are autonomous parvoviruses which infect cats or dogs, respectively. both viruses cause an acute disease, with virus replicating for less than seven days before being cleared by the developing immune responses. the viruses have a broad tropism for mitotically active cells. in neonatal animals the viruses replicate in a large number of tissues, and fpv infection of the germinal epithelium of the cerebellum leads to cerebellar hypoplasia ... | 1995 | 7663051 |
| orthopoxvirus fusion inhibitor glycoprotein spi-3 (open reading frame k2l) contains motifs characteristic of serine proteinase inhibitors that are not required for control of cell fusion. | the cowpox virus (cpv) spi-3 gene (open reading frame k2l in vaccinia virus) is one of three orthopoxvirus genes whose products are members of the serpin (serine proteinase inhibitor) superfamily. the cpv spi-3 gene, when overexpressed by using the vaccinia virus/t7 expression system, synthesized two proteins of 50 and 48 kda. treatment with the n glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin converted the two spi-3 proteins to a single 40-kda protein, close to the size of 42 kda predicted from the dna se ... | 1995 | 7666502 |
| b-cell epitopes of canine parvovirus: distribution on the primary structure and exposure on the viral surface. | ten antigenic sites on canine parvovirus (cpv) were mapped with a complete set of overlapping nonapeptides of the capsid proteins vp1 and vp2: five of these sites were recognized by sera from cpv-infected dogs, three were recognized by a rabbit anti-cpv antiserum, and two were recognized by murine monoclonal anti-cpv antibodies. a region covering the first 21 amino-terminal amino acid residues of vp2 was recognized by three sera from infected dogs, one neutralizing rabbit antiserum, and one neut ... | 1993 | 7678305 |
| topographical analysis of canine parvovirus virions and recombinant vp2 capsids. | the distribution of epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the surface of canine parvovirus (cpv) virions and recombinant vp2-capsids was established using immunoelectron microscopy. a correlation appeared to exist between the linear position, neutralizing activity and immunogold staining. both viral capsids and recombinant capsids gave similar patterns of immunostaining. the neutralizing mabs that recognized epitopes not previously identified by pepscan or immunoblotting gave a cle ... | 1993 | 7690844 |
| detection by pcr of wild-type canine parvovirus which contaminates dog vaccines. | a method for detecting wild-type canine parvovirus (cpv) strains which contaminate vaccines for dogs has been developed by pcr. pcr primers which distinguish vaccine strains from the most common, recent strains of wild-type cpv in many countries, including japan and the united states, were developed. this pcr is based on the differences in nucleotide sequences which determine the two antigenic types of this virus. cpv vaccine strains derived from antigenically old-type virus prevalent in former ... | 1995 | 7699026 |
| effect of terminal (dry) heat treatment on non-enveloped viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. | terminal dry heat treatment effectively inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) and canine parvovirus added to high-purity factor viii. after 24 h at 80 degrees c, hav infectivity was reduced by > or = 4.3 log10 tcid50, as measured in a newly developed infectivity assay. the same reduction in virus titer was achieved after 2 h and before 6 h at 90 degrees c. inactivation of hepatitis a virus was also seen in the freeze-drying step prior to heat treatment with an approximately 2.0 log10 reduction in ... | 1994 | 7701804 |
| [canine parvovirus: recent knowledge of the origin and development of a viral pathogen]. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a "new" virus that suddenly emerged in the mid 1970s. antigenetically it is very similar to the long known feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). soon after its appearance cpv was classified as a mutant of fpv. as with all "new" viruses, cpv continues to show active evolution, obvious by the appearance of new antigenic types. interestingly, the new types, designated cpv-2a and cpv-2b, completely replaced the original type. this review summarizes the facts that are known abo ... | 1994 | 7716757 |
| comparison of isolates of canine parvovirus by restriction enzyme analysis, and vaccine efficacy against field strains. | canine parvovirus isolates from clinical cases of enteritis were obtained from the united kingdom, germany and the usa and differentiated by restriction enzyme analysis into three groups, namely cpv2, cpv2a and cpv2b. the three groups were readily identified by their hphi restriction profile. cpv2 was not prevalent in cases of canine parvovirus disease after 1986. only two cpv2 strains (original type) were found among 110 strains isolated after 1980. in europe the frequency of isolation of the c ... | 1995 | 7725611 |
| single-stranded dna-protein interactions in canine parvovirus. | parvoviruses are small icosahedral single-stranded (ss) dna viruses which replicate in rapidly proliferating cells, causing a variety of serious and often lethal diseases in mammals, including humans. the structure of canine parvovirus (cpv) showed an 11-nucleotide oligomeric fragment of its genome bound to 60 equivalent binding sites on the inside surface of the capsid. this provides an opportunity to study the conformation of ssdna, its interactions with protein, and its role in viral assembly ... | 1995 | 7735832 |
| there is nothing permanent except change. the emergence of new virus diseases. | the sudden appearance of apparently new viruses with pathogenic potential is of fundamental importance in medical microbiology and a constant threat to humans and animals. the emergence of a "new" pathogen is not an isolated event, as for instance the frequent appearance of new influenza virus strains demonstrates. often the new virus strains co-circulate with the older strains in a susceptible population, but a replacement of the older strains has been also observed. in rare instances the new v ... | 1995 | 7740750 |
| immunological responses after vaccination pre- and post-surgery in dogs. | the effects of several commercially available vaccinations pre- and post-surgery on immune responses by monitoring the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes and humoral antibody responses in dogs were examined. twenty clinical patients presented for surgery were studied. canine parvovirus (cpv) serum antibody titers increased by twofold or more in 17 of 20 dogs and many dogs had an increase by day 7. in 3 of 4 dogs moderate hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers (128 to 256) at the time of vacci ... | 1995 | 7756420 |
| serologic survey of selected canine pathogens among free-ranging jackals in kenya. | serum samples from 76 free-ranging adult jackals of three species from four localities in kenya were examined for circulating antibodies against four canine pathogens: rabies virus, canine parvovirus (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), and ehrlichia canis. samples were collected between april 1987 and january 1988. among black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas), the most sampled species, the mean prevalence of antibodies to cpv-2, cdv, rabies virus, and e. canis was 34% (14 positive/55 sampled) ... | 1994 | 7760476 |
| identification of types of canine parvovirus circulating in spain. | | 1995 | 7762129 |
| rapid method utilizing the polymerase chain reaction for detection of canine parvovirus in feces of diarrheic dogs. | by using primers based on the sequence of the vp2 gene of canine parovirus (cpv), we established a rapid and specific assay for identification of the virus from fecal specimens based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). by use of a pair of primers, a specific 226-bp sequence was amplified by the pcr. all strains of cpv tested gave a specific amplification product by the pcr, while neither porcine parovirus nor host cell did so. the pcr assay can detect fewer particles of cpv than the conventi ... | 1995 | 7785190 |
| sensitive detection of canine parvovirus dna by the nested polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) was developed. to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the reaction, the nested pcr with a double-nested primer pair (inner primer pair) was designed. the sequences of the pcr primer pairs were selected from the conserved region in the cpv vp1/vp2 gene. the pcr with the outer or inner primer pair alone (single pcr) could detect 10 fg of viral replicative form (rf) dna on agarose gel electrophoresis; whereas as ... | 1994 | 7801517 |
| a comparison of canine distemper vaccine and measles vaccine for the prevention of canine distemper in young puppies. | two groups of six-week-old beagle puppies were vaccinated with either high titre canine distemper virus or human measles virus, a third group remaining unvaccinated. all the puppies were subsequently challenged by the nasopharyngeal route at 10 weeks old with the virulent snyder-hill strain of canine distemper. severe clinical signs were observed in 90 per cent of the unvaccinated dogs but both groups of vaccinated dogs survived the challenge. high temperatures were recorded in 20 per cent of th ... | 1994 | 7846822 |
| restriction of vaccinia virus replication in cho cells occurs at the stage of viral intermediate protein synthesis. | vaccina virus (vv) and cowpox virus (cpv) differ in their abilities to replicate in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells because vv has a disrupted host range (hr) gene. to facilitate an examination of the molecular events associated with abortive infection of cho cells with vv, we constructed two sets of recombinant viruses that contain a viral early promoter regulating the cat gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and viral intermediate or late promoters regulating the lacz gene encodin ... | 1995 | 7856109 |
| symmetric-strand packaging of recombinant parvovirus luiii genomes that retain only the terminal regions. | luiii is an autonomous parvovirus which encapsidates either strand of its genome with similar efficiency in nb324k cells. two parvoviruses closely related to luiii, minute virus of mice (mvm) and h-1 virus, encapsidate primarily the minus strand of their genome when grown in the same cell type. it has been postulated that an at-rich region unique to luiii is responsible for symmetric encapsidation of plus- and minus-strand genomes by luiii. to address this hypothesis, recombinant luiii-luciferas ... | 1995 | 7884925 |
| effective induction of neutralizing antibodies with the amino terminus of vp2 of canine parvovirus as a synthetic peptide. | fourteen synthetic peptides corresponding to previously mapped antigenic sites in vp2 of canine parvovirus (cpv) were used for immunization of rabbits to identify antiviral properties favourable for inclusion into a vaccine. most antipeptide antisera obtained were reactive with viral protein, and with one of them it was possible to locate the hypothetical amino terminus of vp3 within positions 15-31 of vp2. virus-neutralizing antibodies were only obtained with two overlapping 15-mer peptides cor ... | 1994 | 7887026 |
| intranasal vaccination of pups with maternally derived antibodies with a modified live canine parvovirus. | the modified live canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine was used to vaccinate intranasally twenty-five pups with maternal antibody. the vaccine was able to overcome the interference of maternal immunity in rates of 100%, 72.7% and 17.6% in pups with haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre of 40, 80 and 160 respectively. | 1994 | 7941844 |
| evaluation of a novel diagnostic test for canine parvovirus. | the cpv elisa detection kit (csl ltd., melbourne australia) was developed as a rapid field test for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in canine faecal samples. the kit utilises a novel concept in enzyme immunoassay (elisa) where the conjugate is lyophilised along with the solid-phase capture antibody in the test well. the cpv elisa was compared to the haemagglutination assay (ha) test using electron microscopy (em) and/or virus isolation (vi) to confirm infection. the cpv elisa ha ... | 1994 | 7975154 |
| identification of a 40- to 42-kda attachment polypeptide for canine parvovirus in a72 cells. | the attachment of canine parvovirus (cpv) to different cell lines was quantitated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter assay. the viral attachment was observed to both permissive a72 and nonpermissive st cells but not to nonpermissive mdbk cells. the binding of and infectivity for cpv to a72 cells was reduced upon prior treatment of cells with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase or lectins, specific for sialic acid. similarly, treatment of cells with any of several proteases reduced virus binding; ... | 1994 | 7975239 |
| detection of canine parvovirus dna in paraffin-embedded tissues by polymerase chain reaction. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is seemingly a 'new' virus which suddenly appeared during the mid-1970's in an epizootic of disease in dogs. the virus is very similar to the feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and recent studies have underlined the possible emergence of cpv as a variant of a virus from some other carnivore--possibly from fpv (parrish, 1990). several conserved amino-acid changes between cpv and fpv isolates have been defined by cloning and sequencing the capsid-protein gene. an alternative ... | 1994 | 7985432 |
| the spi-1 gene of rabbitpox virus determines host range and is required for hemorrhagic pock formation. | wild-type rabbitpox virus (rpv) and cowpox virus (cpv) produce red hemorrhagic lesions or pocks upon infection of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. however, white, nonhemorrhagic pock variants arise spontaneously within wild-type (wt) populations of either virus at a frequency of about 1%, reflective of complex deletions/rearrangements in the termini of the viral dna. a subpopulation of the rpv white-pock mutants fail to plaque on pig kidney (pk-1 ... | 1994 | 8009842 |
| serologic response of pups to the low-passage, modified-live canine parvovirus-2 component in a combination vaccine. | thirty pups from a general pet population were vaccinated for canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), using a low-passage, modified-live cpv-2 in a combination vaccine, every 3 weeks until the pups were between 11 and 18 weeks old. canine parvovirus-2 antibody titers were measured by means of serum neutralization (sn) immediately before each vaccination and > or = 2 weeks after final vaccination. thirteen pups that were initially seronegative (sn titer < 2 for cpv-2) developed protective titers (sn titer > ... | 1994 | 8014088 |
| [detection by pcr of genomic markers in canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus]. | the ns1 and vp1/vp2 genes of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the restriction cleavage patterns of the amplified dna fragments were compared among these parvoviruses including vaccine strains. differences of the restriction site in the ns1 portions were observed between the vaccine strain and the wild type strain as well as between canine parvoviruses and feline panleukopenia viruses. the restriction patterns of feline panleu ... | 1993 | 8019925 |
| serologic investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (canis lupus) pup mortalities. | twenty-one serum samples from 18 wolves (canis lupus) were collected from 1985 to 1990 from northwestern montana (usa) and southeastern british columbia, canada, and evaluated for antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper (cd), infectious canine hepatitis, and lyme disease; we found prevalences of 13 (65%) of 19, five (29%) of 17, seven (36%) of 19, and 0 of 20 wolves for these diseases, respectively. pups died or disappeared in three of the eight packs studied. in these three pack ... | 1994 | 8028116 |
| the structure of human parvovirus b19 at 8 a resolution. | empty capsids of the human parvovirus b19, self-assembled in a baculovirus expression system, have been crystallized in a cubic space group p2(1)3 with a = 362 a. in spite of extensive purifications, the crystals diffract x-rays to only 8.0 a resolution. diffraction data were collected using oscillation photography with synchrotron radiation. the orientations of the particles in the unit cell were determined with a self-rotation function and their positions were obtained with an r-factor search ... | 1994 | 8030266 |
| analysis of the c-polyhedrin genes from different geographical isolates of a type 5 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. | the c-polyhedrin genes of two different geographic isolates of a type 5 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) were cloned. a cpv infecting orgyia pseudotsugata (opcpv), isolated in the pacific northwest of the u.s.a., and a cpv infecting heliothis armigera, isolated in south africa, were studied. both genes were found to be 883 nucleotides in length and encoded a predicted protein of 246 residues (m(r) of 28,890). comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these two viruses with another type 5 geo ... | 1994 | 8046399 |
| minute virus of canines (mvc, canine parvovirus type-1): pathogenicity for pups and seroprevalence estimate. | minute virus of canines (mvc, canine parvovirus type-1) caused inapparent to severe illness in neonatal specific-pathogen-free pups exposed by the oronasal route. the experimental disease was generally mild. four of 21 infected pups had clinical signs of respiratory illness, but only 2 pups, not euthanized during the early postinoculation period, developed severe illness or died. principal pathologic changes included bronchitis and interstitial pneumonia with various degrees of lymphadenitis. in ... | 1994 | 8068747 |
| characterization of canine parvovirus (cpv) interactions with 3201 t cells: involvement of gpi-anchored protein(s) in binding and infection. | binding of canine parvovirus (cpv) to the susceptible feline t cell line 3201 was quantitated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (facs) analysis. cpv bound to the cells in a dose-dependent manner, while no binding to the non-permissive msb-1 avian lymphoma cell line was detected. binding could be competitively inhibited by addition of excess unlabeled empty capsids, or by pre-incubation of virus with a cpv-specific monoclonal antibody. to characterize the biochemical nature of this binding, l ... | 1994 | 8081256 |
| multigenic evasion of inflammation by poxviruses. | analyses of different cowpox virus (brighton red strain [cpv-br]) mutants indicate that there is a minimum of three genes encoded by cpv-br that are nonessential for virus replication in tissue culture but are involved in inhibiting the generation of an inflammatory response in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (cam) model. the cpv-br-encoded anti-inflammatory genes include the gene encoding the 38-kda protein (also called 38k, crma, spi-2, or vv-wr-orf-b13r), a tumor necrosis factor r ... | 1994 | 8107235 |
| antigenic and genomic variabilities among recently prevalent parvoviruses of canine and feline origin in japan. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia (flp) virus (fplv) are well known and ubiquitous diarrhea-causing pantropic viruses. a "new" antigenic variant of cpv-2 (designated as cpv-2a) has been also prevalent among dogs in japan. in the present study, 24 canine and 8 feline isolates collected during 1987-1991 were compared with 17 cpv-2 or cpv-2a and 7 fplv strains that had been characterized previously. genomic properties were determined by the restriction cleavage patterns of a ... | 1993 | 8128593 |
| serologic survey of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), and domestic dogs and cats in the wolong reserve, china. | sera from captive and recently rescued giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the wolong reserve, china, were examined by serum neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition for antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus (chv), pseudorabies virus (prv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav), and canine parvovirus (cpv). serum samples from village domestic dogs and cats, which run free throughout the reserve also were examined. antibodies against cpv were ... | 1994 | 8151830 |
| [immunopathogenesis of virus diseases of cats and dogs]. | immunopathological reactions may determine the pathogenesis of some viral infections of cats and dogs. three pathomechanisms may aggravate the viral disease or may ultimately cause death. some viruses cause transient or persistent immunosuppression (feline immunodeficiency, feline leukemia, feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus). in other viral infections cells and tissues are destroyed as a sequela of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions (demyelinating encephal ... | 1994 | 8165663 |
| mapping of determinants of the host range for canine cells in the genome of canine parvovirus using canine parvovirus/mink enteritis virus chimeric viruses. | feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are more than 98% similar in dna and predicted amino acid sequences, but they show different host-cell specificities; cpv is able to replicate in canine cells in culture, whereas fplv and mev cannot or replicate only to a low titre. to map the genomic region responsible for the host range of cpv in vitro, cpv/mev chimeric viruses were generated by transfecting infectious cpv/mev chimeric plasmids into a cul ... | 1994 | 8207398 |
| first peptide vaccine providing protection against viral infection in the target animal: studies of canine parvovirus in dogs. | a synthetic peptide vaccine which protects dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus is described. the amino acid sequence used was discovered in previous studies on the immunogenic properties of previously mapped antigenic sites and represents the amino-terminal region of viral protein vp2. as with marker vaccines, it is possible to discriminate between vaccinated dogs that have not been exposed to the virus and dogs that have been infected with the virus. the protective mechanism ... | 1994 | 8207825 |
| the effects of serpin gene mutations on the distinctive pathobiology of cowpox and rabbitpox virus following intranasal inoculation of balb/c mice. | intranasal infection of balb/c mice with 106 plaque forming units (pfu) of wild-type cowpox virus (cpv) and rabbitpox virus (rpv) induced strikingly different pulmonary pathology despite nearly identical clinical signs of illness and ld50. intranasal infection with cpv induced severe peribronchial, peribronchiolar, and perivascular hemorrhage with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cell hyperplasia with intracytoplasmic acidophilic inclusion bodies, and al ... | 1993 | 8212568 |
| serologic survey for selected viral and rickettsial agents of brown bears (ursus arctos) in croatia. | sera from 22 (13 wild and nine captive) european brown bears (ursus arctos) from croatia were tested to 18 viral and rickettsial agents. serologic evidence of exposure was found to the following agents (number positive/number examined): bhanja virus (3/15), tahyna virus (3/15), west nile virus (4/15), naples sandfly fever virus (1/15), human adenovirus (1/22), influenza a (1/22) and b (1/22) virus, cytomegalovirus (1/22), parainfluenza virus 1 (2/22), chlamydia psittaci (1/22), coxiella burnetii ... | 1993 | 8258856 |
| two dominant neutralizing antigenic determinants of canine parvovirus are found on the threefold spike of the virus capsid. | the 25-nm diameter parvovirus capsid is assembled from 60 copies of a sequence common to the overlapping vp1 and vp2 proteins. here we examine the epitope specificity's of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and raccoon-dog parvovirus or blue (arctic) fox parvovirus. comparing the reactivity of those mab with various mab-selected escape mutants, or with natural variants of cpv or mink enteritis virus (mev) which differ at kno ... | 1994 | 8259653 |
| expression in escherichia coli of the cloned polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. | cloned cdna of genomic segment 10 of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was placed downstream from the lambda pl promoter in expression plasmid prc23 and expressed in escherichia coli cells. a polypeptide of the same molecular weight (28 kda) as natural polyhedrin was synthesized at the level of approximately 10% of total host cell protein. this polypeptide was identified as cpv polyhedrin (r-polyhedrin) after comparative studies. the r-polyhedrin did not form any crystalline struc ... | 1993 | 8286955 |
| the canine parvovirus empty capsid structure. | the structure of empty canine parvovirus capsids shows that residues 37 to the carboxy-terminal residue 584 (vp2 numbering) are ordered in each of the 60 subunits. the central structural motif of each subunit is the eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel that has been found in many other virus structures. five beta-hairpin turns form a beta-cylindrical structure at each icosahedral 5-fold axis. the n-terminal glycine-rich sequence can be accommodated within this cylinder without excessive steri ... | 1993 | 8377200 |
| comparison of promoter activity in aleutian mink disease parvovirus, minute virus of mice, and canine parvovirus: possible role of weak promoters in the pathogenesis of aleutian mink disease parvovirus infection. | aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) infection causes both acute and chronic disease in mink, and we have previously shown that it is the level of viral gene expression that determines the disease pattern. to study the gene regulation of adv, we have cloned the p3 adv and p36 adv promoters in front of a reporter gene, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene, and analyzed these constructs by transient transfection in a feline kidney cell line and mouse nih 3t3 cells. the genes for adv ... | 1993 | 8383215 |
| cis-acting sequences in the aleutian mink disease parvovirus late promoter important for transcription: comparison to the canine parvovirus and minute virus of mice. | we are currently investigating the regulation of transcription of the aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv). adv causes a chronic immune complex-mediated condition known as classical aleutian disease, characterized by slow viral replication. this slow replication is an intrinsic property of adv and distinguishes it from the more prototypic parvoviruses such as minute virus of mice (mvm) and canine parvovirus (cpv). we have previously suggested a role for the weak adv promoters in the slow repli ... | 1993 | 8383216 |
| canine parvovirus effect on wolf population change and pup survival. | canine parvovirus infected wild canids more than a decade ago, but no population effect has been documented. in wild minnesota wolves (canis lupus) over a 12-yr period, the annual percent population increase and proportion of pups each were inversely related to the percentage of wolves serologically positive to the disease. although these effects did not seem to retard this large extant population, similar relationships in more isolated wolf populations might hinder recovery of this endangered a ... | 1993 | 8387611 |
| canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus is a truly new pathogen of dogs that emerged in the late 1970s. initially seen as epidemic disease in all dogs, parvoviral enteritis is now primarily a disease of 1- to 6-month-old dogs. maternal antibody interference with immunization accounts for the vast majority of vaccine "breaks." molecular virologic methods have revealed continued evolution of the virus, but this appears to be of greater academic than practical interest. clinical diagnosis can be definitive in fulminant ... | 1993 | 8389070 |
| a revised hindiii map and sequence analysis of a large 'left-hand' non-essential region of the rabbit poxvirus genome. | sequence analysis of a 21.5 kb region of the left-hand non-essential region of rabbit poxvirus (rpv) was performed to analyze the structure and gene organization of this region. initial mapping and cloning studies revealed that the early published hindiii maps are incorrect in that the location of the terminal hindiii b and c fragments, as previously published, are reversed. the sequence of this region was compared to similar regions of several strains of vaccinia virus. the results indicate tha ... | 1993 | 8391191 |
| structure determination of feline panleukopenia virus empty particles. | various crystal forms of the single-stranded dna, feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), a parvovirus, have been grown of both full virions and empty particles. the structure of empty particles crystallized in an orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions a = 380.1 a, b = 379.3 a, and c = 350.9 a, has been determined to 3.3 a resolution. the data were collected using oscillation photography with synchrotron radiation. the orientations of the empty capsids in the unit cell were ... | 1993 | 8392729 |
| [nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mink enteritis virus]. | this paper reports the sequence of the cloned mink enteritis virus (mev) rf dna and its 3' end and 5' end structure predicted. mev genome is near 5064 nucleotides (nt) in length. in its 5' end non-coding region, there are three 51 nt repeated sequences. the nucleotide sequence of mev genome has very high homology with those of canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline parvovirus (fpv), reaching 99.1% and 99.9% respectively in the structure gene region. but they differ notably in 5' end non-coding regio ... | 1993 | 8396953 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction with virus isolation and haemagglutination assays for the detection of canine parvoviruses in faecal specimens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, which specifically amplifies the capsid gene of canine parvovirus (cpv), was compared as a diagnostic method for detecting cpv in faeces, with virus isolation (vi) on crandell feline kidney (crfk) or madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, and a faecal haemagglutination (ha) assay confirmed by inhibition with a cpv-specific antiserum. although a false-negative result was obtained in one of 59 faecal samples (1.7 per cent) tested by the pcr assay, it was a ... | 1993 | 8397433 |
| structure, sequence, and function correlations among parvoviruses. | the capsid protein sequences of 10 representative parvoviruses were aligned against the sequence and three-dimensional structure of canine parvovirus (cpv). the structure of cpv was then analyzed after mapping onto it position-dependent sequence similarity scores and the locations of residues that are phenotypically important in other parvoviruses. antigenicity is primarily associated with external exposed loops of high sequence variability. amino acids in the canyon, a surface depression encirc ... | 1993 | 8503170 |
| construction of an infectious dna clone of the y1 strain of canine parvovirus and characterization of the virus derived from the clone. | we have cloned genome fragments of canine parvovirus strain y1 from replicative-form dna and double-stranded dna synthesized from virion dna in vitro, and constructed a recombinant plasmid containing a full-length y1 genome (pcpvy 1). when this recombinant plasmid was transfected into cell cultures, an infectious virus could be recovered. to characterize this pcpvy 1-derived virus, its biological properties were compared with those of the parental strain. no difference was observed between them ... | 1993 | 8517788 |
| full protection in mink against mink enteritis virus with new generation canine parvovirus vaccines based on synthetic peptide or recombinant protein. | two recently developed vaccine--one based on synthetic peptide and one based on recombinant capsid protein--fully protected dogs against heavy experimental canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. the high sequence homology ( > 98%) and antigenic similarity between cpv and mink enteritis virus (mev), feline panleukopenia virus, and raccoon parvovirus, suggest that both vaccines could protect mink, cats and raccoons against these respective host range variants. this was tested in mink and turned out to ... | 1995 | 8525686 |
| evolution of canine parvovirus involved loss and gain of feline host range. | canine parvovirus (cpv) type-2 emerged as a new virus infecting dogs in 1978, and it was probably derived as a variant of feline panleukopenia virus or of a closely related virus infecting another carnivore. cpv type-2 was subsequently replaced in nature by antigenically variant viruses (cpv type-2a and cpv type-2b) which now coexist in dog populations worldwide. we show that cpv type-2 isolates did not replicate in cats, but that both cpv type-2a and cpv type-2b isolates replicated efficiently. ... | 1996 | 8560765 |
| [rapid enzymatic test for diagnosis of parvovirus infections in dogs]. | in this study 52 canine fecal samples were examined for the presence of canine parvovirus (cpv). the two different test systems used to confirm infection were electron microscopy as standard method and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in comparison, the results conferred in 92.3%. the cpv elisa had a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 100%. therefore, it can be used as a quick, reliable method for diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in veterinary practice. | 1995 | 8578577 |
| vaccination of racing greyhounds: effects on humoral and cellular immunity. | greyhound kennel owners frequently employ multiple vaccination schedules in an attempt to reduce financial losses incurred as a result of infectious diseases. in order to determine the effects of multiple vaccination schedules on the immune system of racing greyhounds, three litters of greyhound pups raised in laboratory conditions were divided into two groups and subjected to either a maximum or a minimum vaccination schedule. blood samples were collected biweekly for 6 months beginning at 2 we ... | 1995 | 8588333 |
| intranasal vaccination of pups in the presence of maternally derived antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv). evaluation of minimal immunizing dose. | the results of the intranasal vaccination of pups in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (mda) to canine parvovirus (cpv) are reported. the minimal immunising dose of the modified live virus vaccine was evaluated in eighteen pups from three litters. eight pups were vaccinated intranasally with 10(5.50) tcid50/ml of cpv vaccine. another 8 pups were vaccinated with 10(4.50) tcid50/ml of cpv vaccine and the other 2 pups were vaccinated with 10(3.50) tcid50/ml of cpv vaccine. the vaccine i ... | 1995 | 8590389 |
| changes in lymphoproliferation and dth responses after vaccination immediately before surgery in puppies. | to clarify the effects of the presurgical vaccination canine parvovirus vaccine (cpv) on immunological responses to surgery in puppies, we assessed it by measuring the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes and delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses after laparotomy in the non- and vaccinated puppies. the inhalation anesthetic used was isoflurane or halothane. in post-surgery, the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes in the non-vaccinated puppies decreased, especially, those in these puppie ... | 1995 | 8593299 |
| differentiation of wild- and vaccine-type canine parvoviruses by pcr and restriction-enzyme analysis. | the polymerase-chain reaction (pcr) and restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to differentiate the wild- and vaccine-type of canine parvovirus (cpv) in japan. the entire coding region of the cpv genome was enzymatically amplified, and the pcr products of three wild strains and four vaccine strains were analysed using rflp assay. then, two polymorphic regions in the vp1/vp2 gene were selected to generate strain-specific rflp patterns. by using four restriction enzymes ... | 1995 | 8594846 |
| risk factors associated with parvovirus enteritis in dogs: 283 cases (1982-1991). | to determine breed, sex, and seasonal predisposition for development of canine parvovirus (cpv) enteritis in dogs. | 1996 | 8603904 |
| a simple touch-down polymerase chain reaction for the detection of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus in feces. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay is described for the detection of parvovirus in feces of dogs and cats. a touch-down protocol was used which enabled the specific amplification of virion dna from feces after a fast and simple boiling pretreatment. the sensitivity of pcr was as high as ten infectious particles per reaction which corresponds to a titer of about 10(3) infectious particles per gram of unprocessed feces. this renders the pcr about 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than electron m ... | 1995 | 8609207 |
| pancytopenia associated with administration of captopril to a dog. | an 11-year-old castrated male dachshund was determined to have pancytopenia on the basis of results of cbc and bone marrow cytologic examination. pancytopenia was believed to have resulted from administration of captopril, which had been administered for treatment of chronic mitral insufficiency, because other causes of pancytopenia were not found. treatment consisted of discontinuing captopril and stimulating the bone marrow with recombinant human erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulati ... | 1996 | 8641950 |
| genome organization of the kresse strain of porcine parvovirus: identification of the allotropic determinant and comparison with those of nadl-2 and field isolates. | the kresse strain of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was cloned into puc19, and independent infectious clones were sequenced. the ppv kresse and nadl-2 strains, which have different pathogenicities, shared an identical genomic organization and a high degree of sequence identity. partial genomes (1.5 or 1.6 kb) of 15 field isolates were also amplified by pcr in regions with significant sequence differences between the laboratory strains. five amino acid differences were consistently present within the v ... | 1996 | 8642680 |
| antigenic types of canine parvoviruses prevailing in taiwan. | | 1996 | 8735265 |
| comparison of isolates of canine parvovirus by monoclonal antibody and restriction enzyme analysis. | | 1996 | 8736503 |
| antigenic type distribution among canine parvoviruses in dogs and cats in germany. | | 1996 | 8737265 |
| species specificity for transduction of cultured cells by a recombinant luiii rodent parvovirus genome encapsidated by canine parvovirus or feline panleukopenia virus. | we previously reported that a recombinant genome derived from the autonomous rodent parvovirus luiii could be pseudotyped with capsids of the closely related viruses, h1 and minute virus of mice. to determine whether this was also possible with less related viruses, luiii recombinant genomes containing a luciferase reporter were cotransfected into permissive cells together with plasmids expressing the capsid proteins of either feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) or its host range variant, canine pa ... | 1996 | 8760427 |
| identification of domains in canine parvovirus vp2 essential for the assembly of virus-like particles. | canine parvovirus capsids are composed of 60 copies of vp2 and 6 to 10 copies of vpl. to locate essential sites of interaction between vp2 monomers, we have analyzed the effects of a number of vp2 deletion mutants representing the amino terminus and the four major loops of the surface, using as an assay the formation of virus-like particles (vlps) expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. for the amino terminus we constructed three mutants with progressively larger deletions, i.e., 9, 14, and 24 a ... | 1996 | 8764053 |
| [evolution of canine parvovirus: loss and gain of the feline host]. | canine parvovirus is a newly emerged virus that was first isolated in 1978. as with all new viruses cpv continues to show active evolution, demonstrated by the appearance of new antigenic types. these new types termed cpv-2a and cpv-2b have replaced the original type cpv-2 throughout the world. the reason for the evolutionary advantage of the new viruses was most likely the acquisition of a new host, the cat. the new types are in contrast to cpv-2 able to infect and replicate in cats. interestin ... | 1996 | 8767195 |
| geographic distribution of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infection in douglas-fir tussock moth larvae, orgyia pseudotsugata, in british columbia | we have examined the geographic distribution and prevalence of insect-specific viral infections in douglas-fir tussock moth populations in british columbia. nucleic acids extracted from field collected egg masses from 10 different locations in british columbia were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and southern blot analysis. electrophoresis of nucleic acids after digestion with rnase a at high and low ionic strengths showed that the extra bands detected in agarose gels were double-strand ... | 1996 | 8812604 |
| isolation of canine parvovirus from a cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia. | twenty-seven feline parvovirus (fpv) isolates were recovered from cats clinically diagnosed with feline panleukopenia (fpl) for assessing antigenic and genomic properties of fpl viruses (fplv) recently prevalent among cats in japan. all isolates, with the exception of one novel isolate, fpv-314, possessed homologous properties, and their subgroups in fpvs were identified as fplv. the fpv-314 isolate, which was from a 1.5-year-old cat which manifested clinical signs of fpl and died on the 13th da ... | 1996 | 8862565 |
| canine parvovirus binds to multiple cellular membrane proteins from both permissive and nonpermissive cell lines. | for identification of canine parvovirus (cpv) binding protein, the sds-solubilized cell membrane fraction from a permissive cell line. crpk, was subjected to the virus overlay protein blot assay (vopba). competitive inhibition experiments showed the presence of multiple cpv-binding proteins with molecular masses of 36, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, and 23 kda. cpv-binding proteins of same molecular masses were also detected in membrane fractions from nonpermissive, as well as other permissive, cell li ... | 1996 | 8870189 |
| the amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus spheroidin gene is improperly transcribed in vertebrate poxviruses. | the amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (amepv) spheroidin is the most highly expressed late viral gene product in infected insect cells. however, when a cassette containing the spheroidin gene and putative promoter was inserted into cowpox (cpv) or vaccinia viruses, only very low levels of spheroldin gene expression were observed. primer extension analysis suggests much lower spheroidin gene transcript levels than seen either for the highly expressed cpv a-type inclusion gene or for the spheroidin ge ... | 1996 | 8874503 |
| detection of canine parvovirus antigens with antibodies to synthetic peptides. | antibodies produced in rabbits against an 18-amino acid peptide (peptide 1, nslpqsegatnfgdigvp) of capsid protein vp2/residues 292-309 of canine parvovirus (cpv) or against an 18-amino acid peptide (peptide 2, gkrntvlfhgpastkgks) of nonstructural protein ns1/residues 391-409 of cpv identified, in immunofluorescence analysis, viral antigens in canine a 72 cells infected with cpv. antibodies to peptide 2 also identified viral antigens in bovine cells infected with bovine parvovirus. in western blo ... | 1996 | 8893795 |
| latex agglutination test for canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus (cpv) was detected in faeces from dogs with diarrhoea by a specific slide agglutination test using latex particles coated with anti-cpv monoclonal antibody (la-anti-cpv). the agglutination of la-anti-cpv with cpv on a glass slide was evident macroscopically within 2 min. the sensitivity of the latex agglutination (la) test was similar to that of the hemagglutination test. the la test is available for the rapid diagnosis of cpv infection at an animal hospital. | 1996 | 8893991 |