| growth and infectivity assays of the israeli vaccine strain of fowl poxvirus in chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the israeli vaccine strain of fowl poxvirus grows efficiently in chicken embryo fibroblasts but not in cell lines derived from monkey kidney or human fibroblasts. we developed two assays for the titration of the infectivity of this virus in secondary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts. the first is a focus assay, in which minimum essential medium and seakem me agarose were used for the overlay media. under these conditions, clear virus foci appeared after 5 days of incubation at 37 c. the se ... | 2002 | 11922352 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of a poxvirus isolate from ostriches. | avian poxvirus was isolated from nodules on the heads and conjunctiva of two 3-to-4-wk-old ostrich chicks. the ostriches from which poxvirus was isolated had been placed on premises where turkeys that had shown evidence of poxvirus infection had been raised earlier. microscopically, the nodules from the ostriches were composed of proliferating and hypertrophic epithelial cells that formed large fronds. most of the hypertrophic epithelial cells contained large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclus ... | 2002 | 12061654 |
| induction of a strong hiv-specific cd8+ t cell response in mice using a fowlpox virus vector expressing an hiv-1 multi-ctl-epitope polypeptide. | recombinant avipoxvirus vectors are attractive candidates for use in vaccination strategies for infections such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), where induction of a cd8+ t cell response is thought to be an important component of protective immunity. here, we report the expression of a multiepitope polypeptide (tab9) composed of the central 15 amino acids of the v3 loop from six different isolates of hiv-1 in a fowlpox virus (fwpv) vector, and the use of this vector (fptab9lz) to ... | 2002 | 12081016 |
| cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome in escherichia coli and recovery of infectious virus in mammalian cells. | the ability to manipulate the vaccinia virus (vac) genome, as a plasmid in bacteria, would greatly facilitate genetic studies and provide a powerful alternative method of making recombinant viruses. vac, like other poxviruses, has a linear, double-stranded dna genome with covalently closed hairpin ends that are resolved from transient head-to-head and tail-to-tail concatemers during replication in the cytoplasm of infected cells. our strategy to construct a nearly 200,000-bp vac-bacterial artifi ... | 2002 | 12196634 |
| identification and characterization of three immunodominant structural proteins of fowlpox virus. | genes encoding fowlpox virus (fwpv) structural proteins have been identified mainly by sequence homology with those from vaccinia virus (vacv), but little is known about the encoded proteins. production of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against poxine and hp1-440 (munich) clone fp9 allowed the identification of three immunodominant fwpv proteins: the 39-kda core protein (encoded by fpv168, homologous to vacv a4l), a 30- and 35-kda protein doublet, and an abundant 63-kda protein. the 30- and 35-kda ... | 2002 | 12208962 |
| field trial in commercial broilers with a multivalent in ovo vaccine comprising a mixture of live viral vaccines against marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, newcastle disease, and fowl pox. | a multivalent in ovo vaccine (miv) was tested for safety and efficacy in a commercial broiler complex. the miv comprised five replicating live viruses including serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of marek's disease virus (mdv), an intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and a recombinant fowl poxvirus (fpv) vector vaccine containing hn and f genes of newcastle disease virus (ndv). the performance of miv-vaccinated broilers was compared with that of hatchmates that received turkey herpesvirus (hvt ... | 2002 | 12243525 |
| generation of recombinant fowlpox virus using the non-essential f11l orthologue as insertion site and a rapid transient selection strategy. | avipoxviruses show an abortive replication phenotype in mammalian cells and are under evaluation as safe vectors for vaccination. non-essential gene sequences located in highly conserved regions of virus genomes are considered particularly useful to integrate heterologous dna. fowlpox virus f11l orthologue is described in this paper as a suitable locus for insertion into fowlpox virus genome. disruption of the f11l coding sequence by integration of an expression cassette for the escherichia coli ... | 2002 | 12367739 |
| presence of avipoxvirus dna in avian dermal squamous cell carcinoma. | dermal squamous cell carcinoma (dscc; avian keratoacanthoma) is a neoplastic skin lesion of broiler chickens of unknown aetiology. in previous studies, the possibility of the involvement of pox viruses in the cause of dscc was considered. in this work, a sensitive and specific nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol was developed that could amplify a 419 base pair dna fragment of fowlpox virus with a detection limit of less than one infectious unit. fowlpox virus dna was always detected ... | 2002 | 12396347 |
| effect of promoters on cellular immune response induced by recombinant fowlpox virus expressing multi-epitope polypeptides from hiv-1. | hiv stimulates strong immune cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) response in infected people, despite causing an immunodeficiency. it has been demonstrated that this response could be very important for the control of the virus. we have shown previously that a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfwpv), expressing the multi-epitope polypeptide (mep) from hiv-1 tab9, induces strong and protective th1 and ctl responses in balb/c mice. here, we have studied the ctl response against meps tab9 and cr3 after ... | 2002 | 12452800 |
| vaccine-based therapy directed against carcinoembryonic antigen demonstrates antitumor activity on spontaneous intestinal tumors in the absence of autoimmunity. | by virtue of its tissue-specific expression, carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) is an important self, tumor-associated antigen, which is expressed by different human adenocarcinomas and also serves as a target for active-specific immunotherapy. similar to humans, cea expression in mice transgenic for the human cea gene (cea.tg) occurs predominantly along the gastrointestinal tract. cea.tg mice were crossed with mice bearing a mutation in the apc gene (min mice), and the cea.tg/min progeny developed ... | 2002 | 12460911 |
| an interferon-gamma-binding protein of novel structure encoded by the fowlpox virus. | poxviruses have evolved various strategies to counteract the host immune response, one of which is based on the expression of soluble cytokine receptors. using various biological assays, we detected a chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma)-neutralizing activity in supernatants of fowlpox virus (fpv)-infected cells that could be destroyed by trypsin treatment. secreted viral proteins were purified by affinity chromatography using matrix-immobilized chifn-gamma, followed by two-dimensional gel ele ... | 2003 | 12486029 |
| construction and immunogenicity studies of recombinant fowl poxvirus containing the s1 gene of massachusetts 41 strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike 1 (s1) surface glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the major inducer of the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, and the administration of purified s1 has been shown to elicit a protective immune response against virulent virus challenge. on the basis of these observations, recombinant fowl poxvirus (rfpv) containing a cdna copy of the s1 gene of ibv mass 41 (rfpv-s1) was constructed and its immunogenicity and vaccine potential were evaluated. initially, rfpv-s ... | 2002 | 12495043 |
| [construction and identification of recombinant fowlpox virus for expressing haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus strain f48e8]. | for the construction of transfer vector pfghn1175-1, the gene encoding haemagglutinin-neuraminidase(hn) glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus(ndv) strain f48e8 was removed from plasmid pgemhn, and inserted into the hindiii site of insertion vector pfg1175-1, downstream of p7.5 promotor. chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell cultures which had been infected with fowlpox virus (fpv) chinese vaccine strain 282e4 for 3-4 hours were transfected with pfghn1175-1 plasmid dna by liposomal transfection. ... | 1998 | 12549399 |
| [cloning of glycoprotein b gene from strain rispens of marek's disease virus and construction of recombinant fowlpox virus]. | purified dnas from chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures infected with mdv strain rispens were used as templates. specific fragment with the size of about 2.9 kb was successfully amplified through polymerase chain reaction(pcr) and identified to be gb gene of mdv by dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled mdv gb specific oligonucleotide probe. the gb gene from strain rispens was cloned into puc19 and fpv insertion vector pfg1175-1 to construct plasmid pmgb and pfgbr1775-1 respectiv ... | 1999 | 12555423 |
| [recombinant fowlpox virus expressing ha from subtype h9n2 of avian influenza virus and its protective immunity against homologous challenge in chickens]. | the hemagglutinin (ha) gene from the aiv, a/chicken/china/f/1998(h9n2), was amplified with the rt-pcr technique and directionally inserted into transferring vector 1175, resulted in recombinant transferring vector 1175ha. in order to generate recombinant fowlpox virus expressing ha(rfpv-ha), the recombinant transferring vector 1175ha was used to transfect the chicken embryo fibroblasts(cef) pre-infected with wide type fowlpox virus. then, by selection of blue plaques on the cef overlaid with aga ... | 2002 | 12557550 |
| recognition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins by bovine cd8+ t lymphocytes. | cd8+ t lymphocytes play a major role in the clearance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), an important respiratory pathogen of young calves that shares many of the epidemiological and pathological features of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in infants. recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv), expressing individual brsv proteins, were used to demonstrate that the f, n and m2 proteins were the major antigens recognized by bovine cd8+ t cells in majo ... | 2003 | 12562331 |
| identification and characterization of fowlpox virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | the use of 2 monoclonal antibodies (mabs), p1d9 and p2d4, which recognize different fowlpox virus (fpv) antigens, for the identification and characterization of fpv strains was evaluated. initially, the mabs were used in conjunction with a dot blot assay that enabled fpv to be differentiated from the avian herpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus. confirmation of the specificity of these mabs was provided by the demonstration that only fpv antigens were recognized by a combination of both ... | 2003 | 12580296 |
| evaluation in rabbits of different anti-shiv vaccine strategies based on dna/fowlpox priming and virus-like particle boosting. | two different prime-boost immunization protocols were tested in rabbits and their immune response was evaluated and compared with the final aim of defining a vaccine strategy that might be able to protect non-human primates from infection with the pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus, shiv(89.6p). the two regimens were based on three priming immunizations with either an expression plasmid plus a fowlpox (fp) recombinant vector or with two fp recombinant vectors, each one expressing eit ... | 2003 | 12589958 |
| use of restriction fragment length polymorphism, immunoblotting, and polymerase chain reaction in the differentiation of avian poxviruses. | restriction deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) fragment profile analysis coupled with immunogenic protein profile analysis has provided useful information in determining the differences between vaccine strains and field isolates of fowlpox virus (fpv). the dna of strains examined in this study clearly fell into 3 minor groups of restriction patterns similar but distinct from one another: restriction patterns exhibited by the vaccine strains except 1 vaccine strain, vac-82; restriction profiles indicate ... | 2003 | 12661724 |
| comparative analysis of immune responses and cytokine profiles elicited in rabbits by the combined use of recombinant fowlpox viruses, plasmids and virus-like particles in prime-boost vaccination protocols against shiv. | three different prime-boost immunization protocols were tested in rabbits and their immune response was evaluated and compared with the final aim of identifying a vaccine strategy that might be able to protect non-human primates from infection with the pathogenic chimera simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv)(89.6p). protocols were based on priming with two fowlpox (fp) recombinant vectors and two expression plasmids, which express either the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac(239) gag/p ... | 2003 | 12706695 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences within the genomes of field strains of fowlpox virus display variability. | nine field strains of fowlpox virus (fpv) isolated during a 24-year span from geographically diverse outbreaks of fowlpox in the united states were screened for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) sequences in their genomes by pcr. each isolate appeared to be heterogeneous in that either a nearly intact provirus or just a 248- or 508-nucleotide fusion of portions of the integrated rev 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (ltrs) was exclusively present at the same genomic site. in contra ... | 2003 | 12719579 |
| protection of chickens against highly lethal h5n1 and h7n1 avian influenza viruses with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing h5 haemagglutinin and n1 neuraminidase genes. | inactivated whole avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccine provides protection against homologous haemagglutinin (ha) subtype virus, but poor protection against a heterologous ha virus. moreover, it induces chickens to produce antibodies to cross-reactive antigens, especially nucleoprotein, which is limits aiv serological surveillance. in this study, a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing ha (h5 subtype) and na (ni subtype)genes of aiv was evaluated for its ability to protect chickens against intr ... | 2003 | 12745375 |
| detection of specific reticuloendotheliosis virus sequence and protein from rev-integrated fowlpox virus strains. | the detection is described of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) protein in tissue culture of chicken embryonated cells (cefs) infected with field isolates of fowl poxvirus (fpv). by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), five out of the six field isolates, but two out of the seven vaccine strains of fpv, were found to have had a 291 bp repeat sequence of rev-ltr integrated in their genomic dna. an immunofluorescence (if) method was employed using a monoclonal antibody (mab) known to specify strain ... | 2003 | 12757926 |
| fowlpox virus infection causes a lymphoproliferative response in chickens. | while attenuated fowlpox virus (fpv) strains are widely used for vaccination of chickens and turkeys for prevention of fowlpox, recombinant fpv expressing various foreign genes have been evaluated for their ability to offer protection against various diseases in poultry as well as mammals. little is known regarding the cell-mediated immune responses to fpv infection. in this study, immune response in chickens infected with a virulent and a vaccine strain of fpv were compared by a lymphoprolifera ... | 2003 | 12828873 |
| a consideration of previously uncharacterized fowl poxvirus unidirectional and bidirectional late promoters for inclusion in homologous recombinant vaccines. | because of the limited analysis of fowl poxvirus (fpv) promoters, expression of foreign proteins by recombinant fpv has usually been directed by heterologous vaccinia virus or synthetic poxvirus promoters. thus, the impact of completely homologous recombinant virus vaccines has yet to be realized by the poultry industry. in an effort to increase the availability of such transcriptional regulatory elements, the modulation of gene expression by six previously uncharacterized fpv late promoters was ... | 2003 | 12887188 |
| molecular characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus insertions in the genome of field and vaccine strains of fowl poxvirus. | evidence of the widespread occurrence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) sequence insertions in fowl poxvirus (fpv) genome of field isolates and vaccine strains has increased in recent years. however, only those strains carrying a near intact rev provirus are more likely to cause problems in the field. detection of the intact provirus or rev protein expression from fpv stocks has proven to be technically difficult. the objective of the present study was to evaluate current and newly developed ... | 2003 | 12887193 |
| recombinant fowlpox viruses encoding the anchor-modified gp100 melanoma antigen can generate antitumor immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunological responses and therapeutic effectiveness of immunization with fowlpox vaccines encoding the gp100 melanoma antigen in patients with metastatic melanoma. experimental design: in three consecutive clinical trials, patients were immunized with recombinant fowlpox viruses encoding three different forms of the melanoma/melanocyte-associated antigen gp100: (a) the native, full-length gp100 molecule; (b) the gp100 molecule with two amino acids ... | 2003 | 12912944 |
| enhanced cell-mediated ifn-gamma-secreting activity against the hiv-1iiib v3 peptide of the tab9 multiepitope after dna vaccine backbone engineering. | the sv40t polyadenylation and splicing signals of the paec plasmid vectors were replaced by synthetic intron and synthetic rabbit beta globin-based termination/polyadenylation sequences, and 5, 10, and 20 copies of the 5'-aacgtt-3' cpg motif were inserted. balb/c mice were immunized by intramuscular injection of 200 microg of each plasmid, coding for the hiv-1 multiepitope tab9, under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter. after three doses of dna, a fourth boost with plasmid dna or ... | 2003 | 12927777 |
| studies on the combined effects of fowl pox virus and methylcholanthrene in chickens. | | 1952 | 12977000 |
| [multiplication of fowlpox virus in tissue culture]. | | 1956 | 13361421 |
| quantitative changes in lipid composition of tissues infected with fowlpox virus. | | 1958 | 13554544 |
| unusual properties of fowlpox virus dna. | | 1963 | 13980045 |
| studies on amino acid incorporation into protein of tumors induced by rous sarcoma virus and hyperplasia induced by fowl pox virus in chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. | | 1963 | 14082876 |
| composition of fowlpox virus and inclusion matrix. | randall, charles c. (university of mississippi school of medicine, jackson), lanelle g. gafford, robert w. darlington, and james m. hyde. composition of fowlpox virus and inclusion matrix. j. bacteriol. 87:939-944. 1964.-inclusion bodies of fowlpox virus infection are especially favorable starting material for the isolation of virus and inclusion matrix. electron micrographs of viral particles and matrix indicated a high degree of purification. density-gradient centrifugation of virus in cesium ... | 1964 | 14137634 |
| fine structure of the coat and nucleoid material of fowlpox virus. | hyde, james m. (university of mississippi school of medicine, jackson), lanelle g. gafford, and charles c. randall. fine structure of the coat and nucleoid material of fowlpox virus. j. bacteriol. 89:1557-1569. 1965.-several morphological forms characteristic of the poxvirus group were demonstrated for fowlpox virus with neutral phosphotungstic acid (pta). viral particles (purified from viral inclusion bodies) stained with uranyl acetate (ua) and shadowed with platinum were shown to have an exte ... | 1965 | 14291596 |
| bases of the nucleic acid of fowlpox virus and host deoxyribonucleic acid. | randall, charles c. (university of mississippi school of medicine, jackson), lanelle g. gafford, and robert w. darlington. bases of the nucleic acid of fowlpox virus and host deoxyribonucleic acid. j. bacteriol. 83:1037-1041. 1962.-the nucleic acid of fowlpox virus obtained from purified inclusions was identified as deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). the base ratios determined on whole virus and on isolated dna were practically identical. the molar ratios of purines to pyrimidines were approximately u ... | 1962 | 14490218 |
| characterization of an avianpox virus isolated from an andean condor (vultur gryphus). | a novel pox virus, condorpox virus (cpv) isolated from the spleen of an andean condor (vultur gryphus) by inoculation of chorioallantoic membranes (cam) of specific pathogen free (spf) chicken embryos was compared biologically, antigenically and genetically with fowlpox virus (fpv), the type species of the genus avipoxvirus. susceptible chickens inoculated with cpv developed only mild localized lesions but were not protected against subsequent challenge with fpv. based on western blotting, in ad ... | 2003 | 14559171 |
| protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing multiple genes from marek's disease virus. | recombinant fowl poxviruses (rfpvs) were constructed to express genes from serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) coding for glycoproteins b, e, i, h, and ul32 (gb1, ge, gi, gh, and ul32). an additional rfpv was constructed to contain four mdv genes (gb1, ge, gi, and ul32). these rfpvs were evaluated for their ability to protect maternal antibody-positive chickens against challenge with highly virulent mdv isolates. the protection induced by a single rfpv/gb1 (42%) confirmed our previous finding ... | 2003 | 14562881 |
| genetic and phylogenetic characterization of the type ii cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases encoded by leporipoxviruses. | shope fibroma virus and myxoma virus encode proteins predicted to be type ii photolyases. these are enzymes that catalyze light-dependent repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds). when the shope fibroma virus s127l gene was expressed in an escherichia coli strain lacking functional cpd repair pathways, the expressed gene protected the bacteria from 70-75% of the ultraviolet (uv) light-induced cytotoxic dna damage. this proportion suggests that leporipoxvirus photolyases can only repair cpd ... | 2003 | 14592755 |
| vaccination against fowlpox virus via drinking water. | the oral vaccination against fowlpox was investigated via drinking water containing the f132-c strain of fowlpox virus to be effective even though the vaccine virus-titer was 10(4) tcid (50)/dose each time. when the virus-titer of the f132-c strain was 10(4-5 )tcid(50)/dose per single drinking water vaccination, 90% or more of chickens were not protected, however, they were protected when vaccinated twice via drinking water. a weak immune response occurred by a slight infection after the first v ... | 2003 | 14600354 |
| the hiv-1 chimeric protein cr3 expressed by poxviral vectors induces a diverse cd8+ t cell response in mice and is antigenic for pbmcs from hiv+ patients. | recombinant avipoxvirus vectors are attractive for vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), where induction of a cytotoxic cd8(+) t cell (ctl) response seems to be an important component of protective immunity. we expressed the chimeric protein cr3, composed by ctl epitopes rich regions from, rt, gag and nef and conserved th cell epitopes from gp120, gp41 and vpr of hiv-1 in a fowlpox virus (fwpv) vector (fpcr3), and used this vector to induce hiv-specific ctl responses i ... | 2003 | 14615141 |
| marek's disease virus latent protein meq: delineation of an epitope in the br1 domain involved in nuclear localization. | marek's disease virus latent protein meq (mdv eco q) is abundantly expressed and consistently detected in mdv-induced tumors and cell lines. deletion mutants were constructed to study the domain structure of meq. four deletion mutants were obtained in the basic regions of meq, namely basic region 1 (deltabr1), basic region 2 (deltabr2), basic regions 1 and 2 (deltabr1 and 2), and the c-terminal (bzip) domain. the br1 and br2 are nuclear localization signals and either is sufficient to cause tran ... | 2003 | 14618081 |
| heterologous priming-boosting immunization of cattle with mycobacterium tuberculosis 85a induces antigen-specific t-cell responses. | heterologous priming-boosting vaccination regimens involving priming with plasmid dna antigen constructs and inoculating (boosting) with the same recombinant antigen expressed in replication-attenuated poxviruses have recently been demonstrated to induce immunity, based on cd4(+)- and cd8(+)-t-cell responses, against several diseases in both rodents and primates. we show that similar priming-boosting vaccination strategies using the 85a antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis are effective in indu ... | 2003 | 14638779 |
| the genome of canarypox virus. | here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a canarypox virus (cnpv). the 365-kbp cnpv genome contains 328 potential genes in a central region and in 6.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats. comparison with the previously characterized fowlpox virus (fwpv) genome revealed avipoxvirus-specific genomic features, including large genomic rearrangements relative to other chordopoxviruses and novel cellular homologues and gene families. cnpv also contains many genomic differences with fwpv, incl ... | 2004 | 14671117 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | vaccines against infectious bronchitis of chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) have arguably been the most successful, and certainly the most widely used, of vaccines for diseases caused by coronaviruses, the others being against bovine, canine, feline and porcine coronaviruses. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), together with the genetically related coronaviruses of turkey (meleagris gallopovo) and ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus), is a group 3 coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syn ... | 2003 | 14676007 |
| protection from infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-induced immunosuppression by immunization with a fowlpox recombinant containing ibdv-vp2. | immunosuppression resulting from infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection has critical health and welfare implications for birds, yet it is incompletely understood and largely overlooked as a measure of vaccine efficacy. the ability of a fowlpoxvirus recombinant (fpibd1) containing the vp2 protein of ibdv to protect against ibdv-induced immunosuppression was investigated by measuring the convalescent chicken's ability to mount antibody responses to ibdv infection, and to inactivated ibdv ... | 2003 | 14676010 |
| a plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine based on a six-antigen polyprotein encoded by recombinant poxviruses. | to generate broadly protective t cell responses more similar to those acquired after vaccination with radiation-attenuated plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, we have constructed candidate subunit malaria vaccines expressing six preerythrocytic antigens linked together to produce a 3240-aa-long polyprotein (l3septl). this polyprotein was expressed by a plasmid dna vaccine vector (dna) and by two attenuated poxvirus vectors, modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) and fowlpox virus of the fp9 strain. ... | 2004 | 14694197 |
| poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis. | the evolutionary relationships of 26 sequenced members of the poxvirus family have been investigated by comparing their genome organization and gene content and by using dna and protein sequences for phylogenetic analyses. the central region of the genome of chordopoxviruses (chpvs) is highly conserved in gene content and arrangement, except for some gene inversions in fowlpox virus (fpv) and species-specific gene insertions in fpv and molluscum contagiosum virus (mcv). in the central region 90 ... | 2004 | 14718625 |
| comparison of the genome sequence of fp9, an attenuated, tissue culture-adapted european strain of fowlpox virus, with those of virulent american and european viruses. | the 266 kbp genome sequence of plaque-purified, tissue culture-adapted, attenuated european fowlpox virus fp9 has been determined and compared with the 288 kbp sequence of a pathogenic us strain (fpvus). fp9 carries 244 of the 260 reported fpvus orfs (both viruses also have an unreported orthologue of conserved poxvirus gene a14.5l). relative to fpvus, fp9 differed by 118 mutations (26 deletions, 15 insertions and 77 base substitutions), affecting fp9 equivalents of 71 fpvus orfs. to help to ide ... | 2004 | 14769888 |
| intratumoral vaccination and diversified subcutaneous/ intratumoral vaccination with recombinant poxviruses encoding a tumor antigen and multiple costimulatory molecules. | intratumoral (i.t.) vaccination represents a potential modality for the therapy of tumors. previous i.t. vaccination studies have focused on the efficacy of i.t. vaccination alone. there are no reports that clearly compared i.t. vaccination with systemic vaccination achieved by s.c., intradermal, or i.m. injection, or combining both modalities of systemic and i.t. vaccination. here, we compared the antitumor effects induced by a systemic vaccination regimen (s.c.) and i.t. vaccination, and a seq ... | 2004 | 14871989 |
| enhanced cd8+ t cell immune responses and protection elicited against plasmodium berghei malaria by prime boost immunization regimens using a novel attenuated fowlpox virus. | sterile immunity can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by ifn-gamma-secreting cd8(+) t cells that recognize parasite-infected hepatocytes. in this study, we have investigated the use of attenuated fowlpox virus (fpv) strains as recombinant vaccine vectors for eliciting cd8(+) t cells against plasmodium berghei. the gene encoding the p. berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) protein was inserted into an fpv vaccine strain licensed for use in chickens, webster's fpv, and the nove ... | 2004 | 14978115 |
| presence of an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site sequence in avian infectious bronchitis virus defective rnas abolishes rescue by helper virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) defective rnas (d-rnas) have been used for the expression of heterologous genes in a helper-virus-dependent expression system. the heterologous genes were expressed under the control of an ibv transcription-associated sequence (tas) derived from gene 5 of ibv beaudette. however, coronavirus d-rna expression vectors display an inherent instability following serial passage with helper virus, resulting in the eventual loss of the heterologous genes. the use o ... | 2004 | 14990691 |
| human b cells that hyperexpress a triad of costimulatory molecules via avipox-vector infection: an alternative source of efficient antigen-presenting cells. | dendritic cells (dcs) are the most potent of the antigen-presenting cells (apcs). preparation of sufficient numbers of mature dcs, however, is both costly and time-consuming. we have examined here the possibility of using an alternative source of apcs that would be easier to obtain, would not require extensive culture, and thus would be more applicable to human immunotherapy protocols. we show here that freshly isolated human b cells can be efficiently infected by a replication-defective fowlpox ... | 2004 | 15010371 |
| the efficacy of recombinant fowlpox vaccine protection against marek's disease: its dependence on chicken line and b haplotype. | earlier studies have shown that the b haplotype has a significant influence on the protective efficacy of vaccines against marek's disease (md) and that the level of protection varies dependent on the serotype of md virus (mdv) used in the vaccine. to determine if the protective glycoprotein gene gb is a basis for this association, we compared recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) containing a single gb gene from three serotypes of mdv. the rfpv were used to vaccinate 15.b congenic lines. nonvaccinat ... | 2004 | 15077806 |
| a vaccination strategy consisting of semliki-forest-virus (sfv) dna prime and fowlpox-virus boost significantly protects mice from a recombinant (hiv-1) vaccinia-virus infection. | the use of dna vectors based on the sfv (semliki forest virus) replicon have not been reported in the modality of dna prime virus boost. in the present study, sfv dna vectors (dna vectors based on the sfv replicon) bearing the hiv-1 tab9 multiepitopic polypeptide minigene were evaluated as priming dna immunogens followed by a recombinant fowlpox expressing the tab9 mutiepitope (fptab9lz) boost. the results indicated that mice primed with psfv(k)tab9 and boosted with fptab9lz significantly decrea ... | 2005 | 15099194 |
| modified-vaccinia-virus-ankara (mva) priming and fowlpox-virus booster elicit a stronger cd8+ t-cell response in mice against an hiv-1 epitope than does a dna/poxvirus prime-booster approach. | a prime-boost strategy combining fwpv (fowlpox virus) and the mva (modified vaccinia virus ankara), both expressing hiv-1 multi-v3 epitope polypeptides, was compared with a dna-based semliki forest virus replicon/poxvirus approach for the induction of a cd8(+) t-cell response. priming mice with recombinant mva and boosting with recombinant fwpv, and not in the reverse order, increased the number of specific interferon-gamma-secreting cells in relation to the homologous combinations. moreover, th ... | 2004 | 15154843 |
| phase ii randomized study of vaccine treatment of advanced prostate cancer (e7897): a trial of the eastern cooperative oncology group. | a phase ii clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a prime/boost vaccine strategy using vaccinia virus and fowlpox virus expressing human prostate-specific antigen (psa) in patients with biochemical progression after local therapy for prostate cancer. the induction of psa-specific immunity was also evaluated. | 2004 | 15169798 |
| cellular immune responses induced in cattle by heterologous prime-boost vaccination using recombinant viruses and bacille calmette-guérin. | the development of novel vaccine strategies to replace or supplement bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is urgently required. here we study, in cattle, the use of heterologous prime-boost strategies based on vaccination with bcg and the mycobacterial mycolyl transferase ag85a (rv3804c) expressed either in recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva85a) or attenuated fowlpox strain fp9 (fp85a). five different vaccination schedules were tested in the first experiment: mva85a followed by bcg (group ... | 2004 | 15196215 |
| progress in dna-based heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies for malaria. | an effective vaccine against malaria is urgently required to relieve the immense human suffering and mortality caused by this parasite. a successful subunit vaccine against the liver stage of malaria will require the induction of high levels of protective t cells. despite success in small animal models, dna vaccines fail to induce strong cellular immune responses in humans. however, dna vaccines can induce a t-cell response that can be strongly boosted by recombinant viral vectors. we have evalu ... | 2004 | 15233731 |
| construction of recombinant fowlpox viruses carrying multiple vaccine antigens and immunomodulatory molecules. | here we describe plasmid vectors and selection protocols developed to allow the construction of recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpvs) with up to three insertions of foreign dna in the viral genome. transient dominant selection allows the construction of recombinant viruses that do not retain the selection markers and can therefore be used for the insertion of additional genes at other sites in the viral genome. a sybr green real-time pcr sequence detection assay was applied to the identification o ... | 2004 | 15283207 |
| analysis and comparison of the 4b core protein gene of avipoxviruses from wild birds: evidence for interspecies spatial phylogenetic variation. | avipoxviruses have been isolated from a wide variety of avian hosts, and yet little is known regarding the host-virus species variation of the genus avipoxvirus. we have investigated the variations in the viral 4b core protein gene from six different avipoxviruses based on pcr, southern blot and nucleotide sequence analysis to evaluate the suitability of this region for differentiation between avipoxvirus isolates. southern blot and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed considerable interspecies ... | 2004 | 15290371 |
| amplification of the lytic potential of effector/memory cd8+ cells by vector-based enhancement of icam-1 (cd54) in target cells: implications for intratumoral vaccine therapy. | we demonstrated that enhanced expression of the costimulatory molecules cd80, cd54 and cd48 (designated rf-tricom) on target cells, as delivered via a recombinant fowlpox vector, results in an increased state of stimulation of cd8+ t cells, and consequent increased lysis of target cells. ctl studies in conjunction with antibody-blocking studies demonstrated that the enhanced effector activity of these cd8+ t cells is mediated mainly through cd54. intracellular staining of cd8+ cells that interac ... | 2004 | 15354200 |
| evaluation in macaques of hiv-1 dna vaccines containing primate cpg motifs and fowlpoxvirus vaccines co-expressing ifngamma or il-12. | induction of hiv-specific t-cell responses by vaccines may facilitate efficient control of hiv. plasmid dna vaccines and recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rfpv) vaccines are promising hiv-1 vaccine candidates, although either vaccine alone may be insufficient to protect against hiv-1. a consecutive immunisation strategy involving priming with dna and boosting with rfpv vaccines encoding multiple common hiv-1 antigens was further evaluated in 30 macaques. the dna vaccine vector included cpg immunostimula ... | 2004 | 15531036 |
| efficacy of dna and fowlpox virus priming/boosting vaccines for simian/human immunodeficiency virus. | further advances are required in understanding protection from aids by t-cell immunity. we analyzed a set of multigenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) dna and fowlpox virus priming and boosting vaccines for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in outbred pigtail macaques. the number of vaccinations required, the effect of dna vaccination alone, and the effect of cytokine (gamma interferon) coexpression by the fowlpox virus boost was also studied. a coordinated induction of high lev ... | 2004 | 15564490 |
| inhibition of fowlpox virus by an aqueous acetone extract from galls of guiera senegalensis j. f. gmel (combretaceae). | an aqueous acetone extract from the galls of guiera senegalensis was screened for in vitro antiviral activity against fowlpox virus (fpv). cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition and plaque inhibition assays were used to show presence of antiviral effects against fpv, whilst cytotoxicity assays established the relative safety of the extract for cells in vitro. phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins as well as steroids and alka ... | 2005 | 15588677 |
| differential immunogenicity of various heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens using dna and viral vectors in healthy volunteers. | heterologous prime-boost vaccination has been shown to be an efficient way of inducing t cell responses in animals and in humans. we have used three vaccine vectors, naked dna, modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva), and attenuated fowlpox strain, fp9, for prime-boost vaccination approaches against plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans. in this study, we characterize, using two types of elispot assays and facs analysis, cell-mediated immune responses induced by different prime-boost combinations ... | 2005 | 15611270 |
| phase i study of sequential vaccinations with fowlpox-cea(6d)-tricom alone and sequentially with vaccinia-cea(6d)-tricom, with and without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in patients with carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing carcinomas. | our previous clinical experience with vaccinia and replication-defective avipox recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) vaccines has demonstrated safety and clinical activity with a correlation between cea-specific immune response and survival. preclinical evidence demonstrated that the addition of the transgenes for three t-cell costimulatory molecules (b7-1, icam-1, lfa-3, designated tricom) results in a significant improvement in antigen-specific t-cell responses and antitumor activity. we ... | 2004 | 15613691 |
| morphogenesis of fowlpox virus in a baby hamster kidney cell line. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) recombinant vaccines are presently being tested as an antihuman immunodeficiency virus vaccine for humans. however, biosafety, as well as the morphogenesis of fwpv in mammalian cells, are not well understood. currently, electron microscopy is the method of choice for analyzing virus morphogenesis in cell lines. in this study, four different electron microscopic techniques were used to study fwpv morphogenesis in the syrian baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cell line: direct negat ... | 2004 | 15614447 |
| an epizootic of avian pox in endemic short-toed larks (calandrella rufescens) and berthelot's pipits (anthus berthelotti) in the canary islands, spain. | between january 2002 and november 2003, 50% (n = 395) of short-toed larks (calandrella rufescens) and 28% (n = 139) of berthelot's pipits (anthus berthelotti) examined on the islands of fuerteventura and lanzarote, canary islands, had gross lesions compatible with avian pox. however, spanish sparrows (passer hispaniolensis, n = 128) and trumpeter finches (bucanetes githagineus, n = 228), which inhabit the same steppe habitats associated with goat husbandry, did not have poxlike lesions. histopat ... | 2005 | 15657273 |
| subtype ae hiv-1 dna and recombinant fowlpoxvirus vaccines encoding five shared hiv-1 genes: safety and t cell immunogenicity in macaques. | to induce broad t cell immunity to hiv-1, we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and dose-response relationship of dna and recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rfpv) vaccines encoding five shared hiv subtype ae genes (gag, pol, env, tat, rev) in pigtail macaques. the dna (three doses of either 1 mg or 4.5 mg) and rfpv (a single boost of either 5 x 10(7) or 2 x 10(8) plaque forming units) vaccines were administered intramuscularly without adjuvants. broadly reactive hiv-specific t cell immunity was stimula ... | 2005 | 15734067 |
| analyses of recombinant vaccinia and fowlpox vaccine vectors expressing transgenes for two human tumor antigens and three human costimulatory molecules. | the poor immunogenicity of tumor antigens and the antigenic heterogeneity of tumors call for vaccine strategies to enhance t-cell responses to multiple antigens. two antigens expressed noncoordinately on most human carcinomas are carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and muc-1. we report here the construction and characterization of two viral vector vaccines to address these issues. | 2005 | 15746065 |
| comparative analysis of selected genes from diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus and other poxviruses. | the diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (dlepv) is the first symbiotic epv described from a parasitic wasp. the dlepv is introduced into the tephritid fruit fly larval host along with the wasp egg at oviposition. we sequenced a shotgun genomic library of the dlepv dna and analyzed and compared the predicted protein sequences of eight orfs with those of selected poxviruses and other organisms. blastp searches showed that five of these are homologous to poxvirus putative proteins such as m ... | 2005 | 15749105 |
| fowlpox virus as a recombinant vaccine vector for use in mammals and poultry. | live vaccines against fowlpox virus, which causes moderate pathology in poultry and is the type species of the avipoxvirus genus, were developed in the 1920s. development of recombinant fowlpox virus vector vaccines began in the 1980s, for use not only in poultry, but also in mammals including humans. in common with other avipoxviruses, such as canarypox virus, fowlpox virus enters mammalian cells and expresses proteins, but replicates abortively. the use of fowlpox virus as a safe vehicle for e ... | 2005 | 15757474 |
| comparative studies of avipox-gm-csf versus recombinant gm-csf protein as immune adjuvants with different vaccine platforms. | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a potent immune stimulant when administered with different vaccines. optimal use of gm-csf resides in its ability to act locally to stimulate the proliferation and maturation of professional antigen-presenting cells (apcs) (i.e., langerhans' cells) at the injection site. gm-csf was engineered into a replication-incompetent recombinant avian (fowlpox) virus (rf-gm-csf) and a single subcutaneous injection resulted in a sustained enrichme ... | 2005 | 15780740 |
| enhanced t cell-mediated protection against malaria in human challenges by using the recombinant poxviruses fp9 and modified vaccinia virus ankara. | malaria is a major global health problem for which an effective vaccine is required urgently. prime-boost vaccination regimes involving plasmid dna and recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara-encoding liver-stage malaria antigens have been shown to be powerfully immunogenic for t cells and capable of inducing partial protection against experimental malaria challenge in humans, manifested as a delay in time to patent parasitemia. here, we report that substitution of plasmid dna as the priming ... | 2005 | 15781866 |
| avipoxvirus multiplication in a mammalian cell line. | avipoxviruses have many advantages and are being increasingly employed as recombinant vaccine vectors. one attractive feature is that while inserted transgenes are expressed in immunologically favourable ways, avipoxvirus infections of mammalian cells are believed to be abortive. the experimental evidence supporting this belief is, however, based on a limited number of mammalian cell-types and a few avipoxvirus species. we evaluated two avian and eight mammalian cell lines for permissivity to th ... | 2004 | 15826911 |
| phase i study of immunization with dendritic cells modified with fowlpox encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and costimulatory molecules. | to determine the safety and immunologic and clinical efficacy of a dendritic cell vaccine modified to hyperexpress costimulatory molecules and tumor antigen. | 2005 | 15837756 |
| phenotypic and kinetic analysis of effective simian-human immunodeficiency virus-specific t cell responses in dna--and fowlpox virus-vaccinated macaques. | although t cell immunity is important in the control of hiv-1 infection, the characteristics of effective hiv-specific t cell responses are unclear. we previously observed protection from virulent shiv challenges in macaques administered priming with dna vaccines and boosting with recombinant fowlpox viruses expressing shared siv gag antigens. we therefore performed a detailed kinetic and phenotypic study of the t cell immunity induced by these vaccines prior to and following shiv challenge util ... | 2005 | 15907968 |
| in vitro expression and analysis of secreted fowlpox virus cc chemokine-like proteins fpv060, fpv061, fpv116 and fpv121. | the four cc chemokine-like proteins (fpv060, fpv061, fpv116 and fpv121) of fowlpox virus (fwpv) were over-expressed as his-tagged versions from a t7 promoter/emcv ires construct in vitro, by coupled transcription/translation, or in cell culture, by co-infection with two recombinant fwpvs (one expressing the chemokine-like protein and one expressing t7 rna polymerase). all, except fpv116, appeared to be glycosylated in the presence of microsomal membranes in vitro. in culture, all were secreted ( ... | 2005 | 15931460 |
| the dna repair enzyme, cpd-photolyase restores the infectivity of uv-damaged fowlpox virus isolated from infected scabs of chickens. | fowlpox virus (fwpv), an important pathogen of poultry, replicates very efficiently in the featherless areas of skin, and persists in dried and desiccated scabs for prolonged periods. although the molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of the virus are not completely known, we recently identified the presence of a virus-encoded novel dna repair enzyme, cpd-photolyase, in fwpv. this enzyme repairs the ultraviolet (uv)-induced pyrimidine dimers, converting them to monomers using photons fro ... | 2005 | 15936904 |
| comparison of whole gene and whole virus scrambled antigen approaches for dna prime and fowlpox virus boost hiv type 1 vaccine regimens in macaques. | t cell immunity plays a critical role in controlling hiv-1 viremia, and encoding a limited set of hiv-1 genes within dna and poxvirus vectors can, when used sequentially, induce high levels of t cell immunity in primates. however, a limited breadth of t cell immunity exposes the host to potential infection with either genetically diverse hiv-1 strains or t cell escape variants of hiv-1. in an attempt to induce maximally broad immunity, we examined dna and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccine ... | 2005 | 15943571 |
| molecular and biological characterization of simian-human immunodeficiency virus-like particles produced by recombinant fowlpox viruses. | virus-like particles (vlps) mimicking the simian-human immunodeficiency virus shiv89.6p (vlpshiv) were produced by co-infection of vero cells with fowlpox sivgag/pol (fpgag/polsiv) and fowlpox hiv-1env89.6p (fpenv89.6p) recombinant viruses. as a necessary prerequisite for a more efficient vaccine approach, ultrastructural, functional and molecular characterizations of vlp(shiv) were performed in the shiv-macaque model to verify the similarity of these particles to shiv89.6p. here we show that vl ... | 2005 | 15950328 |
| [construction of recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing gp120 of chinese hiv-1 strain and il-18 and its immunogenicity in mice]. | to screening out chinese vaccine candidate against hiv-1, chinese vaccine strain 282e4 of fowlpox virus was used as the vector to construct the recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) coexpressing gp120 of chinese hiv-1 strain and il-18, and the recombinant virus was indentified by pcr and western blot. the specific dna fragment could be amplified by pcr from the genome of rfpv. western blot analysis showed that gp120 and il-18 could be expressed not only in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells infect ... | 2004 | 15971601 |
| novel protein and poxvirus-based vaccine combinations for simultaneous induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. | the presence of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity is important in protection from and clearance of a number of infectious pathogens. we describe novel vaccine regimens using combinations of plasmid dna, poxvirus and protein to induce strong ag-specific t cell and ab responses simultaneously in a murine model. intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with plasmid dna encoding the middle ag of hepatitis b (dna) concurrently with a commercial hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccine (engerix-b) followed by b ... | 2005 | 15972697 |
| mucosally-administered human-simian immunodeficiency virus dna and fowlpoxvirus-based recombinant vaccines reduce acute phase viral replication in macaques following vaginal challenge with ccr5-tropic shivsf162p3. | further advances are required in understanding protection from aids by t cell immunity across mucosal sites of virus transmission. we analysed a set of multigenic hiv and shiv dna and fowlpoxvirus (fpv) prime and boost vaccines for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in outbred pigtail macaques when delivered via mucosal surfaces (intranasally or intrarectally). intranasally delivered dna, even when adjuvanted and given as a fine droplet spray, was neither immunogenic nor protective in macaqu ... | 2005 | 15985317 |
| therapeutic vaccines for prostate cancer: a review of clinical data. | prostate cancer is the most common, non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the us. a greater understanding of basic immunological principles has led to the development of a variety of new techniques, which in turn has led to advances in the field of prostate cancer vaccines. this review will discuss the rationale for the development of vaccines involving whole tumor cells and dendritic cells, as well as pox viral vectors, and will summarize selected clinic ... | 2005 | 15988910 |
| [influence of nonessential region on protective efficacy of recombinant fowlpox viruses]. | because of the interference of maternal antibodies, the recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccine has not been used widely. the selection of a well-defined fpv nonessential region might be a desirable way to solve this problem. two pairs of primers were designed according to the genome of a pathogenic fpv to amplify two flanking regions (fpv1 and fpv2) of the supposed nonessential region by pcr, and then a series of plasmid vectors were constructed to generate the expression vector pp12ls, which ... | 2005 | 15989226 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing hiv-1(cn) gp120 and il-2. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has now become one of the most serious infectious disease in the world, the safe and effective aids vaccines would be the best tools to control the disease. fowlpox virus has been studied recently as a potential vector for the delivery of heterologous vaccine antigen. in this study, a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing gp120 of chinese prevalent hiv-1 strain and il-2 was constructed and the cellular immune responses against hiv-1 gp120 in balb/c ... | 2005 | 16029899 |
| characterization of canarypox-like viruses infecting endemic birds in the galápagos islands. | the presence of avian pox in endemic birds in the galápagos islands has led to concern that the health of these birds may be threatened by avipoxvirus introduction by domestic birds. we describe here a simple polymerase chain reaction-based method for identification and discrimination of avipoxvirus strains similar to the fowlpox or canarypox viruses. this method, in conjunction with dna sequencing of two polymerase chain reaction-amplified loci totaling about 800 bp, was used to identify two av ... | 2005 | 16107669 |
| [construction of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing chicken il-2 and assay of biologic activity of the product in vitro]. | in order to determine the adjuvant effects of the chicken il-2 (chil-2) on new generation vaccines, chil-2 gene was amplified from cona-stimulated chicken spleen cells by rt-pcr and was directionally inserted into fowlpox virus (fpv) transferring vector p1175 under the control of fpv early/late promoter (pe/l), resulting in recombinant transferring vector p1175il2. then the p1175il2 plasmid was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) pre-infected with wild type fpv to generate recombin ... | 2004 | 16108505 |
| the phytochemical composition and in vitro antiviral activity of decoctions from galls of guiera senegalensis j.f. gmel. (combretaceae) and their relative non-toxicity for chickens. | aqueous decoctions obtained from the galls of guiera senegalensis were screened to determine their phytochemical composition and in vitro antiviral activity against fowlpox virus. in addition, we wanted to investigate the toxic effects, if any, of crude extracts in chickens. steroids as well as cardiac glycosides not previously reported, an alkaloid, polyphenols and saponins were detected in the various fractions of organic solvents used for extracting the decoctions. antiviral activity was dete ... | 2005 | 16137128 |
| in ovo inhibition of fowlpoxvirus replication by a gall extract from guiera senegalensis. | several field isolates of fowlpoxvirus (fpv) from burkina faso, west africa, were isolated and partly evaluated by molecular analysis. in addition, the in ovo antiviral activity against fpv of a gall extract from guiera senegalensis was determined. three viral isolates were obtained from suspected fowlpox cases after passage in embryonating chicken eggs and their poxviral identity confirmed by electron microscopy. all isolates were found to be pathogenic for chicks and all grew well in cell cult ... | 2005 | 16191693 |
| genetic manipulation of two fowlpox virus late transcriptional regulatory elements influences their ability to direct expression of foreign genes. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) is currently used as a vector to express foreign genes of various poultry and mammalian pathogens. however, due to limited information available about the primary structure of fwpv promoters required for an optimal transcriptional efficiency, the full potential of fwpv as an expression vector has not been completely realized. to dissect such transcriptional regulatory elements at the molecular level, we selected two fwpv promoters dictating contrasting levels of expression o ... | 2006 | 16207500 |
| construction and characterization of a fowlpox virus field isolate whose genome lacks reticuloendotheliosis provirus nucleotide sequences. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) has been isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks during subsequent fowlpox outbreaks that were characterized by a high degree of mortality and significant economic losses. this inability of current vaccines to induce adequate immunity in poultry could be reflective of an antigenic and/or biologic distinctiveness of fwpv field isolates. in this regard, whereas an infectious reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) provirus is present in the majority of the field viruses' genomes, on ... | 2005 | 16252496 |
| fowlpox virus vaccines for hiv and shiv clinical and pre-clinical trials. | dna prime and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) boost vaccines were designed to express multiple hiv or siv antigens for use in human clinical trials and in pre-clinical trials in macaques. three sets of vaccines with matching hiv or siv antigen sets, modified for vaccine safety considerations, were constructed and shown to express the relevant proteins. the rfpv vaccines with inserts at up to three sites, were stable on passage in chick cell culture, including during gmp manufacture of vaccines ... | 2006 | 16257479 |
| [selection of recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing hiv-1 gag-gp120 and il-6]. | to construct the recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) coexpressing hiv-1 gag-gp120 and hil-6. | 2005 | 16261213 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus for in vitro gene delivery to pancreatic islet tissue. | the feasibility of using avipox virus as a vector for gene delivery to islet tissue (adult islets and fetal proislets) was examined using a recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) engineered to express the reporter gene lacz (fpv-lacz). the efficiency of in vitro transduction was dose-dependent and influenced by the donor species and maturation status of the islet tissue. reporter gene expression in fpv-lacz-transduced islet grafts was transient (3-7 days) in immunoincompetent nude mice and was not prol ... | 2005 | 16266313 |
| immunogenicity of fowlpox virus expressing the avian influenza virus h5 gene (trovac aiv-h5) in cats. | vaccination of cats with fowlpox virus expressing the avian influenza (ai) virus h5 hemagglutinin gene (trovac ai) resulted in detectable hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody responses to the homologous a/turkey/ireland/1378/83 (h5n8) (a/tky/ire/83) ai virus antigen. the hi antibody responses to heterologous a/chicken/indonesia/7/03 (h5n1) (a/ck/indonesia/03) ai virus antigen were also detected in all vaccinated cats, but only after booster vaccinations. the vaccine described in this study ... | 2005 | 16275953 |
| [construction, genetic stability and protective efficacy of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing hemagglutinin gene of h5n1 subtype avian influenza virus]. | construction, genetic stability and protective efficacy of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing hemagglutinin (ha) gene (rfpv-ha) of h5 subtype avian influenza virus were conducted. the results indicated that the recombinant fowlpox virus was obtained and purified by blue plaque selection. ha expressed by rfpv-ha was identified by indirect immunofluorescence array. the rfpv-ha could express reporter gene lacz and ha gene after fifteen successive passages in chicken embryo fibroblast. the rfpv- ... | 2003 | 16276892 |
| a phase i trial of pox psa vaccines (prostvac-vf) with b7-1, icam-1, and lfa-3 co-stimulatory molecules (tricom) in patients with prostate cancer. | based on previous studies that demonstrated the safety profile and preliminary clinical activity of prostate specific antigen (psa) targeted therapeutic vaccines, as well as recent laboratory data supporting the value of the addition of co-stimulatory molecules b7-1, icam-1, and lfa-3 (designated tricom) to these vaccines, we conducted a phase i study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel vaccinia and fowlpox vaccine incorporating the psa gene sequence and tricom. | 2006 | 16390546 |