| partial characterization of the genome of nine animal caliciviruses. | caliciviruses (cvs) include at least 42 distinct serotypes. seventeen cv serotypes have been isolated from marine sources and are called san miguel sea lion caliciviruses (smsvs). cvs also have been isolated from reptiles, primates, and other terrestrial animals. nucleotide sequences from portions of genome of prototype strains for six smsv serotypes, the reptile cv, cro-1, the cetacean cv, tur-1, and the primate cv, pan-1, are presented. cdna products of the polymerase (all strains characterize ... | 1996 | 9526548 |
| free amino acids in milks of human subjects, other primates and non-primates. | preterm and term transitional milks of human subjects and mature milks of human subjects, non-human primates and non-primates were analysed for free amino acids (aa) using precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatization and liquid chromatography. differences in free aa between three types of human milk were small. milks of pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) contained the highest levels of total free aa (8634-20,862 mumol/l), while the milks of cows and sheep had the lowest levels of total free aa (10 ... | 1998 | 9536856 |
| low-frequency amphibious hearing in pinnipeds: methods, measurements, noise, and ecology. | aerial low-frequency (100-6400 hz) hearing thresholds were obtained for one california sea lion (zalophus californianus), one harbor seal (phoca vitulina), and one northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). underwater thresholds over a similar frequency range (75-6300 or 6400 hz) were obtained for these three animals in addition to another california sea lion. such data are critical, not only for understanding mechanisms about amphibious hearing and relating them to pinniped ecology and e ... | 1998 | 9566340 |
| dermatitis caused by malassezia pachydermatis in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | | 1998 | 9569500 |
| gastric spiral bacteria and intramuscular sarcocysts in african lions from namibia. | six juvenile male, one adult male, and three adult, female african lions (panthera leo) from etosha national park, republic of namibia were presented for necropsy. two of four adults and one of six juveniles had moderate numbers of gastric spiral bacteria. additionally, four of four adults had sarcocysts. all juveniles had enteric sarcocystis sp. oocysts, but no sarcocysts. the gastric spiral bacteria were located extracellularly in fundic and pyloric glands, and also apparently intracellularly ... | 1998 | 9577779 |
| leptospirosis in rehabilitated pacific harbor seals from california. | renal disease was observed in two rehabilitated pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii) from a facility in california (usa). the seals had leukocytosis and high serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. a retrospective study of leptospiral antibody serum titers indicated both seals had elevated titers to leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. a third seal, which died about the time when the index cases occurred, also had elevated titers to l. interrogan ... | 1998 | 9577797 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion. | this study reports on two series of cases of mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. the first was in a captive population of baboons (papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (panthera uncia and panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (otaria byrona). the isolation and identification of strains of m. bovis confirmed the presence of m. bovis infections in both zoos. the epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the is6110-based dna fingerp ... | 1998 | 9601152 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection of free-ranging lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) and ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) on st. catherine's island, georgia, usa. | free-ranging old world primates released on st. catherine's island, georgia (usa), were tested for infection with trypanosoma cruzi as part of a study of the epizootiology of sylvatic t. cruzi in the southeastern usa. the parasite was observed in liver infusion tryptose medium cultures of blood from seven of 11 lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) and one of 19 ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta). cultures of blood from 10 black and white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata) were all negative. analys ... | 1998 | 9638621 |
| fatal acute toxoplasmosis in three golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | fatal acute toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia), a breeding pair and their male offspring, by histology and immunohistochemistry. the distribution and severity of lesions differed among the animals, but the small intestine and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes were especially affected. protozoal organisms consistent with toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, often clustered, were seen in all lesions and were specifically immunostained with a t. gondii po ... | 1998 | 9638627 |
| the capsid protein of vesicular exanthema of swine virus serotype a48: relationship to the capsid protein of other animal caliciviruses. | vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv), the prototype calicivirus, is the etiologic agent of the porcine disease vesicular exanthema of swine (ves). ves is characterized by vesicle formation on the extremities, mouth and snout and causes abortions and stillbirths if infection occurs during pregnancy. vesv is considered an exotic agent in the us, following its eradication in 1956. the single capsid protein gene of vesv serotype a48 was cloned and sequenced. the capsid amino acid sequence was 6 ... | 1998 | 9660070 |
| phylogeny of the carnivora (mammalia): congruence vs incompatibility among multiple data sets. | the purpose of this study was to determine the higher-level phylogenetic relationships among carnivora, using a conditional data combination (cdc) approach to analyzing multiple data sets. new nucleotide sequences (851 base pairs from intron i of the transthyretin gene) among 22 representatives of the 11 families of carnivora were generated and analyzed in concert with, and comparison to, other mitochondrial and morphological character data. conditional data combination analyses of the four inde ... | 1998 | 9667990 |
| canine distemper antibodies in lions of the masai mara. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been implicated in some recent deaths of lions, which showed clinical signs of distemper, in the the serengeti plain. similar clinical findings have since been reported in lions of the masai mara. fifty-five per cent of serum samples obtained from wild lions of the masai mara have been found to contain neutralising antibody to cdv, indicating that they had been exposed to the virus. adult orphan lions kept in captivity, were vaccinated with the live attenuated on ... | 1998 | 9670445 |
| experimental infection in spf kittens with a particular calicivirus strain originally isolated from lion. | two spf kittens were experimentally infected via the intranasal route with a strain of calicivirus originally isolated from sick lion suffering from vesicular disease. fever, 40.3 degrees c and 40.7 degrees c, and vesicular formation in tongue and snout were reproduced in both kittens. the infected virus was recovered from nasal, oral and rectal swabs. a longer duration of virus recovery was proved with oral swab samples taken from 1 to 10 and 12 days post infection. this suggests that tongue an ... | 1998 | 9699205 |
| lion and degussa apply genomics to fermentation. | | 1998 | 9702763 |
| isolation of reptilian calicivirus crotalus type 1 from feral pinnipeds. | ten virus isolates were obtained from three species of marine mammals sampled on san miguel island (california, usa) and 1,200 km north on rogue reef (oregon, usa) during tagging operations in 1986-87. seven of these 10 were derived from 30 sampled steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus pups, while two of 10 were isolated from one of 19 sampled california sea lion (zalophus californianus californianus pups, and the remaining isolate was derived from 30 sampled northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinu ... | 1998 | 9706554 |
| coccidioidomycosis in a bottlenose dolphin. | a stranded bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus gilli) succumbed to a pulmonary infection of coccidioides immitis. the dolphin initially presented with mild inspiratory dyspnea that rapidly worsened over 48 hr to include buoyancy abnormalities and finally death. at necropsy, caseous nodules were observed throughout the lungs and perihilar lymph nodes. on histological examination of tissues, double walled organisms containing endospores characteristic of c. immitis were observed in lung, perihi ... | 1998 | 9706575 |
| bacterial isolates from california sea lions (zalophus californianus), harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) admitted to a rehabilitation center along the central california coast, 1994-1995. | in 2 yr of bacteriologic culturing of 297 california sea lions (zalophus californianus), 154 harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and 89 northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) stranded alive along the california coast, the most frequent isolates from inflammatory lesions in live animals were escherichia coli, streptococcus viridans, listeria ivanovii, beta-hemolytic streptococcus spp., and enterococcus spp. this is the first report of l. ivanovii isolation from a marine mammal. the common i ... | 1998 | 9732032 |
| gastric spiral bacteria in small felids. | nine small cats, including one bobcat (felis rufus), one pallas cat (f. manul), one canada lynx (f. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (f. viverrina), two margays (f. wiedii), and two sand cats (f. margarita), necropsied between june 1995 and march 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one african lion (panthera leo), two snow leopards (p. uncia), one siberian tiger (p. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (p. onca), necropsied during the same period ha ... | 1998 | 9732040 |
| two human genes related to murine vanin-1 are located on the long arm of human chromosome 6. | we report here the identification of two distinct human cdnas, called vnn1 and vnn2, related to the recently described mouse vanin-1 molecule involved in lymphocyte migration (m. aurrand-lions et al., 1996, immunity 5: 391-405). tissue distribution of the expression of these two human vanin-like genes is differential. since vanin-1 shares significant homologies with human biotinidase (btd), we describe here a new family of related genes including at least four members: mouse vanin-1, vnn1, vnn2, ... | 1998 | 9790769 |
| importance in france of the infestation by dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens in dogs. | the presence of dirofilaria repens has been mentioned in europe, in africa and in asia, in different carnivores (dogs, foxes, cats, lions). in europe the nematode has been reported in dogs, cats and foxes and the countries concerned by native cases are italy, spain, greece, yugoslavia and france. in france, until now, d. repens has been described, among animals, only in dogs. the first undoubted report dates back to 1953. later, the prevalence was studied through widespread surveys (1986-1988-19 ... | 1997 | 9802099 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from pinnipeds stranded in central and northern california. | over a 2-yr period (1994-1995), the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 129 bacterial isolates recovered from live stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus), harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) were studied. nineteen genera of bacteria were isolated from various sites of inflammation; abscesses and umbilici were the most common sites. seventy-two percent of the bacterial isolated were gram negative, and the enterobacteriaceae (escherich ... | 1998 | 9809600 |
| the effects of anesthesia and gender on intraocular pressure in lions (panthera leo). | intraocular pressure (iop) was measured in a pride of 22 (11 males, 11 females) lions (panthera leo) using a schiotz tonometer. two anesthetic protocols were used in the study. lions in group i (n = 14) were anesthetized using xylazine, atropine sulfate, and ketamine. lions in group ii (n = 8) were anesthetized using ketamine and diazepam. five sequential readings were taken from each eye of every lion. there were no significant differences in iop between the two anesthetic groups, between left ... | 1998 | 9809604 |
| gongylonema macrogubernaculum in captive african squirrels (funisciurus substriatus and xerus erythropus) and lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | necropsies performed between 1989 and 1995 on 15 african rope squirrels (funisciurus substriatus) and 20 african ground squirrels (xerus erythropus) from the baltimore zoo revealed 13 cases of gongylonemiasis. nematodes were embedded in the epithelium of the esophagus, pharynx, buccal mucosa, and tongue, resulting in varying degrees of esophagitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, and glossitis, respectively. routine fecal examinations were negative, and the nematodes appeared to be unaffected by repeat ... | 1998 | 9809609 |
| vanadium accumulation in pinnipeds. | vanadium in four species of pinnipeds (northern fur seals [callorhinus ursinus], steller sea lions [eumetopias jubatus], harbor seals [phoca vitulina], and ribbon seals [phoca fasciata]) caught in the northern pacific was analyzed using icp-ms to understand its accumulation and distribution. in northern fur seals, relatively high concentrations of vanadium were observed in the liver, hair, and bone. ninety percent of the vanadium burden in the body was concentrated in these three tissues, which ... | 1999 | 9828265 |
| fundamental cryobiology of selected african mammalian spermatozoa and its role in biodiversity preservation through the development of genome resource banking. | fundamental cryobiological characteristics of spermatozoa from threatened or endangered species must be determined for successful cryopreservation techniques to be established. in this study, spermatozoa from four diverse species, impala (aepyceros melampus), wart hog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), elephant (loxodonta africana), and lion (panthera leo), were collected by electroejaculation or epididymal aspiration. spermatozoal plasma membrane permeability to water (hydraulic conductivity, lp) and ... | 1998 | 9835382 |
| homologous protection but lack of heterologous-protection by various species and types of bartonella in specific pathogen-free cats. | cat-scratch disease (csd) is caused by bartonella henselae, and possibly by b. clarridgeiae. in immuno-compromised persons, b. henselae is one of the agents causing bacillary angiomatosis. domestic cats are the main reservoir of these bacteria, which are transmitted primarily from cat to cat by fleas. possible strategies to prevent the spread of infection among cats are to eliminate flea infestation or to prophylactically immunize cats. in order to develop an appropriate vaccine, it is important ... | 1998 | 9839874 |
| genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in serengeti carnivores. | the lion (panthera leo) population in the serengeti ecosystem was recently afflicted by a fatal epidemic involving neurological disease, encephalitis and pneumonia. the cause was identified as canine distemper virus (cdv). several other species in the serengeti were also affected. this report presents cdv h and p gene sequences isolated from serengeti lions (panthera leo), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis) and domestic dog (canis familiaris). sequence analyses d ... | 1998 | 9839878 |
| hunting by male lions: ecological influences and socioecological implications. | in the kruger national park, male lions, panthera leo, acquire most of their food by hunting rather than scavenging. this study, the most intensive to date of male lion ecology, showed that in savanna woodlands, with high buffalo, syncerus caffer, densities, male lions were frequent and successful hunters. the main prey species of all male group types, but particularly nonterritorial males, was buffalo. by contrast, females preyed more frequently on the most abundant medium-sized ungulates, such ... | 1998 | 9933529 |
| deficiency of cytosolic arylamine n-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single nat1-like gene. | the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, nat1 and nat2. n-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean km = 2.1 microm) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an nat1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean km > 10 mm) f ... | 1998 | 10022754 |
| the complexity of the sylvatic cycle of trypanosoma cruzi in rio de janeiro state (brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene. | american trypanosamiasis occurs in nature as a sylvatic cycle, where trypanosoma cruzi interacts with wild triatomines and mammalian reservoirs, such as marsupials, rodents, armadillos and other animals. due to difficulties in trying to isolate t. cruzi stocks from the sylvatic cycle, very few studies have been performed in order to understand the parasite infection in natural environments. traditionally t. cruzi has been considered to be composed of a highly heterogeneous population of parasite ... | 1999 | 10028530 |
| peritoneal coccidioidomycosis in a mountain lion in california. | an adult mountain lion (felis concolor) from the vicinity of weldon, california (usa) was necropsied following euthanasia due to emaciation and proximity to semi-rural housing. there were spherules consistent with coccidioides immitis within peritoneal surfaces with granulomatous inflammation and fungi consistent with c. immitis were cultured from abdominal fluid. this is the first reported case of coccidioidomycosis in a wild mountain lion. | 1999 | 10073349 |
| a possible new piroplasm in lions from the republic of south africa. | a small piroplasm was detected in blood smears from lions (panthera leo) in the kruger national park (knp; republic of south africa) during 1991/1992. the parasite was identified provisionally as babesia felis, but sera from these lions tested negative to b. felis antigen in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat). blood from an infected lion was subsequently subinoculated into a domestic cat and two leopards in an attempt to identify the parasite. a lion also was infected with b. fe ... | 1999 | 10073351 |
| antibodies against leptospira interrogans in california sea lion pups from gulf of california. | one hundred and twenty-five serum samples from california sea lion (zalophus californianus californianus) pups, and one from an adult female from eight reproductive rookeries located in seven islands in the gulf of california (mexico), were collected during the 1994-96 reproductive seasons. these were tested for antibodies to 19 serovars of leptospira interrogans using a microscopic agglutination test (mat). forty-one samples (32%) had antibody levels from 1:20 to 1:320 to one or more serovars. ... | 1999 | 10073358 |
| risk and opportunity for humans coexisting with large carnivores. | models of plio-pleistocene hominid behavioral ecology often emphasize competition with large carnivores. this paper describes competition between modern humans and large carnivores in rural uganda, including active, confrontational scavenging of carnivore kills by humans and carnivore attacks on humans. information gathered from ugandan game department archives (1923-1994) reveals that twentieth-century agropastoralists regularly tried to scavenge from leopard (panthera pardus) and lion (panther ... | 1999 | 10074384 |
| anti-trypanosoma brucei activity of nonprimate zoo sera. | constitutive anti-trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei s 427 clone 1 and 22 activities were evaluated in sera from 22 species of nonprimate mammals. the sera fell into 5 categories. sera from cape buffalo, giraffe, and greater kudu showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of replication of the 2 clones of organisms, which was dependent on the presence of xanthine oxidase. sera from warthog and springbok also severely limited trypanosome replication but lacked xanthine oxidase. their antitrypanoso ... | 1999 | 10207362 |
| organization of the canine calicivirus genome from the rna polymerase gene to the poly(a) tail. | in recent years a wealth of data has become available about the caliciviruses that infect humans, as well as those which infect a range of animal species, notably cats, rabbits, pigs and marine animals. however, in the two decades since the earliest reports of calicivirus infection in dogs, very little has become known about the epidemiology, pathogenicity and molecular biology of the caliciviruses that may infect canines. in 1990, a canine calicivirus (cacv) was isolated from a 2-month-old diar ... | 1999 | 10211962 |
| daniel in the lions' den. a case study. | | 1999 | 10222936 |
| comparative genome organization of the major histocompatibility complex: lessons from the felidae. | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has taught both immunologists and evolutionary biologists a great deal about the patterns and processes that have led to immune defenses. driven principally by human and mouse studies, comparative mhc projects among other mammalian species offer certain advantages in connecting mhc genome characters to natural situations. we have studied the mhc in the domestic cat and in several wild species of felidae. our observations affirm class i and cla ... | 1999 | 10319256 |
| epidemiology of an intestinal parasite (spirometra spp.) in two populations of african lions (panthera leo). | infection with the cestode spirometra spp. was studied in 2 populations of lions in the serengeti and the ngorongoro crater in tanzania, east africa. these 2 lion populations lived in different habitats and were known to differ genetically: lions in the serengeti were outbred, whereas lions in the ngorongoro crater were inbred. faecal samples were collected from 112 individually known lions between march 1991 and november 1992. over 60% of lions were infected and the median intensity of infectio ... | 1999 | 10340332 |
| amplification of a 500-base-pair fragment from cultured isolates of mycobacterium bovis. | the presence of a 500-bp fragment which amplifies a region from the genome of mycobacterium bovis (j. g. rodriguez, g. a. meija, p. del portillo, m. e. patarroyo, and l. a. murillo, microbiology 141:2131-2138, 1995) was evaluated by carrying out pcr on 121 m. bovis isolates. the m. bovis strains, previously characterized by culture and biochemical tests, were isolated from cattle in different regions of argentina, mexico, and colombia. four additional strains isolated from sea lions that belong ... | 1999 | 10364607 |
| phycotoxins. | the 1997-1998 period brought many new developments to the phycotoxin field. there were several reviews on phycotoxins in general, on their toxicological evaluation, and on their analysis. the ecophysiology, biosynthesis, and metabolism of polyether toxins and paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp) toxins were also reviewed. the proceedings of the eighth international conference on harmful algae (vigo, spain, june 25-29, 1997) have been published and provide an excellent source of information on phy ... | 1999 | 10367395 |
| food transfers in wild and reintroduced golden lion tamarins, leontopithecus rosalia. | we collected data from wild and reintroduced golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) to describe the behavior of donor and recipient during food transfers, evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding on food transfer behavior, and examine various hypotheses concerning the function of food transfers in primates. behavioral observations were conducted on 12 groups of tamarins with young (n = 30) between the ages of 1 week and 1 year old. results show that food transfers involve various behav ... | 1999 | 10402039 |
| genetic analysis of the rna polymerase gene of caliciviruses from dogs and cats. | caliciviruses that infect animals including humans cause a specific disease syndrome in their respective hosts. feline calicivirus (fcv) is a major pathogen of respiratory disease of cats, and human caliciviru is a causative agent of diarrhea. it has been suggested, furthermore, that fcv and newly recognized canine calicivirus (cacv) may also be possible causes of diarrhea in these animal species. in this study nucleotide sequence of the rna polymerase gene of two caliciviruses of canine origin, ... | 1999 | 10423680 |
| hepatic carcinoma with spleen metastasis in a california sea lion from the gulf of california. | a primary hepatic carcinoma with a neuroendocrine pattern was detected in an adult female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) found dead on granito island in the gulf of california (mexico) in january 1996. at necropsy, several light yellow nodules of different sizes were observed on the entire surface of the liver and spleen. microscopic examination of these nodules using routine haematoxylin-eosin stain, revealed cubic, polyhedral and pleomorphic cells with three to four bizarre mitot ... | 1999 | 10479092 |
| the effect of elevated progesterone levels on intraocular pressure in lions (panthera leo). | recently, we reported that intraocular pressure (iop) in juvenile male lions (panthera leo) is significantly higher than in juvenile lionesses. whilst we could not ascertain the basis for this gender-related difference, we suspected that they were the result of fluctuations in levels of sex hormones. because 19 of the 22 lions described in our previous report had to be re-anaesthetized, we repeated tonometry in these animals, to try and correlate between iop and the levels of progesterone, oestr ... | 1999 | 10502479 |
| development of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedure for the detection of marine caliciviruses with potential application for nucleotide sequencing. | a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure is described for the detection of marine caliciviruses including vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv), san miguel sea lion virus (smsv), bovine tillamook virus (bcv bos-1) and caliciviruses (cv) isolated from dolphin (cetacean cv), gorilla (primate cv) and rattlesnake (reptile cv) using primers (1f and 1r) designed from the capsid-coding region of the viral genome. these primers were compared with those described by neill, ... | 1999 | 10507417 |
| [characterization of mycobacterial antigens of sea lions]. | | 1999 | 10509397 |
| genetic analysis of a canine calicivirus: evidence for a new clade of animal caliciviruses. | this paper describes the relationship of a canine calicivirus, named no.48, to other human and animal caliciviruses, based on phylogeny of the 3' half of its genome. it was found that no.48 constitutes a unique lineage, most closely related but distinct from feline and san miguel sea lion caliciviruses. | 1999 | 10515273 |
| the composition of australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk throughout lactation. | the proximate chemical composition of milk was determined throughout lactation in the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus wood jones), a temperate species with an 11-mo lactation period typical of most temperate otariids. average lipid and protein contents were 42% and 10%, respectively, which is similar to that recorded for the polar otariid species but higher than reported in other temperate, long-lactation species. milk composition, however, varied substantially throughout l ... | 1999 | 10521328 |
| granulocytic ehrlichiosis and tick infestation in mountain lions in california. | forty-seven mountain lions (puma concolor) collected year-round in 1996 to 1998 from the sierra nevada foothills, the northern coast ranges, and in monterey county (california, usa) were examined for infestation with ixodes pacificus and dermacentor variabilis ticks. ticks were found predominantly in winter and spring. the seroprevalence of granulocytic ehrlichiae (ge) antibodies (ehrlichia equi or the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) was 17% and the pcr-prevalence of dna characteristic ... | 1999 | 10574529 |
| mycobacterium bovis as a zoonosis in the kruger national park, south africa. | the kruger national park (knp), mpumalanga province, south africa. | 1999 | 10599016 |
| the place of callimico goeldii in the callitrichine phylogenetic tree: evidence from von willebrand factor gene intron ii sequences. | sequences of a 0.9-kb dna segment spanning intron 11 of the von willebrand factor gene (vwf) were determined for 21 individuals of 19 primate species. the results of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these vwf sequences are congruent with previous molecular findings from other nonlinked nuclear genomic loci which divide the platyrrhine superfamily ceboidea into three monophyletic families: cebidae, atelidae, and pitheciidae. the vwf results strongly support the taxon callitric ... | 1999 | 10603266 |
| feline papillomas and papillomaviruses. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. although pv infections in the various felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. pv-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavir ... | 2000 | 10643975 |
| prevalence of bartonella henselae antibody in florida panthers. | serum samples from 28 free-ranging florida panthers (puma concolor coryi) and seven mountain lions from texas (p. concolor stanleyana) living in south florida (usa) between 1997 to 1998 were tested for antibodies to bartonella henselae. twenty percent (7/35) of the samples were reactive to b. henselae antisera with a subspecies prevalence of 18% (5/ 28) for florida panthers and 28% (2/7) for cougars from texas (usa). there was not a significant sex related difference in infection rates among the ... | 2000 | 10682759 |
| effects of allocare-givers on fitness of infants and parents in callitrichid primates. | the effects of callitrichid primate helpers (allocare-givers other than an infant's father) on the survival, reproduction or behavior of infants and parents are reviewed, using both published studies and data from free-ranging golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). three lines of evidence suggest that helpers may increase their own inclusive fitness: (1) the number of adult males acting as helpers in free-ranging groups is correlated with the number of surviving infants in 3 callitrichid ... | 2000 | 10686485 |
| serological and demographic evidence for domestic dogs as a source of canine distemper virus infection for serengeti wildlife. | following an epidemic of canine distemper virus (cdv) in serengeti lions in 1994, the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of the disease was investigated by serological and demographic analyses. from 1992 to 1994, data were collected from two domestic dog populations bordering the serengeti national park. several lines of evidence indicated that patterns of cdv infection differed significantly between higher-density dog populations of serengeti district to the west of the park and lower-de ... | 2000 | 10727832 |
| molecular tracking of mountain lions in the yosemite valley region in california: genetic analysis using microsatellites and faecal dna. | twelve microsatellite loci were characterized in california mountain lions (puma concolor) and sufficient polymorphism was found to uniquely genotype 62 animals sampled at necropsy. microsatellite genotypes obtained using mountain lion faecal dna matched those from muscle for all of 15 individuals examined. dna from potential prey species and animals whose faeces could be misidentified as mountain lion faeces were reliably distinguished from mountain lions using this microsatellite panel. in a f ... | 2000 | 10736046 |
| feline asthma syndrome in african lions (panthera leo). | feline asthma syndrome, previously recognized only in domestic cats, was diagnosed in three captive african lions (panthera leo), one of which died as a result of the condition. two of the lions displayed progressive signs for 7 yr, including severe bouts of coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, rhonchi, and tachypnea that were most severe during the spring and summer, and the third lion displayed acute signs only once. scattered to diffuse increased interstitial markings, peribronchial cuffing, and foca ... | 1999 | 10749445 |
| genomic ancestry of the american puma (puma concolor). | puma concolor, a large american cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any new world terrestrial mammal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude from the canadian yukon to the straits of magellan. until the recent holocene, pumas coexisted with a diverse array of carnivores including the american lion (panthera atrox), the north american cheetah (miracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (smilodon fatalis). genomic dna specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 cont ... | 2000 | 10833043 |
| feline herpesvirus infection in a group of semi-captive cheetahs. | clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in south africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. the first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came from australia and the usa in 1970. subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to cap ... | 1999 | 10852685 |
| differences between antigenic determinants of pig and cat zona pellucida proteins. | despite many efforts, the control of reproduction in feral cat populations is still a problem in urban regions around the world. immunocontraception is a promising approach; thus the present study examined the suitability of the widely used pig zona pellucida proteins (pzp) for contraception in feral domestic cats. purified zona pellucida proteins obtained from pig and cat ovaries were used to produce highly specific antisera in rabbits. antibodies against pzp raised in rabbits or lions were not ... | 2000 | 10864809 |
| degenerative spinal disease in large felids. | degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. in contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (panthera leo), 16 tigers (panthera tigris), 4 leopards (panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (panthera onca) from the knoxville zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. the medical record, radiograph ... | 2000 | 10884118 |
| parasites and parasite stages of free-ranging wild lions (panthera leo) of northern tanzania. | fecal samples from 33 lions (panthera leo) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area in northern tanzania contained 19 different parasites, 12 of which, including aelurostrongylus sp., a species of acanthocephala, a species of anoplocephalidae, capillaria sp., demodex sp., eimeria sp., habronema sp., isospora felis, isospora rivolta, one species of isospora that was previously undescribed from lions, one species of trematoda that was previously undescribed from lions, an ... | 2000 | 10884125 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection in leontopithecus rosalia at the reserva biológica de poco das antas, rio de janeiro, brazil. | wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) - endangered primates that are native to the brazilian atlantic coastal forest - were surveyed for the presence of trypanosoma cruzi with the use of giemsa-stained blood smears, hemocultures and an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifat). positive ifat with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1280 were observed in 52% of the 118 wild tamarins examined and the parasite was isolated from 38 tamarins. no patent parasitemia was observed among the tamarin ... | 2000 | 10904398 |
| epizootic vesicular disease in captive california sea lions. | an epizootic of vesicular disease occurred in a group of semi-domesticated california sea lions (zalophus californianus) during the months of april and may 1997. ten castrated mature male sea lions, ages 12 to 19 yr, were housed in three adjacent open-ocean net enclosures in san diego bay (california, usa). four animals (40%) developed oral and extremity vesicles, anorexia, and were reluctant to perform learned behaviors. one animal developed vesicles but maintained a normal appetite and behavio ... | 2000 | 10941736 |
| conservation value of a native forest fragment in a region of extensive agriculture. | a survey of mammals and birds was carried out in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of 150 ha located in a zone of intensive agriculture in ribeirão preto, state of são paulo, south-eastern brazil. line transect sampling was used to census mammals and birds during six days, totalling 27.8 km of trails and 27.8 hours of observation. twenty mammal species were confirmed in the area (except bats and small mammals), including rare or endangered species, such as the mountain lion (puma concolor), the m ... | 2000 | 10959107 |
| disseminated blastomycosis in two california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | two captive california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from different facilities were diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis. the first, a 12-yr-old male, died after a 3-wk history of progressive anorexia and lethargy. gross examination revealed acute jejunitis with focal perforation and associated peritonitis, along with severe purulent bronchopneumonia. the second, a 15-yr-old female, was euthanized after a 2-wk history of severe cutaneous ulceration and declining clinical condition. gro ... | 2000 | 10982135 |
| toxoplasmosis in golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas) and emperor marmosets (saguinus imperator) in captivity. | from 1991 to 1995, eight new world nonhuman primates of the family callitrichidae belonging to the collection of fundacão parque zoologico de são paulo died of toxoplasmosis. of the eight affected nonhuman primates, four were leontopithecus chrysomelas (one male, three females) and four were saguinus imperator (two males, two females). the most commonly affected organs were the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes, with hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions. histopathologic examination revealed protozoa tha ... | 2000 | 10982139 |
| malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a south american sea lion (otaria byronia) with dermatitis. | a fungus was isolated from the skin of an otaria byronia and from the water of the pool in which the animal was kept. it formed creamy colonies with soft texture on dixon agar and grew well without supplements of long-chain fatty acids. cells were ovoid to cylindrical in shape, budded from a broad base, and budded and divided at the same location. thus, the isolate was identified as m. pachydermatis. we compared this very rare isolate from a marine mammal with four strains of m. pachydermatis us ... | 2000 | 10993190 |
| foraging energetics and diving behavior of lactating new zealand sea lions, phocarctos hookeri. | the new zealand sea lion, phocarctos hookeri, is the deepest- and longest-diving sea lion. we were interested in whether the diving ability of this animal was related to changes in its at-sea and diving metabolic rates. we measured the metabolic rate, water turnover and diving behavior of 12 lactating new zealand sea lions at sandy bay, enderby island, auckland islands group, new zealand (50 degrees 30's, 166 degrees 17'e), during january and february 1997 when their pups were between 1 and 2 mo ... | 2000 | 11060226 |
| identification of novel cytochrome p450 1a genes from five marine mammal species. | marine mammals, being endangered by the chronic exposure of hydrophobic environmental contaminants as an assorting result of global pollution, are especially focused as indicators for organochlorine pollution. the use of contaminant-induced xenobiotic metabolizers, particularly p450 (cyp) 1a, in marine mammals can be effective as potential biomarkers of the contaminant exposure and/or toxic effects. in this study, we identified the first marine mammalian cyps. six novel cyp1a cdna fragments were ... | 2000 | 11064121 |
| corneal endothelial cell survival in organ cultures under acute oxidative stress: effect of vip. | human corneal endothelium, a neural crest-derived tissue, has a very limited regenerative capacity and may depend on trophic factors for its survival throughout life, as well as after injury and during storage before transplantation. the purpose of this study was to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), a 28-amino acid neurotrophic factor present in human aqueous humor, promotes the survival of corneal endothelium in corneal organ cultures, and whether vip is produced by the cor ... | 2000 | 11095600 |
| common metastatic carcinoma of california sea lions (zalophus californianus): evidence of genital origin and association with novel gammaherpesvirus. | tissues from 10 adult california sea lions (zalophus californianus, seven females and three males) that had metastatic carcinoma in sublumbar area lymph nodes were examined histologically. a distinctive epithelial proliferative lesion interpreted as intraepithelial neoplasia was found in genital tracts of all ten animals; in vagina (5/7), cervix (7/7), uterus (3/7), penis (3/3) and prepuce (3/3). intraepithelial neoplasia closely resembled metastatic carcinomas and was directly contiguous with i ... | 2000 | 11105950 |
| prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-4 infection in cats in central michigan. | the gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) has been isolated from a wide variety of animals, including lions and domestic cats. although bhv-4 antibodies have been detected in normal cats and cats with urinary disorders, the epidemiology and pathogenic role of bhv-4 in cats is unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bhv-4 antibodies and viral nucleic acid in a population of free-roaming cats. plasma and peripheral blood leukocyte samples were collected from 5 ... | 2000 | 11110380 |
| suicide in a lions' den. | the case of a young man who committed suicide in a lions' den of a zoo is presented. special attention is paid to the injury pattern which was characterised by numerous penetrating, stab-like wounds and lesions. the remarkable circumstances and history of this incident are most likely connected to a psychological or psychiatric disorder of the victim. | 2000 | 11197612 |
| the man-eaters with bad teeth. | two cases of man-eating lions feeding on large numbers of humans (1898, 1991) are discussed. the forensic dental evidence from the lions' remains and eyewitness reports indicate all three lions had serious dental/oral pathology, which may have contributed to their selection of human food over more challenging natural animal prey. | 2000 | 11199522 |
| retrospective analysis of an outbreak of b virus infection in a colony of debrazza's monkeys (cercopithecus neglectus). | in 1981, an outbreak of herpetic disease developed in a colony of debrazza's monkeys (cercopithecus neglectus). in seven of eight infected animals, clinical signs of infection included vesicular and ulcerative lesions on the lips, tongue, and/or palate. histologic examination of lesions revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies, and electron microscopy revealed nucleocapsids and virions with typical herpesvirus morphology. although a virus was isolated that appeared similar to monkey b virus, techn ... | 2000 | 11200573 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxviii. ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species. | ixodid ticks were collected from 104 wild carnivores belonging to 23 species in various nature reserves and on several farms in all nine provinces of south africa. seven feral cats in a nature reserve were also examined. twenty-four tick species belonging to seven genera were recovered and identified. amongst these ticks we consider the adults of haemaphysalis leachi, haemaphysalis spinulosa, haemaphysalis zumpti, ixodes rubicundus, rhipicentor nuttalli, rhipicephalus simus and rhipicephalus tur ... | 2000 | 11206391 |
| gastric ollulanus tricuspis infection identified in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with chronic vomiting. | gastritis, vomition and weight loss are common in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). gastric spiral bacteria (helicobacter spp.) and the very small, viviparous nematode ollulanus tricuspis, a stomach worm of cats, are believed to be important causes. three sibling cheetahs at wellington zoo, new zealand, developed chronic vomiting, diarrhoea and debility. their parents were both south african-born. response to antibacterial treatment was poor. endoscopic examinations revealed chronic lymphopla ... | 2000 | 11212940 |
| characterization of otostrongylus circumlitus from pacific harbor and northern elephant seals. | otostrongylus circumlitus (railliet, 1899) from pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi) and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) were examined using morphological and molecular methods to determine whether northern elephant seals along the central california coast are infected by the same species of otostrongylus as are pacific harbor seals in the same area. fixed nematodes were examined and measured using light microscopy. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amp ... | 2001 | 11227905 |
| eradication of posterior capsule opacification: documentation of a marked decrease in nd:yag laser posterior capsulotomy rates noted in an analysis of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem. | (1) to report the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser posterior capsulotomy rate (%) of eight rigid and foldable intraocular lens (iol) designs in a series of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem, accessioned in our center between january 1988 and january 2000. (2) to identify factors that are instrumental in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification, (pco, secondary cataract) and hence the need for nd:yag laser posterior capsulotomy. | 2001 | 11237905 |
| human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen testing in cornea donors. | testing for the p24 antigen of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may detect early hiv infection in the seronegative window; however, falsely reactive results may occur in cadaver specimens. although neither the food and drug administration (fda) nor the eye bank association of america requires p24 testing of cornea donors, many tissue banks using other organs from cornea donors do perform this assay, and the fda requires that eye banks reject corneal tissue if a reactive p24 assay is report ... | 2001 | 11322416 |
| phylogeny of lion tamarins (leontopithecus spp) based on interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein intron sequences. | the evolutionary relationships of the lion tamarins (leontopithecus) were investigated using nuclear interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein (irbp) intron sequences. phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support the monophyly of the genus, and a sister relationship between the golden lion tamarin, leontopithecus rosalia, and the black lion tamarin, l. chrysopygus, to the exclusion of the golden-headed lion tamarin, l. chrysomelas. the most parsimonious evolutionary reconstruction suggests tha ... | 2001 | 11329166 |
| chimeric creatures in greek mythology and reflections in science. | "the chimaera" in homer's iliad, "was of divine stock, not of men, in the forepart a lion, in the hinder a serpent, and in the midst a goat, ellipsis bellerophon slew her, trusting in the signs of the gods." in hesiod's theogony it is emphasized that "chimaera ellipsis had three heads, one of a grim-eyed lion, another of a goat, and another of a snakeellipsis". in addition to this interspecies animal chimera, human/animal chimeras are referred to in greek mythology, preeminent among them the cen ... | 2001 | 11337752 |
| pathogenesis of two strains of lion (panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | canine distemper virus (cdv) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. in 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. however, after severe mortality occurred in the serengeti lions (panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as cdv or a closely related feline morbillivirus. the present study was designed to explore the susceptibility ... | 2001 | 11355661 |
| [development of corneal storage medium--second report. examination of human cornea]. | to develop and evaluate by histological methods a new corneal storage medium with a simple formula. | 2001 | 11406944 |
| differences in the number of micronucleated erythrocytes among young and adult animals including humans. spontaneous micronuclei in 43 species. | in our previous report we speculated about the possibility that some species had high levels of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (mne) just in a juvenile stage, this is, that the mne diminish as the reticuloendothelial system matures. here we show this effect in species including rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cat, gray squirrel, lion, giraffe, white-tailed deer, opossum and even human. the number of spontaneous mne that we found in 43 species is shown, and the proportions of polychromatic and no ... | 2001 | 11423355 |
| babesia leo n. sp. from lions in the kruger national park, south africa, and its relation to other small piroplasms. | babesia leo, a small piroplasm isolated from lions in south africa is described as a distinct species based on a phylogenetic analysis of the 18s rrna gene. intraerythrocytic trophozoite and merozoite stages of b. leo are morphologically indistinguishable from other small piroplasms of felids. previous studies showed that b. leo was biologically and antigenically distinct from b. felis, which is known to infect wild and domestic felids in south africa. molecular characterization showed strong su ... | 2001 | 11426735 |
| aerobic dive limit: how often does it occur in nature? | diving animals offer a unique opportunity to study the importance of physiological constraint in their everyday behaviors. an important component of the physiological capability of any diving animal is its aerobic dive limit (adl). the adl has only been measured in a few species. the goal of this study was to estimate the aerobic dive limit from measurements of body oxygen stores and at sea metabolism. this calculated adl (cadl) was then compared to measurements of diving behavior of individual ... | 2001 | 11440864 |
| sources of variability in numbers of live births in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | we examined the effects of several variables on the number of live births in multiparous females in a wild population of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). independent variables included the number of infants born to a female the previous breeding season, the number of infants weaned the previous breeding season, the female's age and body mass, the number of adult males and helpers in the group, and the inbreeding coefficient of the offspring. we also tested the hypothesis that trapp ... | 2001 | 11468751 |
| antibody response of dogs inoculated with a large number of cultured canine monocytes adsorbed with a calicivirus in advance. | five conventional beagle dogs were intravenously injected with ten million canine monocyte cells (cn/k99) cultured in vitro (kadoi, 2000) adsorbed with a strain of calicivirus originally isolated from lions (kadoi et al., 1997). another two beagle dogs were injected similarly with the virus suspension solely as control. serum samples were collected from these dogs at intervals and specific seroneutralizing antibody production against the virus was measured in vitro. a significantly higher antibo ... | 2001 | 11497089 |
| representing properties locally. | theories of knowledge such as feature lists, semantic networks, and localist neural nets typically use a single global symbol to represent a property that occurs in multiple concepts. thus, a global symbol represents mane across horse, pony, and lion. alternatively, perceptual theories of knowledge, as well as distributed representational systems, assume that properties take different local forms in different concepts. thus, different local forms of mane exist for horse, pony, and lion, each cap ... | 2001 | 11527433 |
| the epidemiology of tuberculosis in free-ranging african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park, south africa. | the presence of bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in the kruger national park (knp) was determined for the first time in 1990. it was diagnosed in an african buffalo (syncerus caffer) bull, which was found recumbent and in an emaciated and moribund state near the south-western boundary fence. this prompted an investigation into the bovine tuberculosis (btb) status of the knp, with emphasis on its epidemiological determinants and risk factors. this report documents the findings of surveys ... | 2001 | 11585089 |
| cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals. | a partial dna sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to taiwan. the conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. the control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattle ... | 2001 | 11587860 |
| circumvention of prey defense by a predator: ant lion vs. ant. | the pit-dwelling ant lion myrmeleon carolinus, although topically sensitive to formic acid, is able to prey on formic acid-spraying ants (camponotus floridanus). it kills the ants without inducing them to spray, and it sucks out the ant's body contents without puncturing the acid sac. ordinarily, when camponotus is attacked it retaliates by simultaneously biting and spraying, but it usually refrains from spraying until it has secured a grip with the mandibles. when myrmeleon pulls camponotus int ... | 1993 | 11607414 |
| canadian doctors--lions or lambs? | | 1982 | 11643795 |
| introduction of corneal astigmatism through placement of a scleral fixation ring in eye bank eyes. | to determine the effect of scleral fixation ring placement in induction of astigmatism by topographic analysis. | 2001 | 11685067 |
| perceptual grouping in two visually reliant species: humans (homo sapiens) and australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | kurylo, van nest, and knepper (1997 journal of comparative psychology 111 126-134) have recently shown that hooded rats are able to judge the global orientation of an array of elements if orientation is signalled by the perceptual-grouping principle of proximity, but not if it is signalled by element alignment. using a procedure designed to overcome some potential problems with the experiment of kurylo et al, we found the same distinction in the perceptual processing of australian sea lions. the ... | 2001 | 11694085 |
| trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern united states. | several potential mammalian reservoirs of sylvatic species of trichinella were examined from texas, new mexico, and arizona. during 1998-99, tongues were collected from a black bear (ursus americanus) in arizona; from 9 black bears, a coyote (canis latrans), and a mountain lion (felis concolor) in new mexico; and from 154 coyotes, 32 raccoons (procyon lotor), 13 opossums (didelphis marsupialis), 4 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), 3 bobcats (lynx rufus), and 5 feral hogs (sus scrofa) in southern tex ... | 2001 | 11695403 |
| measurement and cycle variability: reexamining the case for ovarian-cycle synchrony in primates. | critical reviews of menstrual synchrony studies, over the last 15 years, strongly suggest that synchrony may be a methodological artifact. the primary focus of this paper is on reexamining the evidence for synchrony in the two other primate species: chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). it is demonstrated, with computer simulation, that cycle variability can yield misleading measurements of synchrony when it is assumed that the mean absolute difference ... | 2001 | 11738507 |