| Communication and Cognition in Primate Group Movement. | We here review the communicative and cognitive processes underpinning collective group movement in animals. Generally, we identify 2 major axes to explain the dynamics of decision making in animal or human groups or aggregations: One describes whether the behavior is largely determined by simple rules such as keeping a specific distance from the neighbor, or whether global information is also factored in. The second axis describes whether or not the individual constituents of the group have over ... | 2011 | 22207770 |
| effectiveness of saliva collection and enzyme-immunoassay for the quantification of cortisol in socially housed baboons. | circulating cortisol levels are often used to assess the biological stress response in captive primates. some methods commonly used to collect blood samples may alter the stress response. as such, noninvasive means to analyze cortisol levels are increasingly being developed. we adapted an existing collection method to simultaneously obtain saliva from multiple socially living hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) and validated an enzyme-immunoassay kit to quantify cortisol within the sal ... | 2008 | 18785637 |
| Contribution of the crystalline lens gradient refractive index to the accommodation amplitude in non-human primates: In vitro studies. | The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the gradient refractive index to the change in lens power in hamadryas baboon and cynomolgus monkey lenses during simulated accommodation in a lens stretcher. Thirty-six monkey lenses (1.4-14.1 years) and twenty-five baboon lenses (1.8-28.0 years) were stretched in discrete steps. At each stretching step, the lens back vertex power was measured and the lens cross-section was imaged with optical coherence tomography. The radii of curv ... | 2011 | 22131444 |
| genetic evidence for female-biased dispersal and gene flow in a polygynous primate. | many models of sex-biased dispersal predict that the direction of sex-bias depends upon a species' mating system. in agreement with this, almost all polygynous mammals show male-biased dispersal whereas largely monogamous birds show female-biased dispersal (fbd). the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is polygynous and so dispersal is predicted to be male biased, as is found in all other baboon subspecies, but there are conflicting field data showing both female and male dispersal. usi ... | 2006 | 16615216 |
| molecular cloning and expression characterization of apoc-i in the orange-spotted grouper. | endogenous yolk nutrients are crucial for embryo and larval development in fish, but developmental behavior of the genes that control yolk utilization remains unknown. apolipoproteins have been shown to play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, ecapoc-i, the first cloned apoc-i in teleosts, has been screened from pituitary cdna library of female orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), and the deduced amino acid sequence shows 43.5% i ... | 2008 | 18958591 |
| in vivo imaging of autologous islet grafts in the liver and under the kidney capsule in non-human primates. | as islet transplantation begins to show promise as a clinical method, there is a critical need for reliable, noninvasive techniques to monitor islet graft survival. previous work in our laboratory has shown that human islets labeled with a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent and transplanted into mice could be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the potential translation of these findings to the clinical situation requires validation of our methodology in a non-human primate mo ... | 2009 | 19502957 |
| cross-sectional geometry of the femoral midshaft in baboons is heritable. | a great deal of research into the determinants of bone strength has unequivocally demonstrated that variation in bone strength is highly subject to genetic factors. increasing attention in skeletal genetic studies is being paid to indicators of bone quality that complement studies of bmd, including studies of the genetic control of bone geometry. the aim of this study is to investigate the degree to which normal population-level variation in femoral midshaft geometry in a population of pedigreed ... | 2009 | 19523547 |
| possible aspects of using cultured stem cell of laboratory primates in experimental medicine. | we describe the methods of isolation and culturing of mesenchymal stem cells from 3 monkey species macaca mulatta, papio hamadryas, and macaca fascicularis. flow cytofluorometry showed that the cells do not express cd34, cd45, and hla-dr, but most of them (78-98%) express cd90 marker. the cardioprotective effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells in cardiomyopathy induced by administration of antitumor anthracycline drugs (doxorubicin). | 2012 | 23330109 |
| microbial community analysis of rectal methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria in two non-human primate species. | methanogenesis by methanogenic archaea and sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (srb) are the major hydrogenotrophic pathways in the human colon. methanogenic status of mammals is suggested to be under evolutionary rather than dietary control. however, information is lacking regarding the dynamics of hydrogenotrophic microbial communities among different primate species. | 2009 | 19548980 |
| baboon palm nut harvesters in ancient egypt: new (ancient) evidence, new questions. | it is well documented that hamadryas baboons were used by the ancient egyptians to pick fruits, but it is not well known that these baboons were also used to collect palm nuts. we describe this practice as it is depicted on a painting on a rarely exhibited ancient egyptian artefact. striking similarities with the modern use of pig-tailed macaques as coconut harvesters are described, raising new questions about the demise of the practice in africa and its continuation in south-east asia. | 2009 | 19628946 |
| growth hormone-related genes from baboon (papio hamadryas): characterization, placental expression and evolutionary aspects. | pregnancy is a complex physiological condition, and the growth hormone (gh)-related hormones produced in the placenta, which emerged during the evolution of primates, are thought to play an important metabolic role in pregnancy that is not yet fully understood. the aim of this study was to identify the genes and transcription products of the gh family in baboon (papio hamadryas) and to assess these in relation to the evolution of this gene family. gh-related transcripts were amplified using tota ... | 2010 | 19651193 |
| rates of self-directed behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid levels are not correlated in female wild olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis). | non-invasive methods to quantify components of stress in non-human animals rely typically on the use of physiological or behavioural measures. at the physiological level, stress is usually measured non-invasively in terms of faecal or urinary glucocorticoid output. a common group of behavioural measures used are self-directed behaviours (sdbs), which have been shown to be linked to anxiety, a subset of stress, although a number of authors have explicitly linked sdbs to stress more generally. whe ... | 2009 | 19658026 |
| the fourth level of social structure in a multi-level society: ecological and social functions of clans in hamadryas baboons. | hamadryas baboons are known for their complex, multi-level social structure consisting of troops, bands, and one-male units (omus) [kummer, 1968. social organization of hamadryas baboons. chicago: the university of chicago press. 189p]. abegglen [1984. on socialization in hamadryas baboons: a field study. lewisburg, pa: bucknell university press. 207p.] observed a fourth level of social structure comprising several omus that rested near one another on sleeping cliffs, traveled most closely toget ... | 2009 | 19670312 |
| cancellous and cortical microparticulate allograft for dental implantation: an experimental study in non-human primates. | : a comparison of freeze-dried cancellous and cortical particulate bone allograft was made using a non-human primate model. | 2009 | 22129960 |
| use of palm trees as a sleeping site for hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) in ethiopia. | hamadryas baboons sleep on cliffs throughout their range, and this can be attributed to the safety cliffs provide against predators in the absence of tall trees. in this paper, we report the first documented occurrence of hamadryas baboons sleeping in doum palm trees rather than on cliffs. data derive from a study of hamadryas baboons at the filoha site in lowland ethiopia. during all-day follows, data were collected on travel patterns, band activity, and location. variation in the baboons' home ... | 2008 | 17701992 |
| de novo sequencing of two new cyclic theta-defensins from baboon (papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. | two cyclic theta-defensin peptides were isolated from leukocytes of the hamadryas baboon, papio hamadryas, and purified to homogeneity by gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. both peptides had high in vitro activity against escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and candida albicans. here, we report their de novo sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spec ... | 2010 | 20155756 |
| the effects of a single cervical inoculation of chlamydia trachomatis on the female reproductive tract of the baboon (papio anubis). | the baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) can be transcervically instrumented, facilitating studies of intrauterine contraception and reproductive tract infection. we sought to determine if the baboon could become infected with a single cervical inoculation of chlamydia trachomatis. | 2011 | 21921205 |
| darwin's apes and "savages". | since his visit to tierra del fuego in the 1830s, darwin had been fascinated by the "savages" that succeeded in surviving on such a "broken beach", and because they were certainly similar in behaviour to our ancestors. however, he was also fascinated by baboons' behaviour, according to brehm's accounts: hamadryas baboons showed a strong altruism to the point of risking their own lives in order to save their infants from attack by dogs. in 1871, he mentions he would rather have descended from bra ... | 2010 | 20338533 |
| attenuation correction for the large non-human primate brain imaging using micropet. | assessment of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals in vivo is often performed on animal models of human disease prior to their use in humans. the baboon brain is physiologically and neuro-anatomically similar to the human brain and is therefore a suitable model for evaluating novel cns radioligands. we previously demonstrated the feasibility of performing baboon brain imaging on a dedicated small animal pet scanner provided that the data are accurately corrected for d ... | 2010 | 20360636 |
| strong and consistent social bonds enhance the longevity of female baboons. | longevity is a major component of variation in fitness in long-lived iteroparous species [1-4]. among female baboons, variation in breeding lifespan accounts for approximately 50% of the variation in lifetime fitness [5, 6]. however, we know little about the causes of variation in longevity in primates or other long-lived mammals. savannah baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring relationships with specific female partners, particularly with close relatives and agemates [7-10]. the quality o ... | 2010 | 20598541 |
| comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls. | a growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. to examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: aepyceros melampus ... | 2010 | 20607576 |
| mitochondrial genome analyses suggest multiple trichuris species in humans, baboons, and pigs from different geographical regions. | the whipworms trichuris trichiura and trichuris suis are two parasitic nematodes of humans and pigs, respectively. although whipworms in human and non-human primates historically have been referred to as t. trichiura, recent reports suggest that several trichuris spp. are found in primates. | 2015 | 26367282 |
| genetic integration of molar cusp size variation in baboons. | many studies of primate diversity and evolution rely on dental morphology for insight into diet, behavior, and phylogenetic relationships. consequently, variation in molar cusp size has increasingly become a phenotype of interest. in 2007 we published a quantitative genetic analysis of mandibular molar cusp size variation in baboons. those results provided more questions than answers, as the pattern of genetic integration did not fit predictions from odontogenesis. to follow up, we expanded our ... | 0 | 20034010 |
| naturally acquired picornavirus infections in primates at the dhaka zoo. | the conditions in densely populated bangladesh favor picornavirus transmission, resulting in a high rate of infection in the human population. data suggest that nonhuman primates (nhp) may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of diverse picornaviruses in bangladesh. at the dhaka zoo, multiple nhp species are caged in close proximity. their proximity to other species and to humans, both zoo workers and visitors, provides the potential for cross-species transmission. to investigate poss ... | 2013 | 23097447 |
| isolation and characterization of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from dogs and primates. | although bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been suggested beneficial for the host and are components of many probiotics and competitive exclusion mixtures, the knowledge on abundance, metabolic and probiotic characteristics in isolates from dogs and monkeys is still limited. the present study was aimed to isolate bifidobacterium and lactobacillus strains (faeces of 22 dogs and of 5 primates: cebus apella, eulemur fulvus, erythrocebus patas, macaca fascicularis, papio hamadryas) with the maldi ... | 2014 | 24239978 |
| generation of a specific-pathogen-free baboon colony. | we undertook establishing an spf baboon colony in response to requests from researchers. to enable the widest possible future use of spf baboons, our aim was to develop an spf colony of baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) free of 12 target viruses: 5 herpesviruses, 4 retroviruses, simian virus 40, measles, and monkeypox. infant baboons were removed from their mothers within 24 h of birth and nursery-reared. groups of 3 to 8 age-matched conspecifics were isolated in separate rooms for 1 y while unde ... | 2010 | 21205446 |
| novel genital alphapapillomaviruses in baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) with cervical dysplasia. | genital alphapapillomavirus (αpv) infections are one of the most common sexually transmitted human infections worldwide. women infected with the highly oncogenic genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 are at high risk for development of cervical cancer. related oncogenic αpvs exist in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. here the authors identified 3 novel genital αpv types (phpv1, phpv2, phpv3) by pcr in cervical samples from 6 of 15 (40%) wild-caught female kenyan olive baboons (papio h ... | 2013 | 22446324 |
| not without a fair fight: failed abductions of females in wild hamadryas baboons. | in contrast to other papionin monkeys, hamadryas baboons are characterized by female-biased dispersal. given that hamadryas females do not disperse voluntarily, one mechanism for female transfer between bands is thought to be abductions during aggressive intergroup conflict. to date, however, no successful abductions have been witnessed. we describe three abduction events at the filoha field site in ethiopia, two interband and one intraband, in which the abductors successfully separated a female ... | 2011 | 21359653 |
| correlation between presence of trypanosoma cruzi dna in heart tissue of baboons and cynomolgus monkeys, and lymphocytic myocarditis. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, preferentially infects cardiac and digestive tissues. baboons living in texas (papio hamadryas) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) have been reported to be infected naturally with t. cruzi. in this study, we retrospectively reviewed cases of animals that were diagnosed with lymphocytic myocarditis and used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method (s36/s35 primer set) to amplify t. cruzi dna from archived frozen and formal ... | 2014 | 24567317 |
| relationship between canine dimorphism and mandibular morphology in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey. | to examine morphological interrelationships between canine size and mandibular corpus shape, inter-sex comparisons were made in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey, known to display extreme and moderate canine dimorphism, respectively. results of adult comparisons showed that all mandibular dimensions were significantly larger in the males than in the females in both species. in the hamadryas baboon, the males also exhibited a higher ratio of anterior to posterior corpus height than the ... | 2010 | 21404236 |
| fecal microbial diversity and putative function in captive western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong). | microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and nutrition. although gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals, little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or carnivora. we characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong) to compare the microbiomes associate ... | 2014 | 25236539 |
| treponema infection associated with genital ulceration in wild baboons. | the authors describe genital alterations and detailed histologic findings in baboons naturally infected with treponema pallidum. the disease causes moderate to severe genital ulcerations in a population of olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) at lake manyara national park in tanzania. in a field survey in 2007, 63 individuals of all age classes, both sexes, and different grades of infection were chemically immobilized and sampled. histology and molecular biological tests were used to detect an ... | 2011 | 21411621 |
| Interspecies difference in placement of developing teeth and its relationship with cross-sectional geometry of the mandibular symphysis in four primate species including modern humans. | The form of the anthropoid mandibular symphysis has recently been addressed in association with spatial requirements for the forming anterior teeth. To evaluate potential relationships between the symphyseal shape and teeth further, the growth patterns of the symphyseal region and the positioning of the tooth crypts were examined using CT data, comparing four primate species (modern humans, chimpanzees, Japanese monkeys, and hamadryas baboons) with varied symphyseal curvature and tooth size. Fir ... | 2011 | 22120684 |
| identification of a derived dental trait in the papionini relative to other old world monkeys. | variation in the shape of teeth provides an immense amount of information about the evolutionary history and adaptive strategy of a mammalian lineage. here, we explore variation in the expression of a purported molar lingual remnant (the interconulus) across the old world monkeys (primates: cercopithecidae) with the aim of elucidating a component of the adaptive radiation of this family. this radiation is characterized by a wide geographic range (asia and africa) as well as diverse dietary niche ... | 2014 | 25100299 |
| ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and baboons. | previous studies suggest that the postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the mechanical loading of its long bones. relatively extended limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce anteroposterior (a-p) relative to mediolateral (m-l) bending of the limb bones and therefore decrease a-p/m-l rigidity. we test this hypothesis by examining growth-related changes in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in ontogenetic patterns of joint posture. | 2016 | 27252095 |
| analysis of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and african green monkeys. | the function of prostate-specific antigen (psa) is to liquefy the semen coagulum so that the released sperm can fuse with the ovum. fifteen spliced variants of the psa gene have been reported in humans, but little is known about alternative splicing in nonhuman primates. positive selection has been reported in sex- and reproductive-related genes from sea urchins to drosophila to humans; however, there are few studies of adaptive evolution of the psa gene. here, using polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2014 | 24732672 |
| [steroid metabolism in primates. iv. isolation of aldosterone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas]. | | 1969 | 4982968 |
| [steroid metabolism in primates. vi. isolation of progesterone and pregnenolone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercepithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas]. | | 1969 | 4982969 |
| changes in cerebral blood flow during an alteration in glycemic state in a large non-human primate (papio hamadryas sp.). | changes in cerebral blood flow (cbf) during a hyperglycemic challenge were mapped, using perfusion-weighted mri, in a group of non-human primates. seven female baboons were fasted for 16 h prior to 1-h imaging experiment, performed under general anesthesia, that consisted of a 20-min baseline, followed by a bolus infusion of glucose (500 mg/kg). cbf maps were collected every 7 s and blood glucose and insulin levels were sampled at regular intervals. blood glucose levels rose from 51.3 ± 10.9 to ... | 2017 | 28261040 |
| placental growth factor reduces blood pressure in a uteroplacental ischemia model of preeclampsia in nonhuman primates. | an imbalance in the angiogenesis axis during pregnancy manifests as clinical preeclampsia because of endothelial dysfunction. circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sflt-1) increases and placental growth factor (plgf) reduces before and during disease. we investigated the clinical and biochemical effects of replenishing the reduced circulating plgf with recombinant human plgf (rhplgf) and thus restoring the angiogenic balance. hypertensive proteinuria was induced in a nonhuman primate ( ... | 2016 | 27091894 |
| the effect of a feeding schedule change and the provision of forage material on hair eating in a group of captive baboons (papio hamadryas sp.). | hair eating in nonhuman primates is thought to result from a frustrated appetitive drive produced by an inappropriate diet. to investigate whether hair eating could be reduced through changes in diet, a 2-part study was conducted with a group of baboons (papio hamadryas sp.). the 1st part involved changing to a twice-daily feeding routine, thus providing prolonged access to an appropriate food source. the 2nd part involved scattering a grain mix to encourage more foraging while maintaining a onc ... | 2015 | 25415057 |
| body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in captive baboons (papio hamadryas sp.): sexual dimorphism. | baboons (papio hamadryas sp.) exhibit significant sexual dimorphism in body size. sexual dimorphism is also exhibited in a number of circulating factors associated with risk of cardiometabolic disease. we investigated whether sexual dimorphism in body size and composition underlie these differences. we examined data from 28 male and 24 female outdoor group-housed young adult baboons enrolled in a longitudinal observational study of cardiometabolic disease risk factors. animals were sedated with ... | 2014 | 24318937 |
| parasite transmission risk from geophagic and foraging behavior in chacma baboons. | numerous behavioral and ecological factors are associated with parasite transmission. one factor explored in human research, but absent from nonhuman primate research, is parasite transmission from soil ingestion. human studies suggest geophagy, the regular and deliberate consumption of soil, increases risk of soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infection. geophagy, which is prevalent in nonhuman primates, has several positive associations: gastrointestinal distress alleviation, possible mineral sup ... | 2012 | 22707091 |
| Hair cortisol levels track phylogenetic and age related differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in non-human primates. | Hair has been shown to archive a uniquely time averaged signal of endocrine activity, and holds attractive advantages for both laboratory and field research. Prior research has explored the potential of hair hormone analysis to examine hormone-behavior relationships. To date, no research has focused on the potential of the technique to investigate age-related changes or taxon differences in endocrine function. It is known that non-human primate infants of many taxa exhibit high cortisol levels a ... | 2011 | 21893059 |
| expression patterns of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) of nk-cell and t-cell subsets in old world monkeys. | the expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) on lymphocytes of rhesus macaques and other old world monkeys was unknown so far. we used our recently established monoclonal anti-rhesus macaque kir antibodies in multicolour flow cytometry for phenotypic characterization of kir protein expression on natural killer (nk) cells and t cell subsets of rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, hamadryas baboons, and african green monkeys. similar to human kir, we found clonal expression p ... | 2013 | 23717676 |
| Male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. | Most Old World monkeys show male-biased dispersal. We present the first systematic data on male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group of Rhinopithecus roxellana, based on 4.5 years of field observations in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China. We evaluated both ultimate (inbreeding avoidance and male mating competition) and proximate (food availability and predation risk) factors influencing male dispersal. The focal group contained 34-53 individuals, in 3-4 one-male units (OMUs) and ... | 2011 | 21898518 |
| vertical ridge augmentation using an equine bone and collagen block infused with recombinant human platelet derived growth factor-bb (rhpdgf-bb): a randomized single-blind histologic study in non-human primates. | background: this study tested the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite and collagen bone blocks of equine origin (ehac), infused with recombinant platelet derived growth factor-bb (rhpdgf-bb), to augment localized posterior mandibular defects in non-human primates (papio hamadryas). methods: bilateral critical-size defects simulating severe atrophy were created at the time of the posterior teeth removal. test and control blocks (without growth factor) were randomly grafted into the respective sites ... | 2012 | 22220770 |
| [the cytogenetic characteristics of b-lymphoid lines from papio hamadryas baboons and macaca arctoides brown macaques]. | a cytogenetic analysis of 9 permanent suspension cell lines was performed. cell lines were obtained from papio hamadryas and macaca arctoides cells by different methods. five cell lines originated from non-malignant parental cells. lines spg-5 and spg-6 were analysed at early stages of cultivation, with normal karyotypes being identified. in cell lines pl-11, mal-1 and mal-4 pathological clones with structural and numerical chromosomal rearrangements appeared only following a long-term cultivati ... | 1994 | 7900211 |
| [chromosome identification in macaca arctoides based on study of the differential staining pattern (g-discs). comparison with papio hamadryas g-discs]. | linear chromosome differentiation pattern of macaca arctoides was studied using the romanovsky-gimsa stain (g-banding). the possibility of the identification of all chromosome pairs according to these data is demonstrated. the phenomenon of the irregular intercellular and chromosome differentiation is found out and a suggestion is made about its relation to a real mosaic functional activity of cell genomes. a great similarity in linear chromosome differentiation for 2 from 42 studied chromosome ... | 1975 | 56288 |
| nonhuman primate ocular biometry. | to examine ocular growth in nonhuman primates (nhps) from measurements on ex vivo eyes. | 2016 | 26780314 |
| the zonules selectively alter the shape of the lens during accommodation based on the location of their anchorage points. | to determine the role of anterior and posterior zonular tension on the optomechanical lens response during accommodation simulation. | 2015 | 25698707 |
| cytogenetic and fertility studies of a rheboon, rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) x baboon (papio hamadryas) cross: further support for a single karyotype nomenclature. | historically, two different numbering systems have been used to describe the baboon and macaque karyotypes. however, g-banding studies and, more recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization results have shown that the two karyotypes are virtually identical. to confirm this hypothesis, cytogenetic analysis of an unusual animal, a rheboon, was undertaken. the rheboon reported here, an 18-year-old male, is the only long-term survivor of 26 pregnancies resulting from matings between female baboons ( ... | 1999 | 10502238 |
| [the characteristics of the intragroup behavior of rhesus macaques and hamadryas baboons during the realization of food motivation in a competitive situation]. | the aim of the present work is to consider the specific interrelations in "family" units of macaques (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas) during food-getting reactions in competitive conditions. detailed analysis of dyadic interactions revealed that competing partners demonstrate more various types of behaviour tactics at the initial stage of learning. at the final one, only males of both investigated species performed instrumental reactions and received the food reward. all females de ... | 2006 | 1300021 |
| [cytoarchitectonics of the frontal area fields of the cerebral cortex in the hamadryas baboon and the rhesus macaque in ontogeny]. | structural organization of the fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47, 44 + 45 + 46 has been studied in papio hamadryas and in macaca rhesus during pre- and postnatal periods of development. volumes of the fields, size of the cells, thickness of the cortex and its layers have been defined. not only certain similarities, but some essential differences have been revealed in the development of the fields mentioned. the differences are manifested in complicating the frontal area of the papio hamadryas cerebral ... | 1983 | 6615248 |
| [identification of simian chromosomes by the differential staining method with romanovskii-giemza stain. ii. papio hamadryas]. | by means of differential staining with the romanovsky - gimsa dye the distribution of g-bands was studied in chromosomes of bone marrow cells and of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in papio hamadryas. all the homologous chromosome pairs were identified. it was shown, as compared papio hamadryas karyotypes with that of macaca mulatta, that patterns of most chromosomes differentiation were similar. certain differences between these species were observed in the character of differentiation of ... | 1975 | 60271 |
| [identification of simian chromosomes by a method of differential staining with romanovskii--giemsa solution. ii. papio hamadryas]. | by means of differential staining wiyh the romanovsky-- gimsa dye the distribution of g-bands was studied in chromosomes of bone marrow cells and of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in papio hamadryas. all the homologous chromosome pairs were identified. it was shown, as compared papio hamadryas karyotoypes with that of macaca mulatta, that patterns of most chromosomes differentiation were similar. certain differences between these species were observed in the character of differentiation o ... | 1975 | 57902 |
| stability of partner choice among female baboons. | in a wide range of taxa, including baboons, close social bonds seem to help animals cope with stress and enhance long-term reproductive success and longevity. current evidence suggests that female baboons may benefit from establishing and maintaining highly individuated relationships with a relatively small number of partners. here, we extend previous work on the stability of female baboons' social relationships in three different ways. first, we assess the stability of females' social relations ... | 2012 | 23885128 |
| [postcoital contraception in primates. ii. examination of sts 153 and sts 287 as interceptives in the baboon (papio hamadryas)]. | the interceptive activity of 2 new synthesized steroid compounds: sts 153 (17 beta-phenylaminocarbonyloxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-methyl ether and sts 287 (16 alpha-bromo-17 beta-[n',n'-dimethylhydrazino]-carbonyloxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-methyl ether) and of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol was investigated in baboons.--postcoital oral administration of 1--3 mg/kg b. w. sts 153 for 5--7 days and of 1 mg/kg b. w. sts 287 for 5 days resulted in a fertility inhibition of about 90% and 95% respectivel ... | 1998 | 106578 |
| group housing of hamadryas baboons: a new cage design based upon field studies of social organization. | the hamadryas subspecies, which is utilized extensively for laboratory research, has a social structure unique among baboons. field studies have shown that small one male units are the basic grouping in a complex multi-level social system. a housing design for a research colony of hamadryas baboons was conceived to reflect this unique social organization and related behavioral patterns. the outcome of combining such ethological considerations with practical dictates for housing large laboratory ... | 2013 | 3586614 |
| effect of luliberin on the secretion of the luteinizing hormone depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle in intact and castrated female papio hamadryas. | | 2012 | 3306445 |
| morphological and physiological aspects of digestive processes in the graminivorous primate theropithecus gelada-a preliminary study. | hindgut fermentation has been suggested to contribute significantly to the digestive process in the gelada (theropithecus gelada). we therefore hypothesized that in an in vitro fermentation test (hohenheim gas test, using gas production as measure of microbial digestion) inoculum based on fresh gelada feces would degrade grass to a similar degree as zebra (equus burchelli chapmani) feces and to a higher degree than that of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). additionally, morphology of gelada t ... | 2011 | 21432874 |
| the use of a hypo-osmotic swelling (hos) test on sperm of the pig (sus scrofa domesticus), emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), asian elephant (elephas maximus), hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas), and central rock rat (zyzomys pedunculatus). | a hypo-osmotic swelling test using talp-hepes medium over a range of 50 to 300 mosm/kg was applied to sperm from domestic and endangered species. maximal responses of curling of the sperm tails were seen over a range of osmolalities for epididymal sperm from the pig (100 mosm/kg), hamadryas baboon (range 50-125 mosm/kg), and central rock rat (range 50-100 mosm/kg), and the ejaculated sperm from the emu (50 mosm/kg) and the asian elephant (range 75-150 mosm/kg). a solution of talp-hepes medium at ... | 2009 | 19734955 |
| first identification of tannin-binding proteins in saliva of papio hamadryas using ms/ms mass spectrometry. | hamadryas baboons possess salivary proline-rich proteins (prp), as indicated by the presence of pink-staining protein bands using 1d sds gel electrophoresis and coomassie r250 staining. the ability of these protein bands to interact with tannic acid was further examined. in a tannin-binding assay using 5 µg tannic acid mixed with hamadryas whole saliva, we recently found four distinct protein bands of apparently 72, 55, 20, and 15 kda that were precipitated during the experiments. in this work, ... | 2011 | 21520214 |
| [steroid metabolism of primates. 13. isolation of cortisone, tetrahydro-cortisone, tetrahydro-cortisol and allo-tetrahydro-cortisol from the urine of macacus rhesus and papio hamadryas]. | | 2012 | 4624287 |
| [comparative pathology of papio hamadryas]. | | 2013 | 3705718 |
| [steroid metabolism in primates. xx. excretion of c21-steroids in urine of women and baboons (papio hamadryas) during pregnancy]. | urinary excretion of 10 c21 steroids was investigated in women and baboons (papio hamadryas) in various stages of pregnancy, in comparison to controls. in pregnant women, excretion of total c21 steroids is slightly increased, whereas in pregnant baboons it is slightly decreased. in women, excretion of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone is diminished, that of 20 beta-oh-f (11-beta,17alpha,20beta,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione) and of 11-deoxycortisol is increased. in pregnant baboon ... | 1998 | 104866 |
| [hormonal activity of the hypophysis-gonadal system in male hamadryas baboons in relationship to their hierarchical position]. | hierarchic status-dependent hormonal activity of pituitary-gonadal system was studied in an isolated group of hamadryas baboons. testosterone level was higher in dominating males. the level of sex hormone was higher in aged animals with great muscle mass. no correlation was observed between hierarchic status of hamadryas baboon males and the blood level of luteinizing hormone. | 2013 | 3955222 |
| gc subtypes identified by isoelectric focusing in baboons (papio hamadryas). | phenotyping for gc variants by conventional electrophoresis in 835 papio hamadryas baboons demonstrated a monomorphic population. gc subtyping by polyacrylamide ief gels, ph 4-6, on 394 of these baboons revealed the existence of two common alleles which we named gc1papio and gc2papio. pedigree data confirmed the inheritance of a single locus, two allele system and the observed gene frequencies were 0.593 for gc1papio and 0.407 for gc2papio. | 2014 | 4038495 |
| chromosomes in the chronic reticulosis of the pavian papio hamadryas. | | 2016 | 4804051 |
| gastric haemorrhage and perforation caused by a trichobezoar in a baboon (papio hamadryas). | a captive-bred male baboon presented with severe evidence of blood loss and melaena. an upper gastrointestinal radiological study with gastrografin showed a large trichobezoar. laparotomy confirmed its presence and revealed gastric ulceration with perforation and generalized peritonitis. the condition was successfully treated by surgery. | 1976 | 2366517 |
| natural infection of baboons by entamoeba histolytica elicits anti- gal-lectin heavy subunit iga and igg antibodies with shared epitope specificity to that of humans. | non-human primates, such as baboons (papio hamadryas anubis), are natural hosts for entamoeba species; infections can be asymptomatic or result in invasive lethal disease. it was sought to determine whether following natural infection by entamoeba. histolytica, baboon anti-amebic antibodies recognized native gallectin, a recombinant portion of the lectin heavy subunit (designated lc3) and specific heavy subunit epitopes; we compared the specificity of anti-amebic antibodies from baboons to that ... | 2013 | 24640872 |
| association between papio hamadryas populations and human gastrointestinal infectious diseases in southwestern saudi arabia. | papio hamadryas baboons, known reservoirs of several infectious diseases, roam and deposit their excreta indiscriminately on footpaths, parks, and streets of the city peripheries of taif, baha, and abha in southwestern saudi arabia. nonetheless, city centers of these places are free of baboons. this study aims to determine the impact of baboons on human gastrointestinal health. | 2015 | 25811201 |
| quantitative genetics, pleiotropy, and morphological integration in the dentition of papio hamadryas. | variation in the mammalian dentition is highly informative of adaptations and evolutionary relationships, and consequently has been the focus of considerable research. much of the current research exploring the genetic underpinnings of dental variation can trace its roots to olson and miller's 1958 book morphological integration. these authors explored patterns of correlation in the post-canine dentitions of the owl monkey and hyopsodus, an extinct condylarth from the eocene. their results were ... | 2009 | 22919117 |
| cytoarchitecture and intrafrontal connections of the frontal cortex of the brain of the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas). | a study was made of the cytoarchitecture of the lateral and medial frontal cortex in the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas). the frontal cortico-cortical connections of areas 46, 8, 6, and 4 were investigated by injection of wheat-germ agglutinine conjugated to horseradish peroxiase (wga-hrp) into different regions of areas 46, 8, and 6. the lateral region of the frontal lobe of the baboon consists of broad areas of motor (area 4), premotor (area 6), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, each ... | 1991 | 1719042 |
| hormonal correlates of ontogeny in baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (cercocebus atys). | this study investigates the relationship between serum hormone levels and morphometrics during ontogeny in olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) and sooty mangabeys (cercocebus atys), to test hypotheses about the endocrine regulation of species size differences. first, we expect that levels of hormones and binding proteins predict size change during ontogeny in both species. second, a high level of integration among the hormones and binding proteins analyzed is expected, with the implication th ... | 2008 | 18257016 |
| serological evidence of coronavirus infections in native hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) of the kingdom of saudi arabia. | the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is the only indigenous species of non-human primates (nhp) found in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). there are no peer-reviewed publications on viral infections of the baboons of ksa. apart from camels, other animals are likely sources of the novel middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) for humans. we investigated evidence of highly pathogenic coronavirus infections including merscov in a large group of commensal baboons accompan ... | 2017 | 28478775 |
| life history theory and dental development in four species of catarrhine primates. | dental development was reconstructed in several individuals representing four species of catarrhine primates--symphalangus syndactylus, hylobates lar, semnopithecus entellus priam, and papio hamadryas--using the techniques of dental histology. bar charts assumed to represent species-typical dental development were constructed from these data and estimated ages at first and third molar emergence were plotted on them along with ages at weaning, menarche, and first reproduction from the literature. ... | 2007 | 17706270 |
| effect of diet on dental development in four species of catarrhine primates. | in this study, dental development is described in two pairs of closely related catarrhine primate species that differ in their degree of folivory: 1) hylobates lar and symphalangus syndactylus, and 2) papio hamadryas hamadryas and semnopithecus entellus. growth increments in histological thin sections are used to reconstruct the chronology of dental development to determine how dental development is accelerated in the more folivorous species of each pair. although anterior tooth formation appear ... | 2003 | 12966517 |
| inference by exclusion in lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus), a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), capuchins (sapajus apella), and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | previous research has suggested that several primate species may be capable of reasoning by exclusion based on the finding that they can locate a hidden object when given information about where the object is not. the present research replicated and extended the literature by testing 2 old world monkey species, lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) and a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), and 2 new world species, capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). the new ... | 2015 | 26010194 |
| the ontogeny of talo-crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: adult shape reflects substrate use. | the upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. this study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. a total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadult specimens from 12 diverse catarrhine taxa were s ... | 2014 | 24842582 |
| does space in the jaw influence the timing of molar crown initiation? a model using baboons (papio anubis) and great apes (pan troglodytes, pan paniscus). | radiographic and histological studies of baboon (papio hamadryas, p. anubis) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) permanent tooth development have found that periods of molar crown mineralization overlap markedly in chimpanzees but are staggered in baboons. here we test the hypothesis that these intertaxon differences in molar initiation are primarily due to the space available in the mandibles of each species for these teeth. this study includes radiographic, linear measurement, and three-dimension ... | 2004 | 14984783 |
| [steroid metabolism in primates. v. isolation of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and adrenosterone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas]. | | 2014 | 4243440 |
| luteinizing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle of the baboon (papio hamadryas). | | 1998 | 110021 |
| variation of hair cortisol concentrations among wild populations of two baboon species (papio anubis, p. hamadryas) and a population of their natural hybrids. | male olive (papio anubis) and hamadryas (p. hamadryas) baboons have distinctive sociobehavioral and physical characteristics. in the awash national park, ethiopia, a hybrid population at the contact zone between these two species, exhibits heterogeneous sociobehavioral and physical characteristics. the ambiguity of the hybrid social environment and disruption of parental stress genotypes may be sources of physiological stress for hybrids. we examined levels of chronic stress among males of the t ... | 2015 | 25903227 |
| transesophageal echocardiography in healthy young adult male baboons (papio hamadryas anubis): normal cardiac anatomy and function in subhuman primates compared to humans. | implantable, viable tissue engineered cardiovascular constructs are rapidly approaching clinical translation. species typically utilized as preclinical large animal models are food stock ungulates for which cross species biological and genomic differences with humans are great. multiple authorities have recommended developing subhuman primate models for testing regenerative surgical strategies to mitigate xenotransplant inflammation. however, there is a lack of specific quantitative cardiac imag ... | 2013 | 24707162 |
| age- and gender-associated changes in the concentrations of serum tgf-1β, dhea-s and igf-1 in healthy captive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis). | age-related changes in the concentration of factors like tgf-1β, dhea-s and igf-1 may increase the risk of disease and illnesses in advanced life. a better understanding of these changes would aid in the development of more appropriate treatments and/or preventative care for many conditions associated with age. due to their similar immune system and vulnerability to pathogens, baboons are an ideal model for humans. however, little research has been done examining the general effects of age in ba ... | 2014 | 24161750 |
| repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation elicits rate-dependent brain network responses in non-human primates. | transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) has the potential to treat brain disorders by tonically modulating firing patterns in disease-specific neural circuits. the selection of treatment parameters for clinical repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) trials has not been rule based, likely contributing to the variability of observed outcomes. | 2013 | 23540281 |
| evaluation of reproduction and raising offspring in a nursery-reared spf baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) colony. | baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) of a conventional breeding colony were nursery-reared to create a specific pathogen-free (spf) baboon-breeding program. because the founding generations were nursery-reared until 2 years of age, it was suspected that the spf baboons would exhibit increased reproductive challenges as adults. mothering behavior was of interest, because spf females were not exposed to parental role models during the nursery-rearing process. we compared reproductive data from the spf ... | 2013 | 23440922 |
| feasibility of lng-ius in a baboon model. | the baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) is an attractive model for intrauterine contraception research due to anatomic similarity to the human. although non-human primates have previously been used for intrauterine contraception research, it was unknown whether modern intrauterine devices (iuds) can be placed in an anatomically similar position in the baboon. this study sought to determine whether human-use iuds could be seated correctly in the uterus of the baboon. | 2013 | 23114737 |
| baboons, water, and the ecology of oxygen stable isotopes in an arid hybrid zone. | baboons regularly drink surface waters derived from atmospheric precipitation, or meteoric water. as a result, the oxygen isotope (δ(18)o) composition of their tissues is expected to reflect that of local meteoric waters. animal proxies of the oxygen isotope composition of meteoric water have practical applications as paleoenvironmental recorders because they can be used to infer aridity and temperature in historic and fossil systems. to explore this premise, we measured the δ(18)o values of hai ... | 2013 | 22902370 |
| tracking development of the corpus callosum in fetal and early postnatal baboons using magnetic resonance imaging. | although the maturation of the corpus callosum (cc) can serve as a sensitive marker for normative antenatal and postnatal brain development, little is known about its development across this critical period. while high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can provide an opportunity to examine normative brain development in humans, concerns remain over the exposure of developing fetuses to non-essential imaging. nonhuman primates can provide a valuable model for normative brain maturation. baboo ... | 2011 | 22253660 |
| the relationship of accentuated lines in enamel to weaning stress in juvenile baboons (papio hamadryas anubis). | weaning conflict may represent an evolutionary conflict of interest between parent and offspring, an honest signal of need on the part of a weanling, or both. accentuated lines visible in histological sections of teeth are indicators of stress during enamel formation and have been hypothesised to form in baboon teeth during weaning. we analysed growth increments in 5 tooth sections from 2 ugandan baboons (papio hamadryas anubis), using polarised light microscopy, to determine when stresses occur ... | 2010 | 21124031 |
| mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (papio spp.): indication for introgressive hybridization? | baboons of the genus papio are distributed over wide ranges of africa and even colonized parts of the arabian peninsula. traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substant ... | 2009 | 19389236 |
| functional analysis and treatment of self-injury in a captive olive baboon. | self-injurious behavior (sib), such as self-biting and head banging, has been reported to occur in approximately 10% of captive, individually housed nonhuman primates. accounts of the etiology of sib in primates range from ecological to physiological. however, to date, no research has examined the possible influence of social consequences delivered by handlers and keepers in the maintenance of sib in this population. the current study investigated the effects of social contact as a potentially r ... | 2009 | 20514183 |
| charting the neglected west: the social system of guinea baboons. | primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. although baboons have been prominently featured in this context, historically little was known about the westernmost member of the genus, the guinea baboon (papio papio). | 2017 | 28105722 |
| olfactomedin-like 2 a and b (olfml2a and olfml2b) expression profile in primates (human and baboon). | the olfactomedin-like domain (olfml) is present in at least four families of proteins, including olfml2a and olfml2b, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. however, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon. | 2016 | 27821182 |
| baboon sexual swellings: information content of size and color. | primate sexual swellings are hormone-dependent sexual signals that play a key role in determining patterns of behavior. they are among the most conspicuous signals exhibited by any mammal, and their large size and bright coloration have fascinated evolutionary biologists for well over a century. a number of different adaptive hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of sexual swellings, and there have been several recent attempts to test some of these using precise swelling measurements m ... | 2008 | 18206889 |
| tracking dietary transitions in weanling baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) using strontium/calcium ratios in enamel. | strontium and calcium are incorporated into developing teeth in a manner that reflects changing physiological concentrations in the body. a new model predicts changes in strontium/calcium (sr/ca) ratios in response to dietary transitions experienced at birth and during the weaning period. microsampling of longitudinal thin sections of tooth enamel using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provides a basis for the systematic evaluation of variation in sr/ca ratios within t ... | 2008 | 18204264 |
| clinical and eeg phenotypes of epilepsy in the baboon (papio hamadryas spp.). | spontaneous seizures have been reported in several baboon subspecies housed at the southwest foundation for biomedical research (sfbr), including papio hamadryas anubis as well as cynocephalus/anubis and other hybrids. this study classified clinical and electroencephalographic (eeg) phenotypes in these subspecies based upon interictal and ictal findings, as well as photosensitivity, by scalp eeg. one hundred baboons underwent 1-h eeg studies with photic stimulation (ps), 49 with previously witne ... | 2005 | 15994062 |
| mitochondrial evidence for the origin of hamadryas baboons. | baboons (mammalia: primates, papio) are found primarily on the continent of africa, but the range of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) extends to the arabian peninsula, and the origin of arabian populations is unclear. to estimate the timing of the divergence between arabian and african hamadryas populations we analyzed mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences from individuals of arabian and african origin, and from representatives of the other major baboon taxa. the oldest hamadryas mitochondrial ... | 2004 | 15186814 |