| characterization of circulating natural killer cells in neotropical primates. | despite extensive use of nonhuman primates as models for infectious diseases and reproductive biology, imprecise phenotypic and functional definitions exist for natural killer (nk) cells. this deficit is particularly significant in the burgeoning use of small, less expensive new world primate species. using polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood nk cells as cd3-negative and expressing a cluster of cell surface molecules characteristic of nk cells (i.e., nkg2a, nkp46, nkp30) ... | 2013 | 24244365 |
| cooperatively breeding cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) do not donate rewards to their long-term mates. | this study tested the hypothesis that cooperative breeding facilitates the emergence of prosocial behavior by presenting cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with the option to provide food rewards to pair-bonded mates. in experiment 1, tamarins could provide rewards to mates at no additional cost while obtaining rewards for themselves. contrary to the hypothesis, tamarins did not demonstrate a preference to donate rewards, behaving similar to chimpanzees in previous studies. in experiment 2, t ... | 2009 | 19685964 |
| major histocompatibility complex class ii polymorphisms in primates. | in the past decade, the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii region of several primate species has been investigated extensively. here we will discuss the similarities and differences found in the mhc class ii repertoires of primate species including humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, cotton-top tamarins and common marmosets. such types of comparisons shed light on the evolutionary stability of mhc class ii alleles, lineages and loci as well as on the evolutionary origin and biolog ... | 1999 | 10319272 |
| social processes in communication and cognition in callitrichid monkeys: a review. | studies of vocal development in nonhuman primates have found little evidence for plasticity in vocal production, somewhat more for usage of calls, with the greatest plasticity arising in response to calls of others. generally, similar results were obtained with callitrichid monkeys, the marmosets and tamarins, but with several interesting exceptions. infant pygmy marmosets show babbling behavior with improvement in adult call structure related to the amount and diversity of babbling. adult marmo ... | 2001 | 24777515 |
| perseveration, inhibition and the prefrontal cortex: a new look. | perseverative actions are often the result of inhibitory problems; however, inhibitory problems do not always lead to perseverative actions. some problems of inhibition have been attributed to immaturity of, or severe damage to, the prefrontal cortex. research in this area has generally failed both to take into account species differences in prefrontal function that lead to different perseverative errors and to distinguish between perseverative errors that arise from a failure to inhibit salient ... | 1999 | 10322177 |
| the relationship between problem solving and inhibitory control: cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) performance on a reversed contingency task. | to explore the relationship between problem solving and inhibitory control, the authors present 4 experiments on cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) using a reverse-reward contingency task. in experiment 1, 1 group of tamarins was given a choice between a small and a large quantity of food. whichever quantity the tamarins reached for first, they received the alternative. the tamarins consistently picked the larger quantity, thereby receiving the smaller. a 2nd group of tamarins was given the ... | 2002 | 11926684 |
| cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) fail to show mirror-guided self-exploration. | to investigate the problem of inter- and intraspecific differences on the mirror test, we conducted two experiments on cotton-top tamarins. experiment 1 employed a technique similar to one used recently on chimpanzees, and provided no evidence of mirror-mediated touching of the marked area. in a control condition, involving colored dye applied to one arm, two subjects also failed to show self-directed touching, even though they clearly looked at their newly dyed arm. under these test conditions, ... | 2001 | 11253848 |
| metabolism of pregnenolone and progesterone by testicular microsomes of the baboon papio anubis and the marmoset saguinus oedipus. | | 1979 | 159981 |
| volatile components of scent material from cotton-top tamarin (saguinus o. oedipus) : a chemical and behavioral study. | the first chemical analysis of the volatile components of scent material from the cotton-top tamarin,saguinus o. oedipus is presented. in contrast to our previous findings in saddle-back tamarins (saguinus fuscicollis), the chemical composition of the scent marks is quite variable. analysis of secretion expressed manually from different areas of the scent pads of sedated animals shows individual and regional variability. only three components (squalene, cholesterol, andp-methoxybenzaldehyde) wer ... | 1988 | 24276286 |
| intestinal carcinomas in two tamarins (saguinus fuscicollis, saguinus oedipus) of the german primate centre. | two colonic mucoid adenocarcinomas in tamarins from the german primate centre are reported. a mucinous mucoid adenocarcinoma occurred in the ascending and the transversal colon of a saguinus oedipus male more than 8 years old, with metastases in the regional lymph nodes and the pancreas. the tumour corresponded to colon cancer in cotton-topped tamarins of other colonies. the second tumour, a well differentiated tubular mucoid adenocarcinoma, developed at the ileocaecal valve of a 14 1/2 year old ... | 1988 | 2839732 |
| congenital anomalies in two neonatal tamarins (saguinus oedipus and saguinus fuscicollis). | congenital anomalies were seen at necropsy of two neonatal tamarins. the defects included achondroplastic-like dwarfism, polydactyly and syndactyly in a saguinus oedipus, and scoliosis and uterus didelphys in a s. fuscicollis. both infants were the offspring of incestuous matings between twin siblings. | 1986 | 3027346 |
| functional implications of skeletal diversity in two south american tamarins. | this study examines the relationship between positional behavior and morphology for two closely related south american tamarin species, saguinus fuscicollis illigeri and saguinus oedipus oedipus. although never systematically documented, the two species are suspected of exhibiting highly similar yet subtly different locomotor behaviors with a greater propensity for climbing, springing, and more powerful leaping in s. oedipus. fourteen measurements reflecting biomechanical structuring were taken ... | 1983 | 6412558 |
| analysis of mutagen-induced chromosome damage in a primate species (saguinus oedipus oedipus) at risk for spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the colon. | a high incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon (greater than 16%) has been observed at necropsy in the south american primate, saguinus oedipus oedipus (s. oedipus), while the disease has not been found in tamarins of the closely related species, saguinus fuscicollis spp, housed in the same research colony. cytogenetic analyses in cultured lymphocytes from 10 s. oedipus and 10 s. fuscicollis illigeri (s. fuscicollis) demonstrated no differences in the average frequencies of spontaneous or mitom ... | 1981 | 6791815 |
| [chromosomal aberrations in a subfertile cotton-top tamarin]. | the present case report describes a female cotton-top tamarin which was taken over by the zoo basel to form a new breeding pair. the animal demonstrated increased marking behavior without any obvious medical reasons, dominant behavior, failure to become pregnant and its external genitals were ambiguous. a disorder of the sexual development (dsd) was suspected by the zoo veterinarians and in a first step, the chromosomes of the monkey were analyzed. six cell lines with different karyotypes were o ... | 2017 | 28703709 |
| classification of cowpox viruses into several distinct clades and identification of a novel lineage. | cowpox virus (cpxv) was considered as uniform species within the genus orthopoxvirus (opv). previous phylogenetic analysis indicated that cpxv is polyphyletic and isolates may cluster into different clades with two of these clades showing genetic similarities to either variola (varv) or vaccinia viruses (vacv). further analyses were initiated to assess both the genetic diversity and the evolutionary background of circulating cpxvs. here we report the full-length sequences of 20 cpxv strains isol ... | 2017 | 28604604 |
| artificial grammar learning in tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in varying stimulus contexts. | the human ability to detect regularities in sound sequences is a fundamental substrate of our language faculty. however, is this an ability exclusive to human language processing, or have we usurped a more general learning mechanism for this purpose, one shared with other species? the current study is an attempt to replicate and extend hauser, weiss, and marcus's (2002) retracted study (2010) of artificial grammar learning in tamarins to determine if tamarins can detect an underlying grammatical ... | 2017 | 28277720 |
| stick-weaving: innovative behavior in tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | some captive cotton-top tamarins spontaneously weave sticks in the mesh of their enclosures so that the stick is lodged between two mesh openings. sticks are broken from natural branches placed in the enclosures and often modified by biting them in the center before weaving through the mesh. to investigate this further, we systematically surveyed all animals in our colony and found that all successful stick-weaving tamarins were descendants from only 2 of the 16 breeding groups contributing to t ... | 2017 | 28277719 |
| an assessment of the population of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and their habitat in colombia. | numerous animals have declining populations due to habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, and climate change. the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) is a critically endangered primate species, endemic to northwest colombia, threatened by deforestation and illegal trade. in order to assess the current state of this species, we analyzed changes in the population of cotton-top tamarins and its habitat from 2005 to 2012. we used a tailor-made "lure strip transect" method to survey 43 accessible fo ... | 2016 | 28030570 |
| fluctuating and directional asymmetry in the long bones of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | skeletal asymmetries reflect developmental stability and mechanical, functional, and physiological influences on bone growth. in humans, researchers have documented the greatest limb bone bilateral asymmetry in diaphyseal breadths, with less asymmetry in articular and maximum length dimensions. however, it remains unclear as to whether the pattern observed for humans is representative of nonhuman primates, wherein bilateral loading may minimize directional asymmetry. this study adds to the small ... | 2016 | 26801822 |
| tail function during arboreal quadrupedalism in squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis) and tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the need to maintain stability on narrow branches is often presented as a major selective force shaping primate morphology, with adaptations to facilitate grasping receiving particular attention. the functional importance of a long and mobile tail for maintaining arboreal stability has been comparatively understudied. tails can facilitate arboreal balance by acting as either static counterbalances or dynamic inertial appendages able to modulate whole-body angular momentum. we investigate associa ... | 2015 | 26173756 |
| noise-induced frequency modifications of tamarin vocalizations: implications for noise compensation in nonhuman primates. | previous research suggests that nonhuman primates have limited flexibility in the frequency content of their vocalizations, particularly when compared to human speech. consistent with this notion, several nonhuman primate species have demonstrated noise-induced changes in call amplitude and duration, with no evidence of changes to spectral content. this experiment used broad- and narrow-band noise playbacks to investigate the vocal control of two call types produced by cotton-top tamarins (sagui ... | 2015 | 26107515 |
| variation in prolactin is related to variation in sexual behavior and contact affiliation. | prolactin is associated with both maternal and paternal care and appears important in developing a bond between parent and infant. in contrast with oxytocin, another hormone important in infant care, there is scant information on the role of prolactin in maintaining adult heterosexual relationships. we present here the first results demonstrating a relationship between prolactin levels and sexual and contact affiliation behavior in a pair-bonded species. we studied cotton-top tamarins, a sociall ... | 2015 | 25799436 |
| do mothers prefer helpers or smaller litters? birth sex ratio and litter size adjustment in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | sex allocation theory has been a remarkably productive field in behavioral ecology with empirical evidence regularly supporting quantitative theoretical predictions. across mammals in general and primates in particular, however, support for the various hypotheses has been more equivocal. population-level sex ratio biases have often been interpreted as supportive, but evidence for small-scale facultative adjustment has rarely been found. the helper repayment (hr) also named the local resource enh ... | 2015 | 25691984 |
| does effort influence inequity aversion in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus)? | the human sense of fairness entails sensitivity not just to equality, the equal division of resources, but also to merit, the relationship between an individual's share of resources and how hard they worked for their share. recent evidence suggests that our sensitivity to equality has deep phylogenetic roots: several nonhuman animal species show an aversion to unequal reward distributions. however, the extent to which nonhuman animals share sensitivity to merit remains poorly understood, largely ... | 2014 | 24894192 |
| histology of the suprapubic and anogenital cutaneous glands in male cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | in cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), scent glands have been mostly studied in females from museum collections. this work aims to extend the investigation to male specimens, introducing a novel source of skin samples. two adult males from zoo populations, one intact and one castrated, were immediately frozen after natural death. skin samples were later collected at the thawing onset, soaked with cold fixative and processed for light microscopy. sebaceous units of scent glands showed phasic ... | 2014 | 24852065 |
| fecal concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone in cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks: relationships among physiological data, environmental conditions, and behavioral patterns. | the aim of this investigation was to study the welfare of 3 captive groups of cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks. ethological observations were conducted during 1 year. in addition, fecal samples were collected and the concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, and progestogens were measured. within each group, no significant differences in fecal cortisol concentrations were found between subjects. the fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone significantly d ... | 2014 | 24836597 |
| gestalt principle use in college students, children with autism, toddlers (homo sapiens), and cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the use of gestalt principles of proximity, similarity, and closure to recognize objects by configural superiority was examined in college students, low- and high-functioning children with autism, toddlers, and adult cotton top tamarin monkeys. at issue was whether the monkeys showed differences from humans in perceptual processing and whether they showed any similarities with clinical or developmental groups. the method required a pointing response to discriminate an odd item in a 4-item visual ... | 2014 | 24491175 |
| whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate. | in humans, whispering has evolved as a counteractive strategy against eavesdropping. some evidence for whisper-like behavior exists in a few other species, but has not been reported in non-human primates. we discovered the first evidence of whisper-like behavior in a non-human primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), in the course of investigating their use of human-directed mobbing calls. we exposed a family of captive cotton-top tamarins to a supervisor who previously elicited a str ... | 2013 | 24038444 |
| catching up with cotton-top tamarins. | | 2013 | 23877601 |
| predicting how individuals approach enrichment: regulatory focus in cotton-top tamarins (sanguinus oedipus). | evidence is mounting that personality is associated with health and well-being in humans and other animals. in a step towards increasing our understanding of this link, we applied regulatory focus theory, a motivational perspective from social psychology, to the behavior of zoo-housed cotton top tamarins. we tested whether regulatory focus "personality," that is stable differences in whether an individual is motivated by gains versus safety, would 1) produce individual differences in behavior an ... | 2013 | 23649664 |
| pulling to scale: motor planning for sequences of repeated actions by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | previous research has demonstrated that nontool-using primates are capable of sophisticated motor planning for a single action. the present study extends this work by asking whether monkeys are capable of planning a sequence of repetitive motor actions to accommodate a task demand. we presented tamarins with a tape measure baited with a food reward at near or far distances and measured their manual intergrasp distances as they reeled in the food. in condition 1, subjects viewed the reward as the ... | 2013 | 23586538 |
| implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with elements equated for probability of reinforcement. | three experiments examined the implicit learning of sequences under conditions in which the elements comprising a sequence were equated in terms of reinforcement probability. in experiment 1 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) experienced a five-element sequence displayed serially on a touch screen in which reinforcement probability was equated across elements at .16 per element. tamarins demonstrated learning of this sequence with higher latencies during a random test as compared to baseline ... | 2013 | 23344718 |
| vocal modifications in primates: effects of noise and behavioral context on vocalization structure. | during increased noise, modifications of the acoustic structure of vocalizations (amplitude, temporal, and spectral parameters) may allow release from masking, potentially conferring fitness benefits to vocally flexible signalers. among primates, humans have demonstrated extreme vocal flexibility during noise, with modifications to all three speech parameters affected by both noise type and motivational state of the signaler. while non-human primates have also demonstrated changes to call amplit ... | 2013 | 25411588 |
| a beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide from the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri. | a novel beta-defensin 1-like antimicrobial peptide (β-defensin 1tb) containing 36 amino acid residues was purified and characterized from the serum of the tree shrew, tupaia belangeri. its amino acid sequence was determined as dhylcvknegiclysscpsytkiegtcyggkakcck, by edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis, and cdna cloning. evolution analysis indicated that β-defensin 1tb showed maximal similarity to the β-defensin 1 identified from cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus. β-defensin 1tb exe ... | 2012 | 22939868 |
| normal hematologic and serum biochemical values of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we obtained whole-blood hematologic and serum biochemical values from 38 captive-bred cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). data were analyzed to determine the effect of sex on blood parameters. significant differences between either the means or medians of male and female tamarins were found for creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, rbc count, and pcv. these results establish baseline hematologic and serum biochemical values and provide a useful resource not previously available in the peer-rev ... | 2012 | 22776113 |
| identification of a novel adenovirus in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | a novel adenovirus was identified in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with diarrhea by negative-staining electron microscopy of feces, consensus polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. partial sequences were obtained from the dna-dependent dna polymerase, the p52k gene, and the hexon. bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus is a member of the genus mastadenovirus, and is herein termed saguinus siadenovirus 1. the phylogeny of the mastadenoviruses ... | 2012 | 22379053 |
| long-term memory for calls of relatives in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | recognition of relatives is important for dispersing animals to avoid inbreeding and possibly for developing cooperative, reciprocal relationships between individuals after dispersal. we demonstrate under controlled captive conditions that cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) have a long-term memory for long calls of relatives from which they had been separated for periods ranging from 4 to 55 months. tamarins responded with lower levels of arousal behavior to playbacks of long calls from curr ... | 2011 | 21574684 |
| novel survey method finds dramatic decline of wild cotton-top tamarin population. | the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) is a critically endangered primate, endemic to the tropical forests of colombia. population monitoring is essential to evaluate the success of conservation efforts, yet standard survey methods are ineffective because animals flee silently before they are seen. we developed a novel technique that combines the use of playbacks of territorial vocalizations with traditional transect surveys. we used remote sensing to identify potential habitat within the spe ... | 2010 | 20975684 |
| the use of long acting subcutaneous levonorgestrel (lng) gel depot as an effective contraceptive option for cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered species that have been bred successfully in captivity for many years. for two decades, the cotton-top tamarin ssp(©) has been challenged with a high rate of reproduction combined with a history of contraceptive failures and nonrecommended births using the current depo provera(®) (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injection followed by mga (melengestrol acetate) implant contraception combination. to address these issues we have develop ... | 2013 | 20938969 |
| retraction notice. rule learning by cotton-top tamarins. cognition, 86(1), b15-b22. | | 2010 | 20839386 |
| variation in oxytocin is related to variation in affiliative behavior in monogamous, pairbonded tamarins. | oxytocin plays an important role in monogamous pairbonded female voles, but not in polygamous voles. here we examined a socially monogamous cooperatively breeding primate where both sexes share in parental care and territory defense for within species variation in behavior and female and male oxytocin levels in 14 pairs of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). in order to obtain a stable chronic assessment of hormones and behavior, we observed behavior and collected urinary hormonal samples ac ... | 2010 | 20600045 |
| socially biased learning among adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we presented adult cottontop tamarins (saguinus oedipus) with a novel foraging task that had been used previously to examine socially biased learning of juvenile observers [humle & snowdon, animal behaviour 75:267-277, 2008]. the task could be solved in one of two ways, and thus allowed for an analysis of behavioral matching between an observer and a skilled demonstrator (trained to use one of the two methods exclusively). because the demonstrator was an adult in both this study and the juvenile ... | 2010 | 20014273 |
| observational methods to measure behaviors of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the purpose of this study was to identify efficient sampling methods for establishing accurate activity budgets for zoo animals. seven cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) from two zoos were videotaped for multiple 90 min sessions, 3 to 4 days per week for 12 weeks. an activity budget was constructed for each animal using a continuous sampling method to analyze 30 hr of video recording of each animal. these master datasets, reflecting actual behavior, were re-sampled using interval sampling le ... | 2010 | 19653282 |
| reconciliation in captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), a cooperative breeding primate. | reconciliation has been demonstrated in all primate species in which the phenomenon has been studied. however, reconciliation has been studied in only two species of callitrichids, and conclusions remain controversial. the first aim of this study has been to find out whether captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) reconcile, since this is the first such study on this species. we examined 227 conflicts in three family groups (n=19). instances in which individuals remained together in t=0 ( ... | 2009 | 19504572 |
| spatial cues more salient than color cues in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. | animals living in stable home ranges have many potential cues to locate food. spatial and color cues are important for wild callitrichids (marmosets and tamarins). field studies have assigned the highest priority to distal spatial cues for determining the location of food resources with color cues serving as a secondary cue to assess relative ripeness, once a food source is located. we tested two hypotheses with captive cotton-top tamarins: (a) tamarins will demonstrate higher rates of initial l ... | 2008 | 19014268 |
| biphasic malignant testicular sex cord-stromal tumor in a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with review of the literature. | a 20-year old male cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) was presented with unilateral enlargement of an intrascrotal testicle. fine-needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a neoplastic population with call-exner-like bodies and features of malignancy. the animal was castrated, and histologic examination revealed a biphasic sex cord-stromal tumor, with one region resembling sertoli-cell tumor and one region resembling granulosa-cell tumor, with extensive microfollicular pattern and many call-exn ... | 2008 | 18984797 |
| body weight increase in expectant males and helpers of cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus): a symptom of the couvade syndrome? | in the cooperative breeding system of cotton-top tamarin (tcb; saguinus oedipus) <expectant> males gain weight during the last months of pregnancy of their partners as a way to cope with energy costs of reproduction. this phenomenon was described only in humans as a symptom of <couvade syndrome>. as after infants' birth, tcb male and female helpers lose weight, the same as fathers do, it might be expected that previously, they also gain weight. in 8 groups of tcb, we explored body weight changes ... | 2008 | 18940090 |
| serous cells in the parotid glands of two species of tamarins: polarized secretory granules. | the parotid glands of two species of tamarins were examined by electron microscopy. endpiece cells are typical in appearance, with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent golgi apparatuses, and numerous serous granules. in the saddleback tamarin, the secretory granules contain a dense spherule pressed against the inner aspect of the limiting membrane, leading to a surface bulge. during the course of merocrine secretion (a form of exocytosis), such morphologically polarized granules a ... | 2008 | 18780306 |
| changes in body mass of expectant male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | it has been noted that expectant cotton-top tamarin males in captivity experience a body mass increase during the last months of their mates' pregnancies, and this has been explained as being a male physiological response. we studied the body mass of 4 inexperienced and 4 experienced expectant males, and we expected to observe a larger body mass increase among the experienced ones since they undergo multiple hormonal changes in comparison to inexperienced expectant males. however, while inexperi ... | 2008 | 18758184 |
| changes in prolactin and glucocorticoid levels in cotton-top tamarin fathers during their mate's pregnancy: the effect of infants and paternal experience. | we have previously shown that paternally experienced cotton-top tamarin fathers (saguinus oedipus) had significant increases in prolactin and glucocorticoids at the midpoint of their mate's pregnancy, whereas less experienced fathers showed prolactin increases only the month before offspring birth [ziegler & snowdon, hormones & behavior 38:159-167, 2000; ziegler et al., hormones & behavior 45:84-92, 2004]. these results could be owing to differing paternal experience or from paternal care given ... | 2008 | 18278807 |
| gait parameter adjustments of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus, callitrichidae) to locomotion on inclined arboreal substrates. | the influence of different substrate inclinations on gaits and metric gait parameters (relative forelimb and hind limb protraction, relative forelimb, and hind limb retraction, stride length, stance, and swing phase duration) of cotton-top tamarin locomotion was studied using high-speed video films and evaluated by descriptive and analytical statistical methods. as previously shown, lateral sequence gaits predominantly occurred on descending arboreal substrates (branchlike pole with a smaller di ... | 2008 | 17786994 |
| developmental changes in food transfers in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | we investigated the development of food transfer and independent feeding in cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) families. we studied the relationship between infant-directed vocalizations and food transfers on the development of independent feeding in infants. we experimentally tested ten infants (eight twins and two singletons) three times a week for 17 weeks from before weaning through 20 weeks. food transfers and vocalizations made during tests were recorded and analyzed to determine (1) th ... | 2007 | 17294426 |
| the effect of the captive environment on activity of captive cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | this study examined captive cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) behavior across 3 different exhibits: (a) a rainforest (30.5 m in diameter), where tamarins free-ranged with other species; (b) a caged outdoor exhibit (5 m in diameter); and (c) a caged enclosure, with access indoors (6 x 9m) and outdoors (2.5 x 2.5 m). the study observed tamarins using focal animal scan sampling in 10 min blocks. scoring was on the percentage of intervals in which they engaged in 12 behaviors. the findings show ... | 2006 | 17209751 |
| noise-induced vocal modulation in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the lombard effect-an increase in vocalization amplitude in response to an increase in background noise-is observed in a wide variety of animals. we investigated this basic form of vocal control in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) by measuring the amplitude of a contact call, the combination long call (clc), while simultaneously varying the background noise level. all subjects showed a significant increase in call amplitude and syllable duration in response to an increase in background ... | 2006 | 17096420 |
| perturbation of auditory feedback causes systematic perturbation in vocal structure in adult cotton-top tamarins. | auditory feedback is critical for the development and maintenance of speech in humans. in contrast, studies of nonhuman primate vocal production generally report that subjects show little reliance on auditory input. we examined the extent to which cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) vocal production is sensitive to perturbation of auditory feedback by manipulating the predictability of presentation of a 1 s burst of white noise during the production of the species-specific contact call, the co ... | 2006 | 16943505 |
| the role of social context and individual experience in novel task acquisition in cottontop tamarins, saguinus oedipus. | in socially tolerant settings, naïve individuals may have opportunities to interact jointly with knowledgeable demonstrators and novel tasks. this process is expected to facilitate social learning. individual experience may also be important for reinforcing and honing socially acquired behaviours. we examined the role of joint interaction and individual experience in the acquisition of a novel foraging task in captive cottontop tamarins. the task involved learning how to locate and access two hi ... | 2006 | 16912811 |
| costs of caregiving: weight loss in captive adult male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) following the birth of infants. | we examined changes in weight for 10 captive adult male cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) from before the birth of infants through the first 16 weeks of infant life. compared to before birth, males weighed significantly less in weeks 1-4, 5-8, and 9-12 following the birth. weights in weeks 13-16 did not differ significantly from prebirth weights. maximum weight loss for individual males ranged from 1.3 to 10.8% of prebirth body weight. males in groups with fewer helpers lost significantly m ... | 2002 | 16804560 |
| labile sex differences in long calling in cotton-top tamarins. | sex differences in behavior are quite common among nonhuman primates. in sexually monomorphic species, sex differences might be expected to be less evident than in polygynous and highly dimorphic species. callitrichid primates (marmosets and tamarins) are cooperative breeders that exhibit little sexual size dimorphism. however, several sex differences in the structure and usage of vocalizations have been reported. in one such study, mcconnell and snowdon [behaviour 97:273-296, 1986] reported tha ... | 2006 | 16429418 |
| does the mastery of center-embedded linguistic structures distinguish humans from nonhuman primates? | in a recent science article, fitch and hauser (2004; hereafter, f&h) claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (chomsky, 1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans easily learn such a language. we report an experiment replicating the results of f&h in humans but also showing that subjects learned the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure. when the procedure ... | 2005 | 16082811 |
| effect of the enclosure on carriers' body weight loss in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | infant carrying in cotton-top tamarins is a costly activity that results in weight loss by the fathers and helpers. however, to date, measures of carrying costs have been obtained in small indoor enclosures. we studied body weight changes in adult and subadult individuals from eight large groups (n > 5) for 9 weeks after the birth of infants. four groups were housed in large indoor/outdoor enclosures (42 m(2) x 3.3 m high), and four were housed in small indoor enclosures (12 m(2) x 2.4 m high). ... | 2005 | 16015659 |
| inhibitory control and response selection in problem solving: how cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) overcome a bias for selecting the larger quantity of food. | when presented with a choice between 1 and 3 pieces of food in a type of reversed contingency task, 4 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) consistently chose the 3 pieces of food and received nothing, even though the choice of 1 piece would have yielded 3. however, in a task in which the tamarins received the 1 piece of food when they chose it, all subjects learned to select 1 over 3. thus, the tamarins' prior failure on the reversed contingency task did not result entirely from an inherent in ... | 2005 | 15740432 |
| means-means-end tool choice in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus): finding the limits on primates' knowledge of tools. | most studies of animal tool use require subjects to use one object to gain access to a food reward. in many real world situations, however, animals perform more than one action in sequence to achieve their goals. of theoretical interest is whether animals have the cognitive capacity to recognize the relationship between consecutive action sequences in which there may be one overall goal and several subgoals. here we ask if cotton-top tamarins, a species that in captivity uses tools to solve mean ... | 2005 | 15668762 |
| are consonant intervals music to their ears? spontaneous acoustic preferences in a nonhuman primate. | humans find some sounds more pleasing than others; such preferences may underlie our enjoyment of music. to gain insight into the evolutionary origins of these preferences, we explored whether they are present in other animals. we designed a novel method to measure the spontaneous sound preferences of cotton-top tamarins, a species that has been extensively tested for other perceptual abilities. animals were placed in a v-shaped maze, and their position within the maze controlled their auditory ... | 2004 | 15582619 |
| intestinal adenocarcinoma with pancreas and lymph node metastases in a captive cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | a case of intestinal adenocarcinoma with metastases to the pancreas and regional lymph node was found in a 9-year-old, captive female cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) with intermittent diarrhea. at necropsy, the tumor mass was located in the ileo-cecal junction causing circumferential thickening and annular stenosis. microscopically, the lesions at primary and metastatic sites showed typical features of mucinous adenocarcinoma as seen in humans, including intracellular and extracellular muc ... | 2004 | 15528865 |
| a two-choice preference assessment with five cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | a study selected 5 cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) located at the frank buck zoo in gainesville, texas, for a food preference assessment. the study used a paired-choice procedure across 7 different food items for all 5 tamarins. preferences for the food items across all the tamarins varied, although general trends were noted as well. this article discusses the benefits of using paired-choice preference assessments in zoo settings. | 2004 | 15498723 |
| sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus), and its relationship to infant care. | male cotton-top tamarins have been shown to be responsive to female scent cues of ovulation, and are known to actively participate in infant care during the time when their mates are fertile. we measured urinary androgen levels and glucocorticoids in seven father tamarins for the first month following the birth of infants to determine 1) whether male tamarins showed an androgen response to their mate's postpartum ovulation, 2) when androgens rise relative to ovulation, 3) whether there is a gluc ... | 2004 | 15356858 |
| responsiveness of expectant male cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus, to mate's pregnancy. | in the cotton-top tamarin, a primate where paternal care is critical to the survival of the offspring, we found that expectant fathers experienced multiple hormonal changes during their mate's pregnancy. fathers that had experienced several previous births showed significant changes in urinary estrogens, androgens, prolactin and cortisol in the last 2 months before birth, whereas less-experienced fathers (lef) did not. the female's midpregnancy rise in glucocorticoids was followed within 1-2 wee ... | 2004 | 15019794 |
| multiple acoustic features underlie vocal signal recognition in tamarins: antiphonal calling experiments. | we examine which acoustic features are relevant for recognition of the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) combination long-call. this vocalization, emitted by both males and females, functions in maintaining group cohesion, territory defense and mate attraction. using the tamarins' natural antiphonal vocal response to hearing a combination long-call as the primary measure of recognition, we presented subjects with synthetic exemplars of combination long-calls in which we manipulated across on ... | 2004 | 14610683 |
| why do cotton-top tamarin female helpers carry infants? a preliminary study. | shortly after giving birth, cotton-top tamarin mothers frequently attack the eldest female helpers [snowdon et al., american journal of primatology 31:11-21, 1993]. sometimes this aggression leads to the eviction of the eldest daughters from their natal groups 3-4 months after the birth of infants [price & mcgrew, folia primatologica 57:16-27, 1991]. we propose that daughters, during the act of carrying infants, may receive less aggression from mothers than when they are not carrying. on the oth ... | 2002 | 11977126 |
| tracking responses related to self-recognition: a frequency comparison of responses to mirrors, photographs, and videotapes by cotton top tamanins (saguinus oedipus). | the frequency of responses cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) emitted indicative of self-recognition to a mirror was compared with the frequencies of responses emitted to digitized photographs of tamarins (experiment 1) and to videotapes of real-time or prior tamarin action (experiment 2). results indicated more attentional responses toward the mirror in both studies, but behavioral indices of self-recognition were not consistently generated by the mirror. the 2 experiments confirmed that re ... | 2001 | 11824907 |
| neonatal and pubertal development in males of a cooperatively breeding primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus oedipus). | in cooperatively breeding groups of mammals, reproduction is usually restricted to a small number of individuals within the social group. sexual development of mammals can be affected by social environment, but we know little regarding effects of the cooperative-breeding system on males. cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus oedipus) offspring typically do not reproduce in their natal group, even though they may be physically mature. we examined neonatal and pubertal development in captive male c ... | 2002 | 11804940 |
| the production and perception of long calls by cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus): acoustic analyses and playback experiments. | the authors' goal was to provide a better understanding of the relationship between vocal production and perception in nonhuman primate communication. to this end, the authors examined the cotton-top tamarin's (saguinus oedipus) combination long call (clc). in part 1 of this study, the authors carried out a series of acoustic analyses designed to determine the kind of information potentially encoded in the tamarin's clc. using factorial analyses of variance and multiple discriminant analyses, th ... | 2001 | 11594495 |
| what guides a search for food that has disappeared? experiments on cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | when food is launched down a vertically positioned s-shaped opaque tube, cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) search for the food in the position directly beneath the release point, even though over several trials it never appears in this position (b. m. hood et al., 1999). experiment 1 showed that when the trajectory of the food shifts from the vertical to the horizontal plane, tamarins no longer show systematic perseverative errors and, in general, perform better on this invisible displaceme ... | 2001 | 11459161 |
| identification and treatment of moniliformis clarki (acanthocephala) in cotton-topped tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | ten cotton-topped tamarins (saguinus oedipus) were infected with moniliformis clarki a parasitic acanthocephalan. one animal died of intestinal perforation and peritonitis before treatment was initiated. five of the remaining tamarins were treated successfully with oral albendazole at either 50 mg/kg b.i.d. for 16 days or 100 mg/kg b.i.d. for 3 days, then repeated biweekly for four treatments. a less-intensive treatment regime of 50 mg/kg albendazole orally s.i.d. for 3 days and monthly repeated ... | 2000 | 11428397 |
| the units of perception in the antiphonal calling behavior of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus): playback experiments with long calls. | we investigated how the acoustic structure of the cotton-top tamarin monkey's (saguinus oedipus) combination long call relates to the antiphonal calling behavior of conspecifics. combination long calls can function as contact calls and are produced by socially isolated individuals. often conspecifics respond to these calls with their own long calls. structurally, these calls are always composed of one or more 'chirps' followed by two or more 'whistles'. we compared the antiphonal calling respons ... | 2001 | 11318375 |
| preparental hormone levels and parenting experience in male cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus. | male cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus, display hormonal changes associated with parenting prior to the birth of their infants. here we examined the hormonal changes that occurred in experienced and inexperienced fathers during the postconception period, prior to the birth of infants. noninvasive techniques were used to collect urine from 10 male cotton-top tamarins (5 experienced and 5 inexperienced breeders) three times weekly during the 6-month gestation period. samples were analyzed for ... | 2000 | 11038290 |
| prolactin levels during the periparturitional period in the biparental cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus): interactions with gender, androgen levels, and parenting. | unlike biparental bird and rodent species, mating and parenting occur simultaneously in cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus, providing a unique model for examining endocrine interactions. this study was designed to determine the relationship of prolactin to testicular androgens during parenting and mating. specifically we examined (1) the patterns of postpartum prolactin excretion in male and female tamarins with and without infant survival; (2) the relationship between androgen and prolactin ... | 2000 | 10964525 |
| the effects of social status on food-associated calling behaviour in captive cotton-top tamarins. | we examined the effects of social environment on food-asociated calling of cotton-top tamarins, saguinus oedipus, in two experiments. in experiment 1, we compared the food-associated calling behaviour of six juvenile tamarins living in their natal groups with their calling behaviour 9 months after being removed from family groups and paired. in experiment 2, we studied food-associated calling behaviour of nine cotton-top tamarins immediately before and after removal from their natal groups and p ... | 1999 | 10600153 |
| costs of infant-carrying in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | infant-carrying behavior among callitrichids seems to be a costly activity. costs have been related to the physical efforts of carrying the weight of very heavy infants and to the resulting reduction in foraging efficiency. however, the costs of carrying in terms of the physical consequences for carriers have not previously been assessed. in this study, we have regarded weight loss in infant carriers as a measure of costs. we studied five families of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) during ... | 1999 | 10333430 |
| mhc class i genes in a new world primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), have evolved by an active process of loci turnover. | lymphocytes of a new world primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), express classical g-related major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules with unusually limited polymorphism and variability. three g-related loci, an f locus, an e locus, and two pseudogenes (so-n1 and so-n3) have been identified by cdna library screening and extensive pcr analysis of both cdna and genomic dna from the cotton-top tamarin. furthermore, each genus of the subfamily callitrichinae (tamarins a ... | 1999 | 9914333 |
| description of a new kind of mhc dna sequence in saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin). | the mhc class i genes of the new world primate the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) are an exception to the high polymorphism and variability usually displayed by this multigene family. in the present work, the cloning and sequencing of a new pseudogene, tentatively named saoe-mhc-n4, in this primate species are reported. this new sequence has two characteristic deletions at exon 2, making it very unlikely that any putative protein from this sequence was an antigen-presenting molecule. comp ... | 1998 | 9777328 |
| chemical communication of reproductive status in female cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus oedipus). | among callitrichids, scent secretions have been identified as carrying information regarding species, subspecies, gender, social status, individuality, hormonal status, and timing of ovulation. we propose that information regarding familiarity and reproductive status is also communicated. seven male-female pairs of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus oedipus) were presented with several drops of distilled water, a scent secretion from the female of that pair, scent secretions from unfamiliar, ... | 1998 | 9702280 |
| family history as a risk factor for ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer in cotton-top tamarin. | little is currently known about the relationship between family history of colon cancer and ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer. a nested case-control study was performed to evaluate the association between family history of colon cancer and spontaneously occurring colon cancer in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | 1998 | 9516387 |
| role of prolactin in paternal care in a monogamous new world primate, saguinus oedipus. | | 1997 | 9071409 |
| female reproductive status and male pairmate behavior in cotton-top tamarins. | | 1997 | 9071397 |
| reproductive events of wild cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in colombia. | reproductive patterns of wild cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) females located in la reserva forestal protectora serranía de coraza-montes de maría in colosó, colombia, were examined using long-term behavioral observations and fecal steroid analysis. using an enzyme immunoassay, we analyzed fecal samples for e1c and pdg. comparisons of reproductive cycles of a reproductively active female and her daughters were made. an inhibition of ovarian cycles has been observed in daughters living in t ... | 1997 | 9403097 |
| mhc class i-processed pseudogenes in new world primates provide evidence for rapid turnover of mhc class i genes. | the mhc class i genes of the new world primate, the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), are an exception to the high polymorphism and variability displayed by this multigene family. we report the isolation of the first two processed pseudogenes from the mhc region in primates. these two mhc class i-processed pseudogenes (mhc-ps1 and -ps2) were found in several species of new world primates, suggesting a possible explanation for the cotton-top tamarin's limited mhc class i diversity. the patte ... | 1996 | 8805639 |
| lectin histochemistry and carcinoembryonic antigen in spontaneous colonic cancers of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | the glycoconjugate-binding properties and the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic cancers of cotton-top tamarins at the german primate center are described. deviating from findings in non-tumorous colonic epithelia of cotton-top tamarins was the presence of uea-, sba-, or dba-binding sites in the infranuclear cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells, staining of entire cells, and the occurrence of subepithelial extracellular glycoconjugates in and adjacent to colonic cancers. carcinoe ... | 1995 | 8592802 |
| fluctuating asymmetry in tamarin (saguinus) cranial morphology: intra- and interspecific comparisons between taxa with varying levels of genetic heterozygosity. | fluctuating asymmetry has been proposed as a measure of developmental homeostasis and an indicator of populations under stress. however, controversy surrounds not only the validity of an association between fluctuating asymmetry and levels of protein heterozygosity, but also whether fluctuating asymmetry can be used to identify populations under genetic and environmental stress. the relationship between levels of heterozygosity and developmental homeostasis is considered by comparing levels of c ... | 2006 | 7657996 |
| laterality in hand preferences and reaching accuracy of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | manual laterality of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) was observed for five different types of reaching. the tamarins displayed species-level right-handedness for spontaneous grasping for food but not for one-arm vertical suspension or any of 3 other types of elicited reaching. the results showed that difficult or novel tasks are neither necessary nor sufficient for the emergence of species-level handedness. accuracy in retrieving food from a rotating platform was greatest (a) for highly l ... | 1995 | 7705058 |
| drb, dqa, dqb and dpb nucleotide sequences of saguinus oedipus b95-8. | we present eight new nucleotide sequences derived from the second exons of class ii genes within the major histocompatibility complex of sanguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin). these comprise two drb alleles (saoe-drb3*0504, -drb*w1203), two dqa1 alleles (saoe-dqa1*2501, -dqa1*2502), two dqb1 alleles (saoe-dqb1*2201, -dqb1*2301), one dqb2 allele (saoe-dqb2*0101) and one dpb1 allele (saoe-dpb1*0101). | 1994 | 9098421 |
| temperature-metabolism relations in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) model for ulcerative colitis. | examination of temperature-metabolism relations found no significant differences between thermoregulation of temperature housed laboratory cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and wild tamarins in colombia, s.a. the results indicate that tamarins do not acclimate to a temperature environment and are metabolically stressed at ta less than 32 degrees c. this is consistent with an hypothesis of chronic metabolic stress as a factor in the etiology of cotton-top tamarin colitis, which is restricted ... | 1994 | 7932634 |
| genetic epidemiology of colon cancer in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | colon cancer is known to be heritable in humans, but the opportunity to investigate the genetic epidemiology of cancer in nonhuman primates has been limited by the size of available populations. the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) colony at the oak ridge associated universities (orau) marmoset research center is a large population with a high rate of spontaneous colon cancer that has been monitored over several years, thus allowing investigation of the genetic basis for colon cancer in thi ... | 1993 | 8300080 |
| attenuation of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin by anti-alpha 4 integrin monoclonal antibody. | recent studies have demonstrated the induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules including e-selectin (also called endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule and intercellular adhesion molecule in actively involved mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. similar induction has been demonstrated in the colon of the cotton-top tamarin (ctt), a new world primate that experiences a spontaneous acute and chronic colitis resembling ulcer ... | 1993 | 7686922 |
| inflammatory mediator changes in cotton-top tamarins (ctt) after sc-41930 anti-colitic therapy. | use of the ctt model provides insight into the inflammatory mediator contribution in the pathogenesis of idiopathic colitis. to evaluate anti-colitic efficacy, the leukotriene b4 receptor antagonist and anti-inflammatory agent, sc-41930, was administered (10 mg/kg bw by gavage bid) for 8 weeks to ctts with histologically confirmed persistent and defined active colitis. the inflammatory mediators ltb4, pge2, txb2, and paf were assayed in colonic dialysate that was collected after 1 1/2 h from fou ... | 1993 | 8273593 |
| survey of saguinus mortality in a zoo colony. | six years of necropsy records from a zoo colony of four tamarin species (saguinus oedipus, s. geoffroyi, s. imperator, and s. mystax) were examined. mean age at death was 4.0 years, average length in the colony at time of death was 3.4 years. annual mortality rate varied between 9 and 30%. gross necropsy findings, histopathologic, and bacteriological results indicate primary cause of death as follows: peritonitis (26%), septicemia (14%), nephritis (5%), hepatitis (5%), pneumonia (2%), and others ... | 1992 | 1602456 |
| unusually limited nucleotide sequence variation of the expressed major histocompatibility complex class i genes of a new world primate species (saguinus oedipus). | although major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules are, as a rule, highly polymorphic in mammalian species, those of the new world primate saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin) exhibit limited polymorphism. we have cloned and sequenced twelve mhc class i cdnas from this species. since cloned cotton-top tamarin cell lines express three to six mhc class i molecules, this species must have at least three functional mhc class i loci. there was, however, no evidence of locus-specific s ... | 1991 | 1840570 |
| expression of immune sensitization to epithelial cell-associated components in the cotton-top tamarin: a model of chronic ulcerative colitis. | chronic colitis is present in up to 50% of adult cotton-top tamarins, but the etiology is unknown. to explore one putative immunopathogenic pathway for the chronic colitis, we determined whether immune sensitization to macromolecules associated with mucosal epithelium of intestine (designated ecac) had occurred in this primate species. specifically, we sought to define (a) whether antigenic determinants associated with ecac are present on tamarin gut epithelium in vivo; (b) if immunoglobulin, ca ... | 1989 | 2477296 |
| some communicatory functions of scent marking in the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus oedipus). | the ability of cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scents from conspecifics and those from other tamarin species, and between scents from conspecific individuals was tested. cotton-tops scent mark with specialized skin glands in the circumgenital area. females possess larger glands than males and show more scent-marking behavior. in the first experiment, subjects were presented with a glass rod scented with either material collected from the surface of the scent glands of a conspecific f ... | 1988 | 24275997 |
| the endocrinology of puberty and reproductive functioning in female cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) under varying social conditions. | sexual maturation and fertility were assessed in fourteen cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) females under various social conditions. six tamarin females (20-28 mo of age) showed a suppression of fertility while living with their families. hormonal profiles demonstrated low, acyclic levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (lh) and estrone-conjugates (e1c). a rapid onset of ovarian and pituitary cyclicity occurred when four of the six females were removed from their families and paired with an u ... | 1987 | 3118981 |