| a comparative study of the therapeutic effects of the zataria multiflora vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is one of most prevalent complications among reproductive-aged women. metromidazole prescription, which is considered as the first-line treatment of bv, is usually followed by a few side effects. besides, there is a growing tendency toward herbal medicines for the treatment of vaginitis. antibacterial and antifungal effects of zataria multiflora (z. multiflora) have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. this study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the z. mult ... | 2008 | 18824338 |
| [benefits of affirm vpiii and l-pap in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis]. | bacterial vaginosis is a syndrome occurring in women of reproductive age, characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge and associated with gynecological and obstetric problems during pregnancy. | 2008 | 18588815 |
| seed trait changes in dispersers' guts and consequences for germination and seedling growth. | the effectiveness of a frugivore as a disperser of a plant is greatly determined by how fruits and seeds are handled in its mouth and its digestive tract. although a number of studies have investigated the effect of avian ingestion on germination, we still know very little about the modifications to seeds during ingestion and the specific consequences on plant fitness. here we investigate for the first time the different mechanisms by which germination patterns of seeds are modified following in ... | 2008 | 18376551 |
| carotenoid trade-off between parasitic resistance and sexual display: an experimental study in the blackbird (turdus merula). | many parasites depress the expression of the carotenoid-based colour displays of their hosts, and it has been hypothesized that animals face a trade-off in carotenoid allocation between immune functions and 'degree of ornamentation'. while numerous correlative studies suggest that parasite infection decreases the intensity of carotenoid-based colour displays, the existence of this trade-off has never been demonstrated experimentally in a host-parasite model. in this study, we used the blackbird ... | 2008 | 18055388 |
| abram amsel (1922-2006) in memoriam. | | 2007 | 17557386 |
| increased sedentariness in european blackbirds following urbanization: a consequence of local adaptation? | urbanization changes local environmental conditions and may lead to altered selection regimes for life history traits of organisms thriving in cities. previous studies have reported changes in breeding phenology and even trends toward increased sedentariness in migratory bird species colonizing urban areas. however, does the change in migratory propensity simply represent a phenotypic adjustment to local urban environment, or is it genetically based and hence the result of local adaptation? to t ... | 2007 | 17536705 |
| a randomized trial of the duration of therapy with metronidazole plus or minus azithromycin for treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the most common cause of vaginitis worldwide. currently recommended treatments have poor efficacy and are associated with high rates of bv recurrence. we examined whether a longer duration of treatment with metronidazole or combination therapy with metronidazole and azithromycin would enhance the cure rates for bv. in addition, we examined factors other than drug therapy associated with cure. | 2007 | 17173219 |
| lead concentrations in feathers and blood of common blackbirds (turdus merula) and in earthworms inhabiting unpolluted and moderately polluted urban areas. | despite the dramatic decrease of atmospheric lead (pb) concentrations in urban areas of most industrialised countries, we hypothesised that urban common blackbirds (turdus merula) may still be contaminated by pb concentrations of toxicological concern due to transfer from soil through the food chain. we sampled blackbirds and earthworms, one of their main preys, in besançon, a middle-size city of eastern france (where atmospheric pb concentrations decreased from 0.5 microg/m(3) in 1987 to nearly ... | 2006 | 17055037 |
| association of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis with endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis in nonpregnant women. | this study was undertaken to determine whether asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (bv) is associated with an increased risk of endometrial microbial colonization or plasma cell endometritis in nonpregnant women. | 2006 | 16769017 |
| high recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis over the course of 12 months after oral metronidazole therapy and factors associated with recurrence. | we wished to determine recurrences of bacterial vaginosis (bv) after treatment over the course of 12 months and to establish factors associated with recurrence. | 2006 | 16652274 |
| bacterial vaginosis--a laboratory and clinical diagnostics enigma. | diagnosing bacterial vaginosis (bv) has long been based on the clinical criteria of amsel et al., whereby three of four defined criteria must be satisfied. though there are other criteria and scoring methods which function well in comparison (i.e. nugent scoring), it is not certain that they will always identify the same category of patients. point-of-care methods based on various combinations of microbial products, presence of rna, or more complex laboratory instrumentations such as sensor arra ... | 2005 | 15799757 |
| intravaginal metronidazole gel versus metronidazole plus nystatin ovules for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. | we compared metronidazole 0.75% gel (containing 37.5 mg metronidazole per dose) with ovules containing metronidazole 500 mg and nystatin 100,000 u, for intravaginal treatment of bacterial vaginosis (bv). | 2004 | 15592270 |
| [factors of risk of bacterial vaginosis]. | to recognise factors in the host that might condition the appearance of the bacterial vaginosis (bv) syndrome, whether gynae-obstetrical factors, habits of sexual conduct, hygiene, or other factors. | 2004 | 15511357 |
| differences in the timing of reproduction between urban and forest european blackbirds (turdus merula): result of phenotypic flexibility or genetic differences? | species which have settled in urban environments are exposed to different conditions from their wild conspecifics. a previous comparative study of an urban and a forest-living european blackbird population had revealed a three weeks earlier onset of gonadal growth in urban individuals. these physiological adjustments are either the result of genetic differences that have evolved during the urbanization process, or of phenotypic flexibility resulting from the bird's exposure to the different envi ... | 2004 | 15451688 |
| stabilizing natural selection on the early expression of a secondary sexual trait in a passerine bird. | natural selection is a central tenet of evolutionary theory, yet the estimation of the direction and intensity of selection remains problematic. here, we assess the strength of selection on the early expression of a secondary sexual ornament, bill colour, in male european blackbirds (turdus merula) using 5 years of capture-mark-recapture (cmr) data. the best-fitting model consisted of a quadratic relationship between survival rate and bill colour, indicating stabilizing natural selection on the ... | 2004 | 15312087 |
| evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic kit (femexam) for bacterial vaginosis in patients with vaginal discharge syndrome in the gambia. | diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (bv) in resource-poor primary health care settings is often overlooked; there is a need for a cheap, rapid, objective point-of-care diagnostic test. | 2003 | 12782948 |
| evaluation of a novel diagnostic test for bacterial vaginosis: 'the electronic nose'. | the objectives were, first, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the osmetech microbial analyser (oma) for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and, secondly, to determine the factors that interfere with the performance of the test. women presenting to a genitourinary medicine clinic underwent routine screening for genital infections. additional swabs were tested on the oma, and by nugent scoring. the optimum method for sampling was determined on the first 372 samples. bv was dia ... | 2003 | 12662390 |
| [is the papanicolaou smear useful as aid for diagnosing some sexually transmitted infections?]. | we undertook this study to assess the validity of cytologic diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections like: bacterial vaginosis (bv), tricomoniasis and candidiasis using the papanicolaou (pap) smear. | 2001 | 11262330 |
| [evaluation of nugent and amsel criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis]. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common disease in reproductive-age women and is associated to important gynecologic and obstetric complications. | 2000 | 11050838 |
| [evaluation of microscopy methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis]. | the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis has always been controversial. during many years, the laboratory diagnosis of this syndrome was based on the criteria of amsel et al (1983). this includes many factors, such us aqueous vaginal discharge, positive koh test and the presence of clue-cells in a wet mount or gram stain. lately, a new diagnostic method only based on laboratory findings was performed by nugent et al (1991), which has the advantage of being more objective and rapid. it is also easy t ... | 2006 | 11026143 |
| prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and correlation of clinical to gram stain diagnostic criteria in low risk pregnant women. | the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, and the correlation of clinical amsel criteria with gram nugent criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a low risk population of pregnant women. pregnant women under 28 weeks of gestation who were followed in the low risk clinics at two centers were evaluated for the presence of bacterial vaginosis using the amsel clinical criteria, and underwent vaginal samples for gram staining. gram smears were examined fo ... | 1999 | 10669125 |
| female mate guarding: no evidence in a socially monogamous species. | to understand the behavioural aspects of sperm competition, the costs and benefits to both sexes should be considered. however, few studies have addressed the costs to females of their social mate engaging in extrapair copulations (epcs). measures of female mate guarding have concentrated on female solicitation and copulation; however, females may also control access to their mate by maintaining close proximity, as is common in males. i recorded the maintenance of pair proximity behaviour of an ... | 2000 | 10640382 |
| travel distance and mass gain in wintering blackbirds. | birds that range over a large area will have a greater mass-dependent risk of predation than more sedentary birds. birds that travel more may then reduce winter mass gain to compensate for the increased predation risk that greater travelling entails. i tested whether european blackbirds, turdus merula, that travelled more in winter had a lower mass than more sedentary birds, independently of any confounding effects of food supply on both ranging behaviour and mass gain. i measured change in wint ... | 1999 | 10564614 |
| relative competitive ability changes with competitor density: evidence from feeding blackbirds. | how individual competitive ability varies with competitor density in systems where interference competition occurs has been studied in few systems, despite its importance in determining the fundamental predictions of influential phenotype-limited ideal free distribution models. i measured individual variation in competitive ability in wild wintering blackbirds, turdus merula. variation in feeding rate of single birds, and the decline in their feeding rate in the presence of competitors, were mea ... | 1998 | 9933532 |
| a study of sleep in the european blackbird. | sleep states in the blackbird, turdus merula, were determined by recording the electroencephalogram (eeg), electrooculogram (eog), electromyogram (emg), and heart rate (hr), and from behavioral observations and responses to auditory stimulation by natural calls. the presence of changes in slow wave activity was determined from the power spectra of the eeg. spectral power density in the 0.5-4.0 hz band during slow wave sleep (sws) attained highest values in the first part of the night, then decli ... | 1996 | 8884941 |
| validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. | to determine the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal gram stain as interpreted by the nugent criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and to consider the use of gram stain as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. | 1996 | 8841221 |
| persistence and the importance of nonreward: some applications of frustration theory and dmod. | unfortunately our world does not always reward us when we expect it, and we must learn to deal with nonreward. how do these experiences influence our behaviors and how can we use them to help us? infrustration theory: an analysis of dispositional learning and memory (1992), abram amsel has answered these questions; he has summarized over 40 years of exciting research and the development of an elegant theory. he has also reviewed recent applications of frustration theory in such areas as fetal al ... | 1994 | 24203514 |
| the relation between memory and expectancy as revealed by percentage and sequence of reward investigations. | there is growing agreement that to explain instrumental learning properly, one should emphasize memory as well as expectancy. i call this approachmemory-expectancy theory. amsel's (1992) frustration theory is one variety of memory-expectancy theory. capaldi's (1994) sequential theory is another. in this report, i examine in considerable detail the effects of percentage and sequence of reward on extinction following different levels of acquisition training. these extinction findings, taken togeth ... | 1994 | 24203513 |
| electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of sleep in the blackbird (turdus merula). | sleep in five blackbirds was investigated by continuous 24-h recordings of eeg, eog, emg, hr, and behavior. because these recordings were similar in many respects to those obtained previously in other species, it was possible to define the electrophysiological correlates of active wakefulness (aw), quiet wakefulness (qw), slow wave sleep (sws), and paradoxical sleep (ps). the time spent in sws and ps was 32.2% and 5.7% of the 24-h period, respectively. the amount of sws decreased during the cour ... | 1993 | 8346306 |
| statistical evaluation of diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis in women of reproductive age. in an attempt to clarify diagnosis of this condition, various parameters of signs and symptoms and groups of parameters were compared with classical diagnostic criteria in 310 patients. there was no significant difference in positive diagnosis rates between the amsel et al. criteria and those of thomason et al. (p = 0.25). the single most reliable indicator of bacterial vaginosis was the presence of clue cell ... | 1990 | 1689107 |
| investigation of the significance of heavy metal contents of blackbird feathers. | the lead, cadmium and zinc in untreated blackbird (turdus merula l.) feathers is predominantly of exogenous origin. the endogenous concentration is of minor importance. the degree of surface metal pollution depends on exposure time. the exogenous fraction of heavy metals cannot be completely removed by washing procedures. the difference between washed and unwashed feathers is demonstrated by sem micrographs. | 1988 | 3232078 |
| vaginitis: a common malady. | approximately 90 per cent of all the vaginitides are caused by bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomoniasis. bacterial vaginosis is the most frequent, causing approximately 50 per cent of vaginal infections. as described by amsel and colleagues, three of four findings indicate bacterial vaginosis: amine odor, ph greater than 4.5, clue cells, and a thin homogeneous discharge. because g. vaginalis colonizes the vagina, treatment should not be instituted in an asymptomatic woman on the basis ... | 1988 | 3054961 |
| a radiotelemetry system for analyzing heart rate responses during playback experiments in blackbirds (turdus merula ). | in acoustical stimulus-response tests on european blackbirds (turdus merula ) in cages and an outdoor aviary, alteration in heart rate (hr) was used to measure reaction strenght. hr was measured by radiotelemetry. the miniature transmitters newly developed for this task had to fulfill the following requirements: simultaneous recordings of hr in several interacting animals; uninterrupted transmission of hr signals, sufficient range and battery life combined with low weight and easy handling prope ... | 1986 | 24925184 |
| seasonal differences in resting metabolic rate of turdus merula. | | 1975 | 1196402 |
| [differential accumulation of chlorinated pesticides in the tissues of turdus merula]. | | 1974 | 4464006 |
| blackbird, turdus merula l., and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus. | | 1973 | 4148119 |
| [the development of pollen grains and formation of pollen tubes in higher plants : iii. dna-replication of vegetative and sperm nuclei in mature pollen grains of barley]. | the dna-content of vegetative and sperm nuclei in mature pollen grains of the barley varieties amsel and wisa and the f1-plants of crossings of the barley varieties impala x wisa and union x wisa was determined by cytophotometry. in addition, the dna-content of nuclei of root tips of amsel and wisa was cytophotometrically measured.the dna contents of the nuclei in root tips of amsel and wisa differed significantly.the data obtained from the measurements of the vegetative and sperm nuclei of the ... | 1973 | 24425075 |
| [sequence of verses in the song of the black-bird turdus merula]. | | 1967 | 4385032 |
| [periodic recurrence of verses in the song of the black-bird turdus merula]. | | 1967 | 4385031 |
| [the neurosecretory system of the diencephalon of the european blackbird (turdus merula l.). after one year expiration and following water deprivation]. | | 1966 | 5990090 |
| tuberculosis in a blackbird (turdus merula). | | 1932 | 19988904 |
| experimental infection by microparasites affects the oxidative balance in their avian reservoir host the blackbird turdus merula. | by draining resources, microparasites can negatively affect the host fitness, which in turn can result in reduced transmission when virulence leads to reductions in host population size. therefore, for a microparasite to persist in nature, the level of harm it can do to its host is expected to be limited. we tested this hypothesis for tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) infections in the blackbird turdus merula, one of the most important avian reservoir hosts in europe. experimenta ... | 2018 | 29478884 |
| complete coding sequence of a novel picorna-like virus in a blackbird infected with usutu virus. | using random high-throughput rna sequencing, the complete coding sequence of a novel picorna-like virus (a 9,228-nt contig containing 212,202 reads) was determined from a blackbird (turdus merula) infected with usutu virus. this sequence shares only 36% amino acid sequence identity with its closest homolog, arivirus 1, (an unclassified member of the order picornavirales), and shares its dicistronic genome arrangement. the new virus was therefore tentatively named "blackbird arilivirus" (ari-like ... | 2018 | 29442227 |
| distribution of usutu virus in germany and its effect on breeding bird populations. | usutu virus (usuv) is an emerging mosquitoborne flavivirus with an increasing number of reports from several countries in europe, where usuv infection has caused high avian mortality rates. however, 20 years after the first observed outbreak of usuv in europe, there is still no reliable assessment of the large-scale impact of usuv outbreaks on bird populations. in this study, we identified the areas suitable for usuv circulation in germany and analyzed the effects of usuv on breeding bird popula ... | 2017 | 29148399 |
| different dynamics of usutu virus infections in austria and hungary, 2017-2018. | usutu virus (usuv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to west nile virus, emerged in austria in 2001, when it caused a considerable mass-mortality of eurasian blackbirds. cases in birds increased until 2003 and quickly declined thereafter, presumably due to developing herd immunity. since 2006, no further cases were recorded, until two blackbirds were tested positive in 2016. in hungary, usuv first appeared in 2005 and has caused only sporadic infections since then. initially, the only ... | 2019 | 31505099 |
| west nile virus epizootic in germany, 2018. | the summer of 2018 in germany was the second hottest and driest on record. these generally extremely favorable climatic conditions most likely triggered the further expansion and the efficient propagation of the zoonotic arthropod-borne west nile virus in many southern/southeastern and even central european countries. wnv infections were detected for the first time in resident wild and aviary birds, such as common blackbirds, northern goshawks and great grey owls in eastern and southeastern germ ... | 2019 | 30550796 |
| multiple lineages of usutu virus (flaviviridae, flavivirus) in blackbirds (turdus merula) and mosquitoes (culex pipiens, cx. modestus) in the czech republic (2016-2019). | usutu virus (usuv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae: flavivirus) of an african origin transmitted among its natural hosts (diverse species of birds) by mosquitoes. the virus was introduced multiple times to europe where it caused mortality of blackbirds (turdus merula) and certain other susceptible species of birds. in this study, we report detection of usuv rna in blackbirds, culex pipiens and cx. modestus mosquitoes in the czech republic, and isolation of 10 new czech usuv strains from carcasses ... | 2019 | 31744087 |
| usutu virus epizootic in belgium in 2017 and 2018: evidence of virus endemization and ongoing introduction events. | wildlife surveillance allowed the monitoring of the zoonotic mosquito-borne usutu virus (usuv) in birds and bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus) in southern belgium in 2017 and 2018. usuv-rna was detected in 69 birds (of 253) from 15 species, among which 7 species had not previously been reported to be susceptible to the infection. similarly, 2 bats (of 10) were detected positive by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). usuv-associated lesions were mainly found in e ... | 2020 | 31479400 |
| targeted surveillance reveals native and invasive mosquito species infected with usutu virus. | the emergence of usutu virus (usuv) in europe was first reported in austria, 2001, and the virus has since spread to many european countries. initial outbreaks are marked by a mass die-off of european blackbirds (turdus merula) and other bird species. during outbreaks, the virus has been detected in pools of culex pipiens mosquitoes, and these mosquitoes are probably the most important enzootic vectors. beginning in 2017, a second wave of blackbird deaths associated with usuv was observed in eas ... | 2019 | 30665453 |
| evaluating the risk for usutu virus circulation in europe: comparison of environmental niche models and epidemiological models. | usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, reported in many countries of africa and europe, with an increasing spatial distribution and host range. recent outbreaks leading to regional declines of european common blackbird (turdus merula) populations and a rising number of human cases emphasize the need for increased awareness and spatial risk assessment. | 2018 | 30314528 |
| assessment of vector competence of uk mosquitoes for usutu virus of african origin. | usutu virus (usuv) is an emerging zoonotic virus originally from sub-saharan africa. it has been introduced into europe on multiple occasions, causing substantial mortality within the eurasian blackbird (turdus merula) population. it is transmitted by the mosquito species culex pipiens in europe and africa. vector competence studies indicate that european strains of usuv are readily transmitted by indigenous cx. pipiens. however, there is limited information on the ability of an african strain t ... | 2018 | 29970149 |
| usutu virus epizootic and plasmodium coinfection in eurasian blackbirds ( turdus merula) in flanders, belgium. | at the end of the summer of 2016, unusually high levels of mortality were detected in passeriformes and strigiformes in flanders, belgium, mainly in eurasian blackbirds ( turdus merula). a passive surveillance program demonstrated a widespread usutu virus outbreak and revealed a coinfection with plasmodium in 99% of the dead passerine birds that were necropsied. | 2018 | 29889004 |
| epidemiology of usutu virus: the european scenario. | usutu virus (usuv) is an emerging arbovirus isolated in 1959 (usutu river, swaziland). previously restricted to sub-saharan africa, the virus was introduced in europe in 1996. while the usuv has received little attention in africa, the virus emergence has prompted numerous studies with robust epidemiological surveillance programs in europe. the natural transmission cycle of usuv involves mosquitoes (vectors) and birds (amplifying hosts) with humans and other mammals considered incidental ("dead- ... | 2020 | 32858963 |
| study of usutu virus neuropathogenicity in mice and human cellular models. | usutu virus (usuv), an african mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to west nile virus, was first isolated in south africa in 1959. usuv emerged in europe two decades ago, causing notably massive mortality in eurasian blackbirds. usuv is attracting increasing attention due to its potential for emergence and its rapid spread in europe in recent years. although mainly asymptomatic or responsible for mild clinical signs, usuv was recently described as being associated with neurological disorde ... | 2020 | 32324736 |
| species diversity, host preference and arbovirus detection of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in south-eastern serbia. | culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) is a genus of small biting midges (also known as "no-see ums") that currently includes 1368 described species. they are proven or suspected vectors for important pathogens affecting animals such as bluetongue virus (btv) and schmallenberg virus (sbv). currently little information is available on the species of culicoides present in serbia. thus, the aim of this study was to examine species diversity, host preference and the presence of btv and sbv rna in cul ... | 2019 | 30683145 |
| parasites in space and time: a case study of haemosporidian spatiotemporal prevalence in urban birds. | prevalence responses to anthropic factors differ across hosts and parasite species. we here analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of avian haemosporidian prevalence in bird assemblages of the mooswald forest (i.e., urban greenspace; freiburg, germany), in response to local environmental features (e.g., water sources, human presence (visited)/absence (unvisited)) and bird-level traits (e.g., body condition, age, sex) in 2 years. we used a nested pcr protocol (mitochondrial (mt)dna cytochrome b (c ... | 2019 | 30673588 |
| presence and diversity of mixed avian plasmodium spp. infections in introduced birds whose distribution overlapped with threatened new zealand endemic birds. | aims: to determine the presence of infection and co-infection of plasmodium lineages in introduced birds at translocation sites for the north island saddleback (philesturnus rufusater), to investigate their role as plasmodium spp. reservoirs.methods: blood samples were collected from introduced bird species, with a special focus on blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (turdus philomelos), at six locations in the north island of new zealand that were the origin, or translocation sites, fo ... | 2020 | 31645214 |
| free-ranging avifauna as a source of generalist parasites for captive birds in zoological settings: an overview of parasite records and potential for cross-transmission. | captive birds in zoological settings often harbor parasites, but little information is available about the potential for free-ranging avifauna to act as a source of infection. this review summarizes the gastrointestinal parasites found in zoo birds globally and in seven common free-ranging avian species [mallard (anas platyrhynchos), eurasian blackbird (turdus merula), common starling (sturnus vulgaris), eurasian jackdaw (corvus monedula), house sparrow (passer domesticus), european robin (erith ... | 2020 | 33005675 |
| structural and proteomic analyses of vitelline membrane proteins of blackbird (turdus merula) and song thrush (turdus philomelos). | in this study, we aimed to perform structural and proteomic analysis of the vitelline membrane (vm) of two species birds belonging to the family turdidae: blackbird (turdus merula) and song thrush (turdus philomelos). we performed structural analyses using scanning electron microscopy. the vm proteins were identified and compared to the best-known chicken vm proteins. according to our results, vm of both species has a typical three-layered structure: the outer layer, inner layer, and the continu ... | 2020 | 33168893 |
| prevalence of avian metapneumovirus subtype b in live bird market in gilan province, iran. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in chickens. four ampv subgroups (a-d) have been reported previously based on their genetic and antigenic differences. evidence suggests that the live bird markets (lbms) play an important role in the epidemiology of the avian viral diseases. a total number of 450 oropharyngeal samples from eight different species of birds (migr ... | 2018 | 29719670 |
| coccidian parasites from birds at rehabilitation centers in portugal, with notes on avispora bubonis in old world. | portugal has some rehabilitation centers for wild animals, which are responsible for the rehabilitation and reintroduction of birds, among other animals, into the wild. coccidian parasites of these wild birds in rehabilitation centers are especially important because these centers can introduce coccidian species into new environments through the reintroduction of their respective hosts. in this context, the current study aimed to identify intestinal coccidia from wild birds at two rehabilitation ... | 2019 | 31141018 |
| experimental usutu virus infection in domestic canaries serinus canaria. | usutu virus (usuv) is a neurotropic flavivirus closely related to west nile virus (wnv). its enzootic cycle mainly involves mosquitoes and birds. human infection can occur with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. since its emergence and spread in europe over the last two decades, usuv has been linked to significant avian outbreaks, especially among passeriformes, including european blackbirds (turdus merula). strikingly, no in vivo avian model exists so far to study thi ... | 2020 | 32023880 |
| effects of forest structure on the interaction between avian hosts, dipteran vectors and haemosporidian parasites. | forest habitats are important biodiversity refuges for a wide variety of bird species. parasitism may modulate host species presence and abundance, and parasite effects can change according to forest management practices. such processes are not well studied in vector-borne avian haemosporidians. we analyzed the effects of forest management on bird-dipteran-haemosporidian interactions, using seven common bird species in managed and unmanaged beech forest habitats in northeastern germany. we assum ... | 2020 | 32814584 |
| getting under the birds' skin: tissue tropism of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in naturally and experimentally infected avian hosts. | wild birds are frequently exposed to the zoonotic tick-borne bacteria borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), and some bird species act as reservoirs for some borrelia genospecies. studying the tropism of borrelia in the host, how it is sequestered in different organs, and whether it is maintained in circulation and/or in the host's skin is important to understand pathogenicity, infectivity to vector ticks and reservoir competency.we evaluated tissue dissemination of borrelia in blackbirds (turd ... | 2020 | 31612324 |
| treating male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (stepup): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical effectiveness of male partner treatment for reducing the risk of bv recurrence. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is estimated to affect 1 in 3 women globally and is associated with obstetric and gynaecological sequelae. current recommended therapies have good short-term efficacy but 1 in 2 women experience bv recurrence within 6 months of treatment. evidence of male carriage of bv-organisms suggests that male partners may be reinfecting women with bv-associated bacteria (henceforth referred to as bv-organisms) and impacting on the efficacy of treatment approaches solely directed to ... | 2020 | 33176727 |
| mitochondrial dna in ixodus ricinus (acari: ixodidae) on birds reflects ticks' transportation routes to lista, norway. | ticks are important pathogen vectors, and large mammals and birds have the greatest potential for dispersing them. to study tick dispersal by migrating birds, we have analysed genetic variations in mitochondrial dna control region from ixodes ricinus from northward migrating blackbird, turdus merula, and (european) robin, erithacus rubecula, at the lista bird observatory in southwestern norway. we compared their genetic structure with that of resident tick populations from areas covering their e ... | 2020 | 33130437 |
| detection of usutu virus infection in wild birds in the united kingdom, 2020. | in august 2020, as part of a long-term disease surveillance programme, usutu virus was detected in five eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and one house sparrow (passer domesticus) from greater london, england. this was initially detected by reverse transcription-pcr and was confirmed by virus isolation and by immunohistochemical detection of flavivirus in tissues. phylogenetic analysis identified usutu virus african 3.2 lineage, which is prevalent in the netherlands and belgium, suggesting a p ... | 2020 | 33063656 |
| two new species of the genus psorosa zeller, 1846 (lepidoptera: pyralidae, phycitinae) from south kazakhstan. | psorosa desaturata sp. nov. and psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. are described from karatau mts. in south kazakhstan. male and female genitalia of the species as well as the habitus of the imagines are illustrated. psorosa desaturata sp. nov. is similar to psorosa nucleolella (möschler, 1866) and psorosa mediterranella amsel, 1954. psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. belongs to the psorosa maraschella caradja, 1910 species group. | 2020 | 33056463 |
| notes on taxonomy and distribution of some palaearctic ancylosis zeller, 1839 (lepidoptera: pyralidae: phycitinae). | the taxonomy of several ancylosis species is revised. four new synonyms are established: ancylosis brunneonervella roesler, 1970 syn. nov. of ancylosis albicosta (staudinger, 1870); ancylosis psammicola (roesler, 1970) syn. nov. of ancylosis leucocephala (staudinger, 1879); ancylosis unicolorella (roesler, 1970) syn. nov. of ancylosis pallida (staudinger, 1870). the following taxa are re-instated as separate species: ancylosis delicatella (möschler, 1860) spec. rev., stat. nov. and ancylosis cil ... | 2020 | 33056266 |
| migrant blackbirds, turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index. | birds have been observed to have dietary preferences for unsaturated fatty acids during migration. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) may increase the exercise performance of migrant birds; however, pufas are also peroxidation prone and might therefore incur increased costs in terms of enhanced oxidative damage in migratory individuals. to shed light on this potential constraint, we analyzed plasma fatty acid (fa) composition and estimated the unsaturation index as a proxy for susceptibility to ... | 2020 | 33005375 |
| physician awareness and adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the diagnosis of vaginitis patients: a retrospective chart review. | vaginitis is one of the main causes of primary care and gynecological visits in the united states. the most common infectious causes are bacterial vaginosis (bv), vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), and trichomoniasis. a physician survey was conducted to measure awareness of vaginitis clinical guidelines and availability of in-office point-of-care (poc) diagnostic tools. participants were asked to perform a chart review to evaluate diagnostic practices for their symptomatic vaginitis patients. a tot ... | 2020 | 32985960 |
| the effect of quercus (oak gal) vaginal cream versus metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis: a double‑blind randomized controlled trial. | this study was aimed to compare the effect of an oak gall extract‑based cream and a metronidazole gel on the bacterial vaginosis among women in reproductive age. | 2020 | 32951746 |
| impact of microablative fractional radiofrequency on the vaginal health, microbiota, and cellularity of postmenopausal women. | we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microablative fractional radiofrequency (mafrf) in the non-hormonal treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. | 2020 | 32756817 |
| local population structure and seasonal variability of borrelia garinii genotypes in ixodes ricinus ticks, slovakia. | lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne human disease in europe, and borrelia garinii, which is associated with avian reservoirs, is one of the most genetically diverse and widespread human pathogenic genospecies from the b. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex. the clinical manifestations of ld are known to vary between regions and depend on the genetic strain even within borrelia genospecies. it is thus of importance to explore the genetic diversity of such pathogenic borreliae for th ... | 2020 | 32455590 |
| effects on vaginal microbiota restoration and cervical epithelialization in positive hpv patients undergoing vaginal treatment with carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan. | evaluate the effects of carboxy-methyl-beta-glucan on cervical epithelialization and on the vaginal microbiota in patients with hpv infection or low-grade cervical preneoplastic lesion (cin 1). | 2020 | 32420349 |
| five percent monolaurin vaginal gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. | the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that 5% monolaurin vaginal gel, a naturally occurring monoglyceride shown to have antimicrobial effects on vaginal pathogens without affecting lactobacillus species, cures bacterial vaginosis (bv). | 2020 | 32379102 |
| review of the tribe anerastiini (lepidoptera: pyralidae: phycitinae) from ukraine. | five species of the tribe anerastiini from ukraine are reviewed. coenochroa ablutella (zeller, 1839) is reported from ukraine for the first time. hypsotropa limbella zeller, 1848 is removed from the list of pyralidae of ukraine as it was based on a misidentification. five new synonyms are established: hafisia amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of zophodiodes ragonot, 1887; hafisia lundbladi amsel, 1950 syn. nov. of zophodiodes leucocostella ragonot, 1887; anerastia korbi caradja, 1910 syn. nov. of coenochroa ... | 2020 | 32230037 |
| asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis is associated with depletion of mature superficial cells shed from the vaginal epithelium. | previous studies have described bacterial vaginosis (bv) as associated with increased cell-shedding from the cervicovaginal epithelium. cell-shedding in excess of cell-proliferation is thought to decrease epithelial barrier function and increase susceptibility to infection. this study evaluated the number of shed cells in mid-vaginal smears from women with a diagnosis of symptomatic bv (sbv, n = 17), asymptomatic bv (abv, n = 71), or no bv (n = 104) by amsel criteria. the sbv smears contained si ... | 2020 | 32211347 |
| physiological stress does not increase with urbanization in european blackbirds: evidence from hormonal, immunological and cellular indicators. | urbanization changes the landscape structure and ecological processes of natural habitats. while urban areas expose animal communities to novel challenges, they may also provide more stable environments in which environmental fluctuations are buffered. species´ ecology and physiology may determine their capacity to cope with the city life. however, the physiological mechanisms underlying organismal responses to urbanization, and whether different physiological systems are equally affected by urb ... | 2020 | 32169634 |
| maternal effects and urbanization: variation of yolk androgens and immunoglobulin in city and forest blackbirds. | wildlife inhabiting urban environments exhibit drastic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior. it has often been argued that these phenotypic responses could be the result of micro-evolutionary changes following the urbanization process. however, other mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity, maternal effects, and developmental plasticity could be involved as well. to address maternal effects as potential mechanisms, we compared maternal hormone and antibody concentrations in eggs betw ... | 2020 | 32128150 |
| evaluation of vulvovaginitis and hygiene habits of women attended in primary health care units of the family. | this study aims to investigate the occurrence of vulvovaginal infections, to describe and to relate the hygiene habits of women who were treated at the units of primary attention to family health in a municipality in the interior of brazil. | 2020 | 32099484 |
| oral intake of lactobacilli can be helpful in symptomatic bacterial vaginosis: a randomized clinical study. | the aim of the study was to explore a role of oral intake of a mixture of 3 lactobacillus species in recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (bv). | 2020 | 32091443 |
| genomic monitoring to understand the emergence and spread of usutu virus in the netherlands, 2016-2018. | usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in western europe that causes die-offs of mainly common blackbirds (turdus merula). in the netherlands, usuv was first detected in 2016, when it was identified as the likely cause of an outbreak in birds. in this study, dead blackbirds were collected, screened for the presence of usuv and submitted to nanopore-based sequencing. genomic sequences of 112 usuv were obtained and phylogenetic analysis showed that most viruses identified be ... | 2020 | 32071379 |
| haemosporidioses in wild eurasian blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (t. philomelos): an in situ hybridization study with emphasis on exo-erythrocytic parasite burden. | passerine birds are frequently infected with diverse haemosporidian parasites. while infections are traditionally considered benign in wild birds, recent studies demonstrated mortalities of passerine species due to exo-erythrocytic development of the parasites, which can damage organs in affected hosts. however, exo-erythrocytic development remains insufficiently investigated for most haemosporidian species and thus little is known about the virulence of tissue stages in wild passerine birds. th ... | 2020 | 32050970 |
| stopover departure decisions in songbirds: do long-distance migrants depart earlier and more independently of weather conditions than medium-distance migrants? | songbirds following distinct migration strategies (e.g. long- vs. short- to medium-distance migrants) often differ in their speed of migration during autumn and, thus, are assumed to face different time constraints. during migration, most songbird species alternate migratory flights with stopover periods. many of them restrict these migratory flights to the night, i.e., they are nocturnal migrants. at stopover, nocturnal migrants need to select a specific night (night-to-night decision) and time ... | 2020 | 32047634 |
| association of risk factors with spontaneous preterm labour with intact foetal membranes. | spontaneous preterm labour refers to the onset of uterine contractions of sufficient strength and frequency to effect progressive dilatation between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation. the objective of the study was to determine an association between risk factors and spontaneous preterm labour with intact foetal membranes. | 2020 | 31933306 |
| responses of new zealand forest birds to management of introduced mammals. | over the past 1000 years new zealand has lost 40-50% of its bird species, and over half of these extinctions are attributable to predation by introduced mammals. populations of many extant forest bird species continue to be depredated by mammals, especially rats, possums, and mustelids. the management history of new zealand's forests over the past 50 years presents a unique opportunity because a varied program of mammalian predator control has created a replicated management experiment. we condu ... | 2020 | 31893568 |
| a biochemiluminescent sialidase assay for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common condition among women of reproductive age. a sensitive, quantitative and rapid assay is needed for the diagnosis of and, particularly, therapy monitoring for bv. bacterial sialidase appears to play an important role in bacterial biofilms on vaginal epithelium, a condition closely associated with bv. here, we report a biochemiluminescent sialidase assay that uses a substrate derivatized with firefly luciferin. in the presence of sialidase in the reaction, the ... | 2019 | 31882933 |
| clinical validation of the aptima bacterial vaginosis and aptima candida/trichomonas vaginitis assays: results from a prospective multicenter clinical study. | infectious vaginitis due to bacterial vaginosis (bv), vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), and trichomonas vaginalis accounts for a significant proportion of all gynecologic visits in the united states. a prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted to validate the performance of two new in vitro diagnostic transcription-mediated amplification nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) for diagnosis of bv, vvc, and trichomoniasis. patient- and clinician-collected vaginal-swab samples obtained f ... | 2020 | 31748322 |
| an annotated checklist of gelechiidae (lepidoptera) of israel with description of two new species. | one hundred forty-six species of gelechiidae including 36 new records are reported from israel. anarsia balioneura meyrick, 1921 and polyhymno chionarcha meyrick, 1913 are recorded for the first time in the palaearctic region. two new species are described: metzneria freidbergi sp. nov., and scrobipalpa aravensis sp. nov. six new synonyms are established: stygmatoptera hartig, 1936 syn. nov. of polyhymno chambers, 1874; eulamprotes bradley, 1971 syn. nov. of oxypteryx rebel, 1911; polyhymno abai ... | 2019 | 31715980 |
| an annotated catalogue of elachistinae of the world (lepidoptera: gelechioidea: elachistidae). | an annotated catalogue of world species of elachistinae (lepidoptera: gelechioidea: elachistidae) is presented. the classification follows recent phylogenetic studies. genera and the species within each genus are listed in alphabetical order. all family, genus and species-group names of elachistinae published before 28 august 2018 are treated. sixty-six genus-group names are listed, 60 of which are nomenclaturally available. in the classification followed in this catalogue the species are placed ... | 2019 | 31712495 |
| assortative mating frames establishment in a young island bird population. | successful island colonizations are key events to understand range dynamic processes, but studying a young population right after it reaches establishment is a rare opportunity in natural systems. the genetic structure of a recently established population may offer unique insights into its colonization history and demographic processes that are important for a successful colonization. here, we studied the population genetics of a recently established island population of eurasian blackbirds (ave ... | 2019 | 31598228 |
| vaginal microbiome transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis. | we report the results of a first exploratory study testing the use of vaginal microbiome transplantation (vmt) from healthy donors as a therapeutic alternative for patients suffering from symptomatic, intractable and recurrent bacterial vaginosis (clinicaltrials.gov nct02236429 ). in our case series, five patients were treated, and in four of them vmt was associated with full long-term remission until the end of follow-up at 5-21 months after vmt, defined as marked improvement of symptoms, amsel ... | 2019 | 31591599 |
| conventional oral and secondary high dose vaginal metronidazole therapy for recurrent bacterial vaginosis: clinical outcomes, impacts of sex and menses. | oral metronidazole therapy is the standard of care for bacterial vaginosis (bv), yet it has alarming rates of recurrence and refractory responses among recurrent bv (rbv) patients. this study addresses whether high dose vaginal metronidazole therapy (hdm) is beneficial in rbv patients who fail after standard of care (soc) therapy, whether diagnostic test scores proximal to the hdm predict clinical outcome, and whether menses, coitus, or race influences therapy outcome. | 2019 | 31413606 |
| host responses to foreign eggs across the avian visual color space. | despite extensive research on the sensory and cognitive processes of host rejection of avian brood parasites' eggs, the underlying perceptual and cognitive mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. historically, most studies of host egg discrimination assumed that hosts rejected a parasite's egg from their nest based on the perceived color and pattern differences between the parasite's egg and their own. a recent study used a continuous range of parasitic egg colors and discovered that hosts w ... | 2019 | 31251649 |
| ixodes frontalis: a neglected but ubiquitous tick species in germany. | the ornithophilic tick species ixodes frontalis (panzer) is spatially distributed in europe, asia and northern africa. it can serve as a carrier of different bacteria and viruses, but little is known of its actual vector competence. in addition, adult females of this species are associated with the avian "tick-related syndrome" (trs). like most ornithophilic tick species, i. frontalis is usually collected from bird nests or directly from their hosts. reports of i. frontalis being collected with ... | 2019 | 31093856 |
| air sac trematodes: morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (turdus merula). | necropsy of two free-ranging common blackbirds (turdus merula) found dead in central italy revealed the presence of a high number of cyclocoelid flukes in the coelomatic cavity. cyclocoelid flukes primarily infect avian respiratory system. histologically, air sac walls were covered with a fibrinous exudate containing degenerate heterophils, many trematodes and some colonies of gram-positive cocci. the superficial bronchi and parabronchi were markedly distended, and the adjacent pulmonary parench ... | 2019 | 31011529 |
| antimicrobial resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli in common wild bird species in switzerland. | a total of 294 fecal swabs from 294 wild birds in switzerland were cultivated for antimicrobial resistant (amr) escherichia coli. samples were also subcultivated to detect e. coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl), carbapenemases, and plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside or colistin resistance, respectively. samples from 17 (5.8%) of the birds contained 19 amr e. coli, whereof 26.3% were multidrug resistant. five (1.7%) esbl-producing e. coli were detected. the isolates harbored blactx-m-1 ( ... | 2019 | 31006991 |
| comparison of amsel criteria, nugent score, culture and two ce-ivd marked quantitative real-time pcrs with microbiota analysis for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common gynaecological condition. diagnosis of bv is typically based on amsel criteria, nugent score and/or bacterial culture. in this study, these conventional methods and two ce-ivd marked quantitative real-time (q)pcr assays were compared with microbiota analysis for the diagnosis of bv. eighty women were evaluated for bv during two sequential hospital visits by amsel criteria, nugent score, culture, the amplisens® florocenosis/bacterial vaginosis-frt pcr kit (int ... | 2019 | 30903536 |
| combined vaginal administration of nystatin, diiodohydroxyquin, and benzalkonium chloride versus oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. | to compare combined vaginal administration of nystatin, diiodohydroxyquin, and benzalkonium chloride versus oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (bv). | 2019 | 30895611 |