| targeted herceptin-dextran iron oxide nanoparticles for noninvasive imaging of her2/neu receptors using mri. | a novel magnetic resonance imaging (mri) contrast agent containing herceptin is reported. the surfaces of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were modified with dextran and conjugated with herceptin (herceptin-nanoparticles) to improve their dispersion, magnetization, and targeting of the specific receptors on cells. from analytical results, we found that herceptin-nanoparticles were well dispersed in solutions of various ph range, and had no hysteresis, high saturation magnetization (80 ... | 2009 | 18975017 |
| evidence for increased olfactory receptor gene repertoire size in two nocturnal bird species with well-developed olfactory ability. | in vertebrates, the molecular basis of the sense of smell is encoded by members of a large gene family, namely olfactory receptor (or) genes. both the total number of or genes and the proportion of intact or genes in a genome may indicate the importance of the sense of smell for an animal. there is behavioral, physiological, and anatomical evidence that some bird species, in particular nocturnal birds, have a well developed sense of smell. therefore, we hypothesized that nocturnal birds with goo ... | 2009 | 19467156 |
| in situ magnetic separation and immobilization of dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing bacteria. | in situ cell separation and immobilization of bacterial cells for biodesulfurization were developed by using superparamagnetic fe(3)o(4) nanoparticles (nps). the fe(3)o(4) nps were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by modification with ammonium oleate. the surface-modified nps were monodispersed and the particle size was about 13 nm with 50.8 emu/g saturation magnetization. after adding the magnetic fluids to the culture broth, rhodococcus erythropolis lsse8-1 cells were immobilized by ads ... | 2009 | 19541480 |
| genome evolution in reptilia: in silico chicken mapping of 12,000 bac-end sequences from two reptiles and a basal bird. | with the publication of the draft chicken genome and the recent production of several bac clone libraries from non-avian reptiles and birds, it is now possible to undertake more detailed comparative genomic studies in reptilia. of interest in particular are the genomic events that transformed the large, repeat-rich genomes of mammals and non-avian reptiles into the minimalist chicken genome. we have used paired bac end sequences (bess) from the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis), pa ... | 2009 | 19607659 |
| contact stress distributions on the femoral head of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains a challenging orthopaedic problem. the disease frequently progresses to femoral head collapse, leading to debilitating osteoarthritis in the affected hip(s). since a major goal of pre-collapse interventions is to forestall the need for hip arthroplasty, it is important that any animal models used to develop or study such interventions also have a natural history of progression to femoral head collapse. the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), a large flightle ... | 2009 | 19665715 |
| epigenetic changes during disease progression in a murine model of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | epigenetic alterations, including gain or loss of dna methylation, are a hallmark of nearly every malignancy. changes in dna methylation can impact expression of cancer-related genes including apoptosis regulators and tumor suppressors. because such epigenetic changes are reversible, they are being aggressively investigated as potential therapeutic targets. here we use the emu-tcl1 transgenic mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) to determine the timing and patterns of aberrant dna m ... | 2009 | 19666576 |
| replacement of imu-cmu intron by neor gene alters imu germ-line expression but has no effect on v(d)j recombination. | the neor gene has often been used to unravel the mechanisms underlying long-range interactions between promoters and enhancers during v(d)j assembly and class switch recombination (csr) in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) locus. this approach led to the notion that csr is regulated through competition of germ-line (gl) promoters for activities displayed by the 3' regulatory region (3'rr). this polarized long-range effect of the 3'rr is disturbed upon insertion of neor gene in the igh constan ... | 2010 | 20036775 |
| emu-bcl10 mice exhibit constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical nf-kappab pathways generating marginal zone (mz) b-cell expansion as a precursor to splenic mz lymphoma. | bcl10, required for nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) activation during antigen-driven lymphocyte responses, is aberrantly expressed in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type marginal zone (mz) lymphomas because of chromosomal translocations. emu-driven human bcl10 transgenic (tg) mice, which we created and characterize here, had expanded populations of mz b cells and reduced follicular and b1a cells. splenic b cells from tg mice exhibited constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonic ... | 2009 | 19696203 |
| the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain v-d intergenic sequence contains insulators that may regulate ordered v(d)j recombination. | during immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) v(d)j recombination, d to j precedes v to dj recombination in an ordered manner, controlled by differential chromatin accessibility of the v and dj regions and essential for correct antibody assembly. however, with the exception of the intronic enhancer emu, which regulates d to j recombination, cis-acting regulatory elements have not been identified. we have assembled the sequence of a strategically located 96-kb v-d intergenic region in the mouse igh and ... | 2010 | 20100833 |
| gold hybrid nanoparticles for targeted phototherapy and cancer imaging. | gold and iron oxide hybrid nanoparticles (hnps) synthesized by the thermal decomposition technique are bio-functionalized with a single chain antibody, scfv, that binds to the a33 antigen present on colorectal cancer cells. the hnp-scfv conjugates are stable in aqueous solution with a magnetization value of 44 emu g(-1) and exhibit strong optical absorbance at 800 nm. here we test this material in targeting, imaging and selective thermal killing of colorectal cancer cells. cellular uptake studie ... | 2010 | 20154383 |
| a role for e2f activities in determining the fate of myc-induced lymphomagenesis. | the phenotypic heterogeneity that characterizes human cancers reflects the enormous genetic complexity of the oncogenic process. this complexity can also be seen in mouse models where it is frequently observed that in addition to the initiating genetic alteration, the resulting tumor harbors additional, somatically acquired mutations that affect the tumor phenotype. to investigate the role of genetic interactions in the development of tumors, we have made use of the emu-myc model of pre-b and b ... | 2009 | 19749980 |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia of emu-tcl1 transgenic mice undergoes rapid cell turnover that can be offset by extrinsic cd257 to accelerate disease progression. | results of heavy-water labeling studies have challenged the notion that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) represents an accumulation of noncycling b cells. we examined leukemia cell turnover in emu-tcl1 transgenic (tcl1-tg) mice, which develop a cll-like disease at 8 to 12 months of age. we found that leukemia cells in these mice not only had higher proportions of proliferating cells but also apoptotic cells than did nonleukemic lymphocytes. we crossed tcl1-tg with baff-tg mice, which express h ... | 2009 | 19755673 |
| distinctive cell properties of b cells carrying the bcl2 translocation and their potential roles in the development of lymphoma of germinal center type. | the bcl2/igh translocation is a hallmark of follicular lymphoma and germinal center b-cell type diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. although a strong determinant of these histological subtypes, this translocation is insufficient by itself for lymphomagenesis, so that other genetic alterations are required. to clarify how the bcl2 translocation contributes to the development of specific lymphoma subtypes, we used chimeric mouse models and a bone marrow transplantation system to examine the biological ... | 2009 | 19780757 |
| in vivo rnai screening identifies regulators of actin dynamics as key determinants of lymphoma progression. | mouse models have markedly improved our understanding of cancer development and tumor biology. however, these models have shown limited efficacy as tractable systems for unbiased genetic experimentation. here, we report the adaptation of loss-of-function screening to mouse models of cancer. specifically, we have been able to introduce a library of shrnas into individual mice using transplantable emu-myc lymphoma cells. this approach has allowed us to screen nearly 1,000 genetic alterations in th ... | 2009 | 19783987 |
| a novel route in bone tissue engineering: magnetic biomimetic scaffolds. | in recent years, interest in tissue engineering and its solutions has increased considerably. in particular, scaffolds have become fundamental tools in bone graft substitution and are used in combination with a variety of bio-agents. however, a long-standing problem in the use of these conventional scaffolds lies in the impossibility of re-loading the scaffold with the bio-agents after implantation. this work introduces the magnetic scaffold as a conceptually new solution. the magnetic scaffold ... | 2010 | 19788946 |
| pnaemu can significantly reduce burkitt's lymphoma tumor burden in a scid mice model: cells dissemination similar to the human disease. | in human burkitt's lymphoma (bl) brg cells, a t(8;14) translocation, placing c-myc near the emu enhancer of the h chain locus, causes tumor expansion. earlier, we showed that a peptide nucleic acid complementary to the emu sequence (pnaemu), specifically inhibited the expression of translocated c-myc and impaired the growth of brg cells-induced subcutaneous tumors in mice suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). in this study, the therapeutic potential of pnaemu was evaluated in a ... | 2009 | 19363465 |
| superparamagnetic microsphere-assisted fluoroimmunoassay for rapid assessment of acute myocardial infarction. | rapid assessment of acute myocardial infarction (ami) was successfully demonstrated using an improved superparamagnetic polymer microsphere-assisted sandwich fluoroimmunoassay to detect two early cardiac markers-myoglobin and human heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-fabp). this assay used a preparation of superparamagnetic poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-acrylamide) microspheres, glutaraldehyde-coupled capture antibodies (monoclonal anti-myoglobin 7c3 and anti-h-fabp 10e1) grafted onto the pol ... | 2009 | 19394809 |
| altering chemosensitivity by modulating translation elongation. | the process of translation occurs at a nexus point downstream of a number of signal pathways and developmental processes. modeling activation of the pten/akt/mtor pathway in the emu-myc mouse is a valuable tool to study tumor genotype/chemosensitivity relationships in vivo. in this model, blocking translation initiation with silvestrol, an inhibitor of the ribosome recruitment step has been showed to modulate the sensitivity of the tumors to the effect of standard chemotherapy. however, inhibito ... | 2009 | 19412536 |
| the primary structure of a novel riboflavin-binding protein of emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | emu riboflavin-binding protein (rbp) was purified from egg white and yolk, and its n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. the molecular mass of emu rbp was estimated at approximately 48 and 45 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, i.e., 10 kda larger than chicken rbp. the molecular mass of deglycosylated rbps indicated that the content of oligosaccharide chain in emu rbp was approximately 3 times greater than that in chicken rbp. the gene encoding the rbp prec ... | 2009 | 19416692 |
| complex oncogenic translocations with gene amplification are initiated by specific dna breaks in lymphocytes. | chromosomal instability is a hallmark of many tumor types. complex chromosomal rearrangements with associated gene amplification, known as complicons, characterize many hematologic and solid cancers. whereas chromosomal aberrations, including complicons, are useful diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers, their molecular origins are not known. although accumulating evidence has implicated dna double-strand break repair in suppression of oncogenic genome instability, the genomic elements require ... | 2009 | 19435904 |
| tumoricidal effects of activated macrophages in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the emu-tcl1 transgenic mouse spontaneously develops a cd5(+) b cell lymphoproliferative disorder similar to human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). given the ineffectual t cell antitumor responses in this mouse model of cll, we sought to determine whether combined treatment with anti-cd40 mab (alphacd40) and cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg) could exert immunotherapeutic effects. we have previously shown that macrophages activated by sequential ligation of cd40 and tlr9 could become ... | 2009 | 19454672 |
| suppression of b-cell lymphomagenesis by the bh3-only proteins bmf and bad. | oncogenic c-myc is known to balance excessive proliferation by apoptosis that can be triggered by p53-dependent and p53-independent signaling networks. here, we provide evidence that the bh3-only proapoptotic bcl-2 family members bcl-2 modifying factor (bmf) and bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (bad) are potent antagonists of c-myc-driven b-cell lymphomagenesis. tumor formation was preceded by the accumulation of preneoplastic pre-b and immature immunoglobulin m-positive (igm(+)) b cells in hemato ... | 2010 | 19965635 |
| malignant transformation of slp65-deficient pre-b cells involves disruption of the arf-mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. | the adapter protein slp65 is a key component of the precursor-b (pre-b) cell receptor. slp65-deficient mice spontaneously develop pre-b cell leukemia, but the mechanism by which slp65(-/-) pre-b cells become malignant is unknown. loss of btk, a tec-family kinase that cooperates with slp65 as a tumor suppressor, synergizes with deregulation of the c-myc oncogene during lymphoma formation. here, we report that the presence of the immunoglobulin heavy chain transgene v(h)81x prevented tumor develop ... | 2010 | 20008789 |
| mir-19 is a key oncogenic component of mir-17-92. | recent studies have revealed the importance of multiple micrornas (mirnas) in promoting tumorigenesis, among which mir-17-92/oncomir-1 exhibits potent oncogenic activity. genomic amplification and elevated expression of mir-17-92 occur in several human b-cell lymphomas, and enforced mir-17-92 expression in mice cooperates with c-myc to promote the formation of b-cell lymphomas. unlike classic protein-coding oncogenes, mir-17-92 has an unconventional gene structure, where one primary transcript y ... | 2009 | 20008935 |
| polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for brain tumor drug delivery using magnetic targeting and intra-carotid administration. | this study aimed to examine the applicability of polyethyleneimine (pei)-modified magnetic nanoparticles (gpei) as a potential vascular drug/gene carrier to brain tumors. in vitro, gpei exhibited high cell association and low cell toxicity--properties which are highly desirable for intracellular drug/gene delivery. in addition, a high saturation magnetization of 93 emu/g fe was expected to facilitate magnetic targeting of gpei to brain tumor lesions. however, following intravenous administration ... | 2010 | 20494439 |
| il-6 and myc collaborate in plasma cell tumor formation in mice. | interleukin-6 (il-6) plays a critical role in the natural history of human plasma cell neoplasms (pcns), such as plasma cell myeloma and plasmacytoma (pct). il-6 is also at the center of neoplastic plasma cell transformation in balb/c (c) mice carrying a transgene, h2-l(d)-il6, that encodes human il-6 under control of the major histocompatibility complex h2-l(d) promoter: strain c.h2-l(d)-il6. these mice are prone to pct, but tumor development is incomplete with long latencies ( approximately 40 ... | 2010 | 20018915 |
| preliminary investigation into the prevalence of mucormycosis in the platypus (ornithorhynchus anatinus) in three catchments in north-west tasmania. | to investigate the distribution and prevalence of mucormycosis in platypus (ornithorhynchus anatinus) from the inglis, emu and black-detention catchment areas in north-west tasmania. | 2010 | 20529030 |
| b cell-specific lentiviral gene therapy leads to sustained b-cell functional recovery in a murine model of x-linked agammaglobulinemia. | the immunodeficiency disorder, x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla), results from mutations in the gene encoding bruton tyrosine kinase (btk). btk is required for pre-b cell clonal expansion and b-cell antigen receptor signaling. xla patients lack mature b cells and immunoglobulin and experience recurrent bacterial infections only partially mitigated by life-long antibody replacement therapy. in pursuit of definitive therapy for xla, we tested ex vivo gene therapy using a lentiviral vector (lv) con ... | 2010 | 20093406 |
| skp2 directs myc-mediated suppression of p27kip1 yet has modest effects on myc-driven lymphomagenesis. | the universal cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) functions as a tumor suppressor, and reduced levels of p27(kip1) connote poor prognosis in several human malignancies. p27(kip1) levels are predominately regulated by ubiquitin-mediated turnover of the protein, which is marked for destruction by the e3 ubiquitin ligase scf(skp2) complex following its phosphorylation by the cyclin e-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex. binding of phospho-p27(kip1) is directed by the skp2 f-box protein, and t ... | 2010 | 20197382 |
| fossil avian eggshell preserves ancient dna. | owing to exceptional biomolecule preservation, fossil avian eggshell has been used extensively in geochronology and palaeodietary studies. here, we show, to our knowledge, for the first time that fossil eggshell is a previously unrecognized source of ancient dna (adna). we describe the successful isolation and amplification of dna from fossil eggshell up to 19 ka old. adna was successfully characterized from eggshell obtained from new zealand (extinct moa and ducks), madagascar (extinct elephant ... | 2010 | 20219731 |
| tumor stroma-derived tgf-beta limits myc-driven lymphomagenesis via suv39h1-dependent senescence. | activated ras/braf oncogenes induce cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressive barrier in early cancer development, at least in part, via an oncogene-evoked dna damage response (ddr). in contrast, myc activation-although producing a ddr as well-is known to primarily elicit an apoptotic countermeasure. using the emu-myc transgenic mouse lymphoma model, we show here in vivo that apoptotic lymphoma cells activate macrophages to secrete transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) as a critical non-ce ... | 2010 | 20227040 |
| some physicochemical properties of the three albumin layers of the chicken, goose and emu eggs. | | 1947 | 20247649 |
| improvement in cardiac function with small intestine extracellular matrix is associated with recruitment of c-kit cells, myofibroblasts, and macrophages after myocardial infarction. | this study tested the hypothesis that modulation of angiogenesis and cardiac function by injecting small intestine extracellular matrix emulsion (emu) into myocardium is associated with recruitment of c-kit cells, myofibroblasts, and macrophages after myocardial infarction. | 2010 | 20298933 |
| a deficiency in mdm2 binding protein inhibits myc-induced b-cell proliferation and lymphomagenesis. | mdm2 binding protein (mtbp) has been implicated in cell-cycle arrest and the mdm2/p53 tumor suppressor pathway through its interaction with mdm2. to determine the function of mtbp in tumorigenesis and its potential role in the mdm2/p53 pathway, we crossed mtbp-deficient mice to emu-myc transgenic mice, in which overexpression of the oncogene c-myc induces b-cell lymphomas primarily through inactivation of the mdm2/p53 pathway. we report that myc-induced b-cell lymphoma development in mtbp hetero ... | 2010 | 20305689 |
| improved computational performance of mfa using elementary metabolite units and flux coupling. | extending the scope of isotope mapping models becomes increasingly important in order to analyze strains and drive improved product yields as more complex pathways are engineered into strains and as secondary metabolites are used as starting points for new products. here we present how the elementary metabolite unit (emu) framework and flux coupling significantly decrease the computational burden of metabolic flux analysis (mfa) when applied to large-scale metabolic models. we applied these tech ... | 2010 | 19837183 |
| the antidepressant sertraline inhibits translation initiation by curtailing mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. | sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a widely used antidepressant agent. here, we show that sertraline also exhibits antiproliferative activity. exposure to sertraline leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in protein synthesis. moreover, polysome profile analysis of sertraline-treated cells shows a reduction in polysome content and a concomitant increase in 80s ribosomes. the inhibition in translation caused by sertraline is associated with decreased levels of the eukar ... | 2010 | 20354178 |
| orally administered emu oil decreases acute inflammation and alters selected small intestinal parameters in a rat model of mucositis. | mucositis resulting from cancer chemotherapy is a serious disorder of the alimentary tract. emu oil has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of arthritis and wound healing; however, its effects on the intestine remain unknown. we investigated emu oil for its potential to decrease the severity of mucositis in a rat model. female dark agouti rats (110-150 g) were orogastrically gavaged with emu oil (0.5 or 1 ml) or water (1 ml) for 5 d before intraperitoneal injection of 5-fl ... | 2010 | 20377926 |
| ectopic expression of wild-type fgfr3 cooperates with myc to accelerate development of b-cell lineage neoplasms. | the t(4;14) translocation in multiple myeloma (mm) simultaneously dysregulates two apparent oncogenes: fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (fgfr3) controlled by the 3' immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer on der(14) and mmset controlled by the intronic emu enhancer on der(4). although all mm tumors and cell lines with a t(4;14) translocation have dysregulated mmset, about 25% do not express fgfr3. therefore, the function of dysregulated wild-type (wt) fgfr3 in the pathogenesis of mm remains uncle ... | 2010 | 20393505 |
| the syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (r788) inhibits tumor growth in the eμ- tcl1 transgenic mouse model of cll by blocking antigen-dependent b-cell receptor signaling. | inhibition of antigen-dependent b-cell receptor (bcr) signaling is considered a promising therapeutic approach in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), but experimental in vivo evidence to support this view is still lacking. we have now investigated whether inhibition of bcr signaling with the selective syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (r788) will affect the growth of the leukemias that develop in the eμ-tcl1 transgenic mouse model of cll. similarly to human cll, these leukemias express stereot ... | 2010 | 20716772 |
| msh2-dependent dna repair mitigates a unique susceptibility of b cell progenitors to c-myc-induced lymphomas. | c-myc is one of the most common targets of genetic alterations in human cancers. although overexpression of c-myc in the b cell compartment predisposes to lymphomas, secondary mutations are required for disease manifestation. in this article, we show that genetic deficiencies causing arrested b cell development and accumulation of b cell progenitors lead to accelerated lymphomagenesis in emu c-myc transgenic mice. this result suggests that b cell progenitors are more prone than their mature coun ... | 2009 | 19837692 |
| gum arabic-coated magnetic nanoparticles for potential application in simultaneous magnetic targeting and tumor imaging. | magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mnp) coated with gum arabic (ga), a biocompatible phytochemical glycoprotein widely used in the food industry, were successfully synthesized and characterized. ga-coated mnp (ga-mnp) displayed a narrow hydrodynamic particle size distribution averaging about 100 nm; a ga content of 15.6% by dry weight; a saturation magnetization of 93.1 emu/g fe; and a superparamagnetic behavior essential for most magnetic-mediated applications. the ga coating offers two major b ... | 2009 | 19842043 |
| involvement of rhoh gtpase in the development of b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | rhoh is a hematopoietic-specific, gtpase-deficient member of the rho gtpase family that functions as a regulator of thymocyte development and t-cell receptor signaling by facilitating localization of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (zap70) to the immunological synapse. here we investigated the function of rhoh in the b-cell lineage. b-cell receptor (bcr) signaling was intact in rhoh(-/-) mice. because rhoh interacts with zap70, which is a prognostic factor in b-cell chronic lymphocytic l ... | 2010 | 19847197 |
| the excurrent ducts of the testis of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) and ostrich (struthio camelus): microstereology of the epididymis and immunohistochemistry of its cytoskeletal systems. | the volumetric proportion of the various ducts of the epididymis of the emu and ostrich and the immunohistochemistry of actin microfilaments, as well as cytokeratin, desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments, were studied in the various ducts of the epididymis of the emu and ostrich. the volumetric proportions of various ducts, which are remarkably different from those of members of the galloanserae monophyly, are as follows: the rete testis, 5.2 +/- 1.4% for the emu and 2.4 +/- 1.8% for the os ... | 2010 | 19874278 |
| p53-dependent senescence delays emu-myc-induced b-cell lymphomagenesis. | the effect of p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and senescence on emu-myc-induced b-cell lymphoma development remains controversial. to address this question, we crossed emu-myc mice with the p53(515c) mutant mouse, encoding the mutant p53r172p protein that retains the ability to activate the cell-cycle inhibitor and senescence activator p21. importantly, this mutant lacks the ability to activate p53-dependent apoptotic genes. hence, emu-myc mice that harbor two p53(515c) alleles are completely de ... | 2010 | 19935700 |
| magnetic silica-coated sub-microspheres with immobilized metal ions for the selective removal of bovine hemoglobin from bovine blood. | magnetic silica-coated magnetite (fe(3)o(4)) sub-microspheres with immobilized metal-affinity ligands are prepared for protein adsorption. first, magnetite sub-microspheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. then silica was coated on the surface of fe(3)o(4) particles using a sol-gel method to obtain magnetic silica sub-microspheres with core-shell morphology. next, the trichloro(4-chloromethylphenyl) silane was immobilized on them, reacted with iminodiacetic acid (ida), and charged with ... | 2010 | 20397183 |
| mcl-1-dependent leukemia cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy than bcl-2-dependent counterparts. | myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (mcl-1) and b cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) are anti-apoptotic proteins in the bcl-2 protein family often expressed in cancer. to compare the function of mcl-1 and bcl-2 in maintaining cancer survival, we constructed complementary mouse leukemia models based on emu-myc expression in which either bcl-2 or mcl-1 are required for leukemia maintenance. we show that the principal anti-apoptotic mechanism of both bcl-2 and mcl-1 in these leukemias is to sequester pr ... | 2009 | 19948485 |
| preparation, characterization, in vivo and in vitro studies of arsenic trioxide mg-fe ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. | mgfe(2)o(4) magnetic nanoparticle composed of as(2)o(3) (as(2)o(3)-mnps) were prepared and their in vitro and in vivo characteristics were studied. | 2009 | 19960013 |
| comparison of identical and functional igh alleles reveals a nonessential role for eμ in somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. | somatic hypermutation (shm), coupled with ag selection, provides a mechanism for generating abs with high affinity for invading pathogens. class-switch recombination (csr) ensures that these abs attain pathogen-appropriate effector functions. although the enzyme critical to both processes, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, has been identified, it remains unclear which cis-elements within the ig loci are responsible for recruiting activation-induced cytidine deaminase and promoting its activ ... | 2010 | 20937850 |
| loss of p73 promotes dissemination of myc-induced b cell lymphomas in mice. | mice engineered to express c-myc in b cells (emu-myc mice) develop lethal lymphomas in which the gene encoding the p53 tumor suppressor is frequently mutated. whether the p53 homolog p73 also functions as a tumor suppressor in vivo remains controversial. here we have shown that p73 loss does not substantially affect disease onset and mortality in emu-myc mice. however, it does alter the phenotype of the disease. specifically, p73 loss decreased nodal disease and increased widespread extranodal d ... | 2010 | 20484818 |
| surface morphology of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) tongue. | despite numerous morphological studies on the avian tongue, very little meaningful information is currently available on the surface features of this organ using scanning electron microscopy (sem). the only sem description of a ratite tongue is that of the ostrich, although the descriptions are brief and superficial. this sem study of the emu tongue confirms and compliments the comprehensive macroscopic and histological data available for this commercially important species. the tongues of five ... | 2010 | 20491751 |
| tinamous and moa flock together: mitochondrial genome sequence analysis reveals independent losses of flight among ratites. | ratites are large, flightless birds and include the ostrich, rheas, kiwi, emu, and cassowaries, along with extinct members, such as moa and elephant birds. previous phylogenetic analyses of complete mitochondrial genome sequences have reinforced the traditional belief that ratites are monophyletic and tinamous are their sister group. however, in these studies ratite monophyly was enforced in the analyses that modeled rate heterogeneity among variable sites. relaxing this topological constraint r ... | 2010 | 20525622 |
| hs1 has a central role in the trafficking and homing of leukemic b cells. | the function of the intracellular protein hematopoietic cell-specific lyn substrate-1 (hs1) in b lymphocytes is poorly defined. to investigate its role in migration, trafficking, and homing of leukemic b lymphocytes we have used b cells from hs1(-/-) mice, the hs1-silenced human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) mec1 cell line and primary leukemic b cells from patients with cll. we have used both in vitro and in vivo models and found that the lack of expression of hs1 causes several important f ... | 2010 | 20530793 |
| imaging and cell targeting characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles modified by a functionalizable zwitterionic polymer with adhesive 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine linkages. | multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) modified by a zwitterionic polymer (pcbma-dopa(2)) containing one poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pcbma) chain and two 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) residue groups were developed. results showed that mnps modified by pcbma were not only stable in complex media, but also provided abundant functional groups for ligand immobilization. the pcbma-dopa(2) mnps had a hydrodynamic particle size of about 130 nm, a strong saturation magnetization of ... | 2010 | 20541254 |
| peglated magnetic polymeric liposome anchored with tat for delivery of drugs across the blood-spinal cord barrier. | due to the existence of the blood-spinal cord barrier (bscb), many therapeutic macromolecular agents, such as drugs, protein and gene, cannot pass through this barrier to reach the site of injury, all of which restricts the treatment of spinal cord injuries (sci). in this study, tat-conjugated peglated magnetic polymeric liposomes (tat-peg-mpls) formed from peglated amphiphilic octadecyl quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (peg-oqcmc), cholesterol (chol), superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and tran ... | 2010 | 20553983 |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia modeled in mouse by targeted mir-29 expression. | b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll), the most common leukemia in the western world, occurs in two forms, aggressive (showing for the most part high zap-70 expression and unmutated igh v(h)) and indolent (showing low zap-70 expression and mutated igh v(h)). we found that mir-29a is up-regulated in indolent human b-cll as compared with aggressive b-cll and normal cd19(+) b cells. to study the role of mir-29 in b-cll, we generated emu-mir-29 transgenic mice overexpressing mir-29 in mouse b ... | 2010 | 20566844 |
| reversion of epigenetically mediated bim silencing overcomes chemoresistance in burkitt lymphoma. | in burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (bl), achievement of complete remission with first-line chemotherapy remains a challenging issue, as most patients who respond remain disease-free, whereas those refractory have few options of being rescued with salvage therapies. the mechanisms underlying bl chemoresistance and how it can be circumvented remain undetermined. we previously reported the frequent inactivation of the proapoptotic bim gene in b-cell lymphomas. here we show that bim epigenetic silencing b ... | 2010 | 20570860 |
| novel genetic environment of the plasmid-mediated kpc-3 gene detected in escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii isolates from china. | the imipenem and meropenem-resistant strains citrobacter freundii hs70 and escherichia coli hs510 were isolated from patients in shanghai, china. by isoelectric focusing, pcr amplification and sequencing, these strains were each found to produce four β-lactamases: tem-1, kpc-3, shv-7 and ctx-m-14. a conjugation experiment and plasmid restriction digestion revealed that the bla (kpc-3) gene was located on the same plasmid in both isolates. bidirectional primer walking sequencing showed that the n ... | 2010 | 21153909 |
| synthesis and characterization of enzyme-magnetic nanoparticle complexes: effect of size on activity and recovery. | the influence of particle size on the activity and recycling capabilities of enzyme conjugated magnetic nanoparticles was studied. co-precipitation and oxidation of fe(oh)(2) methods were used to fabricate three different sizes of magnetic nanoparticles (5 nm, 26 nm and 51 nm). glucose oxidase was covalently bound to the magnetic nanoparticles by modifying the surfaces with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (aptes) and a common protein crosslinking agent, glutaraldehyde. analysis by transmission el ... | 2010 | 21176875 |
| the de-ubiquitinase uch-l1 is an oncogene that drives the development of lymphoma in vivo by deregulating phlpp1 and akt signaling. | de-ubiquitinating enzymes (dubs) can reverse the modifications catalyzed by ubiquitin ligases and as such are believed to be important regulators of a variety of cellular processes. several members of this protein family have been associated with human cancers; however, there is little evidence for a direct link between deregulated de-ubiquitination and neoplastic transformation. ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase (uch)-l1 is a dub of unknown function that is overexpressed in several human cancers, ... | 2010 | 20574456 |
| characterization of c1q in teleosts: insight into the molecular and functional evolution of c1q family and classical pathway. | c1qs are key components of the classical complement pathway. they have been well documented in human and mammals, but little is known about their molecular and functional characteristics in fish. in the present study, full-length cdnas of c1qa, c1qb, and c1qc from zebrafish (danio rerio) were cloned, revealing the conservation of their chromosomal synteny and organization between zebrafish and other species. for functional analysis, the globular heads of c1qa (gha), c1qb (ghb), and c1qc (ghc) we ... | 2010 | 20615881 |
| amino acid sequence of myoglobin from emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) skeletal muscle. | the objective of the present study was to characterize the primary structure of emu myoglobin (mb). emu mb was isolated from iliofibularis muscle employing gel-filtration chromatography. matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was employed to determine the exact molecular mass of emu mb in comparison with horse mb, and edman degradation was utilized to characterize the amino acid sequence. the molecular mass of emu mb was 17,380 da and was close to those repo ... | 2010 | 20621424 |
| elevated mcl-1 perturbs lymphopoiesis, promotes transformation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and enhances drug resistance. | diverse human cancers with poor prognosis, including many lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, exhibit high levels of mcl-1. to explore the impact of mcl-1 overexpression on the hematopoietic compartment, we have generated vavp-mcl-1 transgenic mice. their lymphoid and myeloid cells displayed increased resistance to a variety of cytotoxic agents. myelopoiesis was relatively normal, but lymphopoiesis was clearly perturbed, with excess mature b and t cells accumulating. rather than the follicular ly ... | 2010 | 20631380 |
| preparation, stability and cytocompatibility of magnetic/pla-peg hybrids. | hybrid nanocolloids based on biodegradable polymers of poly(lactide) (pla) or poly(lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (pla-peg) and hydrophobic iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) of ca. 5 nm are prepared via a self-assembly route. the magnetic nanoparticles are organized in superclusters inside the hydrophobic core of pla-peg micelles or cholate-stabilized pla nanospheres. the hydrodynamic diameter of mnps-loaded pla nanospheres is approximately 250 nm, whereas that of mnps-loaded pla-pe ... | 2010 | 20644760 |
| characterization of emu, the arabidopsis homolog of the yeast tho complex member hpr1. | diverse and precise control is essential for eukaryotic gene expression. this is accomplished through the recruitment of a myriad of proteins to a nascent messenger rna (mrna) to mediate modifications, such as capping, splicing, 3'-end processing, and export. despite being important for every cell, however, the mechanism by which the formation of diverse messenger ribonucleoprotein (mrnp) particles contributes to maintaining intricate systems in the multicellular organism remains incompletely de ... | 2010 | 20668032 |
| the use of magnetite nanoparticles for implant-assisted magnetic drug targeting in thrombolytic therapy. | implant-assisted targeting of magnetic particles under the influence of an external magnetic field has previously been verified through mathematical modeling, in vitro studies, and in vivo studies on rat carotid arteries as a feasible method for localized drug delivery. the present study focuses on the development of nanoparticles for the treatment of in-stent thrombosis. magnetic nanoparticles in the size-range 10-30 nm were synthesized in a one-pot procedure by precipitation of ferrous hydroxi ... | 2010 | 20732712 |
| detection of endogenous magnetic nanoparticles with a tunnelling magneto resistance sensor. | the magnetotactic bacterium magnetospirillum sp. has been cultured and the properties of its endogenous magnetic nanoparticles characterized. electron-microscopic analyses indicate that the endogenous magnetite nanoparticles in magnetospirillum sp. are coated with a 3-4 nm thick transparent shell, forming a magnetosome. these magnetite nanoparticles had diameters of 50.9+/-13.3 nm, in good agreement with the diameter of 40.6+/-1.2 nm extracted from magnetometry. each magnetospirillum sp. bacteri ... | 2010 | 20732892 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded viral flice inhibitory protein (vflip) k13 cooperates with myc to promote lymphoma in mice. | primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is an aggressive form of lymphoma that is associated with infection by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). one of the kshv genes expressed in pel cells is k13, a potent activator of the nf-κb pathway. k13 transgenic mice develop lymphomas, but after a long period of latency. a possible candidate that could cooperate with k13 in the development of pel is c-myc, whose expression is frequently dysregulated in pel cells. to study the cooperative interactio ... | 2010 | 20818173 |
| reduction of hexavalent chromium by pannonibacter phragmitetus lsse-09 coated with polyethylenimine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles under alkaline conditions. | a novel cell separation and immobilization method for cr (vi)-reduction under alkaline conditions was developed by using superparamagnetic fe(3)o(4) nanoparticles (nps). the fe(3)o(4) nps were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by modification with sodium citrate and polyethyleneimine (pei). the surface-modified nps were monodispersed and the particle size was about 15 nm with a saturation magnetization of 62.3 emu/g and an isoelectric point (pi) of 11.5 at room temperature. pei-modified fe ... | 2011 | 21440990 |
| maximal killing of lymphoma cells by dna damage-inducing therapy requires not only the p53 targets puma and noxa, but also bim. | dna-damaging chemotherapy is the backbone of cancer treatment, although it is not clear how such treatments kill tumor cells. in nontransformed lymphoid cells, the combined loss of 2 proapoptotic p53 target genes, puma and noxa, induces as much resistance to dna damage as loss of p53 itself. in eμ-myc lymphomas, however, lack of both puma and noxa resulted in no greater drug resistance than lack of puma alone. a third b-cell lymphoma-2 homology domain (bh)3-only gene, bim, although not a direct ... | 2010 | 20829369 |
| an arf-independent c-myc-activated tumor suppression pathway mediated by ribosomal protein-mdm2 interaction. | in vitro studies have shown that inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis can activate p53 through ribosomal protein (rp)-mediated suppression of mdm2 e3 ligase activity. to study the physiological significance of the rp-mdm2 interaction, we generated mice carrying a cancer-associated cysteine-to-phenylalanine substitution in the zinc finger of mdm2 that disrupted its binding to rpl5 and rpl11. mice harboring this mutation, retain normal p53 response to dna damage, but lack of p53 response to perturba ... | 2010 | 20832751 |
| long bone morphometrics for human from non-human discrimination. | forensic anthropologists are frequently required to verify the human origin of complete and partial skeletal remains. this determination, however, can be difficult for bone fragments with few or no distinctive morphological markers. current methods of distinguishing human from non-human bone fragments include microscopic, immunological and dna testing, which are each limited to some degree (e.g. time consuming and expensive). the purpose of this study is to investigate an alternative morphometri ... | 2010 | 20837249 |
| nf-kappab/stat3/pi3k signaling crosstalk in imyc e mu b lymphoma. | myc is a well known driver of lymphomagenesis, and myc-activating chromosomal translocation is the recognized hallmark of burkitt lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-hodgkin's lymphoma. we developed a model that mimics this translocation event by inserting a mouse myc cdna gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, just upstream of the intronic emu enhancer. these mice, designated imyc e mu, readily develop b-cell lymphoma. to study the mechanism of myc-induced lymphoma, we analyzed signali ... | 2010 | 20433747 |
| peg-modified goldmag nanoparticles (pgmns) combined with the magnetic field for local drug delivery. | polyethylene glycol-modified goldmag nanoparticles (pgmns) were synthesized and characterized by several analysis including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. here, we showed that the composite nanoparticles have a saturated magnetization of 34 emu/g with an average diameter of 50 nm. the kinetics analysis showed the maximum doxorubicin (dox) loading capacity of pgmns is 107.78 mg/g. the pgmns lo ... | 2011 | 20465360 |
| lactoferrin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a specific mri contrast agent for detection of brain glioma in vivo. | a specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is crucial to brain tumor patients for the surgical operation or the postoperative radiology. this study explored lactoferrin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (lf-spions) as an mri contrast agent for the detection of brain gliomas in vivo. the hydrodynamic diameter of about 75 nm, saturation magnetization of 51 emu/g fe and t(2) relaxivity of 75.6 mm(-1)s(-1) of the lf-spions suggested its applicability for mri. ... | 2011 | 20970851 |
| mechanism of bone collagen degradation due to koh treatment. | the mechanisms underlying the effect of alterations in type i collagen on bone mechanical properties are not well defined. in a previous study, male and female emu tibiae were endocortically treated with 1m potassium hydroxide (koh) solution for 1-14days. this treatment resulted in negligible mass loss (0.5%), collagen loss (0.05%), no differences in geometrical parameters but significant changes in mechanical properties. the objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of collagen deg ... | 2010 | 20971160 |
| in-vivo and real-time measurement of magnetic-nanoparticles distribution in animals by scanning squid biosusceptometry for biomedicine study. | magnetic nano-particles have been widely applied to biomagneism, such as drug deliver, magnetic labeling and contrast agent for in-vivo image, etc. to localize the distribution of these magnetic particles in living organism is the first important issue to confirm the effects of magnetic nano-particles and also evaluate the possible untoward effects. in this work, a scanning high tc rf-squid superconducting quantum interference devices (squid) biosusceptometry, composed of static squid unit and s ... | 2010 | 21041154 |
| regulation of follicular b cell differentiation by the related e26 transformation-specific transcription factors pu.1, spi-b, and spi-c. | splenic b-2 cells can be divided into two major subsets: follicular (fo) and marginal zone (mz) b cells. fo and mz b cells are generated from immature transitional b cells. few transcription factors have been identified that regulate fo b cell differentiation. the highly related proteins pu.1, spi-b, and spi-c are transcription factors of the e26-transformation-specific family and are important for b cell differentiation and function. to determine whether these proteins play a role in the differ ... | 2010 | 21057087 |
| primary structure of potential allergenic proteins in emu ( dromaius novaehollandiae ) egg white. | the emu ( dromaius novaehollandiae ) egg is considered promising as an alternative egg product. to obtain basic biochemical information on emu egg white, the major protein compositions in emu and chicken egg whites and the primary structures of potential allergenic proteins were compared. the dominant protein in emu egg white was ovotransferrin (ovt), followed by ovalbumin (ova) and tenp protein. the ova and ovomucoid (ovm) levels in emu egg white were estimated as significantly lower than those ... | 2010 | 21058653 |
| magnetic microparticles based on natural polymers. | magnetic micro- and nanoparticles based on ferrofluid (maghemite) were elaborated by inverse emulsion crosslinking of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (cmcna) and gelatin. crosslinking was carried out with glutaric aldehyde within aqueous droplets dispersed into toluene in presence of surfactants. the influence of parameters such as the ratio of polymers and maghemite in the initial mixture on the composition, size, size dispersity, particle swelling and their ability for drug inclusion was ... | 2010 | 21075184 |
| silencing of the inhibitor of dna binding protein 4 (id4) contributes to the pathogenesis of mouse and human cll. | inhibitor of dna binding protein 4 (id4) is a member of the dominant-negative basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family that lacks dna binding activity and has tumor suppressor function. id4 promoter methylation has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), although the expression, function, and clinical relevance of this gene have not been characterized in either disease. we demonstrate that the promoter of id4 is consistently methylated to various ... | 2010 | 21098398 |
| embryonic development of the emu, dromaius novaehollandiae. | the chick, gallus gallus, is the traditional model in avian developmental studies. data on other bird species are scarce. here, we present a comparative study of the embryonic development of the chick and the emu dromaius novaehollandiae, a member of paleognathae, which also includes the ostrich, rhea, tinamou, kiwi, and cassowary. emu embryos ranging from hamburger and hamilton (hh) equivalent stages 1 to 43 were collected and their gross morphology analyzed. its early development was studied i ... | 2011 | 21181941 |
| incidence, structure and morphological classification of abnormal sperm in the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | little detailed information is currently available on the incidence and morphological characteristics of abnormal sperm in the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) and of ratites in general. this situation is further compounded by the lack of a uniform system for the morphological classification of avian sperm defects. considering the important role that sperm morphology plays in the assessment of semen quality, a detailed description of avian sperm defects is of paramount importance. based on morphol ... | 2010 | 21190730 |
| synthesis of biocompatible, mesoporous fe(3)o(4) nano/microspheres with large surface area for magnetic resonance imaging and therapeutic applications. | this article reports the fabrication of mesoporous fe(3)o(4) nano/microspheres with a high surface area value (163 m(2)/g, brunauer-emmett-teller) and demonstrates their use for drug loading, release, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri). these monodispersed, mesoporous fe(3)o(4) nano/microspheres with controllable average sizes ranging from 50 to 200 nm were synthesized using a fe(3)o(4)/poly(acrylic acid) hybrid sphere template and subsequent silica shell formation and removal. we found that t ... | 2011 | 21229966 |
| the morphology of neoptile feathers: ancestral state reconstruction and its phylogenetic implications. | avian neoptile feathers are defined as the first feather generation, which covers the chick after hatching, and usually described as simple structures consisting of numerous downy barbs which are radially symmetrically arranged and come together in a short calamus. in contrast, in some birds (e.g., anas platyrhynchos, dromaius novaehollandiae) the neoptile feathers have a prominent rhachis, and therefore display clear bilateral symmetry. because the symmetrical variety found in neoptile feathers ... | 2011 | 21290415 |
| co-encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles and doxorubicin into biodegradable microcarriers for deep tissue targeting by vascular mri navigation. | magnetic tumor targeting with external magnets is a promising method to increase the delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells while reducing side effects. however, this approach suffers from intrinsic limitations, such as the inability to target areas within deep tissues, due mainly to a strong decrease of the magnetic field magnitude away from the magnets. magnetic resonance navigation (mrn) involving the endovascular steering of therapeutic magnetic microcarriers (tmmc) represents a clinica ... | 2011 | 21315445 |
| construction of an e. coli genome-scale atom mapping model for mfa calculations. | metabolic flux analysis (mfa) has so far been restricted to lumped networks lacking many important pathways, partly due to the difficulty in automatically generating isotope mapping matrices for genome-scale metabolic networks. here we introduce a procedure that uses a compound matching algorithm based on the graph theoretical concept of pattern recognition along with relevant reaction information to automatically generate genome-scale atom mappings which trace the path of atoms from reactants t ... | 2011 | 21328316 |
| morphology of the tongue of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). ii. histological features. | although a number of brief, fragmented descriptions have been provided on the gross morphology of the ratite tongue, very few studies have documented the histological structure of this organ. this paper presents the first definitive histological description of the emu tongue and reviews, consolidates and compares the scattered information on the histology of the ratite tongue available in the literature. five tongues were removed from heads obtained from birds at slaughter and fixed in 10% neutr ... | 2009 | 21344785 |
| apoptosis is the essential target of selective pressure against p53, whereas loss of additional p53 functions facilitates carcinoma progression. | the high frequency of p53 mutation in human cancers indicates the important role of p53 in suppressing tumorigenesis. it is well established that the p53 regulates multiple, distinct cellular functions such as cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. despite intensive studies, little is known about which function is essential, or if multiple pathways are required, for p53-dependent tumor suppression in vivo. using a mouse brain carcinoma model that shows high selective pressure for p53 inactivation, we ... | 2011 | 21385880 |
| magnetic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and cellulose particles for mri-based cell tracking. | biodegradable, superparamagnetic microparticles and nanoparticles of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) and cellulose were designed, fabricated, and characterized for magnetic cell labeling. monodisperse nanocrystals of magnetite were incorporated into microparticles and nanoparticles of plga and cellulose with high efficiency using an oil-in-water single emulsion technique. superparamagnetic cores had high magnetization (72.1 emu/g). the resulting polymeric particles had smooth surface morpholog ... | 2011 | 21404328 |
| [preparation of polyelectrolyte microcapsules containing ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles]. | in this study, polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been fabricated by biocompatible ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles (fe3o4 nps) and poly allyamine hydrochloride (pah) using layer by layer assembly technique. the fe3o4 nps were prepared by chemical co-precipitation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (tem) and infrared spectrum (ir). quartz cell also was used as a substrate for building multilayer films to evaluate the capability of forming planar film. the result showed that ... | 2011 | 21465817 |
| cytoplasmic cul9/parc ubiquitin ligase is a tumor suppressor and promotes p53-dependent apoptosis. | a wide range of cell stresses, including dna damage, signal to p53 through posttranslational modification of p53. the cytoplasmic functions of p53 are emerging as an important constituent of role of p53 in tumor suppression. here, we report that deletion of the cul9 (formerly parc) gene, which encodes an e3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to p53 and localizes in the cytoplasm, resulted in spontaneous tumor development, accelerated eμ-myc-induced lymphomagenesis, and rendered mice susceptible to carc ... | 2011 | 21487039 |
| enhancing transversal relaxation for magnetite nanoparticles in mr imaging using gd(3+)-chelated mesoporous silica shells. | a new magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized in the form of gd(3+)-chelated fe(3)o(4)@sio(2). the fe(3)o(4) nanoparticle was octahedron-structured, was highly magnetic (∼94 emu/g), and was the core of an encapsulating mesoporous silica shell. dota-nhs molecules were anchored to the interior channels of the porous silica to chelate gd(3+) ions. because there were gd(3+) ions within the silica shell, the transverse relaxivity increased 7-fold from 97 s(-1) mm(-1) of fe(3)o(4) to 681 s(-1) mm(-1) of ... | 2011 | 21513334 |
| prenatal cardiovascular shunts in amniotic vertebrates. | during amniotic vertebrate development, the embryo and fetus employ a number of cardiovascular shunts. these shunts provide a right-to-left shunt of blood and are essential components of embryonic life ensuring proper blood circulation to developing organs and fetal gas exchanger, as well as bypassing the pulmonary circuit and the unventilated, fluid filled lungs. in this review we examine and compare the embryonic shunts available for fetal mammals and embryonic reptiles, including lizards, cro ... | 2011 | 21513818 |
| Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2@Layered Double Hydroxide Core-Shell Microspheres for Magnetic Separation of Proteins. | Abstract: Three-component microspheres containing an SiO2-coated Fe3O4 magnetite core and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelet shell have been synthesized via an in situ growth method. The resulting Fe3O4@SiO2@NiAl-LDH microspheres display a three-dimensional core-shell architecture with flower-like morphology, large surface area (83 m2/g) and uniform mesochannels (4.3 nm). The Ni2+ cations in the NiAl-LDH shell provide docking sites for histidine and the materials exhibit excellent per ... | 2011 | 22191643 |
| widespread overexpression of epitope-tagged mdm4 does not accelerate tumor formation in vivo. | mdm2 and mdm4 are critical negative regulators of p53. a large body of evidence indicates that elevated expression of either mdm2 or mdm4 may favor tumor formation by inhibiting p53 tumor suppression function. to explore this possibility in vivo, we generated conditional mdm2 and mdm4 transgenic mice. we show that although both transgenes are designed to be expressed ubiquitously and at comparable levels, only the mdm4 transgenic protein is produced at high levels in vivo. in contrast, exogenous ... | 2010 | 20855528 |
| an integrated genetic-genomic approach for the identification of novel cancer loci in mice sensitized to c-myc-induced apoptosis. | deregulated c-myc is associated with a wide range of human cancers. in many cell types, overexpression of c-myc potently promotes cell growth and proliferation concomitant with the induction of apoptosis. secondary genetic events that shift this balance either by increasing growth and proliferation or limiting apoptosis are likely to cooperate with c-myc in tumorigenesis. here, the authors have performed large-scale insertional mutagenesis in eμ-c-myc mice that, through mdm2 loss of function mut ... | 2010 | 20927200 |
| sept4/arts is required for stem cell apoptosis and tumor suppression. | inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (iaps) are frequently overexpressed in tumors and have become promising targets for developing anti-cancer drugs. iaps can be inhibited by natural antagonists, but a physiological requirement of mammalian iap antagonists remains to be established. here we show that deletion of the mouse sept4 gene, which encodes the iap antagonist arts, promotes tumor development. sept4-null mice have increased numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, elevated xiap prot ... | 2010 | 20952537 |
| non-cell-autonomous tumor suppression: oncogene-provoked apoptosis promotes tumor cell senescence via stromal crosstalk. | activated oncogenes evoke cellular fail-safe programs such as apoptosis, senescence, or autophagy to protect the organism from the expansion of damaged and potentially harmful cells. non-cell-autonomous interactions between tumor cells and nonmalignant bystander cells add to cell-autonomous modes of tumor suppression during tumor development and progression. in particular, the role of stroma or host immune cells converting tumor-generated signals into a response that feeds back to the tumor cell ... | 2011 | 21594578 |
| ccctc-binding factor (ctcf) and cohesin influence the genomic architecture of the igh locus and antisense transcription in pro-b cells. | compaction and looping of the ∼2.5-mb igh locus during v(d)j rearrangement is essential to allow all v(h) genes to be brought in proximity with d(h)-j(h) segments to create a diverse antibody repertoire, but the proteins directly responsible for this are unknown. because ccctc-binding factor (ctcf) has been demonstrated to be involved in long-range chromosomal interactions, we hypothesized that ctcf may promote the contraction of the igh locus. chip sequencing was performed on pro-b cells, revea ... | 2011 | 21606361 |
| development of cll in the tcl1 transgenic mouse model is associated with severe skewing of the t-cell compartment homologous to human cll. | chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) cells require complex microenvironmental and immunologic interactions to survive and proliferate. such interactions might be best recreated in animal models; however, this needs extensive verification. we therefore investigated the composition of the t-cell compartment in the eμ-tcl1 transgenic mouse, currently the most widely used murine model for cll. immunophenotyping and transplant approaches were used to define t-cell subsets at various stages of cll. anal ... | 2011 | 21606964 |