| long-term, quantitative analysis of gametogenesis in autotriploid rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | a long-term, quantitative analysis was conducted on the gametogenesis of autotriploid rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to quantify their degree of germline development and reproductive potential. triploid and diploid (control) trout siblings were raised separately under identical conditions and sampled randomly for histological analysis. triploid males underwent testicular development and proliferation of germ cells by mitosis and meiosis, progressing through initial phases of spermatogenesis ... | 1998 | 9861160 |
| vibrio anguillarum resistance to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum: role of o-antigen structure of lipopolysaccharide. | the sensitivity of vibrio anguillarum to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum was investigated with different strains of serogroups o1 and o2a, which are the most frequently found serogroups in clinical outbreaks of vibriosis. all of the v. anguillarum strains were able to activate complement in rainbow trout serum, but smooth strains of v. anguillarum serogroup o1 were resistant to complement-mediated killing in the absence of specific antibodies. in the case of v. anguillarum serogro ... | 1999 | 9864229 |
| expression of a cysteine-rich protein (crp) encoding gene during early development of the trout. | members of the cysteine-rich protein (crp) define a subclass of lim-only proteins implicated mainly in muscle differentiation. until now, very little is known concerning the expression of crp encoding genes during vertebrate development. we describe here the isolation of a trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gene encoding a cysteine-rich protein (tcrp) and the pattern of its mrna accumulation during embryogenesis, focusing on somitogenesis. tcrp encodes a putative protein with two lim domains linked to ... | 1998 | 9867350 |
| neutrophil and macrophage responses to inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. a light and electron microscopic cytochemical study. | the neutrophil and macrophage responses that accompany inflammation were studied in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss using light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. neutrophils of inflammatory peritoneal exudates were alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase-negative, peroxidase-positive and rich in cytoplasmic glycogen granules. macrophages were poor in glycogen, esterase-positive and usually peroxidase-negative. some peroxidase-positive macrophages were due to the transfe ... | 1998 | 9867437 |
| boron stimulates embryonic trout growth. | boron is present in our soil, water and air. cyanobacteria require it for nitrogen fixation, and vascular plants require it for the formation of cell walls and membranes. i report here how boron affects the growth of embryonic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). fertilized ovum from the mt. whitney rainbow trout strain were incubated at (12.5 degreesc) in type 1 astm ultrapure grade water supplemented with boric acid (99.5% purity) during the 1995 and 1997 spawning seasons. boron concentrations ... | 1998 | 9868197 |
| histochemical characteristics of gyrodactylus derjavini parasitizing the fins of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | histochemical studies of enzyme activities and structural elements in gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975 parasitizing fins of oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum were conducted. marked activities of non-specific esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and amino-peptidase were found in the intestinal caeca of the parasite. a strong activity of acetylcholinesterase was seen in the nervous system. extraintestinal non-specific and eserine-sulphate resistant esterase was localized in the distal p ... | 1998 | 9868792 |
| sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cold-smoked rainbow trout processing plant detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. | sites of listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cold-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing plant were detected by sampling the production line, environment, and fish at different production stages. two lots were monitored. the frequency of raw fish samples containing l. monocytogenes was low. during processing, the frequency of fish contaminated with l. monocytogenes clearly rose after brining, and the most contaminated sites of the processing plant were the brining and postbr ... | 1999 | 9872773 |
| dietary fish oil and digestible protein modify susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in the muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax). | the effects of dietary fish oil and digestible protein (dp) levels on muscle fatty acid composition and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation were studied in two representative fish species for human nutrition, from fresh and seawater, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax). in rainbow trout, higher concentrations of dietary fat and dp led to higher weight gain (g/d) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.043 respectively). additionally, an interaction effect was observed ... | 1998 | 9875068 |
| a role for scavenger receptors in phagocytosis of protein-coated particles in rainbow trout head kidney macrophages. | in macrophages of higher vertebrates, fc receptors and receptors for complement and other serum factors, are generally known to enhance the phagocytic process. in lower vertebrates like salmonid fishes, none of these or other phagocytic receptors have been thoroughly characterized. the purpose of this study was to elucidate to what extent these and other receptors are involved in the process of phagocytosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney macrophages. we used tosyl activated, ... | 1998 | 9877435 |
| effect of astaxanthin rich red yeast (phaffia rhodozyma) on oxidative stress in rainbow trout. | the antioxidative biological effect of dietary red yeast, phaffia rhodozyma, which is rich in astaxanthin, on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was examined. the levels of serum transaminase (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) activities and of lipid peroxides (lpo) of fish fed oxidized oil were significantly higher than those of the control fish fed non-oxidized oil. however, the supply of red yeast considerably decreased both enzyme activities and lpo level. ... | 1999 | 9878705 |
| identification of a fibroblast growth factor 6 (fgf6) gene in a non-mammalian vertebrate: continuous expression of fgf6 accompanies muscle fiber hyperplasia. | fgf6, a member of the fibroblast growth factor (fgf) family, is specifically expressed in developing skeletal muscle and may participate in muscle maintenance and regeneration. until now, no convincing evidence for the existence of an fgf6 gene in non-mammalian vertebrates has been put forward. only a hybrid growth factor containing features characteristic of both fgf4 and fgf6 has been identified in frogs and chickens, suggesting that the step of duplication which created fgf4 and fgf6 took pla ... | 1998 | 9878802 |
| expression of salmon corticotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene in the preoptic nucleus in stressed rainbow trout. | the behavior of genes encoding the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) precursor in response to stress has not been extensively studied in teleosts. to clarify this problem, crh cdnas were isolated from a hypothalamic cdna library of sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, by screening with pcr products amplified from the hypothalamic mrna with primers deduced from the sequence of the sucker crh precursor. two types of pcr products with a high degree of sequence homology were identified (crh-i and ... | 1999 | 9882547 |
| occurrence of loma cf. salmonae in brook, brown and rainbow trout from buford trout hatchery, georgia, usa. | during a 6 mo study of moribund trout from buford hatchery, buford, georgia, usa, a loma cf. salmonae microsporidian parasite was studied in the gills of brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout salmo trutta, and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. this parasite was morphologically similar to l. salmonae and l. fontinalis but differed in spore size. scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that xenomas were embedded in gill filaments. transmission electron micrographs prep ... | 1998 | 9891735 |
| rainbow trout cytokine and cytokine receptor genes. | transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) and interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) have been cloned from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in our laboratory. the trout tgf-beta is typical of members of the cysteine knot cytokine family, and has highest homology to tgf-beta 1, tgf-beta 4 and tgf-beta 5. the gene organisation is different to other tgf-beta genes despite the presence of seven exons. trout il-1 beta has less homology to known il-1 beta s (49-56% amino acid similarity) but shows clear c ... | 1998 | 9914923 |
| on a new species of hysterothylacium (nematoda: anisakidae) from cauque mauleanum (pisces: atherinidae) by brightfield and scanning electron microscopy. | hysterothylacium geschei n. sp. (nematoda, anisakidae) is described from the intestine of cauque mauleanum (steindachner) (pisces: atherinidae) from lake panguipulli (39 degrees-43's; 72 degrees-13'w), chile. eleven (78.6%) out of 14 fish were infected, with a mean intensity (range) of 14.4 (1-55) worms. the new species can be differentiated from the two previously described species of freshwater fishes from south america by the presence of lateral alae, the number of caudal papillae, and the le ... | 1998 | 9921297 |
| molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression distribution of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c. | cystatin c is one of a family of proteinase inhibitors of cathepsins and other cysteine proteinases. among warm-blooded vertebrates, small functional regions of cystatin amino acid sequences are well conserved among species, but major portions of cystatin amino acid sequences vary evolutionarily. although considerable attention has been given to mammalian and avian cystatins, little data exist on cystatins from other vertebrates. a cdna clone for trout cystatin c was isolated from a lambda gt11 ... | 1998 | 9972289 |
| rainbow trout cytochrome p450s: purification, molecular aspects, metabolic activity, induction and role in environmental monitoring. | cytochromes p450 (p450s or cyps) constitute a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins that play important roles in oxidative metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. this review provides some limited history but addresses mainly the research progress on the cytochrome p450s in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), their purification, structures at the primary level, role in metabolism, responses to chemicals and environmental pollutants, application to biomonitoring and the effect of vario ... | 1998 | 9972454 |
| immunochemical investigations of cytochrome p450 forms/epitopes (cyp1a, 2b, 2e, 3a and 4a) in digestive gland of mytilus sp. | western blot analysis of microsomes and partially purified cytochrome p450 (cyp) from digestive gland of mytilus edulis was carried out using polyclonal antibodies to hepatic perca fluviatilis cyp1a, oncorhynchus mykiss cyp3a and rat cyp2b, cyp2e and cyp4a isoforms. multiple cyp bands were detected in partially purified cyp compared to single bands for microsomes for anti-cyp1a, anti-cyp2b, anti-cyp2e and anti-cyp3a. in contrast, anti-cyp4a showed two distinct bands for both. the apparent molecu ... | 1998 | 9972478 |
| does gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase contribute to carbon dioxide excretion: a comparison between dogfish (squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. this was accomplished by assessing ph changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. in dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (delta ph=-0.11+/-0.01; n=22; mean +/- s.e.m.) during ... | 1999 | 10021328 |
| glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in neurons and pituitary cells implicated in reproductive functions in rainbow trout: a double immunohistochemical study. | in order to identify the nature of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr)-expressing neurons and pituitary cells that potentially mediate the negative effects of stress on reproductive performance, double immunohistochemical stainings were performed in the brain and pituitary of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to avoid possible cross-reactions during the double staining studies, combinations of primary antibodies raised in different species were used, and we report here the generation of an a ... | 1999 | 10026111 |
| enhancement of phagocytic and chemokinetic activities of rainbow trout head kidney cells by c-reactive protein. | to investigate immunostimulating activity of purified rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) c-reactive protein (crp) on trout phagocytic cells. | 1999 | 10048559 |
| relationships between boron concentrations and trout in the firehole river, wyoming: historical information and preliminary results of a field study. | the firehole river (fhr) in yellowstone national park (ynp) is a world-renowned recreational fishery that predominantly includes rainbow trout (rbt, oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (bnt, salmo trutta). the trout populations apparently are closed to immigration and have been self-sustaining since 1955. inputs from hot springs and geysers increase the temperature and mineral content of the water, including elevating the boron (b) concentrations to a maximum of approximately 1 mg b/l. both rbt ... | 1998 | 10050918 |
| effect of prostanoids and their precursors on the aggregation of rainbow trout thrombocytes. | the role of prostanoids and their precursor fatty acids in the aggregatory response of thrombocytes (platelet equivalents of fish) from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was studied. aggregation of these cells was induced by the thromboxane mimetic u-46619 or arachidonic acid (aa) in the presence of human or trout fibrinogen. the production of txb2/3 by thrombocytes in response to stimulation with aa was inhibited by aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin. however, thrombocyte aggregation in ... | 1999 | 10070125 |
| whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ... | 1999 | 10073310 |
| rainbow trout leucocyte activity: influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini. | the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed in vitro to macrophages isolated as peritoneal exudate cells or as pronephros cells from the host. cells colonized the parasite especially in the mannose-rich regions in the cephalic ducts where ciliated structures were abundant. opsonization with fresh serum, in contrast to heat-inactivated serum, enhanced colonization also on other body parts. the adverse effect of the activated macrophages t ... | 1999 | 10073311 |
| [detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. diagnostic validation]. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is a fish pathogen that attacks rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. the only diagnostic method recognised by the european community for vhs is based on the detection of the viral agent in cell culture followed by an immunological identification of the pathogen. reverse transcription followed by a double amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein g is proposed here as an alternative meth ... | 1999 | 10081112 |
| peroxide-inducible catalase in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida protects against exogenous hydrogen peroxide and killing by activated rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss l., macrophages. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida expresses a single cytoplasmically located catalase which was found to be inducible by exposure to 20 microm hydrogen peroxide in mid-exponential phase resulting in a 4 fold increase in activity. subsequent exposure to 2 mm peroxide in late-exponential/early-stationary phase resulted in further induction of catalase activity which increased to 20 fold higher levels than those found in uninduced cultures. exponentially induced cultures were protected again ... | 1999 | 10089155 |
| further observations on the epidemiology and spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in southeastern australia and a recommended sampling strategy for surveillance. | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is an iridovirus confined to australia and is known only from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and redfin perch perca fluviatilis. outbreaks of disease caused by ehnv in trout populations have invariably been of low severity, affecting only 0+ post-hatchery phase fingerlings < 125 mm in length. to date the virus has been demonstrated in very few live in-contact fish, and anti-ehnv antibodies have not been found in survivors of outbreaks, suggesting ... | 1999 | 10092975 |
| characterization of ootolith soluble-matrix producing cells in the saccular epithelium of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inner ear. | although the organic matrix may play an important role in the growth of teleost otoliths, cellular contributions to the production of the organic matrix have been studied in only a small number of teleost species with limited methods, and are still poorly understood. in order to characterize saccular epithelial cells which produce otolith matrix, antiserum was raised against an edta-soluble fraction of otolith matrix (otolith soluble-matrix, osm) of the rainbow trout. the components in the osm a ... | 1999 | 10096663 |
| effect of florfenicol on the immune response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | florfenicol, a drug effective against several bacterial diseases of fish, was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. the aim of the study was to follow the kinetics of the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment. the fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral antibiotic treatment. the specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies w ... | 1999 | 10206200 |
| histopathological and electron microscopical observations on rainbow trout fry syndrome. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry and fingerlings with clinical signs of rainbow trout fry syndrome, and rainbow trout (0.5 to 3.5 g) with experimentally induced infections with flavobacterium psychrophilum, were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically. severe hypertrophy of the spleen and cellular degeneration were consistently observed. distinctive features of the disease were the loss of definition of the splenic border and its replacement by a loosely structured eosin ... | 1999 | 10209816 |
| expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | using oligonucleotide primers based on mammalian nitric oxide synthases (nos), expression of an inducible nos (inos) gene was detected in head kidney and gill tissue of bacterially-challenged rainbow trout. three overlapping fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and used to construct a contiguous sequence of 1410bp, with high nucleotide homology to inos in birds (61%) and mammals (57-59%). the nucleotide sequence translated in one reading frame to produce a partial peptide containing 470 amino acid ... | 1999 | 10220070 |
| fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation. | in mammals, the increased generation of prostaglandins (pg) during the onset of inflammatory responses and activation of immune cell types has been attributed to the induction of a novel cyclo-oxygenase (cox) isoform, termed cox-2, which is distinct from the well-characterized constitutive activity (cox-1). goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and leucocyte-derived macrophage-activating factor(s) showed a significant increase in the generation of the m ... | 1999 | 10229670 |
| fatty acid composition of 19 species of fish from the black sea and the marmara sea. | evidence suggests that differences in fatty acid composition among various fish species may be due to differences in diet or to environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and depth at which the fish are caught. the beneficial effects of a diet containing fish on cardiovascular or other diseases have been associated with their high content of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. in this study we analyzed the fatty acid composition of the flesh of 18 different ... | 1999 | 10230724 |
| cloning of two chemokine receptor homologs (cxc-r4 and cc-r7) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | two rainbow trout chemokine receptors have been sequenced, with homology to cxc-r4 and cc-r7 molecules. the cxc-r4 sequence consisted of 1681 nucleotides, which translated into a mature protein of 357 amino acids, with 80.7% similarity to human cxc-r4. the cc-r7 sequence consisted of 2287 nucleotides, which translated into a 368-amino acid mature protein with 64.5% similarity to human cc-r7. both sequences contained seven hydrophobic regions, representing the seven transmembrane domains (tm) typ ... | 1999 | 10331499 |
| immunogenicity of a recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein produced in insect cells. | a recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) glycoprotein (g protein), produced in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells following infection with a baculovirus vector containing the full-length (1.6 kb) glycoprotein gene, provided very limited protection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss challenged with ihnv. fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sf9 cells grown at 20 degrees c (recglow) or 27 degrees c (recghigh) expressing the glycoprotein gene. various antigen (ag) p ... | 1999 | 10349553 |
| a divergent non-classical class i gene conserved in salmonids. | complementary dna for two class i genes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were characterized. mhconmy-uba*01 is similar to onmy-uac32 and the classical major histocompatibility complex class i genes of other fish species, whereas onmy-uaa*01 is divergent from all class i genes so far characterized. onmy-uaa*01 is expressed at lower levels than onmy-uba*01. although onmy-uaa*01 exhibits restriction fragment length polymorphism on southern blotting, the encoded protein is highly conserved ... | 1999 | 10380691 |
| recombinant e-peptides of pro-igf-i have mitogenic activity. | in mammals, the post-translational proteolytic modification of many pro-hormones generates multiple peptides with similar or distinct biological activities. the production of mature insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) involves the cleavage of an e-peptide from pro-igf-i. although the igf-i e-peptides are conserved among vertebrate species, their fate and biological roles have not been identified. to test whether the e-peptides possess any biological activity, three recombinant e-peptides of pro ... | 1999 | 10385437 |
| expression, linkage, and polymorphism of mhc-related genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the architecture of the mhc in teleost fish, which display a lack of linkage between class i and ii genes, differs from all other vertebrates. because rainbow trout have been examined for a variety of immunologically relevant genes, they present a good teleost model for examining both the expression and organization of mhc-related genes. full-length cdna and partial gdna clones for proteasome delta, low molecular mass polypeptide (lmp) 2, tap1, tap2a, tap2b, class ia, and class iib were isolated ... | 1999 | 10395670 |
| reproducible methods for experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | experiments were done in order to achieve a reproducible method that can be used to infect rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causal agent of coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. the main method investigated was intraperitoneal injection, and this method was tested using isolates with different elastin-degrading profiles and representing different serotypes. injecting trout, average weight 1 g, with 10(4) cfu (colony-forming units) per fish caus ... | 1999 | 10401582 |
| lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different diseases. | clinical and macroscopic findings (anorexia, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicate that streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae infections of trout share some common features, but histopathology reveals notable differences between the 2 diseases. meningitis and panophthalmitis are the main lesions among s. iniae infected trout, whereas l. garvieae infection results in a hyperacute systemic disease. differences in the ld50s of the 2 pathogens and the sudden onset of signs ... | 1999 | 10401588 |
| comparison of 18s and its-1 rdna sequences of selected geographic isolates of myxobolus cerebralis. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite-causing salmonid whirling disease, was first reported among rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in germany in 1903. the parasite was reported for the first time in north america in 1958 among hatchery-reared trout in the eastern usa, presumably arriving with frozen trout shipments from europe. a comparison of 18s and its-1 ribosomal dna sequences was conducted to identify potential strain differences between selected geographic isolates of this para ... | 1999 | 10404274 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) urotensin-i: structural differences between urotensins-i and urocortins. | in bony fishes, both corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) and urotensin-i play a role in the regulation of interrenal glucocorticoid release. the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, is a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis because of its phylogenetic position at the base of the euteleostei and its popularity as a food fish. urotensin-i may act as a glucocorticoid releaser in a mechanism phylogenetically older than that of crf. the ... | 1999 | 10417230 |
| molecular cloning of interleukin 1beta from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss reveals no evidence of an ice cut site. | the complete coding sequence of rainbow trout il-1beta has been obtained. the gene contains a short 5' utr (97 bp), a 780 bp open reading frame and a 466 bp 3' utr, which includes a polyadenylation signal, 7 attta motifs and an 18 bp poly a tail. the predicted amino acid sequence (260 amino acids) contains 3 potential glycosylation sites, with a predicted molecular weight of 29 kda, and shows between 49 and 56% amino acid similarity to mammalian il-1betas and 57% similarity to carp il-1beta. gre ... | 1999 | 10433801 |
| localization of the n-methyl-d-aspartate r1 receptor in the pituitary gland of immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a study was conducted on the selective immunostaining of pituitary cells and pars nervosa of immature rainbow trout by antibody raised against the r1 subunit of the rat ionotropic n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor. in the pars distalis, the mammotrophs of the rostral pars distalis exhibited the most marked imunoreactivity, with the somatotrophs of the proximal pars distalis showing a consistently lower degree of immunoreactivity. no imunoreactivity was associated with the corticotrophs, thyro ... | 1999 | 10458026 |
| increase of metallothionein-immunopositive chloride cells in the gills of brown trout and rainbow trout after exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents. | metallothionein, a biomarker of exposure and toxicity of heavy metals, has been detected in the gills of brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss richardson) by means of immunohistochemistry. a very prominent labelling of chloride cells was found after exposure to diluted sewage plant effluents. no significant increase was observed in either the number of labelled cells or their labelling intensity after exposure to water of a polluted river compared to fish kep ... | 1999 | 10462220 |
| effect of t(3) treatment and food ration on hepatic deiodination and conjugation of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the 7-day effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)) hyperthyroidism (induced by 12 ppm t(3) in food) and food ration (0, 0.5, or 2% body weight/day) on in vitro hepatic glucuronidation, sulfation, and deiodination of thyroxine (t(4)), t(3), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)). t(3) treatment doubled plasma t(3) with no change in plasma t(4), depressed hepatic low-k(m) (1 nm) outer-ring deiodination (ord) of t(4), induced low-k(m) (1 nm) inner-ring deiodination (ird) of both t(4) and ... | 1999 | 10480989 |
| deiodination and deconjugation of thyroid hormone conjugates and type i deiodination in liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the hepatic in vitro deconjugation and deiodination of glucuronide (g) and sulfate (s) conjugates of the thyroid hormones (th) thyroxine (t(4)), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)) in trout. these conversions have not been studied in nonmammals. deconjugation of t(4)g, t(3)g, rt(3)g, or rt(3)s was negligible in all subcellular fractions. some t(4)s desulfation occurred but t(3)s was desulfated to the greatest extent by freshly isolated hepatocytes and ... | 1999 | 10480990 |
| nodular gill disease (amoebic gill infestation) in arctic char, salvelinus alpinus. | two groups of arctic char (salvelinus alpinus) and one of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from a commercial fish farm in eastern canada were found to have mixed infection of the gills with flavobacterium branchiophilum (the causative agent of bacterial gill disease (bgd) and amoebae similar to those responsible for nodular gill disease (ngd). the diagnoses were confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody testing and transmission electron microscopy. the gill lesions were typical for a mixed bgd ... | 1999 | 10486164 |
| a comparative study of antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater and seawater-adapted rainbow trout. | comparative studies were performed on the antioxidant enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) concentration in liver and red cells of two groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the fish of the first group were cultured in freshwater and the others were adapted to sea-water by by being transferred from freshwater at 5-6 months of age. catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities were significantly higher in hepat ... | 1999 | 10487421 |
| rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as a model for aromatase inhibition. | the feasibility of utilizing rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as an alternative model for studying the inhibition of aromatase (cyp 19) was investigated. the suppression of estrogen-dependent tumors by aromatase inhibitors has been important in the treatment of breast cancer. estrogens, estrogen precursors and xenoestrogens have been found to promote liver cancer in the trout model. a steroid, 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-oha), and non-steroids, aminoglutethimide (ag) and letrozole (c ... | 1999 | 10529006 |
| induction, characterisation and pathogenicity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) of lactococcus garvieae l-forms. | difficulties with induction and cultivation of l-forms, particularly those derived from gram positive parent cells, have constrained to some degree the ability to evaluate the pathogenicity of these morphotypes. induction of l-forms of lactococcus garvieae was undertaken using either charcoal or inactivated horse serum media supplemented with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin or erythromycin, the drug of choice for treatment of infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (walbaum), and nacl as ... | 1999 | 10535774 |
| routes of entry of piscirickettsia salmonis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | since 1989, piscirickettsia salmonis, the causal agent of piscirickettsiosis, has killed millions of farmed salmonids each year in southern chile. the portal of entry for the pathogen was investigated by use of selected experimental infections in juvenile rainbow trout (12 g). the methods used were intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, patch contact on skin, patch contact on gills, intestinal intubation and gastric intubation. cumulative mortalities at day 33 post-inoculation were 9 ... | 1999 | 10546046 |
| comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease. | the susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease, was assessed following dosed exposures to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). parallel groups of age-matched brown trout and rainbow trout were exposed to 10, 100, 1000 or 10,000 triactinomyxons per fish for 2 h and then placed in aquaria receiving single pass 15 degrees c well water. severity of infection was evaluated by presence of clinical ... | 1999 | 10546047 |
| regulatory regions in the promoter and third intron of the growth hormone gene in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | the mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) growth hormone (tgh) gene have been investigated. transient transfection assays, using deletion mutants of the tgh promoter, demonstrated that the -226/+24 5'-flanking region, bearing three binding sites for the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1/pit1 and a camp-response element, is necessary and sufficient to confer strong tissue-specific and camp-stimulated expression to a luciferase ... | 1999 | 10562456 |
| nonisotopic detection of loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gills by in situ hybridization. | loma salmonae, a microsporidian parasite of salmonids of the genus oncorhynchus, is a significant cause of economic loss in pen-reared chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). final stages of l. salmonae infections are easily recognized by the xenomas that form in the gills during sporogony. however, early prexenoma stages of infection (3 weeks or less after infection) are difficult to detect on histologic slides. an l. salmonae-specific single-stranded dna probe labeled with digoxigenin was used to de ... | 1999 | 10568444 |
| bacterial microflora of wild brown trout (salmo trutta), wild pike (esox lucius), and aquacultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | initial numbers of bacteria associated with wild (brown trout and pike) and cultured (rainbow trout) freshwater fish as well as with the water in which they were caught were determined. subsequently, a total of 979 randomly selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level. for all counts performed (aerobes, psychrotrophs, anaerobes, enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci), no significant differences were observed in water samples, the highest level corresponding to psychrotrop ... | 1999 | 10571316 |
| immunolocalisation of nhe3-like immunoreactivity in the gills of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the blue-throated wrasse (pseudolabrus tetrious). | na+/h+ exchange has been implicated in models of ion transport across the branchial epithelium of marine and freshwater fishes. in this preliminary study, we present immunohistochemical data using a polyclonal antibody raised against nhe3 which show nhe3-like immunoreactivity (ir) in the gills from a freshwater and a marine teleost species. in both species, branchial epithelial cells demonstrating nhe3-like ir were localised predominantly to the junction between the filament and the secondary la ... | 1999 | 10580862 |
| efflux of t4 from the in situ perfused liver of rainbow trout: effect of t4, dithiothreitol and cysteine in the perfusate. | a cortland saline-perfused rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver model was used to study aspects of t4 efflux from the intact organ system. there was a consistent efflux of t4 in the absence of t4 in the perfusate, and the t4 efflux was increased in the presence of t4 in the perfusate, but the efflux was not t4-dose dependent. the addition of the thiol-containing compound dithiothreitol (dtt, 2 mm) to the perfusate had no significant effect on the flux of t4 from the liver, whereas the addit ... | 1999 | 10584300 |
| production of the 57 kda major surface antigen by a non-agglutinating strain of the fish pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | the major surface antigen of renibacterium salmoninarum, p57, is associated with cell autoagglutination and implicated as a virulence factor in fish infections. an autoagglutinating strain, jd24, caused 92% mortality when 2 x 10(7) cells were injected intraperitoneally into rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, while a non-agglutinating strain, mt 239, produced only 7% mortality after 100 d. the p57 antigen was present in the supernates of broth cultures of both strains when examined by western imm ... | 1999 | 10590925 |
| transfer of growth hormone (gh) transgenes into arctic charr. (salvelinus alpinus l.) i. growth response to various gh constructs. | four constructs containing salmonid growth hormone (gh) genes were transferred to arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.). cytomegalovirus (cmv) and piscine metallothionein b (onmt) and histone 3 (onh3) promoters connected to sockeye salmon growth hormone 1 gene (ongh1) were used for ectopic expression, and atlantic salmon growth hormone 2 gene with 5'flanking region (ssgh2) was tested for pituitary-specific expression. charr carrying the ongh1 constructs showed a dramatic increase in growth rate. ... | 1999 | 10596746 |
| purification, structural characterization, and myotropic activity of endothelin from trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | endothelin (et) from a nontetrapod species has never been characterized, either structurally or biologically. a single molecular form of trout et with 21-amino-acid residues was isolated in pure form from an extract of the kidney of the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and its primary structure established as cys-ser-cys-ala-thr-phe-leu-asp-lys-glu10-cys-val-tyr-phe-cys-his- l eu-asp-ile-ile20-trp. this amino acid sequence shows only three substitutions (ala4-->ser, thr5-->ser, and phe6-->tr ... | 1999 | 10600905 |
| interactions of nitromusk parent compounds and their amino-metabolites with the estrogen receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the south african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). | nitromusks, musk xylene (mx), musk ketone (mk) and musk moskene (mm) are synthetic fragrances. 4-amino-mx (4x), 2-amino-mx (2x) and 2-amino-mk (2k) are nitromusk metabolites formed during the sewage treatment process and have been detected in effluent and surface water at concentrations four to 40 times higher than their parent compounds. to date, data to the aquatic toxicity of nitromusk compounds are limited to the parent compounds and the determination of acute and subacute effects in aquatic ... | 1999 | 10630701 |
| the gills are an important site of inos expression in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss after challenge with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | following injection challenge of rainbow trout with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum, serum nitrate levels increased indicative of no production. the timing and amount of nitrate produced varied with the virulence of the bacterial strain used, with the highest levels seen in fish challenged with the most virulent (autoaggregating) strain. immunization with a killed r. salmoninarum preparation in freund's incomplete adjuvant significantly increased nitrate levels after challe ... | 2000 | 10651954 |
| is fluid-phase endocytosis conserved in hepatocytes of species acclimated and adapted to different temperatures? | our primary objective was to determine if rates of fluid-phase endocytosis (fpe) were conserved in hepatocytes from organisms acclimated and adapted to different temperatures. to this aim, the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow was employed to measure fpe at different assay temperatures (at) in hepatocytes from 5 degrees c- and 20 degrees c-acclimated trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (at 5 and 20 degrees c at), 22 degrees c- and 35 degrees c-acclimated tilapia, oreochromis nilotica (at 22 and 35 degrees c ... | 2000 | 10666157 |
| naked dna vaccination of atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. | a naked plasmid dna encoding the glycoprotein (pcmv4-g) of a 1976 isolate of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) obtained from steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss was used to vaccinate atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. eight weeks post-vaccination the fish were challenged with a strain of ihnv originally isolated from farmed atlantic salmon undergoing an epizootic. fish injected with the glycoprotein-encoding plasmid were significantly (p < 0.05) protected against ihnv by both immer ... | 1999 | 10686669 |
| psychrobacters and related bacteria in freshwater fish. | three phenotypic identification systems were employed to identify 106 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic bacteria obtained during iced storage of wild (salmo trutta and esox lucius) and farmed (oncorhynchus mykiss) freshwater fish. using diagnostic tables and computer-assisted identification, the isolates were psychrobacter (64 strains), acinetobacter (24 strains), moraxella (6 strains), chryseobacterium (5 strains), myroides odoratus (2 strains), flavobacterium (1 strain), empedobacte ... | 2000 | 10716558 |
| marine netpen farming leads to infections with some unusual parasites. | marine netpen farming of salmonid fishes is a rapidly growing industry in several countries. with this relatively recent industry, new or unusual infections by parasitic pathogens have been observed. this is due to different hosts being reared in new geographic areas, or by indigenous species being reared in a different environmental condition, i.e. the marine netpen. examples of the former include kudoa thyrsites (myxozoa) and hemobaphes disphaerocephalus (copepoda) infections in atlantic salmo ... | 2000 | 10719125 |
| isoleucine-15 of rainbow trout carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is critical for coenzyme (nadph) binding. | carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (cr/20beta-hsd) is an enzyme that converts 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (the maturation-inducing hormone of salmonid fish). we have previously isolated two types of cr/20beta-hsd cdnas from ovarian follicle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). recombinant proteins produced by expression in escherichia coli in vitro showed that one (type a) had cr and 20beta-hsd activity but that the other ( ... | 2000 | 10725344 |
| expression of two vacuolar-type atpase b subunit isoforms in swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel: nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. | the poly(a)(+) rna of swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel anguilla anguilla was isolated and used for cdna synthesis. using a pair of degenerate pcr primers directed towards the evolutionary highly conserved central part of the b subunit of vacuolar type h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) a fragment of 388 bp was amplified. by sequencing the cloned pcr products two different amplicons with a sequence identity of about 86% were obtained. blastn searches revealed a high degree of similarity of bot ... | 2000 | 10760576 |
| microcystin-lr toxicodynamics, induced pathology, and immunohistochemical localization in livers of blue-green algae exposed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | with this retrospective study, we investigated the temporal pattern of toxin exposure and pathology, as well as the topical relationship between hepatotoxic injury and localization of microcystin-lr, a potent hepatotoxin, tumor promoter, and inhibitor of protein phosphatases-1 and -2a (pp), in livers of mc-gavaged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) yearlings, using an immunohistochemical detection method and mc-specific antibodies. h&e stains of liver sections were used to determine pathologica ... | 2000 | 10774818 |
| mx mrna expression and rflp analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss genetic crosses selected for susceptibility or resistance to ihnv. | three interferon-inducible mx genes have been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and their roles in virus resistance have yet to be determined. in mice, expression of the mx1 protein is associated with resistance to influenza virus. we report a study to determine whether there was a correlation between the expression of mx in rainbow trout and resistance to a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). a comparison of mx mrna expression was made between differe ... | 2000 | 10785857 |
| an rt-pcr-based method for the diagnosis of the sleeping disease virus in experimentally and naturally infected salmonids. | the sleeping disease (sd) of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is a worldwide disease for which the causative agent, the sleeping disease virus (sdv), has been recently characterized as an atypical alphavirus (villoing et al. 2000). up to now, no diagnostic tools were available and thus no epidemiological studies have been undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of this disease on the field. we present in this paper a sensitive and highly specific 1 working day method, which allows the detection ... | 2000 | 10785859 |
| evidence for leptin expression in fishes. | tissues from bony fish were screened with anti-mouse leptin antibodies to detect the presence of the fat-regulating hormone in fishes. low molecular-weight (16 kda) immunoreactive bands were detected in blood, brain, heart and liver of green sunfish (lepomis cyanellus), bluegill sunfish (lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides), white crappie (pomonix annularis), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to further verify that we had ide ... | 2000 | 10797324 |
| a mineralocorticoid-like receptor in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and characterization of its steroid binding domain. | using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) with degenerate primers followed by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends pcr (3'race-pcr) we have isolated a new fish steroid receptor cdna sequence of 1806 bp from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. this sequence has clear homology with various mineralocorticoid receptor cdna sequences (rat, human, african toad: 68-70% amino acid identity), and encompasses the second part of dna binding domain (c domain), the whole hin ... | 2000 | 10802282 |
| a precerebellin-like protein is part of the acute phase response in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the acute phase response (apr) has a long evolutionary history, but it remains to be characterized fully in lower vertebrates. to study the acute phase proteins of a teleost, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), we induced an apr by injecting vibrio bacterin emulsified in fia. in samples taken over the next 3 weeks, the total plasma protein profile changed consistently as seen in one and two-dimensional sds page. one 18.1 kd upregulated protein was isolated from 2d gels and an n-terminal sequenc ... | 2000 | 10831794 |
| stable expression of a foreign gene, delivered by gene gun, in the muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the efficient delivery of a foreign gene into muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with a gene gun. the foreign gene was a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). two cat-containing plasmids were used: pcmv-cat, which contains cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, and psv2-cat, which contains the simian virus 40 early promoter. all plasmids were introduced by particle bombardment using a gene gun. during the 90-day sampling period following bombardment, cat w ... | 2000 | 10852804 |
| inhibition of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor activity by cadmium. | this study was conducted to determine if the cadmium-mediated inhibition of vitellogenesis observed in fish collected from contaminated areas or undergoing experimental exposure to cadmium correlated with modification in the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. a recombinant yeast system expressing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estradiol receptor or human estradiol receptor was used to evaluate the direct effect of cadmium exposure on estradiol receptor transcriptional activi ... | 2000 | 10859267 |
| expression of clock gene in the brain of rainbow trout: comparison with the distribution of melatonin receptors. | to identify brain structures potentially acting as biological clocks in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the expression sites of a trout homolog of the mouse clock gene were studied and compared with that of melatonin receptors (mel-r). for this purpose, a partial sequence of the trout clock gene, including a pas domain, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and used to perform in situ hybridization. the highest density of clock transcripts was observed in the periv ... | 2000 | 10861529 |
| recombinant prolactin receptor extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): subcloning, preparation, and characterization. | the cdna of the extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) prolactin receptor (trprlr-ecd) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pmon to enable its expression in escherichia coli after induction with nalidixic acid. the bacterially expressed trprlr-ecd protein, contained within the refractile body pellet, was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded, and purified on a q-sepharose column, ph 8, by stepwise elution with nacl. the bioactive monomeric 26-kda fraction was eluted ... | 2000 | 10890569 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c: expression in escherichia coli and properties of the recombinant protease inhibitor. | cystatins are a superfamily of low ki cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. cystatin c, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical and evolutionary points of view, and also has biotechnological applications. recently we cloned and sequenced the cdna for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c [li et al., 1998. molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression distribution of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c. comp. biochem ... | 2000 | 10904862 |
| genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity. | vitellogenins (vtg) are the major yolk proteins in most oviparous organisms. they are encoded by a small number of genes--between one and four depending on the species. characterization of the vtg region in the genome of the rainbow trout reveals unusual features, however, in that this locus contains twenty complete genes and ten pseudogenes per haploid genome. the vtg genes differ from each other by insertion, deletion and rearrangement events, although, at the sequence level, they show a high ... | 2000 | 10905350 |
| isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to discriminate between differently contaminated small river systems. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to native waters and acetone sediment extracts of krähenbach and körsch, two small rivers in south-west germany with different levels of chemical contamination, and were investigated by means of electron microscopic and enzyme biochemical techniques to evaluate sublethal cytotoxic effects. between both rivers as well as between free water phase and sediment, significant differences in the toxic burden could be detected. res ... | 2000 | 10906443 |
| myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions. | from early april into mid-june 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. following incubation in a m. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. a grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. percentage ... | 2000 | 10907859 |
| trichodinid ciliates (peritrichia: trichodinidae) from the bay of kiel, with description of trichodina claviformis sp. n. | investigations on the epizoic fauna of gadus morhua (l.), platichthys flesus (l.) and oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) from the kiel fjord and kiel bight were carried out from september 1996 to march 1997. smears from 120 g. morhua and 92 p. flesus caught using fish traps and trammel nets, and of 35 o. mykiss obtained from a local fish farm in the kiel fjord revealed the presence of three species of trichodinid ciliates, trichodina claviformiis sp. n., trichodina jadranica haider, 1964 and trichodi ... | 2000 | 10945730 |
| four species of digeneans, including allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae), from freshwater fishes of patagonia, argentina. | four species of adult digeneans are reported from freshwater fishes of two lakes in neuquén, patagonia, argentina. allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of percichthys colhuapiensis macdonagh and percichthys trucha (cuvier et valenciennes) (percichthyidae) from lago aluminé. three species redescribed are: acanthostomoides apophalliformis szidat, 1956 (acanthostomidae) from the intestine of p. colhuapiensis and p. trucha from lago aluminé and of salmo tr ... | 2000 | 10945735 |
| effect of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. | the oxidative activity of rainbow trout phagocytes was studied using a chemiluminescence technique using 12 different flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites. phagocytes were obtained from the head kidney of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the addition of viable f. psychrophilum or their metabolites to the phagocytes resulted in an immediate chemiluminescence response. the stimulating effects of both the f. psychrophilum and their metabolites on the phagocytes were found to ... | 2000 | 10950179 |
| morphological and functional development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. | the development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos between 20 and 88 days postfertilization (dpf) was studied using traditional histological methods in combination with immunostaining using antibodies raised against l-thyroxine (t4) and triiodo-l-thyronine (t3). in 20 dpf embryos, the thyroid primordium appeared as a simple tube aligned with the dorsal surface of the ventral aorta. the tubular primordium becomes progressively bifurcated at each end and follicles ... | 2000 | 10955719 |
| molecular detection of an ehrlichia-like agent in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from northern california. | ehrlichia dna was identified by nested pcr in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) collected from a creek in northern california where potomac horse fever is endemic. ehrlichia dna was found in tissues from several organs including the gills, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestine of trout and from three different adult digenetic trematodes (deropegus sp., crepidostomum sp., creptotrema sp.) parasitizing the gallbladder and/or the intestine of the trout. sequencing of pcr-amplified dna from ... | 2000 | 10962157 |
| apolipoprotein cii from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is functionally active but structurally very different from mammalian apolipoprotein cii. | apolipoprotein cii (apocii) plays an important role in plasma lipid metabolism as an activator for lipoprotein lipase (lpl). we have amplified and sequenced apocii cdna from rainbow trout. amino acid sequence analyses confirmed that this sequence corresponded to the protein that had apocii activity. northern blot analyses showed that apocii mrna was present in both liver and intestine, but the level in intestine was very low. two major transcripts (800 and 600bp) were found. the predicted amino ... | 2000 | 10974550 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-mediated control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the aim of the present investigation was to assess the relative contributions of cholinergic (acetylcholine) and non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) neurotransmitters in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue lining the posterior cardinal vein of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated th ... | 2000 | 10974664 |
| dmrt1 expression during gonadal differentiation and spermatogenesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | dmrt1 has been suggested to be the first conserved gene involved in sex differentiation found from invertebrates to human. to gain insight on its implication for fish gonadal differentiation, we cloned a dmrt1 homologue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (rtdmrt1), and showed that this gene is expressed during testicular differentiation, but not during ovarian differentiation. after 10 days of steroid treatment, expression was shown to be decreased in estrogen-treated male differentiating ... | 2000 | 10978520 |
| cloning, characterization and genomic structure of the natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef)-like gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef) belongs to the antioxidant protein family. in the human, nkef has the ability to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in vitro. in the present work, the cdnas of nkef from three strains of homozygous clones of rainbow trout were cloned from the splenic cdna library of one of the strains, osu142, and then by rt-pcr for the hot creek (hc) and arlee (ar) strains. the hc sequence has 99% sequence identity with both osu142 and ar. osu142 and ar ... | 2001 | 10980317 |
| ultraviolet irradiation inactivates the waterborne infective stages of myxobolus cerebralis: a treatment for hatchery water supplies. | the effects of ultraviolet (uv) irradiation on the viability of the waterborne triactinomyxon stages of myxobolus cerebralis were evaluated by vital staining and the infectivity for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. a dose of 1300 mws cm-2 was required to inactivate 100% of the triactinomyxons held under a static collimated beam of uv as determined by vital staining. juvenile rainbow trout were protected from infections with m. cerebralis when exposed to 14,000 or 1400 triactinomyxon s ... | 2000 | 10986645 |
| difficulties in experimental infection studies with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immersion, oral and anal challenges. | this study was carried out in order to try to establish an efficacious and reliable experimental infection model for flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, using contact, oral and anal challenges. ten f psychrophilum strains of different origin were included. the influence of water temperature, scarification, water quality, stress and growth conditions of the pathogen on the experimental infection was assessed. for each challenge protocol, all strains fa ... | 2000 | 11020369 |
| ca(2+) binding to cardiac troponin c: effects of temperature and ph on mammalian and salmonid isoforms. | a reduction in temperature lowers the ca(2+) sensitivity of skinned cardiac myofilaments but this effect is attenuated when native cardiac troponin c (ctnc) is replaced with skeletal tnc. this suggests that conformational differences between the two isoforms mediate the influence of temperature on contractility. to investigate this phenomenon, the functional characteristics of bovine ctnc (bctnc) and that from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, a cold water salmonid (sctnc), have been compared. ... | 2000 | 11049853 |
| cloning, sequencing, and analysis of expression of a second il-1beta gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the full-length sequence of a second il-1beta gene (il-1beta2) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been obtained. as with the first il-1beta gene, il-1beta2 is organized into six exons/five introns. there are only small differences in their intron/exon sizes, with the exception of intron 3, which is 334 bp smaller in il-1beta2. the transcript encoded by the il-1beta2 gene contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 121 bp, followed by a 762-bp open reading frame and a 518-bp 3'utr. the 3'u ... | 2000 | 11061285 |
| cloning, mapping and genomic organization of a fish c-type lectin gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | utilizing a splenic cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna 5' ends (5'-race), a c-type lectin gene was cloned from a homozygous cloned rainbow trout. the 1176 bp cdna contains a 714 bp open reading frame from which a 238-amino-acid (aa) (27 kda) protein was deduced. it was confirmed that this protein belongs to the c-type animal lectins, and is a type ii membrane receptor. the predicted protein from this sequence contains a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 20 aa transmembrane domain (tm), a 46 ... | 2000 | 11072064 |
| genetic analyses reveal unusually high diversity of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout aquaculture. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is the most significant virus pathogen of salmon and trout in north america. previous studies have shown relatively low genetic diversity of ihnv within large geographical regions. in this study, the genetic heterogeneity of 84 ihnv isolates sampled from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) over a 20 year period at four aquaculture facilities within a 12 mile stretch of the snake river in idaho, usa was investigated. the virus isolates were characte ... | 2000 | 11086112 |
| responses of cloned rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to an attenuated strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | the objective of this work was to examine the response of homozygous clones of rainbow trout to vaccination by an attenuated strain (nan scott lake; nsl) of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). adult rainbow trout of the hot creek strain (yy males maintained in a recirculating system at 12 degrees c) were injected 3 times with 10(5) to 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of nsl. intraperitoneal injections were given at day 0 and at 2 and 4 mo post-infection. all fish were nonlethally ble ... | 2000 | 11104067 |