| systemic and cutaneous mucus antibody responses of channel catfish immunized against the protozoan parasite ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | fish acquire protective immunity against the ciliated protozoan parasite ichthyophthirius multifiliis following sublethal infection or inoculation with i. multifiliis immobilization antigens (i-antigens). in both cases, parasite-immobilizing antibodies have been identified in sera and mucosal secretions. to investigate the kinetics of this immune response, antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the sera and cutaneous mucus of channel catfish (ictalurus pu ... | 2003 | 12965920 |
| identification of a cdna encoding channel catfish interferon. | despite considerable advances in our understanding of teleost immunity, relatively few cytokine genes, including those for interferon (ifn), have been identified at the molecular level. in contrast, numerous studies have shown that following virus infection or exposure to double-stranded rna, fish or fish cells produce a soluble factor that is functionally similar to mammalian ifn. a putative catfish (cf) ifn cdna was identified by blastx screening of a catfish est library generated from a mixed ... | 2004 | 12969796 |
| disparate regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in a primitive, ictalurid, teleost (ictalurus punctatus). | vertebrate growth is principally controlled by growth hormone (gh) and, its intermediary, insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i). the actions of igf-i are modulated by high-affinity binding proteins called insulin-like growth factor binding-proteins (igfbps). channel catfish exhibit atypical responses (increased percentage body fat and reduced percentage protein) to gh treatment, despite gh-dependent igf-i production. among possible explanations for this atypical response to gh treatment is an unu ... | 2003 | 14511982 |
| putative snp discovery in interspecific hybrids of catfish by comparative est analysis. | in this study, we identified putative snp markers within genes by comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests). comparison of 849 ests from blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus) with >11,000 ests from channel catfish (i. punctatus) deposited in genbank resulted in the identification of 1020 putative snps within 161 genes, of which 145 were nuclear genes of known function. the observed frequency of snps within ests of the two closely related catfish species was 1.32 snp per 100 bp. the majo ... | 2003 | 14687075 |
| immune responses and host protection of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), against ichthyophthirius multifiliis after immunization with live theronts and sonicated trophonts. | the humoral immune responses and host protection of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), against ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) were determined after immunization with live theronts and sonicated trophonts. immunizations with live theronts or sonicated trophonts were carried out by both bath immersion and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. cutaneous and serum immunoglobulin (ig) levels and anti-ich antibodies were measured 12 and 21 days post-immunization. the level of ich infec ... | 2004 | 15009239 |
| genetic fingerprinting of flavobacterium columnare isolates from cultured fish. | to evaluate the intraspecific diversity of the fish pathogen flavobacterium columnare. | 2004 | 15239710 |
| morphological and genetic characteristics of flavobacterium columnare isolates: correlations with virulence in fish. | variability in pathogenicity of flavobacterium columnare makes disease treatment difficult because there is currently no way to easily recognize those strains that warrant aggressive treatments. in order to identify suitable virulence markers, 17 isolates of f. columnare were cultured from six different fish species. the dna from all isolates was analysed using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). bootstrap analysis of the rapd data produced a tree with three major groups supported by bootst ... | 2004 | 14986937 |
| acute columnaris infection in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque): efficacy of practical treatments for warmwater aquaculture ponds. | columnaris disease was induced in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), by bath exposure to four highly virulent isolates of flavobacterium columnare. in untreated controls, mortality began 20 h after exposure and reached 100% by 48 h. mortality in channel catfish given antibiotic treatments with oxytetracycline or a combination of sulphadimethoxine and ormetoprim in feed prior to bacterial challenge was zero with all four strains of f. columnare. diquat (zeneca agricultural product ... | 2004 | 14986936 |
| enhanced bacterial disease resistance of transgenic channel catfish ictalurus punctatus possessing cecropin genes. | the cecropin b gene from the moth hyalophora cecropia, driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, was transferred to the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. transgenic individuals (p1) were mated to produce individuals (f1) that exhibited enhanced disease resistance and survival when challenged with pathogenic bacteria. during the epizootic of flavobacterium columnare in an earthen pond, the percentage of transgenic individuals containing preprocecropin b construct that survived (100%) was signifi ... | 2002 | 14961267 |
| viral susceptibility of newly established cell lines from the hawaiian monk seal monachus schauinslandi. | ten of 11 cell lines, recently established from the snout (ms-sn), periorbital soft tissue (ms-ey), liver (ms-lv), kidney (ms-kd), lung (ms-lg), spleen (ms-sp), heart (ms-ht), thyroid (ms-ty), brain (ms-br) and urinary bladder (ms-ub) of a juvenile hawaiian monk seal monachus schauinslandi, were evaluated in vitro for their susceptibility to 5 mammalian viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), reovirus type 3 (reo-3), poliovirus type 1 (polio-1) and vaccini ... | 2003 | 14960030 |
| purification of antimicrobial factor from granules of channel catfish peripheral blood leucocytes. | the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is extensively used in aquaculture in the southeast us and is susceptible to many bacterial infections acquired from its pond environment. research is needed to better understand the defensive response and innate immunity of channel catfish against fish pathogens like edwardsiella ictaluri and aeromonas hydrophila. the main objectives were purification and characterization of an innate antimicrobial factor isolated from catfish leucocytes that has both b ... | 2004 | 14672693 |
| cadmium effects on ichthyophthirius: evidence for metal-sequestration in fish tissues following administration of recombinant vaccines. | we are developing tetrahymena thermophila as a delivery system for recombinant vaccines against parasitic protozoa, including the common fish parasite, ichthyophthirius multifiliis. t. thermophila cell lines expressing i. multifiliis genes under the control of a cadmium-inducible metallothionein gene promoter conferred strong protection against a lethal parasite challenge when administered parenterally to naive fish. nevertheless, given that heavy metals can be toxic to parasites, a question aro ... | 2003 | 14667175 |
| in vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of edwardsiella ictaluri, etiological agent of enteric septicemia in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), to florfenicol. | in vitro studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiological agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (esc), to the antibacterial drug florfenicol (ffc). twelve different e. ictaluri isolates from cases submitted between 1994 and 1997 to the thad cochran national warmwater aquaculture center fish diagnostic laboratory (stoneville, ms) were used for testing. these isolates originated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) infected with e. ictaluri through ... | 2003 | 14667023 |
| inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination of minerals in catfish frame. | the concentration of 14 major and trace elements in catfish (ictalurus punctatus) frames was determined and analyzed for differences. three frames were obtained each week for five consecutive weeks in the spring and the fall of 2000. the frames were freed of remaining flesh, dried, treated by microwave dissolution technique and the minerals determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (icp-oes). the mean calcium concentration (mg/kg, dry basis) in the spring (140400) wa ... | 2003 | 14609085 |
| physiological basis for large differences in resistance to nitrite among freshwater and freshwater-acclimated euryhaline fishes. | uptake of environmental no2- by most freshwater fishes occurs at the gills where no2- is actively transported into the blood by the cl- uptake pathway. some freshwater fishes do not concentrate no2- in their plasma, regardless of environmental no2- exposure and exhibit a high degree of resistance to no2-. recent studies indicate that freshwater-adapted killifish (fundulidae: fundulus heteroclitus) and european eel (anguillidae: anguilla anguilla) have no or minimal cl- uptake activity at the gil ... | 2005 | 15667081 |
| distribution of mercury in the tissues of five species of freshwater fish from lake mead, usa. | total mercury (hg) concentrations were determined in seven tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, blood, gonad, brain, gill, and heart) of 59 striped bass and four tissues (muscle, liver, blood, and gonad) of 69 largemouth bass, 76 channel catfish, 12 bluegill, and 22 blue tilapia collected from lake mead, usa. mercury levels generally increased according to trophic level and fish length. for striped bass, mean hg levels (ng g(-1), wet mass) were highest in the liver (531), followed by muscle (309), h ... | 2003 | 14587853 |
| safety of aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% type a medicated article), administered in feed to channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | aquaflor, a feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (50% w/w), is being developed for use to control enteric septicemia (esc) in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus caused by the gram-negative enterobacterium edwardsiella ictaluri. the recommended dose of aquaflor to control esc is 10 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 10 days. the study objective was to determine the safety of aquaflor administered in feed to channel catfish at doses of 0 (control), 10, 30, and 50 ... | 2003 | 14585738 |
| feed deprivation of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), influences organosomatic indices, chemical composition and susceptibility to flavobacterium columnare. | withholding feed has been suggested as a strategy to manage infectious disease of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). in a previous study, we demonstrated that deprivation of feed for as little as 7 days reduced innate resistance of catfish to flavobacterium columnare. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding regimens [no feeding (nf), fed once every other day to satiation (feod) and fed once daily to satiation (fd)] on organosomatic indices, physiological change ... | 2003 | 14575373 |
| channel catfish virus gene expression in experimentally infected channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). | channel catfish virus (ccv) produces an acute haemorrhagic disease in fingerling channel catfish and establishes latent infection in fish that survive the primary infection. this study investigated ccv gene expression in tissues of experimentally infected fish. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays were developed for detection of transcripts expressed by each of the ccv direct repeat region genes in ccv-infected channel catfish ovary cells and in tissues of infected fish. immedi ... | 2003 | 14513973 |
| comparative challenge model of flavobacterium columnare using abraded and unabraded channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). | the early entry of the fish pathogen flavobacterium columnare and enhancement by abrasion was studied in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), using the polymerase chain reaction and a species-specific primer set for a bacterial 16s rrna gene product. evaluations were conducted following an abrasion bath immersion challenge with f. columnare. abrasion, a practice which has historically been used prior to bacterial challenge, had significant effects on the early entry of the pathogen ... | 2003 | 14513970 |
| cloning and characterisation of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) cdna from red sea bream (pagrus major). | nramp (natural resistance associated macrophage protein) controls aspects of innate resistance to intracellular parasites. its function is to enhance the ability of macrophages to kill pathogens. however, little is known about the structure and function of nramp in lower vertebrates such as teleosts. we have recently isolated a cdna encoding nramp from spleen of red sea bream (pagrus major). the full-length cdna of the nramp is 4709 bp in length, including 197 bp 5'-terminal untranslated region ... | 2004 | 15312657 |
| multiple cc chemokines in channel catfish and blue catfish as revealed by analysis of expressed sequence tags. | chemokines represent a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines involved in recruitment, activation and adhesion of a variety of leukocyte types to inflammatory foci, as well as in the organization and maintenance of lymphoid organ architecture and in normal developmental processes. nearly all chemokines have been identified in human and mouse, but only a handful of fish chemokines have been identified. here we describe 14 distinct chemokines from channel catfish and blue catfish identified by analy ... | 2004 | 15309344 |
| cloning of the koi herpesvirus (khv) gene encoding thymidine kinase and its use for a highly sensitive pcr based diagnosis. | outbreaks with mass mortality among common carp cyprinus carpio carpio and koi cyprinus carpio koi have occurred worldwide since 1998. the herpes-like virus isolated from diseased fish is different from herpesvirus cyprini and channel catfish virus and was accordingly designated koi herpesvirus (khv). diagnosis of khv infection based on viral isolation and current pcr assays has a limited sensitivity and therefore new tools for the diagnosis of khv infections are necessary. | 2005 | 15774009 |
| two year study on the infectivity of ichthyophthirius multifiliis in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. | ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet (ich) is a fish parasite that causes serious economic loss for aquaculture. a major difficulty in the maintenance of single isolates of ich for research purposes is the loss of infectivity. after an unknown number of passages or infection cycles the ich isolate loses its infectivity. this study determined the infectivity of an ich isolate during 105 infection cycles in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus over a 2 yr period. the mean percentage of fish infecte ... | 2004 | 15212279 |
| isolation and characterization of strains of flavobacterium columnare from brazil. | flavobacterium columnare is an important pathogen of freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. an outbreak of skin disease in fingerling and adult nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus (l.), cultivated in a recirculation system, was investigated. four strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical reactions, enzyme production, fatty acid profile and analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region. all strains were identified as f. columnare. ... | 2005 | 15813861 |
| inactivation of viruses infecting ectothermic animals by amphibian and piscine antimicrobial peptides. | the ability of five purified amphibian antimicrobial peptides (dermaseptin-1, temporin a, magainin i, and ii, pgla), crude peptide fractions isolated from the skin of rana pipiens and r. catesbeiana, and four antimicrobial peptides (amps) from hybrid striped bass (piscidin-1n, -1h, -2, and -3) were examined for their ability to reduce the infectivity of channel catfish virus (ccv) and frog virus 3 (fv3). all compounds, with the exception of magainin i, markedly reduced the infectivity of ccv. in ... | 2004 | 15193922 |
| mycobacteria, but not mercury, induces metallothionein (mt) protein in striped bass, morone saxitilis, phagocytes, while both stimuli induce mt in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, phagocytes. | recent advances in molecular immunology indicate that the expression of inducible pro-inflammatory proteins is increased in vertebrates in response to both infectious disease agents and various xenobiotics. for example, inos, cox-2, and cyp1a are induced by both inflammation and ahr ligands. moreover, the expression of these proteins in response to stimuli varies among individuals within populations. little is known of the differences among fish in the inducibility of proinflammatory proteins in ... | 2004 | 15178104 |
| immune response induced by n-lauroylsarcosine extracted outer-membrane proteins of an isolate of edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish. | a virulent isolate of edwardsiella ictaluri (al-93-75), the causative agent of enteric septicaemia of catfish (esc), was used to derive a lipopolysaccharide-reduced n-lauroylsarcosine outer-membrane protein (omp) fraction vaccine. the omp fraction was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and compared to whole-cell lysate, purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) and a crude cell-wall fraction. the omp fraction contained less than 2% (w/v) lps. sds-page sho ... | 2004 | 15123308 |
| cloning and characterisation of a channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) mx gene. | a 2.5 kb full-length cdna clone of a channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) mx gene was obtained using race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from rna extracted from the liver of poly i:c stimulated channel catfish. the gene consists of an open reading frame of 1905 nucleotides encoding a 635 amino acid protein. the predicted protein is 72.5 kda and contains the dynamin family signature, a tripartite gtp binding motif and a leucine zipper, characteristic of all kn ... | 2004 | 15123306 |
| evidence for the existence of granzyme-like serine proteases in teleost cytotoxic cells. | granzymes are granule-associated serine proteases, which are important effector molecules in nk cell and ctl functions. the granzyme family poses a perplexing problem in phylogenetics due to the lack of nonmammalian sequence information. we now report the identification of a cdna that codes for a granzyme homologue, channel catfish granzyme-1 (cfgr-1), from nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) of a teleost. ncc are the first identified and extensively studied cytotoxic cell population in teleosts. ... | 2004 | 15114423 |
| ammonia effects on microinvertebrates and fish in outdoor experimental streams. | laboratory data on ammonia effects, the us epa national water quality criteria for ammonia, and ammonia site-specific criteria were evaluated in four outdoor experimental streams (one control and three treatment streams) over a 76-week period. calculated un-ionised ammonia concentrations varied daily and seasonally according to ph and temperature changes. populations of four major microinvertebrate taxonomic groups (cladocerans, copepods, rotifers and protozoans) were monitored during a 4-week p ... | 1987 | 15092701 |
| characterization and expression analysis of bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bpi) antimicrobial peptide gene from channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. | antimicrobial peptides are important components of host defenses against microbial invasions. bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is an antimicrobial peptide belonging to the lipid transfer/lps-binding protein family. it serves important roles in defending against gram-negative bacteria in the innate immune system. here we report cloning of complete bpi cdna from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by 5' race after obtaining the partial bpi cdna sequence from est analysis. the c ... | 2005 | 15896843 |
| interaction of xenobiotics with estrogen receptors alpha and beta and a putative plasma sex hormone-binding globulin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | estrogens are important regulators of physiological functions. although environmental contaminants (xenoestrogens) which interfere with estrogen signaling are of increasing concern, there is only limited information about their ability to interact with estrogen-binding proteins (shbg) or receptors (er). recombinant eralpha and beta were obtained after transient transfection of cos-7 cells with channel catfish er cdna. plasma from adult female channel catfish was the source of shbg. tritiated est ... | 2004 | 15081833 |
| sequence analysis and expression of a cxc chemokine in resistant and susceptible catfish after infection of edwardsiella ictaluri. | chemokines represent a superfamily of chemotactic cytokines involved in recruitment, activation and adhesion of a variety of leukocyte types to inflammatory foci. we cloned and sequenced the cdna of a cxc chemokine that is most similar to cxcl10 from channel catfish and blue catfish. sequence analysis of pcr amplicons from a single f1 hybrid catfish indicated that channel catfish and blue catfish may have a multigene family for the cxc chemokine. the catfish cxc chemokine was expressed in a wide ... | 2004 | 15043945 |
| cloning and expression of the aid gene in the channel catfish. | a full-length activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid or aicda) cdna has been obtained from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). a single open reading frame predicts a 209 amino acid protein that has 57% identity and 73% similarity with the aid proteins of mouse and human. all residues that have previously been found to be critical for deamination, as well as for somatic hypermutation, are conserved in the catfish aid. these residues are also conserved in aid proteins predicted, from ge ... | 2004 | 15043936 |
| defeating diplostomoid dangers in usa catfish aquaculture. | diplostomoid digenean metacercariae have caused widescale mortalities of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), at aquaculture farms in louisiana, mississippi and arkansas, usa. originally, based on a tentative diagnosis, the industry considered the primary harmful agent to be an introduced species from europe, bolbophorus confusus (krause, 1914), frequently reported from the american white pelican, pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin. our group has now shown, using its 1-2 plus three m ... | 2004 | 15357393 |
| analysis of a catfish gene resembling interleukin-8: cdna cloning, gene structure, and expression after infection with edwardsiella ictaluri. | chemokines are important mediators for innate immunity involved in recruitment, activation and adhesion of a variety of leukocyte types to inflammatory foci. while almost all chemokines have been identified from mammals, only a handful of fish chemokines have been identified. here we report molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of a channel catfish gene resembling interleukin-8 (il-8). the gene has two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding 114 and 111 amino acids, respectivel ... | 2005 | 15450753 |
| evolution of transcriptional control of the igh locus: characterization, expression, and function of tf12/heb homologs of the catfish. | the transcriptional enhancer (emu3') of the igh locus of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, differs from enhancers of the mammalian igh locus in terms of its position, structure, and function. transcription factors binding to multiple octamer motifs and a single mue5 motif (an e-box site, consensus canntg) interact for its function. e-box binding transcription factors of the class i basic helix-loop-helix family were cloned from a catfish b cell cdna library in this study, and homologs of ... | 2004 | 15494495 |
| estima, a tool for est management in a multi-project environment. | single-pass, partial sequencing of complementary dna (cdna) libraries generates thousands of chromatograms that are processed into high quality expressed sequence tags (ests), and then assembled into contigs representative of putative genes. usually, to be of value, ests and contigs must be associated with meaningful annotations, and made available to end-users. | 2004 | 15527510 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| parasites of native and nonnative fishes of the little colorado river, grand canyon, arizona. | a 2-yr, seasonal, parasitological study of 1,435 fish, belonging to 4 species of native fishes and 7 species of nonnative fishes from the lower little colorado river (lcr) and tributary creeks, grand canyon, arizona, yielded 17 species of parasites. these comprised 1 myxozoan (henneguya exilis), 2 copepods (ergasilus arthrosis and lernaea cyprinacea), 1 acarine (oribatida gen. sp.), 1 piscicolid leech (myzobdella lugubris), 4 monogeneans (gyrodactylus hoffmani, gyrodactylus sp., dactylogyrus ext ... | 2004 | 15562604 |
| cloning and characterization of myogenic regulatory genes in three ictalurid species. | we report sequence, tissue expression and map-position data for myogenin, myod1, myostatin and follistatin in three ictalurid catfish species: channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (i. furcatus) and white catfish (ameiurus catus). these genes are involved in muscle growth and development in mammals and may play similar roles in catfish. amino acid sequences were highly conserved among the three ictalurid species (>95% identity), moderately conserved among catfish and zebrafish (app ... | 2004 | 15566463 |
| susceptibility of channel catfish fry to channel catfish virus (ccv) challenge increases with age. | susceptibility of channel catfish to channel catfish virus disease (ccvd) has been generally considered to be inversely related to age. however, in experimental immersion challenges, we found that channel catfish fry, 3 to 8 d post hatch (dph), are most resistant to ccv and susceptibility increases with age. initial studies involved 2 spawns that had high ccv carrier percentage. to determine if the resistance seen in the fry was related to the ccv carrier status of the parents, we selected 4 spa ... | 2004 | 15648828 |
| accumulation of trinitrotoluene (tnt) in aquatic organisms: part 1--bioconcentration and distribution in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | little is currently known regarding the toxicokinetics of tnt in fish. in the present study, the bioconcentration and distribution of trinitrotoluene (tnt) and tnt biotransformation products was investigated in juvenile channel catfish by exposing catfish to 14c-labeled tnt in water. uptake experiments showed relatively fast rates (k(u)=10.1 ml g(-1) h(-1)) for tnt from the water; however, bioconcentration factors for tnt were low (0.79 ml g(-1)) due to rapid biotransformation and potential elim ... | 2005 | 15667836 |
| genetic relationships among members of the ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks. | abstract ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. recently it has been demonstrated that ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. to address the question of hos ... | 2005 | 15705156 |
| evolution of vertebrate e protein transcription factors: comparative analysis of the e protein gene family in takifugu rubripes and humans. | e proteins are essential for b lymphocyte development and function, including immunoglobulin (ig) gene rearrangement and expression. previous studies of b cells in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) identified e protein homologs that are capable of binding the mue5 motif and driving a strong transcriptional response. there are three e protein genes in mammals, heb (tcf12), e2a (tcf3), and e2-2 (tcf4). the major expressed e proteins found in catfish b cells are homologs of heb and of e2a. ... | 2005 | 15713784 |
| determination of select antidepressants in fish from an effluent-dominated stream. | increasing evidence indicates widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (ppcps) in municipal effluent discharges and surface waters. studies that characterize the fate and effects of ppcps in aquatic systems are limited, and to our knowledge, data regarding pharmaceutical accumulation in fish of effluent-dominated ecosystems have not been previously reported. in the present study, fish populations were sampled from a reference stream and an effluent-dominated stream in ... | 2005 | 15720009 |
| genomic organization, gene duplication, and expression analysis of interleukin-1beta in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) is one of the pivotal early response pro-inflammatory cytokines that enables organisms to respond to infection and induces a cascade of reactions leading to inflammation. in spite of its importance and two decades of studies in the mammalian species, genes encoding il-1beta were not identified from non-mammalian species until recently. recent research, particularly with genomic approaches, has led to sequencing of il-1beta from many species. clinical studies also sug ... | 2006 | 16280165 |
| acute toxicity of isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, a breakdown product of sarin, to eggs and fry of golden shiner and channel catfish. | several countries, including the united states, have agreed to destroy stockpiled chemical warfare agents in accordance with the chemical weapons convention treaty of 1993. sarin is one of many chemical warfare agents (cwa) designated for destruction. in the event of an accident during incineration, sarin or its decomposition products have the potential to be expelled into the environment. sarin hydrolyzes into isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (impa), a compound detected in groundwater from prior ... | 2005 | 15762552 |
| poly i:c induces an antiviral state against ictalurid herpesvirus 1 and mx1 transcription in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | in vivo studies were carried out to investigate the protective effect of the interferon inducer poly i:c against channel catfish virus (ccv). channel catfish were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of 50 microg of poly i:c or pbs at various days prior to immersion challenge with ccv. mortality in the poly i:c group was significantly reduced from 70% to 3% at day 1 compared to the pbs controls. mortality increased at day 3 but was still significantly different from the pbs controls. mx1 tran ... | 2005 | 15784293 |
| optimization of conditions for production of channel catfish ovary cells and channel catfish virus dna. | medium supplements were examined for their effect on the growth of channel catfish ovary cells. it was found that the usual serum supplement of 10% fetal calf serum could be successfully replaced with a combination of 5% fetal calf serum and a mixture of insulin, transferrin, and selenous acid. it was also found that these cells could be grown in a more efficient manner on microcarrier beads. this type of culture produced 14 times the number of cells per milliliter of total medium used compared ... | 1985 | 16346776 |
| cutaneous antibodies from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), immune to ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) may induce apoptosis of ich theronts. | this study explored the existence of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet (ich) theronts and determined the effect of cutaneous antibodies in skin culture fluid from fish immune to ich on theront apoptosis. apoptosis was detected in theronts and was clearly distinguished by fluorescent microscopy after staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide. the apoptotic theronts showed characteristic chromatin condensation and nuclear fragments containing chroma ... | 2005 | 15813863 |
| transmission and detection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. | a specific and rapid pcr detection method for flavobacterium columnare based on the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region (isr) of the ribosomal rna operon has been developed. the isr of 30 f. columnare strains and other flavobacterium species was amplified using universal primers and sequenced. once f. columnare specific sequences within the isr were recognized, specific pcr primers were designed against them (fcisrfl and fcisrr1). the primers were sensitive and able to detect as low as 7 colon ... | 2005 | 15819428 |
| properties and regional expression of a cyp3a-like protein in channel catfish intestine. | biotransformation in the intestine may influence the bioavailability and toxicity of ingested xenobiotics. the objective of this study was to examine the expression and catalytic properties of a constitutive cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a-like protein along the intestine of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. fish were maintained on commercial chow or nutritionally complete semi-purified diets. polyclonal antibodies generated against rainbow trout cyp3a proteins reacted strongly with catfish washed ... | 2005 | 15848255 |
| activation of tlr3 and tlr5 in channel catfish exposed to virulent edwardsiella ictaluri. | two toll-like receptors (tlr3 and tlr5) were identified from a catfish cdna fry library based on sequence similarity to other vertebrate tlr genes. expression (using real-time pcr) of tlr3 and tlr5 was measured for two strains of channel catfish in previously non-exposed fish 2, 5, 8, and 21 days after experimental edwardsiella ictaluri challenge to determine if tlrs are associated with host response to e. ictaluri infection. expression of tlr5 was higher than tlr3 (p<0.0001). tlr3 expression in ... | 2004 | 15854683 |
| anaerobic bacteria associated with epizootics in grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and redfish (sciaenops ocellata) along the texas gulf coast. | anaerobic bacteria tentatively identified as species of catenabacterium were recovered from brain, liver, kidney and blood of fish involved in a massive epizootic of grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and redfish (sciaenops ocellata). pathogenicity was demonstrated for grey mullet (m. cephalus) and sea catfish (arius felis) but not for channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) or white mice. diseased fish were disoriented, weak and swimming at the surface of the water. thioglycolate and salt bovine blood ... | 1976 | 16498893 |
| effects of cortisol and stress on channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pathogen susceptibility and lysozyme activity following exposure to edwardsiella ictaluri. | periods of stress are often associated with disease outbreaks in cultured fish, and stress is often characterized by the secretion of cortisol. although stress and cortisol secretion are highly correlated in fish, the role of cortisol in affecting channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pathogen susceptibility is unclear. the effects of short-term stress and exogenous cortisol administration on channel catfish susceptibility to edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiologic agent of enteric septicemia of ca ... | 2005 | 15862571 |
| induced cross-protection in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), against different immobilization serotypes of ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | abstract channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), were immunized with ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) theronts and trophonts, and the immune response and host protection against both homologous and heterologous serotypes of ich were evaluated. immunizations were done with two immobilization serotypes (ars4 and ars6) of live theronts by bath immersion (trial i) and with sonicated trophonts by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (trial ii). cutaneous and serum antibody titres against ich ... | 2006 | 16533298 |
| genomic organization of the channel catfish cd45 functional gene and cd45 pseudogenes. | cd45 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, which in mammals plays an important role in t and b cell receptor and cytokine signaling. recently, a catfish cdna was shown to contain all characteristic cd45 features: an alternatively spliced amino-terminus, a cysteine-rich region, three fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region, and two phosphotyrosine phosphatase domains. however, analyses of cd45 cdnas from various catfish lymphoid cell lines demonstrated that catfish cd45 is unique i ... | 2005 | 15868142 |
| response of toll-like receptors, lysozyme, and igf-i in back-cross hybrid (f1 male (blue x channel) x female channel) catfish challenged with virulent edwardsiella ictaluri. | responses of toll-like receptors (tlr3 and tlr5), lysozyme, and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) to experimental challenge with virulent edwardsiella ictaluri were measured in back-cross hybrid (f1 male (blue x channel) x female channel) catfish. the resistance levels to e. ictaluri and host response mechanisms of back-cross hybrids are unknown. fish were challenged with virulent e. ictaluri and sampled pre-challenge, 2 h and 2, 5, 8, 14, and 21 days post-challenge. levels of mrna expression ... | 2006 | 15905103 |
| koi herpesvirus represents a third cyprinid herpesvirus (cyhv-3) in the family herpesviridae. | the sequences of four complete genes were analysed in order to determine the relatedness of koi herpesvirus (khv) to three fish viruses in the family herpesviridae: carp pox herpesvirus (cyprinid herpesvirus 1, cyhv-1), haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus of goldfish (cyprinid herpesvirus 2, cyhv-2) and channel catfish virus (ictalurid herpesvirus 1, ichv-1). the genes were predicted to encode a helicase, an intercapsomeric triplex protein, the dna polymerase and the major capsid protein. the re ... | 2005 | 15914843 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | to evaluate the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (lamp) for rapid detection of flavobacterium columnare and determine the suitability of lamp for rapid diagnosis of columnaris infection in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | 2006 | 16629992 |
| ontogeny of humoral immune parameters in fish. | the first appearance of igm in lymphocytes varies considerably among fish species. generally, the first appearance of b-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins is late in marine species compared to fresh water species, and larvae have reached about 20-30 mm in length when igm is first expressed. rainbow trout and channel catfish show the first appearances of surface igm at about 1 week after hatching. marine species like the sea bass, spotted wolffish and cod show igm positive lymphocytes 1-10 weeks aft ... | 2005 | 15916905 |
| identification and characterization of a two-component hemolysin from edwardsiella ictaluri. | the channel catfish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri possesses hemolysin activity, and strains that are adapted for growth in fish tend to have greater hemolysin activity than strains that are adapted for in vitro growth conditions. to investigate its potential role in virulence, an isogenic hemolysin mutant strain of e. ictaluri r4383 was constructed by transposon mutagenesis. sequencing of the chromosomal insertion site identified two genes, designated eiha and eihb, that encode proteins with ho ... | 2005 | 15923091 |
| catfish hepcidin gene is expressed in a wide range of tissues and exhibits tissue-specific upregulation after bacterial infection. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important components of the host innate immune response against microbial invasion. the cysteine-rich amps such as defensin and hepcidin have been extensively studied from various organisms, but their role in disease defense in catfish is unknown. as a first step, we sequenced a hepcidin cdna from both channel catfish and blue catfish, and characterized the channel catfish hepcidin gene. the channel catfish hepcidin gene consists of two introns and three exons t ... | 2005 | 15935472 |
| the interferon system of teleost fish. | interferons (ifns) are secreted proteins, which induce vertebrate cells into an antiviral state. in mammals, three families of ifns (type i ifn, type ii ifn and ifn-lambda) can be distinguished on the basis of gene structure, protein structure and functional properties. type i ifns, which include ifn-alpha and ifn-beta, are encoded by intron lacking genes and have a major role in the first line of defense against viruses. the human ifn-lambdas have similar biological properties as type i ifns, b ... | 2006 | 15939626 |
| availability of in vitro vitellogenin assay for screening of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of environmental chemicals. | vitellogenin (vtg) protein, vtg mrna, other egg yolk proteins, vitelline envelope proteins and their mrnas are produced in the liver of oviparous species by stimulation of endogenous estrogen and exogenous estrogenic chemicals. the vtg assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been widely used for many fish species to screen estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of chemicals and sewage effluents using immature fish and/or male fish. in order to reduce the number of fish fo ... | 2006 | 16883298 |
| identification and characterization of a fcr homolog in an ectothermic vertebrate, the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | an fcr homolog (ipfcri), representing the first such receptor from an ectothermic vertebrate, has been identified in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). mining of the catfish expressed sequence tag databases using mammalian fcr sequences for cd16, cd32, and cd64 resulted in the identification of a teleost ig-binding receptor. ipfcri is encoded by a single-copy gene containing three ig c2-like domains, but lacking a transmembrane segment and cytoplasmic tail. the encoded ig domains of ipfc ... | 2006 | 16888012 |
| mortality and pathology in brown bullheads amieurus nebulosus associated with a spontaneous edwardsiella ictaluri outbreak under tank culture conditions. | brown bullheads amieurus nebulosus (family ictaluridae) are commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. these fish are not generally cultured under laboratory conditions and little is known about their disease susceptibility. here we report an outbreak of disease due to edwardsiella ictaluri in a laboratory population of tank-reared, wild-caught brown bullheads. the isolate was positively identified as e. ictaluri using standard bacteriological substrate utilization tests and a m ... | 2006 | 16903233 |
| constitutive expression of three novel catfish cxc chemokines: homeostatic chemokines in teleost fish. | chemokines are best known for their vital role in leukocyte chemotaxis, as part of the larger inflammatory response. expression analysis and functional characterization of chemokines in mammalian species have often overlooked the role of these proteins under homeostatic conditions. recent investigations of chemokine diversity in teleost fish have also centered on the immune-related functions of chemotactic cytokines, such as cxcl8 and cxcl10. while a disease-based approach to chemokines is essen ... | 2005 | 15950731 |
| cyanobacteria and earthy/musty compounds found in commercial catfish (ictalurus punctatus) ponds in the mississippi delta and mississippi--alabama blackland prairie. | the compounds responsible for earthy and musty "off-flavors" in farm-raised channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in the southeastern united states of america are geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (mib), respectively. these compounds are produced by certain species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that grow in the aquaculture ponds. previous research has focused on the species of cyanobacteria found in catfish ponds in west mississippi (the leading region of catfish production in the usa), while ... | 2005 | 15993924 |
| molecular characterization of a novel pattern recognition protein from nonspecific cytotoxic cells: sequence analysis, phylogenetic comparisons and anti-microbial activity of a recombinant homologue. | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) are the first identified and most extensively studied killer cell population in teleosts. ncc kill a wide variety of target cells including tumor cells, virally transformed cells and protozoan parasites. the present study identified a novel evolutionarily conserved oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) binding membrane protein expressed by channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) ncc. peptide fingerprinting analysis of the odn binding protein (referred to as ncc cationic anti ... | 2005 | 15998541 |
| molecular identification and expression analysis of natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) cdna from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) controls partially innate resistance to intracellular parasites. its function is to enhance the ability of macrophages to kill pathogens. however, little is known about the structure and function of nramp in lower vertebrates such as teleosts. we have recently isolated a cdna encoding nramp from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). the full-length cdna of the nramp is 3066 bp in length, including 224 bp 5' terminal utr, 1662 bp enco ... | 2006 | 15998592 |
| evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus important bacterial pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri. | channel catfish ictalurus punctatus infected with edwardsiella ictaluri results in 40--50 million dollars annual losses in profits to catfish producers. early detection of this pathogen is necessary for disease control and reduction of economic loss. in this communication, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (lamp) that amplifies dna with high specificity and rapidity at an isothermal condition was evaluated for rapid detection of e. ictaluri. a set of four primers, two outer and t ... | 2005 | 16157211 |
| environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the rio grande and its u.s. tributaries: spatial and temporal trends. | we collected, examined, and analyzed 368 fish of seven species from 10 sites on rivers of the rio grande basin (rgb) during late 1997 and early 1998 to document temporal and geographic trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. sites were located on the mainstem of the rio grande and on the arroyo colorado and pecos river in texas (tx), new mexico (nm), and colorado. common carp (cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (micropterus salmo ... | 2005 | 16227080 |
| nk-lysin of channel catfish: gene triplication, sequence variation, and expression analysis. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important components of the host innate immune response against microbial invasion. in addition to the previously known four classes of antimicrobial peptides, a fifth class of antimicrobial peptides has been recently identified to include nk-lysins that have a globular three-dimensional structure and are larger with 74-78 amino acid residues. nk-lysin has been shown to harbor antimicrobial activities against a wide spectrum of microorganisms including bacteria, ... | 2006 | 16271391 |
| a complement receptor for opsonized immune complexes on erythrocytes from oncorhynchus mykiss but not ictalarus punctatus. | immune complexes activate the classical pathway of complement resulting in the covalent deposition of fragments of the third (c3b) and fourth (c4b) components of complement, thus opsonizing the complexes for uptake by cd35 found on human erythrocytes. the complexes are then transported to and cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. it has been shown that rainbow trout can remove immune complexes from the circulation in a complement-dependent manner similar to that found i ... | 2006 | 16271392 |
| effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin on growth and abundance of mrna for igf-i and igf-ii in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | research was conducted to examine growth rates, circulating concentrations of igf-i, and mrna abundance levels of igf-i and igf-ii in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) given recombinant bovine st (rbst; posilac, monsanto co., st. louis mo). in the first study, juvenile catfish (5.5 +/- 0.5 g) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) sham-injected control (one needle puncture per week); 2) rbst (30 microg x g bw(-1) x wk(-1); posilac); and 3) nonhandled control (control). at the ... | 2005 | 15753336 |
| vaccines for fish in aquaculture. | vaccination plays an important role in large-scale commercial fish farming and has been a key reason for the success of salmon cultivation. in addition to salmon and trout, commercial vaccines are available for channel catfish, european seabass and seabream, japanese amberjack and yellowtail, tilapia and atlantic cod. in general, empirically developed vaccines based on inactivated bacterial pathogens have proven to be very efficacious in fish. fewer commercially available viral vaccines and no p ... | 2005 | 15757476 |
| fate of fluorescent microspheres in developing ictalurus punctatus following prolonged immersion. | particulate antigen uptake by the mucosa of developing channel catfish was determined by immersing larvae and fry [2-day post-hatch (dph), 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-week post-hatch (wph)] to two forms of fluorescent microspheres (fms): blue fms were carboxylated, and green fms were coated via conjugation with a crude extract of edwardsiella ictaluri outer membrane protein (omp). phagocytosis, destination, and clearance appeared similar for the two types of fms used. in the older age classes, primary ... | 2006 | 16326113 |
| characterization of glycans on major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | the glycans associated with mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules have been studied extensively. co-translational and post-translational addition of sugar molecules to proteins confers many structural and modulatory functions. in the present study we characterized the glycans associated with mhc class ii molecules in the channel catfish to compare glycosylation patterns in a teleost to those known to occur in mammals. this study made use of enzymatic methods and two ... | 2006 | 16364438 |
| granzyme-like sequences in bony fish shed light on the emergence of hematopoietic serine proteases during vertebrate evolution. | hematopoietic serine proteases (sps) are stored in the granules of different leukocytes and these enzymes are important effector molecules in the immune system of mammals. however, very little is known about the presence of these proteins in lower vertebrates. herein, the primary structures of five novel fish sps, from the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), are presented. one of the cod sps is a homologue to human gzma and k. the other fish sps identified ... | 2006 | 16413608 |
| the acute and chronic toxicity of hexadecyl and heptadecyl sulfate to aquatic organisms. | hsas (high-solubility alkyl sulfate) is a new anionic surfactant composed predominantly of methyl and ethyl branched hexadecyl and heptadecyl sulfate. effects of hsas on a wide range of fish, algae, and invertebrates were investigated in conventional laboratory toxicity tests as well as in exposures conducted as part of an experimental stream model ecosystem study. for invertebrates and fish, c(16.7)hsas (average alkyl chain length 16.7) acute lc(50) values ranged from 0.23 (channel catfish) to ... | 2006 | 16465560 |
| molecular detection of a virus, pilchard herpesvirus, associated with epizootics in australasian pilchards sardinops sagax neopilchardus. | in 1995, and again in 1998, high mortalities of pilchards sardinops sagax neopilchardus were seen over their entire geographical range on the australian coastline. a virus with typical herpesvirus morphology was identified as the causative agent, although the source of the virus remains unknown. at the time of the mortality events, the only available diagnostic test available for the detection of the virus was electron microscopy and hence, development of a rapid diagnostic test for detection an ... | 2005 | 16465828 |
| establishment and characterization of two cell lines from bluefin trevally caranx melampygus. | bluefin trevally caranx melampygus cuvier is a popular game fish and highly valued sea food with potential importance for aquaculture. to help establish this marine animal as an important aquacultural species in hawaii and the pacific and develop in vitro cell culture systems for long-term management and control of potential viral diseases 2 cell lines were established from body muscle (bluefin trevally muscles, btms) and fins (bluefin trevally fins, btf). primary culture of these cells was cond ... | 2006 | 16532601 |
| a broadly applicable method to characterize large dna viruses and adenoviruses based on the dna polymerase gene. | many viral pathogens are poorly characterized, are difficult to culture or reagents are lacking for confirmatory diagnoses. we have developed and tested a robust assay for detecting and characterizing large dna viruses and adenoviruses. the assay is based on the use of degenerate pcr to target a gene common to these viruses, the dna polymerase, and sequencing the products. | 2006 | 16608526 |
| immunofluorescent test for simultaneous detection of edwardsiella ictaluri and flavobacterium columnare. | enteric septicemia of catfish (esc) and columnaris disease are 2 bacterial diseases significantly affecting the aquaculture industry, and thus rapid diagnosis of disease is imperative for making judicious management decisions. a rapid indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test with antibody conjugated fluorochromes having 2 different spectral properties (alexa fluor 488-emitting green fluorescence, and alexa fluor 594-emitting red fluorescence) was compared with bacteriological culture (accepted s ... | 2006 | 16610585 |
| prevalence and typing of listeria monocytogenes in raw catfish fillets. | raw channel catfish fillets collected from three processing plants during four time periods were tested for the presence of listeria species. listeria monocytogenes was the predominant listeria species found in these catfish fillets, with 25 to 47% prevalence. other listeria species, such as l. welshimeri, l. innocua, l. ivanovii, l. grayi, and l. seeligeri, were also found. l. monocytogenes isolates were further fingerprinted by a repetitive element pcr. forty distinctive electrophoretic types ... | 2006 | 16629023 |
| susceptibility of cyprinid cultured cells to cyprinid herpesvirus 3. | cyprinid herpesvirus 3 is a highly contagious and lethal virus that affects ornamental koi and common carp worldwide. however, it is not yet known whether other cyprinids are infected and/or harbor the virus. here, we report that cultured cells derived from common carp, koi, silver carp and goldfish allow cyhv-3 propagation, while cyprinid cells derived from fathead minnow and non-cyprinid cells derived from the channel catfish ovary are resistant to cyhv-3 infection. interestingly, the epitheli ... | 2007 | 17497237 |
| pentachlorophenol-induced cytotoxic, mitogenic, and endocrine-disrupting activities in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | pentachlorophenol (pcp) is an organochlorine compound that has been widely used as a biocide in several industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. although it has been shown to induce systemic toxicity and carcinogenesis in several experimental studies, the literature is scarce regarding its toxic mechanisms of action at the cellular and molecular levels. recent investigations in our laboratory have shown that pcp induces cytotoxicity and transcriptionally activates stress genes in hum ... | 2004 | 16696183 |
| detection of botulinum type e toxin in channel catfish with visceral toxicosis syndrome using catfish bioassay and endopep mass spectrometry. | visceral toxicosis of catfish (vtc) is a syndrome characterized by sudden mortality in apparently healthy market- and brooder-sized catfish (ictalurus punctatus). this paper reports the design of a catfish neutralization assay to detect botulinum in catfish with vtc and verification by endopep mass spectrometry (endopep-ms). sera from 6 affected catfish were incubated with botulinum antitoxin serotypes a, b, c, d, e, or f. for each serum sample, 3 experimental fingerlings were injected intracoel ... | 2007 | 17609342 |
| streptococcus ictaluri sp. nov., isolated from channel catfish ictalurus punctatus broodstock. | a streptococcal-like organism was associated with diseased channel catfish ictalurus punctatus broodstock on four commercial aquaculture operations in the mississippi delta. conventional biochemical testing, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and dna-dna hybridization distinguished the isolates from these fish from previously published streptococcus species. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically most similar to streptococcus iniae, streptococc ... | 2007 | 17625202 |
| differences in virulence between two serotypes of ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | naive channel catfish ictalurus punctatus were infected by 2 isolates of the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis that differed in virulence. the isolates, ny1 and g5, serotypes a and d, respectively, express different surface immobilization-antigens. the virulence of the 2 isolates was compared using tail-fin infections to quantitate parasite numbers and by analysis of the survival of infected fish. although ny1 infected fish at a lower level than g5, all ny1-infected fish died, but 5 ... | 2006 | 16724566 |
| physical map of the channel catfish virus genome: location of sites for restriction endonucleases ecori, hindiii, hpai, and xbai. | the overall arrangement of nucleotide sequences in the dna of channel catfish virus has been studied by cleavage with four restriction endonucleases. physical maps have been developed for the location of sites for ecori, hindiii, hpai, and xbai. the sum of the molecular weights of fragments generated by each restriction enzyme indicates a molecular weight of approximately 86 x 10(6) for the channel catfish virus genome. fragments corresponding to the molecular ends of channel catfish virus dna h ... | 1979 | 16789182 |
| a screening-level assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc in fish and crayfish from northeastern oklahoma, usa. | the objective of this study was to evaluate potential human and ecological risks associated with metals in fish and crayfish from mining in the tri-states mining district (tsmd). crayfish (orconectes spp.) and fish of six frequently consumed species (common carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; flathead catfish, pylodictis olivaris; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; spotted bass, m. punctulatus; and white crappie, pomoxis annularis) were collected in 2001--2002 from ... | 2006 | 16791710 |
| flavobacterium columnare genomovar influences mortality in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | flavobacterium columnare, causal agent of columnaris disease, is pathogenic to many species of freshwater fish throughout the world. the united states channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture industry is severely impacted by columnaris disease. the majority of the f. columnare isolates recovered from diseased channel catfish belonged to either genomovars i or ii. the objective of the present study was to determine if differences existed in the ability of these genomovars to induce morta ... | 2008 | 17964085 |
| signature-tagged mutagenesis of edwardsiella ictaluri identifies virulence-related genes, including a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 class of type iii secretion systems. | edwardsiella ictaluri is the leading cause of mortality in channel catfish culture, but little is known about its pathogenesis. the use of signature-tagged mutagenesis in a waterborne infection model resulted in the identification of 50 mutants that were unable to infect/survive in catfish. nineteen had minitransposon insertions in miscellaneous genes in the chromosome, 10 were in genes that matched to hypothetical proteins, and 13 were in genes that had no significant matches in the ncbi databa ... | 2007 | 17965213 |
| toll-like receptor 3 and ticam genes in catfish: species-specific expression profiles following infection with edwardsiella ictaluri. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and use conserved signaling pathways to activate proinflammatory cytokines and type-1 interferons to fight infection. tlr3 in mammals is best known for its recognition of dsrna as ligand and its myd88-independent signaling. tlr3, upon recognition of dsrna, recruits and binds its adaptor protein tir domain-containing adapter molecule (ticam) 1. here we report the genomi ... | 2006 | 16969679 |
| effects of gh on immune and endocrine responses of channel catfish challenged with edwardsiella ictaluri. | the effects of gh on immune and endocrine responses to channel catfish challenged with the bacterium edwardsiella ictaluri were examined. catfish (11.7+/-1.0 g) treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbgh) and challenged with e. ictaluri experienced similar mortality as control-exposed fish. plasma activity of lysozyme was higher (p<0.01) in rbgh-exposed fish. compared to day 0 controls (non-exposed fish), igf-i levels decreased (p<0.05) in challenged fish while levels were similar (p>0 ... | 2007 | 17030140 |
| channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, cyclophilin a and b cdna characterization and expression analysis. | the preliminary observation of up-regulation of cyclophilin transcripts during edwardsiella ictaluri infection prompted us to speculate on the potential importance of cyclophilins in the early stage of infection. to provide a framework for answering these questions, two cyclophilin cdna of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, were identified, sequenced and characterized. the complete nucleotide sequences of cyclophilin a and cyclophilin b cdna consisted of 1170 and 996 bases, respectively. anal ... | 2008 | 18001845 |