| the nona gene in drosophila conveys species-specific behavioral characteristics. | the molecular basis of species-specific differences in courtship behavior, a critical factor in preserving species boundaries, is poorly understood. genetic analysis of all but the most closely related species is usually impossible, given the inviability of hybrids. we have therefore applied interspecific transformation of a single candidate behavioral locus, no-on-transient a (nona), between drosophila virilis and d. melanogaster, to investigate whether nona, like the period gene, might encode ... | 2001 | 11514445 |
| ecdysone-controlled mrna stability in drosophila salivary glands: deadenylation-independent degradation of larval glue protein gene message during the larval/prepupal transition. | 20-hydroxyecdysone induces poly(a) shortening and the subsequent degradation of transcripts encoding the larval glue protein lgp-1 in drosophila virilis late third larval instar salivary glands. degradation concurs with the transient increase of ribonucleolytic activities in the gland cells. in vitro nuclease assays using crude cytoplasmic extracts of ecdysone-treated salivary glands demonstrate degradation to be deadenylation-independent and that the induced ribonucleolytic activities initiate ... | 2001 | 11500246 |
| identification of x chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and their use in a gene localization study in drosophila virilis and d. littoralis. | we have identified six restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers based on unique gene sequences on the x chromosome of drosophila virilis and d. littoralis. the markers were localized by in situ hybridization on larval polytene chromosomes, and the conjugation of the x chromosomes of the two species was studied in salivary glands of interspecific hybrid female larvae. the gene arrangement of d. virilis and d. littoralis appeared to be very different at the proximal end of the x chr ... | 2001 | 11341735 |
| [some regularities in the genetic control of the stress reaction in drosophila]. | the heat-shock response was studied in drosophila virilis strains with normal and impaired neurohormonal stress reaction. flies from the latter strain were shown to have the impaired heat-shock response. in this strain, transcription of the heat shock gene hsp83 is reduced and synthesis of all heat shock proteins is suppressed. the neurohormonal stress reaction (status of dopamine, octopamine, and juvenile hormone metabolic systems) was examined in d. melanogaster strains having normal and impai ... | 2001 | 11234428 |
| ecdysteroids in stress responsive and nonresponsive drosophila virilis lines under stress conditions. | after exposure to thermal stress or a control temperature, the relative abundance of ecdysone (e) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) was measured in a wild-type line of drosophila virilis (101) that is stress responsive and in a mutant line (147) that is not stress responsive. in line 101, the 20e content was higher and e content lower in females than in males. the abundance of e and 20e in females of line 147 was significantly higher than that in females of line 101. females of line 101 were found to ... | 2000 | 11210130 |
| biogenic amines in drosophila virilis under stress conditions. | the effect of heat stress (38 degrees c) on the content of dl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine (dopa), dopamine, tyramine, octopamine, and their precursor tyr was studied in adults of two lines of drosophila virilis contrasting in their stress response. in individuals of line 101 responding to stress by a hormonal stress reaction, the contents of dopa, dopamine, octopamine, and tyr were lower than those of line 147 that did not respond to the stress. however, heat stress caused an increase in t ... | 2000 | 11210126 |
| comparative analysis of the nona region in drosophila identifies a highly diverged 5' gene that may constrain nona promoter evolution. | a genomic fragment from drosophila virilis that contained all the no-on-transienta (nona) coding information, plus several kilobases of upstream material, was identified. comparisons of nona sequences and the gene nona-like in d. melanogaster, a processed duplication of nona, suggest that it arose before the split between d. melanogaster and d. virilis. in both species, another gene that lies <350 bp upstream from the nona transcription starts, and that probably corresponds to the lethal gene l( ... | 2001 | 11156994 |
| genetic control of biogenic-amine systems in drosophila under normal and stress conditions. | the contents of octopamine and its precursors (tyrosine and tyramine) were studied in adults of two lines of drosophila virilis with contrasting stress responses. it was demonstrated that in individuals responding to stress by a hormonal stress reaction (line 101), the contents of octopamine and tyrosine are lower than in nonresponding flies (line 147). it was found that there is no difference between the lines in the level of tyramine under normal conditions. the dopamine response to stressor w ... | 2000 | 11091907 |
| [genetic characteristics of the wing mutation odd(22) and its interaction with alleles of the delta locus in drosophila virilis]. | the dominant sex-linked semilethal mutation odd22 was isolated from progeny of a dysgenic cross of drosophila virilis lines. flies homozygous, heterozygous, and hemizygous for odd22 displayed multiple wing defects, including enlargements and gaps on the veins; irregularly thickened, branched, shortened, or completely reduced veins; and cuts on the wing margin. the most remarkable feature of the odd22 expression was a combination of both an increase and a reduction of the wing vein material simul ... | 2000 | 11033775 |
| mobile elements and chromosomal evolution in the virilis group of drosophila. | species of the virilis group of drosophila differ by multiple inversions and chromosome fusions that probably accompanied, or led to, speciation. drosophila virilis has the primitive karyotype for the group, and natural populations are exceptional in having no chromosomal polymorphisms. we report that the genomic locations of penelope and ulysses transposons are nonrandomly distributed in 12 strains of d. virilis. furthermore, penelope and ulysses insertion sites in d. virilis show a statistical ... | 2000 | 11016976 |
| invasion of drosophila virilis by the penelope transposable element. | the penelope family of transposable elements (tes) is broadly distributed in most species of the virilis species group of drosophila. this element plays a pivotal role in hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis, in which at least four additional te families are also activated. here we present evidence that the penelope family of elements has recently invaded d. virilis. this evidence includes: (1) a patchy geographical distribution, (2) genomic locations mainly restricted to euchromatic chromoso ... | 2000 | 11007494 |
| evidence for selection at the fused locus of drosophila virilis. | the genomic dna sequence of a 2.4-kb region of the x-linked developmental gene fused was determined in 15 drosophila virilis strains. one common replacement polymorphism is observed, where a negatively charged aspartic amino acid is replaced by the noncharged amino acid alanine. this replacement variant is located within the serine/threonine kinase domain of the fused gene and is present in approximately 50% of the sequences in our sample. significant linkage disequilibrium is detected around th ... | 2000 | 10924468 |
| [the heat-shock reaction is disturbed in a drosophila virilis strain incapable of a neurohormonal stress reaction]. | cellular stress response was investigated in two lines of d. virilis: wild type and line with disturbed neurohormonal stress-reaction. analysis of proteins, synthesized in salivary glands of larvae of both lines under heat stress, revealed malfunction in heat shock reaction of mutant specimen. this malfunction expresses in decreased level of heat shock protein synthesis. analysis of electrophoretic spectra of proteins from homogenates of imagoes of both lines maintained under normal conditions a ... | 2008 | 10920860 |
| inheritance of species differences in female receptivity and song requirement between drosophila virilis and d. montana. | females of two drosophila virilis group species, d. virilis and d. montana, have different requirements for the courting males. in the present study we have examined species differences in female receptivity and male courtship song requirement using females' acceptance signal instead of copulation for measuring female readiness to mate. behavior of d. virilis and d. montana females and f1 and backcross hybrid females was observed in a single-pair courtships with d. virilis and d. montana males a ... | 1999 | 10783530 |
| localization of genes affecting species differences in male courtship song between drosophila virilis and d. littoralis. | the males of six species of the drosophila virilis group (including d. virilis) keep their wings extended while producing a train of sound pulses, where the pulses follow each other without any pause. the males of the remaining five species of the group produce only one sound pulse during each wing extension/vibration, which results in species-specific songs with long pauses (in d. littoralis about 300 ms) between successive sound pulses. genetic analyses of the differences between the songs of ... | 2000 | 10740919 |
| gregarious development in alysiine parasitoids evolved through a reduction in larval aggression. | population genetic models have suggested that siblicide between the larvae of parasitoid wasps, once gained, can be lost only under stringent conditions, making transitions from solitary to gregarious development rare. however, phylogenetic studies suggest that gregarious development has evolved on numerous occasions, although the mechanisms are largely unknown. we report experiments, on two morphologically similar species of alysiine braconids, directed at an understanding of how gregarious dev ... | 1999 | 10413549 |
| gypsy group retrotransposon tv1 from drosophila virilis. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 6868 bp full-size retrotransposon termed 'tv1'. tv1 was isolated from the dna fraction of extracellular virus-like particles of drosophila virilis culture cells. tv1 has the typical structure for a gypsy-group retrotransposon. the tv1 element was found to be flanked by 453 bp long terminal direct repeats identical to each other. the central part of the element contains three long open reading frames which resemble the gag, pol and env genes of re ... | 1999 | 10571049 |
| [invasion of a mobile element into wild population of drosophila virilis]. | | 1999 | 10546066 |
| [genes, regulating activity of alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine decarboxylase in drosophila virilis, linked to chromosome 6]. | the linkage group of genes controlling alkaline-phosphatase (ap) and tyrosine-decarboxylase (tdc) activities in drosophila virilis adults was determined. d. virilis strain 160, with all autosomes marked with recessive morphological mutations, was used for the analysis. ap and tdc activities were significantly higher in strain 160 than in strain 147. the analysis of f2 hybrids, which carried one chromosome (one or both homologues) of strain 147 and the rest of strain 160, allowed the assignment o ... | 1999 | 10330612 |
| structure and evolution of a pair-rule interaction element: runt regulatory sequences in d. melanogaster and d. virilis. | pair-rule genes serve two important functions during drosophila development: they first initiate periodic patterns, and subsequently interact with each other to refine these patterns to the precision required for definition of segmental compartments. previously, we described a pair-rule input region of the runt gene. here we further characterize this region through the use of reporter gene constructs and by comparison with corresponding sequences from drosophila virilis. we find that many but no ... | 1999 | 10096066 |
| the drosophila virilis alcohol dehydrogenase catalytic residues are conserved. | | 1999 | 10093214 |
| clock-spiking cells not only in the eye of the fly, but also in the antenna! | during the course of single cell olfactory recordings from the funicular part of the antenna of drosophila virilis we encountered a pair of cells firing synchronously and consistently at a rate of about 9 to 14 spikes per second. every spike was seen to consist of a spike complex made up of two separate biphasic components thought to originate from two separate cells. the larger action potential, appearing first, had a peak-to-peak (ptp) amplitude of up to 200 microv followed closely by a smalle ... | 1998 | 9949554 |
| variation and consistency of female preferences for simulated courtship songs in drosophila virilis. | to study the variation and consistency of song preferences in drosophila virilis females, we played them species-specific song and songs with modified sound pulses and/or interpulse intervals on 3 consecutive days. species-specific song was played again on the fourth day. all playbacks were done without the presence of males. about 62% of the females indicated their readiness to mate by spreading their wings in at least one of the trials. the proportion of the females responding to species-speci ... | 1999 | 10196051 |
| the formation of the functional chorion structure of drosophila virilis involves inercalation of the "middle" and "late" major chorion proteins: a general model for chorion assembly in drosophilidae. | we have shown by in vitro development of staged follicles in the presence of tritiated proline, as well as by immunoblot analysis, that the dvs19 and dvs15 chorion proteins of drosophila virilis are synthesized by the follicular epithelium and are incorporated in the chorion at the terminal stages of choriogenesis. light microscopy immunolocalization has revealed that these two proteins represent structural components of the endochorion in all the specialized regions of the eggshell, while, cont ... | 1998 | 9917140 |
| the y chromosomes of drosophila lummei and d. novamexicana differ in fertility factors. | many first-generation interspecific hybrids between the five species of the drosophila virilis subgroup are fertile. fertile hybrids can be utilized in the analysis of sterile hybrids, by creating new combinations of genetic elements to identify cross-incompatible chromosomes or chromosome segments. here, crosses starting from d. lummei, d. virilis, d. novamexicana and d. americana were produced to analyse the 96.4% male sterility in the progeny of d. virilis females mated with d. novamexicana m ... | 1998 | 9881450 |
| [the delta locus in drosophila virilis: alleles, wing phenotypes and genetic interactions]. | a considerable number of delta (d1) alleles resulting from spontaneous mutation or induced by following x-ray irradiation have been isolated on the basis of the dominant phenotype consisting of disrupted wing venation and associated with heterozygosity for different d1 alleles. the l2 "delta" forming at the wing margin is the most characteristic fully penetrant phenotype of d1-heterozygous adults. the structure disruption of all other longitudinal (l3-l5) and cross (c1 and c2) veins including fo ... | 2015 | 9879114 |
| immunolocalization of the temporally "early" secreted major structural chorion proteins, dvs38 and dvs36, in the eggshell layers and regions of drosophila virilis. | we have shown by means of conventional electron microscopy that the eggshell of drosophila virilis at the main body of the laid egg consists of the vitelline membrane and the multilayered chorion, which includes the wax layer, the innermost chorionic layer, the endochorion, and the exochorion, while several specialized regions of the eggshell are seen across the anterior-posterior axis of the egg. biochemical analysis revealed the existence of six quantitatively enriched chorion proteins. among ... | 1998 | 9843665 |
| [genes, controlling the response of the juvenile hormone degradation system to stress in the drosophila virilis imago, linked to chromosome 6]. | chromosome localization of the gene controlling the stress response of dfp-sensitive juvenile hormone (jh) esterase in females of drosophila virilis was conducted. line 160 of d. virilis carrying recessive markers on all chromosomes was used as a tester. mature females of line 160 were shown to exhibit a high level of jh hydrolysis; these flies responded to stress by a sharp decrease in jh hydrolysis. flies from line 147 lacked this response. thus, mature females of lines 160 and 147 had differe ... | 1998 | 9719911 |
| factors contributing to the hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in drosophila virilis. | a hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in drosophila virilis is associated with the mobilization of at least four unrelated transposable elements designated helena, paris, penelope and ulysses. we carried out 42 crosses between eight strains differing in transposable element copy number in order to assess their contributions to hybrid dysgenesis. linear regression and stepwise regression analysis was performed to estimate the correlation between the difference in euchromatic transposable element number be ... | 1998 | 9717433 |
| expression of wingless in the drosophila embryo: a conserved cis-acting element lacking conserved ci-binding sites is required for patched-mediated repression. | patterning of the drosophila embryo depends on the accurate expression of wingless (wg), which encodes a secreted signal required for segmentation and many other processes. early expression of wg is regulated by the nuclear proteins of the gap and pair-rule gene classes but, after gastrulation, wg transcription is also dependent on cell-cell communication. signaling to the wg-producing cells is mediated by the secreted protein, hedgehog (hh), and by cubitus interruptus (ci), a transcriptional ef ... | 1998 | 9502727 |
| metabolic evolution in alpha-amylases from drosophila virilis and d. repleta, two species with different ecological niches. | alpha-amylases from drosophila virilis and d. repleta were partially purified by ion exchange chromatography. the two amylases share common characteristics for ph and cations effects, although with slight differences. d. virilis has optimal activity at ph 6.6 and d. repleta at ph 7.2. calcium, sodium, and potassium cations activate amylolytic activity in both species but ba2+ has an activation effect in d. repleta only. in contrast, there are major differences in thermal offbility and kinetics a ... | 1998 | 9629672 |
| [transcriptional activity of the br-c locus in drosophila virilis]. | the locus br-c, responsible for cell reaction to the hormone ecdysterone in drosophila virilis, was previously cloned and mapped. this locus occupies a region of about 100 kb. to define exon location and a mode of d. virilis br-c expression at different stages of development (embryos; first, second, and third instar; early, middle and late pupae; adult flies), northern blot hybridization was conducted. poly(a)+ rna, isolated from d. virilis flies at these developmental stages, was hybridized wit ... | 1998 | 9612701 |
| [the delta locus in drosophila virilis: cloning and chromosome mapping]. | | 1998 | 9541803 |
| corrigendum to: 'sequence, molecular organization and products of the drosophila virilis homologs of the d. melanogaster nested genes lethal(2) tumorous imaginal discs | | 1998 | 9524258 |
| trash dna is what gets thrown away: high rate of dna loss in drosophila. | we have recently described a novel method of estimating neutral rates and patterns of spontaneous mutation (petrov et al., 1996). this method takes advantage of the propensity of non-ltr retrotransposable elements to create non-functional, 'dead-on-arrival' copies as a product of transposition. maximum parsimony analysis is used to separate the evolution of actively transposing lineages of a non-ltr element from the fate of individual inactive insertions, and thereby allows one to assess directl ... | 1997 | 9461402 |
| interspecific rna in situ hybridization reveals perinuclear mastermind transcripts in drosophila virilis. | | 1996 | 8583901 |
| the pvb370 bamhi satellite dna family of the drosophila virilis group and its evolutionary relation to mobile dispersed genetic pdv elements. | the pvb370 bamhi tandemly repeated satellite dna family was isolated and analyzed in eight species of the drosophila virilis group and is probably common to all its members. unexpectedly, the satellite dna family showed similar levels of intra- and interspecific sequence variability. an embl gene-bank search revealed a high degree of similarity between the members of the pvb370 bamhi satellite dna sequence family and the direct terminal repeats of the mobile dispersed genetic pdv elements descri ... | 1995 | 7490775 |
| conserved alternative splicing patterns and splicing signals in the drosophila sodium channel gene para. | we cloned genomic dna corresponding to the drosophila virilis homologue of para, a gene encoding a sodium channel alpha-subunit, and obtained many partial cdna clones from embryos and adults. para protein has been well conserved, and the optional elements at six different sites of alternative splicing in d. melanogaster are present in d. virilis, in addition to one new optional exon. among 31 different splice-types observed in d. virilis, the stage-specific pattern of alternative splicing seen i ... | 1995 | 8536968 |
| [genetic analysis of differences in alkaline phosphatase activity in two drosophila virilis strains differing in heat stress response]. | genetic control of changes in alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in adult individuals from two strains of drosophila virilis under normal conditions and at a high temperature (38 degrees c). flies from strain 101 responded to the heat shock with a reduction in enzyme activity, whereas flies from strain 147 lacked this response. strains 101 and 147 were shown to differ in alkaline phosphatase activity at a normal temperature. genetic analysis of these differences was performed. they were s ... | 1996 | 8647425 |
| vitellogenetic defects in hybrids of the species pair drosophila virilis and drosophila texana. | in interspecific matings between the species drosophila virilis and drosophila texana, female sterility can be observed in f2 backcross females and in f2 hybrid females. the results presented in this report show that the female sterility, whenever it exists, is due to prevention of vitellogenin synthesis in the fat body, but other abnormalities such as defects with the hybrid ovaries are not excluded. the observation that sterility appears among females from backcrosses suggests that incompatibi ... | 1996 | 8754280 |
| germline transformation of drosophila virilis mediated by the transposable element hobo. | a laboratory strain of drosophila virilis was genetically transformed with a hobo vector carrying the miniwhite cassette using a helper plasmid with an hsp70-driven hobo transposase-coding sequence. the rate of transformation was 0.5% per fertile go animal. three transgenic insertions were cloned and characterized and found to be authentic hobo insertions. these results, together with the known widespread distribution of hobo in diverse insect species, suggest that hobo and related transposable ... | 1996 | 8770594 |
| [a comparative analysis of the expression of the betaest2 gene in the ontogeny of the drosophila virilis group]. | we studied expression of gene betaest2 controlling synthesis of non-specific carboxylesterase (ec 3.1.1.1) in ontogenesis of drosophila group virilis. it was established that in all sibling species of this group, except d. lummei, beta-esterase is found at all developmental stages: in larvae, pupae, and imago. in d. lummei beta-esterase is found at the imago stage only. analysis of 17 laboratory strains of d. lummei of various geographical origin has shown that the absence of the gene betaest2 e ... | 2006 | 7708383 |
| [the enzymes of juvenile hormone metabolism in drosophila virilis ontogeny]. | time-related changes in the activity of enzymes that degrade the juvenile hormone, epoxide hydrolase, and juvenile hormone esterase, was studied in two strains (101 and 147) of drosophila virilis. the changes of the juvenile hormone titer during the pupal-imaginal development of d.virilis are determined by the juvenile hormone esterase activity, rather than epoxide hydrolase. among the two forms of juvenile hormone esterase present in d. virilis, one is diisopropylphosphofluoridate-sensitive and ... | 2009 | 8725439 |
| incompatibilities between y chromosome and autosomes are responsible for male hybrid sterility in crosses between drosophila virilis and drosophila texana. | crosses between drosophila virilis and d. texana produce viable and fertile f1 males and females. when f1 males are backcrossed to either parental species they also produced fertile sons. however, about one-third of f1 males carrying the d. texana y chromosome are sterile. when fertile f1 males with the d. texana y chromosome are crossed to d. virilis, about three quarters of the sons are sterile. we show that these sterilities result from incompatibilities between the d. texana y chromosome and ... | 1996 | 8801221 |
| [role of juvenile hormone metabolism in the adaptation of drosophila populations to stressful environmental conditions]. | the effect of heat stress on the system of degradation of juvenile hormone (jh) and on fertility of drosophila virilis and d. melanogaster was studied. in wild-type strains of both species, stress resulted in delay of oviposition and in a decrease in jh hydrolysis and fertility, which lasted for several days after heat treatment. experimental repression of juvenile hormone esterase showed that stress response of the drosophila reproductive system is determined by the decrease in jh hydrolysis. f ... | 1996 | 9026460 |
| songs produced by the females of the drosophila virilis group of species. | females of the drosophila virilis group of species may vibrate their wings during courtship producing songs consisting of trains of successive sound pulses (pulse song) or sinusoidal hums (sine song). in the present study we describe these songs and study their role in courtship using a transition analysis. to find out which songs should be classified as pulse songs and which ones as sine songs, we studied the inheritance of different song types in interspecific f1 hybrids. in only a few species ... | 1994 | 7945156 |
| dna sequence variation at the period locus reveals the history of species and speciation events in the drosophila virilis group. | the virilis phylad of the drosophila virilis group consists of five closely related taxa: d. virilis, d. lummei, d. novamexicana, d. americana americana and d. americana texana. dna sequences from a 2.1-kb pair portion of the period locus were generated in four to eight individuals from each of the five taxa. we found evidence of recombination and high levels of variation within species. we found no evidence of recent natural selection. surprisingly there was no evidence of divergence between d. ... | 1996 | 8913746 |
| ovarian defects in hybrids of the species pair drosophila virilis and drosophila texana. | in interspecific matings between drosophila virilis and drosophila texana female sterility is observed in f2 hybrid females. a previous study has shown that no vitellogenin synthesis occurs in the fat body of sterile hybrid females. the results presented in this paper show that hybrid ovaries of sterile females transplanted into the abdomens of females of the parental species are not able to develop upon maturity. with few exceptions, the hybrid ovaries remained alive in the host environment, bu ... | 1997 | 9094211 |
| modern thoughts on an ancyent marinere: function, evolution, regulation. | the mariner/tc1 superfamily of transposable elements is one of the most diverse and widespread class ii transposable elements. within the larger assemblage, the mariner-like elements (mles) and the tc1-like elements (tles) are distinct families differing characteristically in the composition of the "d,d(35)e" cation-binding domain. based on levels of sequence similarity, the elements in each family can be subdivided further into several smaller subfamilies. mles and tles both have an extraordina ... | 1997 | 9442899 |
| [genetic analysis of differences in dopamine metabolism in two drosophila virilis lines under normal conditions and under heat stress]. | the results of genetic analysis of the differences in dopamine (da) content between two lines of drosophila virilis in response to heat stress are presented. the gene(s) controlling the differences in da content under normal conditions is located on the x-chromosome, and the gene(s) controlling the differences in responsiveness of da system to stress was found to be autosomal. by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also examined phenoloxidase activity in these lines under normal cond ... | 1993 | 8370505 |
| penelope, a new family of transposable elements and its possible role in hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis. | a hybrid dysgenesis syndrome occurs in drosophila virilis when males from an established laboratory strain are crossed to females obtained from the wild, causing the simultaneous mobilization of several different transposable elements. the insertion sequence responsible for the mutant phenotype of a dysgenic yellow allele has been characterized and named penelope. in situ hybridization and southern analyses reveal the presence of more than 30 copies of this element in the p-like parental strain, ... | 1997 | 8990185 |
| [an electron microscopic study of the structure of the spermatozoa from sterile males from a crossing of drosophila virilis x drosophila lummei]. | using electron microscope, we have studied structure of the tail region of developing spermatozoa in sterile hybrid males fb1 and f2 resulting from d. virilis x d. lummei crosses, as well as in fertile males of d. virilis. multiple disturbances in the structure of spermatid plasma membrane have been found in sterile males. the membrane is interrupted in many points; this is particularly apparent in the outer thicker layer. the adjacent nucleus (an) of spermatids of hybrids also differs from that ... | 2006 | 9289678 |
| [n-acetylation of biogenic amines in drosophila virilis]. | in adults of two drosophila virilis lines displaying different genetically determined reactions to stress, n-acetyl-transferase (nat) activity against substrates dopamine and octapamine was studied. sexual dimorphism was characteristic of nat activity when octapamine served as a substrate. however, in the case of dopamine, this phenomenon was not found. this suggests that two different enzymes with n-acetyltransferase activities exist in d. virilis. the flies of the studied lines were not shown ... | 1997 | 9289416 |
| point mutations in the drosophila hairy gene demonstrate in vivo requirements for basic, helix-loop-helix, and wrpw domains. | the drosophila pair-rule gene, hairy (h), encodes a nuclear basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) protein that regulates embryonic segmentation and adult bristle patterning. in both cases, the h protein behaves as a transcriptional repressor. in this study, we determined the molecular nature of 12 h alleles. one mutation maps within the hlh domain, consistent with h function requiring homodimerization or heterodimerization with other hlh proteins. a second mutation lies in the basic domain, suggesting t ... | 1992 | 1588951 |
| [genetic control of drosophila virilis tyrosine decarboxylase activity]. | tyrosine decarboxylase (tdc) activity was studied in flies of two drosophila virilis lines having contrasting response to stress. lines 101 and 147 exhibited different tdc activity. genetic analysis of these differences was performed. tdc activity was shown to be controlled by one gene or a block of tightly linked genes. the gene controlling tdc activity was mapped to one autosome but not to chromosome 2. in line 101, short-term heat stress (38 degrees c, 60 min) resulted in reduction in tdc act ... | 1997 | 9378287 |
| [genetic control of dfp-sensitive juvenile hormone esterase activity in drosophila virilis]. | genetic analysis of differences in the activity of dfp-sensitive juvenile hormone esterase in 24-hour-old d. virilis flies was performed. lines of d. virilis resistant and sensitive to long-term heat stress were analyzed under normal conditions. the level of juvenile hormone hydrolysis by this esterase was higher in the resistant than in the sensitive line. interlinear differences in the enzyme activity were shown to be controlled monogenically or by a block of tightly linked genes. the allele o ... | 1997 | 9378288 |
| role of dopa decarboxylase and n-acetyl transferase in regulation of dopamine content in drosophila virilis under normal and heat stress conditions. | activity levels of dopa decarboxylase (ddc), an enzyme responsible for dopamine (da) synthesis, and of n-acetyl transferase (nat), an enzyme responsible for its degradation, were studied under normal and stress conditions in two lines of drosophila virilis which are in contrast concerning their da content under normal conditions and its alterations under stress. interlinear differences in ddc activity were detected, and genetic analysis was carried out. it was found out that neither ddc nor nat ... | 2013 | 9443373 |
| species-specific differences in tissue-specific expression of alcohol dehydrogenase are under the control of complex cis-acting loci: evidence from drosophila hybrids. | differences in the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase in the hindgut and testis of adult drosophila virilis, d. texana, d. novamexicana and d. borealis flies were observed. these heritable differences do not arise due to chromosomal rearrangements, since the polytene chromosome banding patterns did not reveal any such gross chromosomal rearrangements near the adh locus in any of the tested species. analysis of the interspecific hybrids revealed that these differences are controlled by complex c ... | 1991 | 1820022 |
| discordant rates of chromosome evolution in the drosophila virilis species group. | in drosophila, the availability of polytene chromosome maps and of sets of probes covering most regions of the chromosomes allows a direct comparison of the organization of the genome in different species. in this work, we report the localization, in drosophila virilis, d. montana, and d. novamexicana, of > 100 bacteriophage pi clones containing approximately 65 kilobase inserts of genomic dna from d. virilis. each clone hybridizes with a single euchromatic site in either chromosome 1 or chromos ... | 1997 | 9286682 |
| sequence, molecular organization and products of the drosophila virilis homologs of the d. melanogaster nested genes lethal(2) tumorous imaginal discs [1(2)tid] and lethal(2) neighbour of tid [1(2)not]. | in this study, we describe the isolation of the drosophila virilis (dvir) 6201-bp genomic fragment homologous to a 7047-bp genomic region of d. melanogaster (dmel) that harbors the nested genes lethal(2) tumorous imaginal discs (l(2)tid), lethal(2) neighbour of tid (l(2)not) and lethal(2) relative of tid (l(2)rot). the isolated fragment, which maps at the cytogenetic position 50a5 on chromosome 5, carries the dvir homologs of the dmel genes l(2)tid and l(2)not. in both cases, the interspecific c ... | 1997 | 9434170 |
| the genetic basis of a species-specific character in the drosophila virilis species group. | the genetic basis of the species-specific dorsal abdominal stripe of drosophila novamexicana was examined. the dorsal stripe is present in d. novamexicana and absent in all other members of the drosophila virilis species group. interspecific crosses between d. novamexicana and genetically marked d. virilis revealed that all four of the autosomes (except the tiny dot chromosome, which was not marked) and the sex chromosomes (the x and y chromosome effects could not be disentangled) showed a signi ... | 1991 | 2071018 |
| diverse transposable elements are mobilized in hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis. | we describe a system of hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila virilis in which at least four unrelated transposable elements are all mobilized following a dysgenic cross. the data are largely consistent with the superposition of at least three different systems of hybrid dysgenesis, each repressing a different transposable element, which break down following the hybrid cross, possibly because they share a common pathway in the host. the data are also consistent with a mechanism in which mobilization o ... | 1995 | 7644536 |
| [genetic analysis of differences in metabolism of juvenile hormone in lines of drosophila virilis resistant and sensitive to heat stress]. | the metabolism of juvenile hormone (jh) in imagos of two drosophila species (d. virilis and d. melanogaster) was studied in the normal state and after short-term heat stress. females of both species respond to stress by a decrease in the activity of jh esterase. this decrease is realized through a decrease in the amount of protein. jh metabolism in males does not change after heat stress. genetic analysis of differences in the activity of dpf-resistant jh esterase in stress-sensitive and stress- ... | 1995 | 7721060 |
| chromosomal rearrangement in(2)ty and linkage maps of the second chromosome of drosophila virilis. | a chromosomal rearrangement in(2)ty, found in a natural population of drosophila virilis, was examined cytologically, and its genetical characterization was carried out by the use of some marker isozymes and visible marker loci. from the interspecific hybridization between d. virilis and d. americana or d. texana, we deduced that the origin of in(2)ty was from a member of a closely related species of virilis. | 1991 | 2064801 |
| [an analysis of the protein product of the tissue-specific gene est-s in drosophila virilis]. | | 1991 | 2055151 |
| [an "unusual" stress-activated drosophila virilis 20cd puff: cytologic localization of the thermostable locus and characteristics of the reaction to heat shock]. | using a series of chromosome aberrations heat shock (hs) inducible site of 20cd drosophila virilis hs puff was cytologically localized in distal 20c subdivision: the hs puff was not observed in chromosome 2 carrying df(2)eb deficiency; the bands in proximal 20d subdivision are unable to provide autonomous activation by hs in aberrant chromosomes having this deficiency or the in(2)eb inversion. electron microscopical analysis of successive stages of 20cd development showed the hs puff to be initi ... | 1991 | 2037255 |
| sequence evolution of the gpdh gene in the drosophila virilis species group. | the nucleotide sequence of the gpdh gene from six taxa, d. virilis, d. lummei, d. novamexicana, d. a. americana, d. a. texana and d. ezoana, belonging to the virilis species group was determined to examine details of evolutionary change in the structure of the gpdh gene. the gpdh gene is comprised of one 5' non-translated region, eight exons, seven introns and three 3' non-translated regions. exon/intron organization was identical in all the species examined, but different from that of mammals. ... | 1995 | 8522168 |
| induction of diaphorase-1 by dicoumarol in drosophila virilis larvae. | drosophila diaphorase-1 (dia-1) is an enzyme similar to mammalian dt-diaphorase and is inhibited in vitro by dicoumarol. however, a ten-fold increase in dia-1 activity was observed when third instar drosophila virilis larvae were fed on a diet containing 0.1 m dicoumarol for 48 h. this induction was shown to be dose dependent and immunoprecipitation experiments with dia-1 anti-serum demonstrated an increase in the dia-1 protein level in dicoumarol-treated larvae. the induction of dia1 by dicouma ... | 1995 | 7537551 |
| [tyrosine hydroxylase activity in drosophila virilis in normal conditions and under heat stress]. | | 1991 | 1725146 |
| viability of first and second generation hybrids of drosophila virilis and drosophila lummei. | f1 hybrids of d. virilis and d. lummei survived significantly worse than the parents. when d. virilis was the mother, larger proportion of hybrids failed to emerge from pupal case, but overall survival rate of reciprocals was about the same. viability of different heterospecific combinations of sex chromosomes and autosomes was studied in backcrosses. all the sex chromosomes survived well on the background of all-heterozygous autosomes. hemizygous x was reciprocally subvital with homozygous alie ... | 1990 | 2292491 |
| genetic analysis of variation in the number of primary spermatocytes per cyst in drosophila virilis. | two experiments were performed with the aim of clarifying the genetic basis of variation in the number of primary spermatocytes per cyst in the b12 strain of drosophila virilis and identifying the chromosome responsible for the variation. first, crosses between b12, showing a mean cell number of 11.81, and strain tk with a mean of 7.91, were performed. from the results obtained, it was considered that there were two factors, i.e., a recessive gene and certain modifiers, which shifted the cell nu ... | 1990 | 2248785 |
| [identification and ultrastructural characteristics of retrotransposon tv1 virus-like particles in drosophila virilis cells]. | | 1994 | 7858512 |
| molecular cloning of the drosophila virilis larval glue protein gene lgp-3 and its comparative analysis with other drosophila glue protein genes. | dna comprising the larval glue protein gene lgp-3 of drosophila virilis was isolated from a lambda genomic and a cdna library. the transcription start site, two polyadenylation sites and the boundaries of the single intron were determined. an open reading frame encoding 379 amino acids was found. at the dna level the presence of similar introns and three conserved sequence motifs in the proximal promoters suggest that the gene is related to those of the d. virilis lgp-1 and the d. melanogaster s ... | 1994 | 7918662 |
| recognizing the forest for the trees: testing temporal patterns of cladogenesis using a null model of stochastic diversification. | computer simulations are developed and employed to examine the expected temporal distributions of nodes under a null model of stochastic lineage bifurcation and extinction. these markovian models of phylogenetic process were constructed so as to permit direct comparisons against empirical phylogenetic trees generated from molecular or other information available solely from extant species. for replicate simulated phylads with n extant species, cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) of branchi ... | 1996 | 8754219 |
| genes from two intermoult puffs in drosophila virilis polytene chromosomes are differentially transcribed during larval development. | genes from two drosophila virilis intermoult puffs were isolated by microcloning. from puff 16a on the x-chromosome a 2.9 kb dna fragment was obtained, which hybridizes with three transcripts. two of them represent the mrnas for larval glue proteins. they are found in different abundancies in third larval instar salivary glands, but also in minor amounts in midgut and in fat body. in puff 55e on chromosome iii two genes were identified. they are transcribed exclusively in salivary glands during ... | 1990 | 2351068 |
| [the characteristics of the progeny of irradiated males from 2 lines of drosophila virilis differing by the level of genetic instability]. | | 1990 | 2226154 |
| genetic analysis of drosophila virilis sex pheromone: genetic mapping of the locus producing z-(11)-pentacosene. | z-(11)-pentacosene, drosophila virilis sex pheromone, is predominant among the female cuticular hydrocarbons and can elicit male courtship behaviours. to evaluate the genetic basis of its production, interspecific crosses between d. novamexicana and genetically marked d. virilis were made and hydrocarbon profiles of their backcross progeny were analysed. the production of z-(11)-pentacosene was autosomally controlled and was recessive. of the six d. virilis chromosomes only the second and the th ... | 1996 | 8772423 |
| a comparative analysis of juvenile hormone metabolyzing enzymes in two species of drosophila during development. | the course of changes in the activities of enzymes degrading juvenile hormone (jh), epoxyde hydrolase (jheh) and jh-esterase (jhe) was studied in two lines of drosophila virilis (101 and 147) and in two lines of d. melanogaster (canton-s and 921283). it was established for d. virilis that changes in the jh titre during pupal-adult development is determined by the activity level of jhe rather then jheh, while in d. melanogaster developmental changes in jh titre are related to changes in the activ ... | 2009 | 9014329 |
| [primary structure of the esterase s gene from drosophila virilis]. | complete nucleotide sequence of the esterase s gene of drosophila virilis has been determined. the length of the gene from the transcription initiation site down to the polyadenylation signal is about 1850 bp. conceptual translation of the dna sequence reveals a protein 549 amino acid residues long, its presumptive active site being highly similar to active sites of the known esterases of insects and mammals. | 1989 | 2783177 |
| single amino acid substitutions in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase allozymes from drosophila virilis. | the amino acid sequence was compared among the three allelic variants (allozymes) of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in d. virilis, which are detected by one-dimensional electrophoresis. the alpha gpdhf variant was different from the alpha gpdhm by only one substitution of 68-lysine for asparagine; alpha gpdhs differed from alpha gpdhm by substitution of 127-glycine for arginine. no electrophoretically 'silent' substitutions were found in a total of 352 amino acid residues. | 1989 | 2924883 |
| drosophila virilis cu-zn superoxide dismutase gene sequence. | | 1989 | 2928122 |
| [tv1--a new family of drosophila virilis retrotransposons]. | a new method for isolation and cloning of functionally active retrotransposons was proposed and tested. the method is based on the hypothesis about the universal character of retrotransposition through reverse transcription. a new retrotransposon family (tvl) was coned from the drosophila virilis genome. a full-length tvl copy was 7 kb. the cell line under consideration contained 500-1000 tvl copies per cell, i.e., it accounted for 0.3% of the genome. tvl rna, detected in the cell culture, was a ... | 1994 | 8045392 |
| expression of dispersed 36 bp sequences in drosophila virilis. | a major fraction of mobile dispersed elements described in drosophila virilis (pdv elements) consists of tandem 36 bp repeats. these repeat units were cloned into puc19 and used as a hybridization probe. dna blotting showed that these 36 bp repeats in the d. virilis genome are included in rather large (5-6 kb) structural and probably functional domains. the 36 bp repeat units in the d. virilis and d. lummei genomes exist in three different orientations relative to one another, i.e. tail-to-tail, ... | 1989 | 2470555 |
| effects of intragenic recombination on est-alpha allele frequencies in natural populations of drosophila virilis. | relationships between the occurrence frequencies of intragenic recombinants and the allele frequencies at the est-alpha locus were examined in two ecological populations of drosophila virilis. the effective occurrence rate of recombinant alleles is on the average 0.95 x 10(-5). the effects of the recombination were slightly recognized in terms of the allele frequencies. | 1989 | 2631807 |
| [the est locus of drosophila virilis contains two related genes]. | | 1989 | 2791866 |
| [an alternative promotor of the esterase s gene of drosophila virilis leads to the formation of unusual mrna in cells of imaginal disks]. | | 1989 | 2758969 |
| [two forms of juvenile-hormone-esterase in drosophila virilis]. | | 1994 | 8167594 |
| tyrosine decarboxylase and dopa decarboxylase in drosophila virilis under normal conditions and heat stress: genetic and physiological aspects. | the activity of tyrosine decarboxylase (tdc) and dopa decarboxylase (ddc) was studied in adults of two lines of drosophila virilis, contrasting in their reaction to stress conditions. differences were found in the activity of both enzymes between individuals of the examined lines. genetic analysis of these differences was made. each of the two enzymes was found to be controlled by a single gene or, possibly, by a block of closely linked genes. the gene responsible for tdc activity is located on ... | 1997 | 9241434 |
| [genomic incompatibility in drosophila virilis sturt. x drosophila lummei hackman hybrids]. | genetic analysis of male sterility in drosophila virilis x d. lummei hybrids was performed. it was shown that hybrid male sterility was caused mainly by incompatibility of sex chromosomes x and y and homozygous chromosome 2 of d. virilis with other autosomes of d. lummei. genes of chromosomes 3 and 5 enhanced sterility whereas genes of chromosome 4 suppressed its development. factors controlling hybrid male sterility were demonstrated to have a recessive type of inheritance. at 17 degrees c, chr ... | 1997 | 9206663 |
| [genetic analysis of differences in dopa decarboxylase activity between two drosophila virilis lines differing in dopamine content]. | activity of dopa decarboxylase (ddc) in two drosophila virilis lines differing in dopamine (da) content was investigated. the activity was shown to be significantly higher in flies with lower da content. a possible reason for this phenomenon is discussed. genetic analysis of the difference showed that ddc activity in drosophila virilis is controlled by single autosomal gene (or a cluster of tightly linked genes). | 1997 | 9244765 |
| [genetic control of the stress response of the system of juvenile hormone metabolism in drosophila virilis]. | metabolism of juvenile hormone (jh) in 11-day-old d. virilis flies from resistant and sensitive lines and in hybrids of these lines was analyzed after short-term heat stress (4 h, 38 degrees c). the level of jh hydrolysis after stress remained constant in the sensitive line, but drastically decreased in the resistant one. between-line differences of the metabolic jh response to stress were shown to be controlled monogenically or by a block of closely linked genes. the allele of the resistant lin ... | 1997 | 9162697 |
| secondary courtship songs and inhibitory songs of drosophila virilis-group males. | the males of all drosophila virilis-group species produce primary courtship song; and the males of four of these species also provide secondary courtship song when courting a female. the amount of secondary song and the courtship phase at which it is produced vary according to the species. d. lummei males produce secondary song consisting of successive 12-ms-long sound pulses with 70-ms-long intervals between pulses. d. borealis males produce short and dense pulse trains and d. littoralis and d. ... | 1994 | 8192624 |
| loss of a paternal chromosome causes developmental anomalies among drosophila hybrids. | hybrids between drosophila virilis and d. lummei suffer from developmental anomalies. previous reports also suggest that these hybrids lose the d. lummei sixth chromosome early in development. genetic and cytological data presented here confirm the loss of the microchromosome from both the soma and the germ-line of these hybrids and provide strong evidence that this loss causes the hybrid developmental anomalies. | 1992 | 1428956 |
| characterization of the progeny of x-ray irradiated males from two drosophila virilis strains differing in genetic instability. | significant effects of x-ray treatment on the increase in the number of phenotypic variations, two visible mutations, and chromosome aberrations were found in the progeny of irradiated males from the d. virilis laboratory stock that is capable of hybrid dysgenesis syndrome induction. this effect is much more pronounced than in the progeny of irradiated males from strong wild-type strains studied. a correlation between genetic instability and chromosome radiosensitivity was outlined. the mechanis ... | 1992 | 1378553 |
| ulysses transposable element of drosophila shows high structural similarities to functional domains of retroviruses. | we have determined the dna structure of the ulysses transposable element of drosophila virilis and found that this transposon is 10,653 bp and is flanked by two unusually large direct repeats 2136 bp long. ulysses shows the characteristic organization of ltr-containing retrotransposons, with matrix and capsid protein domains encoded in the first open reading frame. in addition, ulysses contains protease, reverse transcriptase, rnase h and integrase domains encoded in the second open reading fram ... | 1992 | 1318387 |
| conserved dna binding and self-association domains of the drosophila zeste protein. | the zeste gene product is involved in two types of genetic effects dependent on chromosome pairing: transvection and the zeste-white interaction. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with that of the drosophila virilis gene shows that several blocks of amino acid sequence have been very highly conserved. one of these regions corresponds to the dna binding domain. site-directed mutations in this region indicate that a sequence resembling that of the homeodomain dna recognition helix is ... | 1992 | 1732733 |
| [a study of genetic polymorphism of isozymes in natural populations of drosophila virilis in east china]. | a study of genetic variation at est-alpha, est-beta, a my, acph and alpha-gpdh loci in local samples of hefei, wuhu, jiujiang, nanchang, changzhou, fuzhou and quanzhou drosophila virilis population is presented. the employment of standard techniques of polyacrylamide electrophoresis and agarose electrophoresis reveals that the former three loci are highly polymorphic in all these populations. according to the allelic frequency of the 5 loci, a genetic distance between the above-mentioned populat ... | 1992 | 1524853 |
| [isolation of a sequence with characteristics of a mobile element from drosophila virilis cells]. | | 1992 | 1334829 |
| molecular evolution and phylogeny of the drosophila virilis species group as inferred by two-dimensional electrophoresis. | systematic relationship among the 12 species of the drosophila virilis species group, and drosophila robusta, were investigated by the use of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). a total of 389 protein characters (about 200 loci) were scored and analyzed both phylogenetically and phenetically. the resulting phylogeny was found to be largely concordant with the current views of evolution among these species based on other independent morphological, chromosomal, electrophoretic, and immunologic ... | 1991 | 1774789 |
| sterility of male and female hybrids of drosophila virilis and drosophila lummei. | the sterility of interspecific hybrids between the sibling species drosophila virilis and d. lummei was tested in reciprocal f1s and different second generation combinations of cytoplasm, sex chromosomes and autosomes. males with motile sperm and females with at least one mature egg were scored as fertile. when d. virilis was the mother, about 5 per cent of the f1 male progeny was sterile, the reason being that the x of d. virilis was weakly incompatible with the heterozygous second, fourth and ... | 1991 | 1917547 |