| molecular organization of the drosophila melanogaster pig-1 gene. | the pre-intermoult gene-1 (pig-1) of drosophila melanogaster maps on the x chromosome, at polytene bands 3c11-12, and is nested within the 79 kb intron of the dunce gene. pig-1 has so far been characterized only preliminarily and its function is still unknown. we analysed the molecular organization of the gene by cdna clone isolation and sequencing as well as s1 mapping and primer extension analyses. the results obtained reveal that the gene is colinear with its genomic sequence and define the u ... | 1991 | 1769273 |
| chromosomal polymorphism and patterns of viability in natural populations of drosophila melanogaster from cellar and vineyard. | two neighbouring natural populations of drosophila melanogaster have been analysed, one from a cellar habitat and the other from a vineyard outside. an extensive study of inversion polymorphism in the two populations has been carried out. furthermore, the relationship between inversion polymorphism and the viability of the second chromosome has been studied. the data regarding the total frequency of inversion-carrying chromosomes indicate a lower frequency in the cellar population than in the vi ... | 1991 | 1774189 |
| nerve cells of drosophila notch mutant are differentiated inside amphibian brain: a new approach for the analysis of genetic control of nerve cell differentiation. | fragments of the neural primordium of a new notch mutant of drosophila melanogaster produced in our laboratory were transplanted into the neural tube of embryos of 4 amphibian species (caudate and ecaudate) immediately after completion of neurulation. the grafts were identified by using a light microscope, scanning electron miscroscope, and in situ hybridization with mobile genetic elements of drosophila and fluorescent dyes as markers. as has been shown, drosophila nerve cells survive and diffe ... | 1991 | 1778472 |
| chromosome rearrangement by ectopic recombination in drosophila melanogaster: genome structure and evolution. | ectopic recombination between interspersed repeat sequences generates chromosomal rearrangements that have a major impact on genome structure. a survey of ectopic recombination in the region flanking the white locus of drosophila melanogaster identified 25 transposon-mediated rearrangements from four parallel experiments. eighteen of the 25 were generated from females carrying x chromosomes heterozygous for interspersed repeat sequences. the cytogenetic and molecular analyses of the rearrangemen ... | 1991 | 1783293 |
| genetic differentiation and inversion clines in indian natural populations of drosophila melanogaster. | to study the genetic differentiation and inversion clines in indian natural populations of drosophila melanogaster, 14 natural populations (6 from the north and 8 from the south) were screened for chromosome inversions. the chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of 23 paracentric inversions, which include 4 common cosmopolitan, 4 rare cosmopolitan, 2 recurrent endemic, and 13 unique endemic (new inversions detected for the first time) inversions. the difference in karyotype frequencies betwe ... | 1991 | 1783301 |
| [a genetic study of the interaction of piry virus with drosophila]. | piry virus mutants selected for altered growth properties in drosophila melanogaster have previously been designated agd mutants. this paper presents a classification scheme for grouping some of these mutants and also presents the characteristics of some members of each group. analysis, for each agd clone, of the mean incubation time at 20 degrees c relative to the mean incubation time at 28 degrees c (t20,t28), compared to the range of similar data for wild-type virus enabled us to define 4 cla ... | 1991 | 1796217 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a third cyclophilin-homologous gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1558 bp dna fragment from the right arm of chromosome iii of saccharomyces cerevisiae contains an open reading frame of 954 nucleotides with coding potential for a protein with high similarity to the ubiquitous cyclophilins which are both peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases and cyclosporin a-binding proteins. it should, therefore, represent the third gene (scc3) of this kind from s. cerevisiae. scc3 is present in a single copy in the genome of s. cerevisiae and resu ... | 1991 | 1803821 |
| the promoter of dna puff gene ii/9-1 of sciara coprophila is inducible by ecdysone in late prepupal salivary glands of drosophila melanogaster. | dna puffs occur in sciarid salivary gland chromosomes; they are sites of dna amplification and intense transcription and they appear to encode secreted structural proteins needed for pupation. in this report we have used p-element transformation of drosophila to study regulation of a sciara dna puff gene. we found that a 718-bp promoter fragment of dna puff gene ii/9-1 from sciara coprophila directs expression of the bacterial reporter gene cat in late prepupal salivary glands of transgenic dros ... | 1991 | 1809395 |
| increased proportion of antigen-specific antibody-producing hybridomas following an in vitro immunization with in vivo immunized mouse spleen cells. | development of murine monoclonal antibodies to weakly immunogenic antigens was accomplished by combining both in vivo and in vitro immunizations. following immunization of mice with treponema hyodysenteriae outer membrane antigens, manduca sexta apolipoproteins, and drosophila melanogaster dna polymerase, respectively, a significant increase in percentage of antibody-producing hybrids were identified when immune spleens were subjected to an in vitro immunization prior to fusion with sp2/0 myelom ... | 1991 | 1816073 |
| biochemical characterization of u2 snrnp auxiliary factor: an essential pre-mrna splicing factor with a novel intranuclear distribution. | u2 auxiliary factor (u2af) is a non-snrnp protein required for the binding of u2 snrnp to the pre-mrna branch site. purified u2af comprises two polypeptides of 65 and 35 kd. we have performed biochemical complementation and immunological assays to characterize u2af in greater detail. first, we use an extract lacking only u2af activity to show that u2af is an essential splicing factor. second, we show that all u2af activity in vitro resides in the 65 kd u2af polypeptide. third, based upon both im ... | 1991 | 1824937 |
| multiple forms of dynamin are encoded by shibire, a drosophila gene involved in endocytosis. | dynamin was discovered in bovine brain tissue as a nucleotide-sensitive microtubule-binding protein of relative molecular mass 100,000. it was found to cross-link microtubules into highly ordered bundles, and appeared to have a role in intermicrotubule sliding in vitro. cloning and sequencing of rat brain dynamin complementary dna identified an n-terminal region of about 300 amino acids which contained the three consensus elements characteristic of gtp-binding proteins. extensive homology was fo ... | 1991 | 1828536 |
| chicken poly(adp-ribose) synthetase: complete deduced amino acid sequence and comparison with mammalian enzyme sequences. | the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cdna encoding the chicken poly(adp-ribose) synthetase has been determined. positive clones overlapping the 5' region or the 3' region of the cdna have been isolated from a lambda gt 10 hen oviduct cdna library using two human cdna probes. the missing middle portion has been obtained by the polymerase chain reaction procedure. a single 3033-nt open reading frame from start codon to stop codon encodes a sequence of 1011 amino acid residues. the alignmen ... | 1991 | 1840535 |
| interspecies comparisons of a/d ratios: a/d ratios are not constant across species. | the hypothesis that the ratio of the adult (a) and developmental (d) toxicity of a chemical is constant across animal species has been proposed as the basis for identifying developmental hazards, both from traditional developmental toxicity screens using laboratory mammals and from alternative systems such as the coelenterate hydra attenuata. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a/d ratios are constant across species. the developmental and adult toxicity of 14 chemicals was assesse ... | 1991 | 1843185 |
| furin: the prototype mammalian subtilisin-like proprotein-processing enzyme. endoproteolytic cleavage at paired basic residues of proproteins of the eukaryotic secretory pathway. | furin, the translational product of the recently discovered fur gene, appears to be the first known mammalian member of the subtilisin family of serine proteases and the first known mammalian proprotein-processing enzyme with cleavage selectivity for paired basic amino acid residues. structurally and functionally, it resembles the prohormone-processing enzyme, kexin (ec 3.4.21.61), which is encoded by the kex2 gene of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. most likely, furin is primarily involved in th ... | 1991 | 1843280 |
| drosophila stimulatory g protein alpha subunit activates mammalian adenylyl cyclase but interacts poorly with mammalian receptors: implications for receptor-g protein interaction. | heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (g proteins) transduce signals from cell-surface receptors to intracellular effector proteins. two forms of stimulatory g protein (gs) alpha-like subunit have been described in drosophila melanogaster. to examine the function of these subunits we have used vaccinia virus vectors to express both proteins in cyc- cells, a murine s49 cell line deficient for gs alpha activity. receptor-independent activation of each drosophila gs alpha has demonstra ... | 1991 | 1848015 |
| isolation and characterization of cdna clones for rat liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. | we have isolated and characterized cdna clones encoding rat liver cytosol 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ec 1.5.1.6). an open reading frame of 2706 base pairs encodes for 902 amino acids of mr 99,015. the deduced amino acid sequence contains exact matches to the nh2-terminal sequence (28 residues) and the sequences of five peptides derived from cyanogen bromide cleavage of the purified protein. the amino acid sequence of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase has three putative domain ... | 1991 | 1848231 |
| theta, a new class of glutathione transferases purified from rat and man. | glutathione transferases (gsts) of a novel class, which it is proposed to term theta, were purified from rat and human liver. two, named gst 5-5 and gst 12-12, were obtained from the rat, and one, named gst theta, was from the human. unlike other mammalian gsts they lack activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and are not retained by gsh affinity matrices. only gst 5-5 retains full activity during purification, and its activities towards the substrates 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane, p ... | 1991 | 1848757 |
| membrane-anchored form of v-sis/pdgf-b induces mitogenesis without detectable pdgf receptor autophosphorylation. | the v-sis protein is structurally and functionally related to pdgf. forms of the v-sis protein which are anchored to the cell membrane via the transmembrane domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein have been previously described (hannink, m., and d.j. donoghue. 1986. j. cell biol. 103:2311-2322). several of these fusion proteins were shown to interact productively with the pdgf receptor (pdgfr) based on their ability to transform nih 3t3 cells. in this report, we further characterized ... | 1991 | 1849139 |
| drosophila p-element transposase is a transcriptional repressor in vitro. | mobility of p transposable elements in drosophila melanogaster depends on the 87-kda transposase protein encoded by the p element. transposase recognizes a 10-base-pair dna sequence that overlaps an a + t-rich region essential for transcription from the p-element promoter. we report here that transposase represses transcription from the p-element promoter in vitro. this transcriptional repression is blocked by prior formation of an rna polymerase ii transcription complex on the template dna. bin ... | 1991 | 1849267 |
| very high affinity interaction of dpi 201-106 and bdf 8784 enantiomers with the phenylalkylamine-sensitive ca2(+)-channel in drosophila head membranes. | 1. piperazinylindoles (dpi 201-106, bdf 8784), drugs known to act on voltage-dependent na(+)-channels, bind with very high affinity to a ca2(+)-channel-associated phenylalkylamine receptor in drosophila melanogaster head membranes. these compounds and (+)-tetrandrine, a naturally occurring ca2(+)-antagonist, were the most selective inhibitors for phenylalkylamine-labelled drosophila ca2(+)-channels compared to mammalian l-type ca2(+)-channels. 2. replacement of the cyano group by a methyl group ... | 1991 | 1849770 |
| the genetic structure of natural populations of drosophila melanogaster. xxiv. effects of hybrid dysgenesis on the components of genetic variance of variability. | eight hundred second chromosomes were extracted from the ishigakijima population, one of the southernmost populations of drosophila melanogaster in japan. half of them were extracted in native cytoplasm (p-type), and half in foreign cytoplasm (m-type). various population-genetic parameters, including the frequency of lethal-carrying second chromosomes (q = 0.235 for the native; 0.218 for the foreign), the allelism rate of lethal second chromosome (ic = 0.0217 for the native; 0.0134 for the forei ... | 1991 | 1849860 |
| p element excision in drosophila melanogaster and related drosophilids. | the frequency of p element excision and the structure of the resulting excision products were determined in three drosophilid species. drosophila melanogaster, d. virilis, and chymomyza procnemis. a transient p element mobility assay was conducted in the cells of developing insect embryos, but unlike previous assays, this mobility assay permitted the recovery of excision products from plasmids regardless of whether the excision event was precise or imprecise. both quantitative and qualitative di ... | 1991 | 1850084 |
| transformation mapping of the regulatory elements of the ecdysone-inducible p1 gene of drosophila melanogaster. | the transcription of the p1 gene is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in fat bodies of third-instar larvae. germ line transformation showed that sequences between -138 to +276 contain elements required for a qualitatively correct developmental and hormonal regulation of p1 transcription. sequences from -138 to -68 are essential for this expression. | 1991 | 1850106 |
| p regulatory products repress in vivo the p promoter activity in p-lacz fusion genes. | the transposition of p elements in drosophila melanogaster is regulated by products encoded by the p elements themselves. the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are complex and still unclear. we have assayed in vivo the effects of p regulatory products on the p promoter itself by using p-lacz fusion genes. we have found that all the p-lacz insertions are repressed in a p background. this repression occurs in all the tissues observed and at all the developmental stages. the amount of transcr ... | 1991 | 1852009 |
| convergence of ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric dna binding complex. | analysis of the heteromeric dna binding protein gabp has revealed the interaction of two distinct peptide sequence motifs normally associated with proteins located in different cellular compartments. the alpha subunit of gabp contains an 85-amino acid segment related to the ets family of dna binding proteins. the ets domain of gabp alpha facilitates weak binding to dna and, together with an adjacent segment of 37 amino acids, mediates stable interaction with gabp beta. the beta subunit of gabp c ... | 1991 | 1876833 |
| identification of ets- and notch-related subunits in ga binding protein. | recombinant cdna clones that encode two distinct subunits of the transcription factor ga binding protein (gabp) have been isolated. the predicted amino acid sequence of one subunit, gabp alpha, exhibits similarity to the sequence of the product of the ets-1 protooncogene in a region known to encompass the ets dna binding domain. the sequence of the second subunit, gabp beta, contains four 33-amino acid repeats located close to the nh2-terminus of the subunit. the sequences of these repeats are s ... | 1991 | 1876836 |
| chrysotile and amosite asbestos induce germ-line aneuploidy in drosophila. | asbestos toxicity is a problem of considerable public concern and debate, however little is known regarding the biological targets of asbestos fibers. prompted by reports that asbestos induces aneuploidy in cultured mammalian cells, we have investigated whether asbestos induces germ-line aneuploidy in drosophila melanogaster. using the zeste genetic test system, we have shown that both chrysotile and amosite asbestos induce sex-chromosome aneuploidy in drosophila oocytes. chrysotile appeared to ... | 1991 | 1881411 |
| cytokinin content and tissue distribution in plants transformed by a reconstructed isopentenyl transferase gene. | the cytokinin gene, isopentenyl transferase (ipt), was placed under the control of a heat-inducible promoter from the drosophila melanogaster hsp70 gene and introduced into nicotiana plumbaginifolia by cocultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformants were analyzed for organ-specific expression, cytokinin levels and effects on plant development before and after the heat induction. the ipt gene transcripts were detected in leaves and stems but not roots of transgenic plants following a ... | 1991 | 1888890 |
| heat shock proteins affect rna processing during the heat shock response of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the splicing of mrna precursors is disrupted by a severe heat shock. mild heat treatments prior to severe heat shock protect splicing from disruption, as was previously reported for drosophila melanogaster. in contrast to d. melanogaster, protein synthesis during the pretreatment is not required to protect splicing in yeast cells. however, protein synthesis is required for the rapid recovery of splicing once it has been disrupted by a sudden severe heat sho ... | 1991 | 1899282 |
| expression of bovine superoxide dismutase in drosophila melanogaster augments resistance of oxidative stress. | superoxide dismutases (sod) play a major role in the intracellular defense against oxygen radical damage to aerobic cells. in eucaryotes, the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme is a 32-kda dimer containing two copper and two zinc atoms (cuzn sod) that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (o2-) to h2o2 and o2. superoxide-mediated damage has been implicated in a number of biological processes, including aging and cancer; however, it is not certain whether endogenously elevated levels of s ... | 1991 | 1899285 |
| the proto-oncogene c-ros codes for a transmembrane tyrosine protein kinase sharing sequence and structural homology with sevenless protein of drosophila melanogaster. | our earlier study predicted that proto-oncogene c-ros codes for a receptor-like tyrosine protein kinase (tpk). to further understand its protein structure and physiological function, we have analysed its expression in various tissues of chicken and have isolated and sequenced cdna clones containing the entire coding region of the gene. confirming our earlier study, we found that kidney is the organ that expresses the highest level of c-ros mrna, in addition, we found a lower level of expression ... | 1991 | 1900358 |
| host-plant specialization in the drosophila melanogaster species complex: a physiological, behavioral, and genetical analysis. | drosophila sechellia, endemic to the seychelles, breeds in a single resource, morinda citrifolia, whereas its close sympatric relative, drosophila simulans, is a cosmopolitan generalist breeding in a great variety of resources. the effects of morinda on various fitness traits of these two species, their f1 hybrids, and reciprocal backcrosses were analyzed. morinda fruit is highly toxic to drosophila species, except d. sechellia. the toxicity is expressed in adults, embryos, and larvae. in embryo ... | 1991 | 1900368 |
| a second maternally expressed drosophila gene encodes a putative rna helicase of the "dead box" family. | recently, a family of proteins containing the conserved motif asp-glu-ala-asp, the "dead box" proteins, has been identified. this family is typified by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4a, and its members are believed to share the functional property of atp-dependent rna unwinding. one of the previously identified members of this family (vasa) is the product of a maternally expressed gene from drosophila melanogaster that is known to play a role in the formation of the embryonic b ... | 1991 | 1900936 |
| low activity sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in natural populations of drosophila melanogaster. | eleven australian natural populations of drosophila melanogaster were screened by electrophoresis for evidence of null and/or low activity variants at the gdph locus. of 5018 alleles investigated, 57 had markedly lower gdph activity, as judged by their heterozygous phenotypes, than control alleles. gpdh assays of 13 of these variant alleles showed that whilst they were heterogeneous in their properties and included electrophoretic variants and two categories of low-activity variant, there were n ... | 1991 | 1901304 |
| the yeast homolog to mouse tcp-1 affects microtubule-mediated processes. | a saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to drosophila melanogaster and mouse tcp-1 encoding tailless complex polypeptide 1 (tcp1) has been identified, sequenced, and mapped. the mouse t complex has been under scrutiny for six decades because of its effects on embryogenesis and sperm differentiation and function. tcp1 is an essential gene in yeast cells and is located on chromosome 4r, linked to pet14. the tcp1-encoded proteins in yeast, drosophila, and mouse cells share between 61 and 72% amino acid ... | 1991 | 1901944 |
| the genotoxicities of n-nitrosamines in drosophila melanogaster in vivo: the correlation of mutagenicity in the wing spot test with the dna damages detected by the dna-repair test. | the genotoxicities of a series of n-nitrosamines were assayed in the wing spot test and a new short-term test of drosophila melanogaster. in the spot test, larval flies trans-heterozygous for the somatic cell markers mwh and flr3 were fed the test reagents and the wing hairs in adults were inspected for clones expressing the phenotypes of the markers. in the other test, larval stock consisting of meiotic recombination-deficient (rec-) double mutant mei-9a and mei-41d5 males and repair-proficient ... | 1991 | 1901957 |
| yolk polypeptide gene expression in cultured drosophila cells. | the transfer of chimaeric plasmids to drosophila melanogaster cell lines has been examined as a system for investigation of the hormonal regulation of the genes coding for d. melanogaster yolk polypeptide 1 (yp1) and locusta migratoria vitellogenin b (vgb). constructs containing promoters and putative 5'-regulatory sequences from these genes, ligated to bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) coding dna, were transfected into drosophila kc (kc-h) and s3 cells, and transient expression ... | 1991 | 1902206 |
| dhr6, a drosophila homolog of the yeast dna-repair gene rad6. | the rad6 gene of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for dna repair, for dna damage-induced mutagenesis, and for sporulation, and it encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. we have cloned the rad6 homolog from drosophila melanogaster and find that its encoded protein displays a very high degree of identity in amino acid sequence with the homologous rad6 proteins from the two divergent yeasts, s. cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe, and from human. genetic complementation studies ... | 1991 | 1902572 |
| a structural protein that plays an enzymatic role in the eggshell of drosophila melanogaster. | e.s.p. is responsible for the hardening process of the egg-shell at the end of oogenesis (stage 14b) and constitutes a structural component. by immunoblotting, using polyclonal rabbit anti-hrp antibody and anti-rabbit igg-hrp or protein a-1251 as second antibody, one major band with mw 38kd on nitrocellulose filter showed positive reaction. we conclude that the e.s.p. is identical to the s38 chorionic protein. morphological immunogold staining, using pre-embedding procedure, revealed positive re ... | 1991 | 1903086 |
| vrel is an inactive member of the rel family of transcriptional activating proteins. | the vrel oncoprotein is member of a family of related proteins that also includes crel, nf-kappa b, and dorsal. we investigated the transcriptional regulatory properties of several rel proteins in cotransfection assays with chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). retroviral vectors expressing hybrid proteins that contain the dna-binding domain of lexa fused to portions of the viral oncoprotein vrel or chicken, mouse, human, or drosophila melanogaster (dorsal) crel proteins were cotransfected with a re ... | 1991 | 1903456 |
| [cloning and cytogenetic localization of evolutionarily conserved genomic sequences which are expressed in the head of the drosophila melanogaster imago]. | screening of drosophila melanogaster genomic library was carried out using mouse brain polysomal poly(a)+rna. as a result, 100 clones were selected, among which 14 clones were picked up after hybridization with fly head poly(a)+rna. it follows therefore, that these clones contain evolutionary conserved sequences which are expressed in drosophila fly heads. analysis of these 14 clones revealed rna-coding fragments. comparison of their expression in heads and bodies of drosophila was carried out. ... | 1991 | 1903757 |
| cis-acting sequences required for expression of the divergently transcribed drosophila melanogaster sgs-7 and sgs-8 glue protein genes. | the sgs-7 and sgs-8 glue genes at 68c are divergently transcribed and are separated by 475 bp. fusion genes with adh or lacz coding sequences were constructed, and the expression of these genes, with different amounts of upstream sequences present, was tested by a transient expression procedure and by germ line transformation. a cis-acting element for both genes is located asymmetrically in the intergenic region between -211 and -43 bp relative to sgs-7. it is required for correct expression of ... | 1991 | 1903838 |
| gamma-tubulin is present in drosophila melanogaster and homo sapiens and is associated with the centrosome. | the mipa gene of a. nidulans encodes a newly discovered member of the tubulin superfamily of proteins, gamma-tubulin. in a. nidulans, gamma-tubulin is essential for nuclear division and microtubule assembly and is associated with the spindle pole body, the fungal microtubule organizing center. by low stringency hybridizations we have cloned cdnas from d. melanogaster and h. sapiens, the predicted products of which share more than 66% amino acid identity with a. nidulans gamma-tubulin. gamma-tubu ... | 1991 | 1904010 |
| modular recognition of 5-base-pair dna sequence motifs by human heat shock transcription factor. | we investigated the recognition of the conserved 5-bp repeated motif ngaan, which occurs in heat shock gene promoters of drosophila melanogaster and other eukaryotic organisms, by human heat shock transcription factor (hsf). extended heat shock element mutants of the human hsp70 gene promoter, containing additional ngaan blocks flanking the original element, showed significantly higher affinity than the wild-type promoter element for human hsf in vitro. protein-dna contact positions were identif ... | 1991 | 1904540 |
| genetic basis for remating in drosophila melanogaster. iv. a chromosome substitution analysis. | drosophila melanogaster lines previously selected for fast and slow return of female receptivity were subjected to a chromosome substitution analysis. chromosomal effects on direct response to selection were distinctively different between selection lines derived from two different base populations. all three chromosomes tested affect the trait in the jeffers selection lines. in contrast, only chromosome ii was found to have a main effect in the comp selection lines. significant interactions bet ... | 1991 | 1904714 |
| genetic basis for remating in drosophila melanogaster. v. biometrical and planned comparisons analyses. | drosophila melanogaster lines previously selected for fast and slow return of female receptivity were crossed to produce 16 lines (2 parental, 2 f1, 4 f2, and 8 backcross lines). several genetic hypotheses could be tested both through particular planned comparisons among these 16 crosses and with a biometrical analysis. both analyses identified the difference between the fast and the slow remating speed in these lines as having an autosomal basis. this is in agreement with observations from prev ... | 1991 | 1904715 |
| replication analysis of plasmid dnas injected into drosophila embryos. | from a "shotgun" collection of dna fragments, isolated from drosophila melanogaster, we selected sequences that function as autonomously replicating sequences (ars) in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. to investigate the replicative potential of such sequences in drosophila, five of these ars elements and also the adh gene of d. melanogaster, which has been described earlier to have ars function in yeast, were microinjected into developing drosophila eggs and analysed after reisolation from fi ... | 1991 | 1905220 |
| [the genetic basis of suppression of tumors and metastases in drosophila and man]. | the first causal relations between recessive gene mutation and malignancies were detected in a fly (drosophila melanogaster). this is a recessive-lethal heredity. tumour suppression was demonstrated in mouse cell hybrids in the late sixties. tumour suppressor antigens are developed recently for wilms tumour, retinoblastomas and colorectal cancer. | 1991 | 1905453 |
| integrated maps of the drosophila genome: progress and prospects. | a physical map of the drosophila melanogaster genome is being assembled, consisting of ordered overlapping cosmid clones. the map is constructed in steps, separately for each chromosomal division. gaps in this map are to be bridged with yeast artificial chromosome clones. hybridization to previously cloned genes and extensive use of in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes ensure that the cosmid map is firmly anchored to the wealth of available genetic and cytogenetic information. the inten ... | 1991 | 1906209 |
| in vitro and in vivo analysis of somatic and germline mutability of 2-amino-n6-hydroxyadenine in drosophila melanogaster. | two complementary assays were employed to examine the mutagenicity of 2-amino-n6-hydroxyadenine (aha) in drosophila melanogaster. a lambda phage-based shuttle vector system, utilizing the supf transfer rna gene of escherichia coli, questioned the mutagenicity of aha in established cell cultures derived from somatic tissue while the standard sex-linked recessive lethal assay measured mutational events in vivo. consistent with studies in other systems, aha appears strongly mutagenic when cells are ... | 1991 | 1908052 |
| acrolein genotoxicity in drosophila melanogaster. i. somatic and germinal mutagenesis under proficient repair conditions. | the genotoxicity of acrolein in d. melanogaster was investigated using 2 different smart assays, the eye spot and wing spot tests, and 2 germinal tests, the sex-linked recessive lethal (slrlt) and sex chromosome loss (sclt) tests. for the 2 latter, exposure by feeding as well as injection was used. the results indicate that: (i) acrolein is mutagenic in the slrlt when injected but not when fed; (ii) the sclt did not reveal clastogenic effects; (iii) acrolein had genotoxic effects in both smart a ... | 1991 | 1908054 |
| dolichol levels during development and ageing of drosophila melanogaster. | 1. dolichol levels in the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster were determined at the larva and pupa stages and in 1, 10, 20 and 30-day-old flies. 2. free dolichol increased from 1.2 micrograms/g wet weight in the larvae to 14.9 micrograms/g in 30-day-old flies, while total dolichol increased from 3.4 micrograms/g in the larvae to 21.2 micrograms/g at 30-days-old. 3. dolichol released after saponification is primarily from dolichyl fatty acid ester, which accounts for up to 65% of the total dolich ... | 1991 | 1908365 |
| a codon change in beta-tubulin which drastically affects microtubule structure in drosophila melanogaster fails to produce a significant phenotype in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the relative uniformity of microtubule ultrastructure in almost all eukaryotic cells is thought to be a consequence of the conserved elements of tubulin sequence. in support of this idea, a mutation in a beta-tubulin gene of drosophila melanogaster, occurring at a highly conserved position, produces u-shaped microtubules, suggesting a defect in either nucleation or packing during assembly (m. t. fuller, j. h. caulton, j. a. hutchens, t. c. kaufman, and e. c. raff, j. cell biol. 104:385-394, 1987 ... | 1991 | 1908555 |
| genotoxicity studies with the unstable zeste-white (uz) system of drosophila melanogaster: results with ten carcinogenic compounds. | to increase the number of chemicals tested using the zeste-white (uz) somatic mutation assay, ten selected carcinogens (acetamide, acrylamide, benzo(alpha)pyrene, cyclophosphamide, diethylstilbestrol, 4-nitroquinoline n-oxide, propyleneimine, safrole, thiourea, and o-toluidine) have been evaluated in this assay. our results show that all the compounds tested produce significant increases in the eye spot frequency at, at least, one of the concentrations assayed, indicating that the zeste-white as ... | 1991 | 1908775 |
| use of high coverage reference libraries of drosophila melanogaster for relational data analysis. a step towards mapping and sequencing of the genome. | three differently made, primary drosophila cosmid libraries of 16-fold genome coverage have been generated. also, a jumping library has been created by a new method that takes advantage of methylation differences between genomic dna and vector. thirdly, two cdna libraries have been picked. all these libraries have been arrayed on high-density in situ filters, each containing 9216 clones. as a reference system, such filters are distributed and identified clones are provided. single-copy probes ha ... | 1991 | 1908905 |
| drosophila melanogaster diphenol oxidase a2: gene structure and homology with the mouse mast-cell tum- transplantation antigen, p91a. | the drosophila melanogaster diphenol oxidase (dox) a2-encoding gene (dox-a2) is involved in catecholamine metabolism, melanin formation and sclerotization of the cuticle. insect phenol oxidases (pox) are well studied biochemically, but not genetically and molecularly. the dox-a2 (2-53.9) gene is the first insect pox-encoding gene to be cloned and sequenced. it encodes a protein product unique among currently known pox. the deduced protein, however, exhibits extensive similarity (58-81%) to the m ... | 1991 | 1909680 |
| identification of the genes coding for the second-largest subunits of rna polymerases i and iii of drosophila melanogaster. | we have isolated cdna and genomic clones of drosophila melanogaster by cross-hybridization with a 658 bp fragment of the yeast gene coding for the second-largest subunit of rna polymerase iii (ret1). determination of the sequence by comparison of genomic and cdna regions reveals an orf of 3405 nucleotides which is interrupted in the genomic sequence by an intron of 48 bp. the deduced polypeptide consists of 1135 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 128 kda. the protein sequence show ... | 1991 | 1910149 |
| in vitro metabolism of juvenile hormone iii and juvenile hormone iii bisepoxide by drosophila melanogaster and mammalian cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. | in vitro metabolism of juvenile hormone iii (jh iii) and juvenile hormone iii bisepoxide was investigated using purified mouse liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (ceh) and cell fractions from drosophila melanogaster. jh iii was metabolized faster than jh iii bisepoxide by epoxide hydrolase activity in d. melanogaster cell fractions and by ceh. after incubation with jh iii bisepoxide, all cell fractions and ceh produced epoxy-diol, cis- and trans-tetrahydrofuran-diols, and tetraol as metabolites. ... | 1991 | 1910282 |
| cdna sequence of a drosophila melanogaster gene, dfur1, encoding a protein structurally related to the subtilisin-like proprotein processing enzyme furin. | screening a genomic library of drosophila melanogaster dna with a human fur cdna probe resulted in the isolation of dna clones that apparently belonged to two different dna regions of the drosophila genome. subsequently, corresponding drosophila cdna clones were isolated. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that these cdna clones originated from two different genes, which were called dfur1 and dfur2. from overlapping dfur1 cdna clones, a composite cdna could be constructed and analysis of its ... | 1991 | 1915835 |
| identification of seven novel protein-tyrosine kinase genes of drosophila by the polymerase chain reaction. | we used the polymerase chain reaction to identify 7 novel tyrosine-kinase genes (dtk1 to -7) in drosophila melanogaster, dtk4 coded for a part of the kinase catalytic domain nearly identical in sequence to that of the human receptor for insulin-like growth factor 1, whereas sequences encoded by dtk1 and dtk2 were highly homologous to that of the chicken fibroblast growth factor receptor. | 1991 | 1915852 |
| yeast rna polymerase ii subunit rpb9 is essential for growth at temperature extremes. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae rna polymerase ii subunit gene rpb9 was isolated and sequenced. rpb9 is a single copy gene on chromosome vii. the rpb9 sequence predicts a protein of 122 amino acids with a molecular mass of 14,200 da. the yeast rpb9 subunit is similar in size and sequence to a protein encoded by dna adjacent to the suppressor of the hairy wing gene in drosophila melanogaster. deletion of the rpb9 gene produced cells that were heat- and cold-sensitive. the rpb9 subunit, like the prev ... | 1991 | 1918023 |
| drosophila fat body protein p6 and alcohol dehydrogenase are derived from a common ancestral protein. | drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase is an example of convergent evolution: it is not related to the adhs of other organisms, but to short-chain dehydrogenases, which until now have been found only in bacteria and in mammalian steroid hormone metabolism. we present evidence that the drosophila adh is phylogenetically more closely related to p6, another highly expressed protein from the fat body of drosophila, than it is to the short-chain dehydrogenases. the polypeptide sequence of p6 w ... | 1991 | 1920455 |
| baculovirus gp64 gene expression: analysis of sequences modulating early transcription and transactivation by ie1. | expression of the baculovirus major envelope glycoprotein gene (gp64) is regulated by transcription from both early and late promoters. to characterize the early promoter and identify sequences involved in the regulation of gp64 early transcription, promoter-reporter gene fusions were generated from the orygia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus gp64 promoter and were analyzed by transient expression in uninfected insect cells. for these analyses, 5' deletion mutations were constructed in t ... | 1991 | 1920618 |
| the intron-containing hsp82 gene of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum is properly spliced in severe heat shock conditions. | we have isolated and characterized a heat-inducible gene, hsp82, from the dimorphic pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum, which is a filamentous mold at 25 degrees c and a unicellular yeast at 37 degrees c. this gene, which has a high degree of homology with other members of the hsp82 gene family, is split into three exons and two introns of 122 and 86 nucleotides, respectively. contrary to what has been demonstrated in drosophila melanogaster, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other organisms, ... | 1991 | 1922067 |
| genotoxicity testing of extracts of a swedish moist oral snuff. | the present study was designed to investigate the potential genotoxicity of aqueous and methylene chloride extracts of swedish moist oral snuff. the test systems were selected to provide optimal data for the prediction of carcinogenicity in rodents and included assays for the induction of mutation in bacteria, sister-chromatid exchanges (sce) in human lymphocytes, of chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in v79 chinese hamster cells and of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. in addition, ... | 1991 | 1922153 |
| dichloroacetonitrile, a by-product of water chlorination, induces aneuploidy in drosophila. | nitriles have been shown to be potent inducers of aneuploidy in yeast and drosophila test systems. haloacetonitriles are by-products of water chlorination that have been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic following topical application. in this report we show that dichloroacetonitrile, but not dibromoacetonitrile, is an effective inducer of aneuploidy in oocytes of drosophila melanogaster. following inhalation exposure of zeste adult females, dichloroacetonitrile (8.6 ppm) induced highly sign ... | 1991 | 1922159 |
| sequence similarity between the mammalian bmi-1 proto-oncogene and the drosophila regulatory genes psc and su(z)2. | the bmi-1 proto-oncogene can be activated by moloney murine leukaemia proviral insertions in e mu-myc transgenic mice. it encodes a highly conserved nuclear protein of 324 amino acids which belongs to a family of proteins containing a putative new zinc-finger. another closely related member of this family is the mouse protein mel-18. here we report on the cloning and characterization of a homologous gene (d-bmi) from drosophila melanogaster. our analysis indicates that distinct domains of the mo ... | 1991 | 1922340 |
| structure and expression during development of drosophila melanogaster gene for dna polymerase alpha. | the drosophila melanogaster gene and cdna which span the entire open reading frame for dna polymerase alpha, were cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the gene consists of 6 exons separated by 5 short introns. the major transcription initiation site was localized 85 bp upstream from the initiation codon. the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame revealed a polypeptide of 1,505 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 170,796. the amino acid sequence of the polype ... | 1991 | 1923767 |
| rnase-like domain in dna-directed rna polymerase ii. | dna-directed rna polymerase is responsible for gene expression. despite its importance, many details of its function and higher-order structure still remain unknown. we report here a local sequence similarity between the second largest subunit of rna polymerase ii and bacterial rnases ba (barnase), bi, and st. the most remarkable similarity is that the catalytic sites of the rnases are shared with the eukaryotic rna polymerase ii subunits of drosophila melanogaster and saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... | 1991 | 1924368 |
| drosophila 60a gene, another transforming growth factor beta family member, is closely related to human bone morphogenetic proteins. | the 60a gene, a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of signaling proteins, has been identified in drosophila melanogaster. from its inferred protein sequence we predict the precursor is secreted and processed to release a growth factor-like molecule. the 60a gene is expressed throughout development with peaks of transcription during early embryogenesis, in pupae, and in adult males. the putative 60a protein shows greater sequence similarity to three vertebrate family member ... | 1991 | 1924384 |
| ras1 and a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor perform crucial steps in signaling by the sevenless protein tyrosine kinase. | we have conducted a genetic screen for mutations that decrease the effectiveness of signaling by a protein tyrosine kinase, the product of the drosophila melanogaster sevenless gene. these mutations define seven genes whose wild-type products may be required for signaling by sevenless. four of the seven genes also appear to be essential for signaling by a second protein tyrosine kinase, the product of the ellipse gene. the putative products of two of these seven genes have been identified. one e ... | 1991 | 1934068 |
| sequence and developmental expression of a mrna encoding a putative protein of rat sperm outer dense fibers. | we have isolated a cdna from rat testis homologous to the drosophila melanogaster gene mst(3)gl-9 by screening a rat testis cdna library with mst(3)gl-9 and by direct pcr amplification of upstream sequences out of the cdna library. homologous genes are also expressed in testes of different mammalian species. in rat testis, two different transcripts are found. evidences are presented which suggest that these two transcripts are alternative splicing products. as proved by northern blot analysis of ... | 1991 | 1936558 |
| low-usage codons in escherichia coli, yeast, fruit fly and primates. | codon usage is compared between four classes of species, with an emphasis on characterization of low-usage codons. the classes of species analyzed include the bacterium escherichia coli (eco), the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (ysc), the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (dro), and several species of primates (pri) (taken as a group; includes eleven species for which nucleotide sequence data have been reported to genbank, however, greater than 90% of the sequences were from homo sapiens). the n ... | 1991 | 1937008 |
| a protein kinase-a recognition sequence is structurally linked to transformation by p59v-rel and cytoplasmic retention of p68c-rel. | the rel family of proteins includes a number of proteins involved in transcriptional control, such as the retroviral oncoprotein v-rel, c-rel, the drosophila melanogaster developmental protein dorsal, and subunits of the transcription factor nf-kappa b. these proteins are related through a highly conserved domain of approximately 300 amino acids, called the rel homology domain, that contains dimerization, dna binding, and nuclear targeting functions. also within the rel homology domain, there is ... | 1991 | 1944267 |
| low-level chemiluminescence from drosophila melanogaster fed with chemical mutagens polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinones and a carcinogenic bracken fern. | the spontaneous photon emission (chemiluminescence) from drosophila melanogaster fed chemical mutagens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinones, and a carcinogenic bracken fern was studied. the fly chemiluminescence was evidently enhanced by mutagen or carcinogen administration and was increased proportionally to the administered amount of tested compound. strong chemiluminescence was observed especially at the larval stage. living larvae emitted stronger chemiluminescence than their homogenate ... | 1991 | 1944380 |
| electrochemical identification of dopachrome isomerase in drosophila melanogaster. | a principal reaction in the eumelanin biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of dopachrome (dc) to dihydroxyindole(s). dopachrome isomerase (di), the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, was detected for the first time in larvae of d. melanogaster. unlike the enzyme from b16 mouse melanoma cells which converts dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (dhica), the insect enzyme forms 5,6-dihydroxyindole (dhi). the activity of the insect di was linear through 15 min incubation, and the ... | 1991 | 1953745 |
| the crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from drosophila melanogaster at 2.5 a resolution. | the structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from drosophila melanogaster has been determined by x-ray diffraction at 2.5 a resolution. the insect enzyme crystallizes in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) with lattice replacement with rabbit muscle aldolase as a search model has been employed to solve the structure. to improve the initial phases real space averaging, including phase extension from 4.0 to 2.5 a, has been applied. refinement of the atomic positions by molecular dynamics resulted in ... | 1991 | 1959612 |
| heat shock proteins and human disease. | at first sight it appears unlikely that a phenomenon which was first observed in 1962 as the appearance of specific puffs in the salivary gland chromosomes of the larvae of the fruit fly drosophila busckii following exposure to elevated temperature [1] should, nearly 30 years later, attract considerable attention from clinicians and scientists interested in such diverse phenomena as autoimmune diabetes and myocardial infarction [2, 3]. the aim of this review is to discuss the information which h ... | 1991 | 1960683 |
| a steroid-inducible gene expression system for plant cells. | promoters that allow the selective induction of gene expression in vivo constitute an important methodology in eukaryotic organisms such as yeast and the fruit fly, but to date no such system has been described for higher plants. given the fact that mammalian steroid receptors can function as hormone-dependent inducers of gene expression in heterologous systems, the feasibility of using mammalian steroid hormones as selective inducers of plant gene expression was investigated. here it is shown t ... | 1991 | 1961707 |
| a homolog of the armadillo protein in drosophila (plakoglobin) associated with e-cadherin. | three cytoplasmic proteins, called catenins, bind to the cytoplasmic tail of the epithelial cell-cell adhesion molecule e-cadherin. the complementary dna sequence was determined for the 92-kilodalton beta catenin of xenopus laevis. the sequence is homologous to mammalian plakoglobin, a protein of desmosomal and zonula adherens cell junctions, and to the plakoglobin homolog in drosophila melanogaster, the product of the segment polarity gene armadillo. a monoclonal antibody to bovine plakoglobin ... | 1991 | 1962194 |
| the rare inversion with a p element at the breakpoint maintained in a natural population of drosophila melanogaster. | we found a rare inversion which is superimposed on the in(2r) ns chromosome. it has been maintained for several years in the raleigh, n.c., usa population and possibly for more than ten years in the southern populations of the usa. both the breakpoint of the rare inversion and the corresponding site of the in(2r) ns chromosome have p elements and therefore, the rare inversion might be induced by p element activity in a natural population. | 1990 | 1963872 |
| drosophila proliferating cell nuclear antigen (cyclin) gene: structure, expression during development, and specific binding of homeodomain proteins to its 5'-flanking region. | the genomic and cdna clones for a drosophila melanogaster proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) (cyclin) were isolated and sequenced. the coding sequence for a 260-amino-acid residue polypeptide was interrupted by a single short intron of 60 base pairs (bp), and about 70% of the deduced amino acid sequence of the drosophila pcna was identical to the rat and human pcna polypeptides, with conserved unique repeats of leucine in the c-terminal region. genomic southern blot hybridization analysis ... | 1990 | 1968224 |
| cloning and characterization of the white and topaz eye color genes from the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | clones carrying the white and topaz eye color genes have been isolated from genomic dna libraries of the blowfly lucilia cuprina using cloned dna from the homologous white and scarlet genes, respectively, of drosophila melanogaster as probes. on the basis of hybridization studies using adjacent restriction fragments, homologous fragments were found to be colinear between the genes from the two species. the nucleotide sequence of a short region of the white gene of l. cuprina has been determined, ... | 1990 | 1971656 |
| drosophila proliferating cell nuclear antigen. structural and functional homology with its mammalian counterpart. | a protein with an apparent mass of 36 kda was purified from drosophila melanogaster embryos using a protocol developed for the purification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) from human 293 cells. the drosophila protein comigrated with human pcna on one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and cross-reacted with monoclonal anti-rabbit pcna antibodies. nh2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the putative drosophila pcna was highly homologous to human pc ... | 1990 | 1973166 |
| comparative developmental physiology and molecular cytology of the polytrophic ovarian follicles of the blowfly sarcophaga bullata and the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster. | 1. the ovarian follicles of sarcophaga and drosophila consist of one oocyte and 15 nurse cells, the whole being surrounded by follicle cells. although oocyte and nurse cells are genetically identical sibling cells, and although they are interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges, their physiology is very different. 2. the dna content of the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle) never exceeds 4c, while values of polyploidisation up to 1024c have been measured in the nurse cells, this being dependent on th ... | 1990 | 1976473 |
| aneuploidy in drosophila. iii: aneuploidogens inhibit in vitro assembly of taxol-purified drosophila microtubules. | the in vitro effects of aneuploidogens on taxol-purified microtubules from whole drosophila melanogaster and mouse brain were studied by a spectrophotometric assay and electron microscopy. colchicine, acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), griseofulvin, and cadmium chloride inhibit microtubule assembly, whereas methoxyethyl acetate (mea) does not. qualitatively similar results were observed with d. melanogaster and mouse brain microtubules. the in vitro results fro ... | 1990 | 1979271 |
| conservation of engrailed-like homeobox sequences during vertebrate evolution. | the drosophila melanogaster developmental gene engrailed (en) is a member of a distinct subfamily of homeobox genes with a wide phylogenetic distribution. here we report the use of reduced stringency polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify and clone 8 genes related to en from 5 vertebrate species, including representatives of the most ancient vertebrate lineages. nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence comparisons between mouse, toad, zebrafish, lamprey and hagfish genes reveal extensive e ... | 1990 | 1980115 |
| ecdysterone regulatory elements function as both transcriptional activators and repressors. | a synthetic, 23-bp ecdysterone regulatory element (ecre), derived from the upstream region of the drosophila melanogaster hsp27 gene, was inserted adjacent to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter fused to a bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). hybrid constructs were transfected into drosophila s3 cells and assayed for ecdysterone-inducible cat expression. in the absence of ecdysterone a tandem pair of ecres repressed the high constitutive level of cat activit ... | 1991 | 2005885 |
| evidence for the mutagenic potential of the vinyl chloride induced adduct, n2, 3-etheno-deoxyguanosine, using a site-directed kinetic assay. | n2,3-ethenoguanine (epsilon g) is a product of vinyl chloride reaction with dna in vivo and of its ultimate metabolite, chloroacetaldehyde, in vitro. the synthesis of the very labile 5'-triphosphate of n2,3-etheno-deoxyguanosine (epsilon dguo) has made it possible to study the base pairing properties of this derivative placed opposite a defined normal base in a 25-base oligonucleotide template. the kinetic parameters, km and vmax were determined from elongation of a [32p]5'-end labeled primer an ... | 1991 | 2013138 |
| distributive disjunction of authentic chromosomes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | distributive disjunction is defined as the first division meiotic segregation of either nonhomologous chromosomes that lack homologs or homologous chromosomes that have not recombined. to determine if chromosomes from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae were capable of distributive disjunction, we constructed a strain that was monosomic for both chromosome i and chromosome iii and analyzed the meiotic segregation of the two monosomic chromosomes. in addition, we bisected chromosome i into two fun ... | 1991 | 2016050 |
| early aspects of caenorhabditis elegans sex determination and dosage compensation are regulated by a zinc-finger protein. | the sdc-1 gene acts at an early step in the regulatory hierarchy that controls the choice of sexual fate in caenorhabditis elegans. it functions at a point before the control of sex determination and x-chromosome dosage compensation diverge. here we report that sdc-1 encodes a protein of 1,203 amino acids containing seven zinc fingers. this protein motif in combination with other genetic and molecular information suggests that sdc-1 is likely to function as an embryonic transcription factor regu ... | 1991 | 2027384 |
| sequence of an acidic ribosomal protein from the jellyfish polyorchis penicillatus. | we have isolated a cdna clone from the jellyfish polyorchis penicillatus that encodes the homologue of the a1 acidic ribosomal protein previously characterized in human, brine shrimp, fruit fly, and yeast. the sequence of this protein is strongly conserved among the five eukaryotic species for which it has been determined. conservation is greatest in the amino-terminal 51 amino acids and the carboxyl-terminal 25 amino acids. this suggests that these regions are necessary for interactions with ot ... | 1991 | 2031723 |
| functionally important regions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defined by the saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme and its differences from the mammalian and insect forms. | the primary structure of saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been determined. it consists of 503 amino acid residues, with an acetyl-blocked n-terminus. the structure shows equally extensive differences from the corresponding mammalian and fruit fly enzymes (52% residues non-identical). residues conserved in all the forms constitute about 40% of the structures and include two histidines. one of these (his200 in the numbering of the rat enzyme) occurs in a 10-residue co ... | 1991 | 2040308 |
| histone h4 acetylation in drosophila. frequency of acetylation at different sites defined by immunolabelling with site-specific antibodies. | electrophoresis, western blotting and immunostaining with antibodies specific for histone h4 acetylated at lysines 5, 8, 12, or 16, were used to define patterns of h4 acetylation in cell lines from humans (hl60) and the fruit fly drosophila (s2, kc). in human cells, the mono-acetylated isoform h4ac1 is acetylated predominantly at just one of the four possible lysine residues, lysine 16. this is the first step in the progressive acetylation of h4. in contrast, in drosophila, h4ac1 is acetylated a ... | 1991 | 2060643 |
| molecular cloning of a glutathione s-transferase overproduced in an insecticide-resistant strain of the housefly (musca domestica). | we report the cloning and sequencing of a glutathione s-transferase (gst) gene from the housefly musca domestica. a cdna lambda gt11 library was prepared from the organophosphate insecticide-resistant housefly strain cornell-r--a variant that has elevated gst activity. the lambda phage gst clone was identified on the basis of its ability to cross-hybridize to a gst dna probe from drosophila melanogaster. based on amino acid homology to other gsts and expression of gst activity in escherichia col ... | 1991 | 2062307 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of smooth muscle calponin. | cdna clones encoding two isoforms of chicken gizzard calponin, a recently identified actin- and tropomyosin-binding protein, have been isolated and sequenced. the deduced polypeptides, 292 (mr 32,333) and 252 (mr 28,127) amino acids, contain sequences homologous to: a smooth muscle protein sm22 alpha, the drosophila melanogaster mp20 gene product, troponin t, troponin i, and caldesmon. calponin mrnas of approximately 1.3 kilobases, encoding both isoforms, were expressed in all chicken smooth mus ... | 1991 | 2071603 |
| mapping of replication initiation sites in mammalian genomes by two-dimensional gel analysis: stabilization and enrichment of replication intermediates by isolation on the nuclear matrix. | two complementary two-dimensional gel electrophoretic techniques have recently been developed that allow initiation sites to be mapped with relative precision in eukaryotic genomes at least as complex as those of yeast and drosophila melanogaster. we reported the first application of these mapping methods to a mammalian genome in a study on the amplified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) domain of the methotrexate-resistant cho cell line choc 400 (j.p. vaughn, p.a. dijkwel, and j.l. hamlin, cell 61 ... | 1991 | 2072896 |
| isolation and characterization of drosophila multidrug resistance gene homologs. | mammalian multidrug-resistant cell lines, selected for resistance to a single cytotoxic agent, display cross-resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated compounds. these cell lines overproduce a membrane protein, the p-glycoprotein, which is encoded by a member(s) of a multigene family, termed mdr or pgp. the amino acid sequence of the p-glycoprotein predicts an energy-dependent transport protein with homology to a large superfamily of proteins which transport a wid ... | 1991 | 2072901 |
| dosage compensation and dietary glucose repression of larval amylase activity in drosophila miranda. | the functional locus for alpha-amylase (amy) in drosophila miranda is in the evolutionarily new x2 chromosome. x2 evolved from an autosome in response to an ancestral autosome-y translocation that gave rise to the "neo-y" chromosome of this species. y-linked amy, if still present in the ancestrally translocated element, is unexpressed. dosage compensation for amylase activity was examined in larvae of the s 204 strain. since dietary glucose is known to repress amy expression in drosophila melano ... | 1990 | 2085311 |
| the cecropin locus in drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection. | cecropins are antibacterial peptides that are synthesized in insects as a response to infection. as a first step towards a molecular study of the induction of this response, we have isolated genomic clones that cover the cecropin locus in drosophila melanogaster. this locus was found to be unique, and it was mapped cytologically to the chromosomal location 99e. sequence analysis showed it to be unusually compact, with three expressed genes and two pseudogenes within less than 4 kb of dna, and wi ... | 1990 | 2104802 |