| seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from american oysters harvested in the mandinga lagoon system, veracruz, mexico: implications for food safety. | the abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) strains in american oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested in two different harvest sites from the mandinga lagoon system was evaluated monthly for 1 year (january through december 2012). frequencies of species-specific genes and pathogenic genes exhibited a seasonal distribution. the annual occurrence of vp with the species-specific tlh gene (tlh(+)) was significantly higher during the winter windy season (32.50%) and spring ... | 2014 | 24988011 |
| the effects of storage temperature on the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and organoleptic properties in oysters. | during harvesting and storage, microbial pathogens and natural spoilage flora may grow, negatively affecting the composition and texture of oysters and posing a potential health threat to susceptible consumers. a solution to these problems would mitigate associated damaging effects on the seafood industry. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of storage temperature on growth of vibrios as well as other microbial, sensory, and textural characteristics of post-harvest shellstoc ... | 2014 | 24904911 |
| impact of hurricane irene on vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in surface water, sediment, and cultured oysters in the chesapeake bay, md, usa. | to determine if a storm event (i.e., high winds, large volumes of precipitation) could alter concentrations of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in aquacultured oysters (crassostrea virginica) and associated surface water and sediment, this study followed a sampling timeline before and after hurricane irene impacted the chesapeake bay estuary in late august 2011. aquacultured oysters were sampled from two levels in the water column: surface (0.3 m) and near-bottom (just above the sedimen ... | 2014 | 24847319 |
| development and validation of a predictive model for the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus in post-harvest shellstock oysters. | information is limited about the growth and survival of naturally-occurring vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters under commercially relevant storage conditions harvested from different regions and in different oyster species. this study produced a predictive model for the growth of naturally-occurring v. parahaemolyticus in live eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested from the chesapeake bay, md, usa and stored at 5-30 °c until oysters gapped. the model was validated with model-inde ... | 2013 | 23246606 |
| predatory bacteria as natural modulators of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in seawater and oysters. | this study shows that naturally occurring vibrio predatory bacteria (vpb) exert a major role in controlling pathogenic vibrios in seawater and shellfish. the growth and persistence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus were assessed in natural seawater and in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. the pathogens examined were v. vulnificus strain vv1003, v. parahaemolyticus o1:kut (kut stands for k untypeable), and v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 and corresponding o3:k6 mutants deficient ... | 2012 | 22904049 |
| the interactions of vibrio vulnificus and the oyster crassostrea virginica. | the human bacterial pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, is found in brackish waters and is concentrated by filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, especially oysters, which inhabit those waters. ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters containing virulent strains of v. vulnificus can result in rapid septicemia and death in 50 % of victims. this review summarizes the current knowledge of the environmental interactions between these two organisms, including the effects of salinity and temperature on colonizat ... | 2013 | 23280497 |
| development and validation of a predictive model for the growth of vibrio vulnificus in postharvest shellstock oysters. | postharvest growth of vibrio vulnificus in oysters can increase risk of human infection. unfortunately, limited information is available regarding v. vulnificus growth and survival patterns over a wide range of storage temperatures in oysters harvested from different estuaries and in different oyster species. in this study, we developed a predictive model for v. vulnificus growth in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested from chesapeake bay, md, over a temperature range of 5 to 30°c a ... | 2012 | 22247136 |
| uptake and depuration of the c- and e-genotypes of vibrio vulnificus by the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative estuarine bacterium that infect via wounds and ingestion, and is the leading cause of seafood-borne death in the united states. vibrio vulnificus is part of the naturally occurring flora of both estuaries and estuarine mollusks (especially oysters). vibrio vulnificus is divided into two genotypes, including a clinically associated c-type, and an environmentally associated e-type that is more rarely involved in septicemia. these two genotype ... | 2010 | 23766004 |
| predatory blue crabs induce stronger nonconsumptive effects in eastern oysters crassostrea virginica than scavenging blue crabs. | by influencing critical prey traits such as foraging or habitat selection, predators can affect entire ecosystems, but the nature of cues that trigger prey reactions to predators are not well understood. predators may scavenge to supplement their energetic needs and scavenging frequency may vary among individuals within a species due to preferences and prey availability. yet prey reactions to consumers that are primarily scavengers versus those that are active foragers have not been investigated ... | 2017 | 28265512 |
| three-dimensional interstitial space mediates predator foraging success in different spatial arrangements. | identifying and quantifying the relevant properties of habitat structure that mediate predator-prey interactions remains a persistent challenge. most previous studies investigate effects of structural density on trophic interactions and typically quantify refuge quality using one or two-dimensional metrics. few consider spatial arrangement of components (i.e., orientation and shape) and often neglect to measure the total three-dimensional (3d) space available as refuge. this study tests whether ... | 2017 | 28144935 |
| the smell of success: the amount of prey consumed by predators determines the strength and range of cascading non-consumptive effects. | we examined whether chemically mediated risk perception by prey and the effects of changes in prey behavior on basal resources vary as a function of the amount of prey biomass consumed by the predator. we studied these issues using a tritrophic system composed of blue crabs, callinectes sapidus (top predator), mud crabs panopeus herbstii (intermediate prey), and oysters crassostrea virginica (basal resource). working in a well characterized field environment where experiments preserve natural pa ... | 2015 | 26618090 |
| interactions between multiple recruitment drivers: post-settlement predation mortality and flow-mediated recruitment. | dispersal is a primary driver in shaping the future distribution of species in both terrestrial and marine systems. physical transport by advection can regulate the distance travelled and rate of propagule supply to a habitat but post-settlement processes such as predation can decouple supply from recruitment. the effect of flow-mediated recruitment and predation on the recruitment success of an intertidal species, the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica was evaluated in two-replicated field ex ... | 2012 | 22493734 |
| non-indigenous predators threaten ecosystem engineers: interactive effects of green crab and oyster size on american oyster mortality. | non-indigenous green crabs (carcinus maenas) are emerging as important predators of autogenic engineers like american oysters (crassostrea virginica) throughout the eastern seaboard of canada and the united states. to document the spreading distribution of green crabs, we carried out surveys in seven sites of prince edward island during three fall seasons. to assess the potential impact of green crabs on oyster mortality in relation to predator and prey size, we conducted multiple predator-prey ... | 2017 | 28336053 |
| bivalve immunity: comparisons between the marine mussel (mytilus edulis), the edible cockle (cerastoderma edule) and the razor-shell (ensis siliqua). | much of the current knowledge concerning bivalve immunology and immunotoxicology has come from studies on the mussel genus, mytilus, or from the american oyster, crassostrea virginica. following a major oil spill, it was observed that the marine mussel, mytilus edulis, underwent significant immunosuppression but no oil-induced mortalities, while in contrast, mass mortalities were noted in the edible cockle, cerastoderma edule, and the razor-shell, ensis siliqua. a study comparing immune cells an ... | 2003 | 12892742 |
| pcr-based assays of mendelian polymorphisms from anonymous single-copy nuclear dna: techniques and applications for population genetics. | this paper outlines a pcr-based approach for population genetics that offers several advantages over conventional southern blotting methods for revealing restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (rflps) in nuclear dna. primers are constructed from clones isolated from a nuclear dna library, and these primers subsequently are employed in in vitro syntheses of homologous regions. amplified products are then screened directly for rflps by using gel-staining procedures. population applications for ... | 1993 | 8098128 |
| trace elements in major marketed marine bivalves from six northern coastal cities of china: concentrations and risk assessment for human health. | one hundred and fifty nine samples of nine edible bivalve species (argopecten irradians, chlamys farreri, crassostrea virginica, lasaea nipponica, meretrix meretrix, mytilus edulis, ruditapes philippinarum, scapharca subcrenata and sinonovacula constricta) were randomly collected from eight local seafood markets in six big cities (dalian, qingdao, rizhao, weifang, weihai and yantai) in the northern coastal areas of china for the investigation of trace element contamination. as, cd, cr, cu, hg, p ... | 2014 | 25128644 |
| shell hardness and compressive strength of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, and the asian oyster, crassostrea ariakensis. | the valves of oysters act as a physical barrier between tissues and the external environment, thereby protecting the oyster from environmental stress and predation. to better understand differences in shell properties and predation susceptibilities of two physiologically and morphologically similar oysters, crassostrea virginica and crassostrea ariakensis, we quantified and compared two mechanical properties of shells: hardness (resistance to irreversible deformation; gpa) and compressive streng ... | 2013 | 24445443 |
| flow cytometry studies on the populations and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the suminoe oyster, crassostrea ariakensis. | the suminoe oyster crassostrea ariakensis has been attempted to be introduced in the chesapeake bay, usa, as an alternative to the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. commercial production of suminoe oysters is currently restricted due to the incomplete understanding of their biological, physiological and immunological nature. accordingly, understanding immune system of c. ariakensis is crucial to prevent disease associated mortality and subsequent management of the suminoe oyster. we investig ... | 2009 | 19490941 |
| living oysters and their shells as sites of nitrification and denitrification. | oysters provide a critical habitat, are a food resource for higher trophic levels and support important commercial fisheries throughout the world. oyster reefs can improve water quality by removing phytoplankton. while sediment denitrification may be enhanced adjacent to oyster reefs, little is known about nitrification and denitrification associated with living oysters and their shells. we measured nitrification and denitrification in living oysters (crassostrea virginica and crassostrea gigas) ... | 2016 | 27567196 |
| acute effects of non-weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the deepwater horizon incident on the development of marine bivalve and echinoderm larvae. | acute toxicity tests (48-96-h duration) were conducted with larvae of 2 echinoderm species (strongylocentrotus purpuratus and dendraster excentricus) and 4 bivalve mollusk species (crassostrea virginica, crassostrea gigas, mytilus galloprovincialis, and mercenaria mercenaria). developing larvae were exposed to water-accommodated fractions (wafs) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions (cewafs) of fresh and weathered oils collected from the gulf of mexico during the deepwater horizon ... | 2016 | 26749266 |
| developing tools for the study of molluscan immunity: the sequencing of the genome of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, provides important ecological and economical services, making it the target of restoration projects and supporting a significant fishery/aquaculture industry with landings valued at more than $100 million in 2012 in the united states of america. due to the impact of infectious diseases on wild, restored, and cultured populations, the eastern oyster has been the focus of studies on host-pathogen interactions and immunity, as well as the target of selecti ... | 2015 | 25982405 |
| transcriptomic analysis of candidate osmoregulatory genes in the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. | the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, is a euryhaline species that can thrive across a wide range of salinities (5-35). as with all estuarine species, individual oysters must be able to regulate their osmotic balance in response to constant temporal variation in salinity. at the population level, recurrent viability selection may be an additional mechanism shaping adaptive osmoregulatory phenotypes at the margins of oyster salinity tolerance. to identify candidate genes for osmoregulation, ... | 2014 | 24950855 |
| transcriptome analysis reveals a rich gene set related to innate immunity in the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | as a benthic filter-feeder of estuaries, the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, faces tremendous exposure to microbial pathogens. how eastern oysters without adaptive immunity survive in pathogen-rich environments is of fundamental interest, but studies on its immune system are hindered by the lack of genomic resources. we sequenced the transcriptome of an adult oyster with short illumina reads and assembled 66,229 contigs with a n50 length of 1,503 bp. the assembly covered 89.4 % of publish ... | 2014 | 23907648 |
| in vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs. | harmful algal blooms (habs) can have both lethal and sublethal impacts on shellfish. to understand the possible roles of haemocytes in bivalve immune responses to habs and how the algae are affected by these cells (haemocytes), in vitro tests between cultured harmful algal species and haemocytes of the northern quahog (= hard clam) mercenaria mercenaria, the soft-shell clam mya arenaria, the eastern and pacific oysters crassostrea virginica and crassostrea gigas and the manila clam ruditapes phi ... | 2011 | 21340660 |
| characterization of the major plasma protein of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, and a proposed role in host defense. | the major plasma protein of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, was purified, characterized and named dominin. sds-page analyses revealed that dominin consistently made up more than 40% of eastern oyster plasma and extrapallial fluid proteins. three different forms of dominin were observed under non-reducing conditions. pcr and race primers designed from partial amino acid sequences obtained by tandem mass spectrometry of purified dominin identified 720bp of complete cdna encoding 192 ami ... | 2011 | 20601063 |
| proteomic clues to the identification of qx disease-resistance biomarkers in selectively bred sydney rock oysters, saccostrea glomerata. | the sydney rock oyster, saccostrea glomerata, is susceptible to infection by the protozoan parasite, marteilia sydneyi, the causative agent of qx disease. m. sydneyi infection peaks during summer when qx disease can cause up to 95% mortality. the current study takes a proteomic approach using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify markers of qx disease resistance among sydney rock oysters. proteome maps were developed for qx disease-resistant and -susceptible oysters. si ... | 2009 | 19573631 |
| a cdna microarray for crassostrea virginica and c. gigas. | the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, and the pacific oyster, c. gigas, are species of global economic significance as well as important components of estuarine ecosystems and models for genetic and environmental studies. to enhance the molecular tools available for oyster research, an international group of collaborators has constructed a 27,496-feature cdna microarray containing 4460 sequences derived from c. virginica, 2320 from c. gigas, and 16 non-oyster dnas serving as positive and ne ... | 2007 | 17668266 |
| cdna cloning and in situ hybridization of a novel lysozyme in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas. | a novel lysozyme cdna from the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, was identified. this second lysozyme from the pacific oyster was designated as cgl-2. the complete cgl-2 cdna sequence comprises of 536 bp, and 429 bp of the open reading frame encodes 147 bp of amino acid residues. estimated cgl-2 molecular characteristics (isoelectric point and numbers of peptide recognition sites) resembled those of cv-lysozyme 2, a digestive lysozyme of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. moreover, cgl- ... | 2007 | 17584512 |
| complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. | the complete mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica (genbank accession number ay905542) is 17,243 bp in length and contains 2 ribosomal genes, 12 protein-coding genes, and 23 transfer rnas. the arrangement of protein-coding genes is identical to that of the congeneric pacific oyster c. gigas, but trna genes show several duplications and extensive rearrangements between the species. unique features in c. virginica include an additional trnm gene, the absence of an atpase ... | 2008 | 16132463 |
| a centromeric satellite sequence in the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas thunberg) identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | a highly repetitive satellite sequence was previously identified in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas thunberg. the sequence has 168 bp per unit, present in tandem repeats, and accounts for 1% to 4% of the genome. we studied the chromosomal location of this satellite sequence by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). a probe was made by polymerase chain reaction and incorporation of digoxigenin-11-dutp. hybridization was detected with fluorescein-labeled antidigoxigenin antibodies. fish s ... | 2001 | 14961342 |
| laboratory studies of cryopreservation of sperm and trochophore larvae of the eastern oyster. | the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, is the most important cultured oyster species of the atlantic and gulf coasts of the united states. cryopreservation of gametes and larvae of aquatic organisms has increased in importance in recent years. however, studies on the cryopreservation of sperm and larvae of mollusks have focused on the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas. the present study was conducted to improve cryopreservation of sperm and trochophore larvae and to assess fertilizing abilit ... | 2001 | 11888215 |
| purification and partial genome characterization of a herpes-like virus infecting the japanese oyster, crassostrea gigas. | first observed in 1972 in crassostrea virginica, herpes-like viruses of bivalves were more recently found to be associated with high mortality rates in other cultured oyster species, such as crassostrea gigas and ostrea edulis. the diagnosis of herpes-like virus infections is performed currently by laborious histological and transmission electron microscope examinations. preparation of specific reagents for use in more amenable diagnostic techniques prompted purification of virus particles and i ... | 1999 | 10355779 |
| probable neoplastic disease of the hematopoietic system in oysters, crassostrea virginica and crassostrea gigas. | | 1969 | 5374694 |
| sensitivity of eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) spermatozoa and oocytes to dispersed oil: cellular responses and impacts on fertilization and embryogenesis. | the 2010 deepwater horizon (dwh) oil spill released millions of barrels of oil and dispersant into the gulf of mexico. the timing of the spill coincided with the spawning season of crassostrea virginica. consequently, gametes released in the water were likely exposed to oil and dispersant. this study aimed to (i) evaluate the cellular effects of acute exposure of spermatozoa and oocytes to surface slick oil, dispersed mechanically (hewaf) and chemically (cewaf), using flow-cytometric (fcm) analy ... | 2017 | 28343714 |
| effects of florida red tides on histone variant expression and dna methylation in the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. | massive algal proliferations known as harmful algal blooms (habs) represent one of the most important threats to coastal areas. among them, the so-called florida red tides (frts, caused by blooms of the dinoflagellate karenia brevis and associated brevetoxins) are particularly detrimental in the southeastern u.s., causing high mortality rates and annual losses in excess of $40 million. the ability of marine organisms to cope with environmental stressors (including those produced during habs) is ... | 2017 | 28315825 |
| δ(15)n values in crassostrea virginica shells provides early direct evidence for nitrogen loading to chesapeake bay. | crassostrea virginica is one of the most common estuarine bivalves in the united states' east coast and is frequently found in archaeological sites and sub-fossil deposits. although there have been several sclerochronological studies on stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in the shells of this species, less is known about δ(15)n values within their shells, which could be a useful paleoenvironmental proxy to assess estuarine nitrogen dynamics. modern c. virginica samples were collected in chesapeak ... | 2017 | 28281649 |
| identification of cvsi-3 and evidence for the wide distribution and active evolution of the i84 family of protease inhibitors in mollusks. | protease inhibitors are an extremely diverse group of proteins that control the proteolytic activities of proteases and play a crucial role in biological processes including host defenses. the i84 family of protease inhibitors in the merops database currently consists of cvsi-1 and cvsi-2, two novel serine protease inhibitors purified and characterized from the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica plasma and believed to play a role in host defense and disease resistance. in the present study, a ... | 2017 | 28159692 |
| genetic by environmental variation but no local adaptation in oysters (crassostrea virginica). | functional trait variation within and across populations can strongly influence population, community, and ecosystem processes, but the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental factors to this variation are often not clear, potentially complicating conservation and restoration efforts. for example, local adaptation, a particular type of genetic by environmental (g*e) interaction in which the fitness of a population in its own habitat is greater than in other habitats, is often invoked ... | 2017 | 28116064 |
| nitrogen extraction potential of wild and cultured bivalves harvested from nearshore waters of cape cod, usa. | as nitrogen entering coastal waters continues to be an issue, much attention has been generated to identify potential options that may help alleviate this stressor to estuaries, including the propagation of bivalves to remove excess nitrogen. oysters (crassostrea virginica) and quahogs (mercenaria mercenaria) from numerous cape cod, ma, (usa) sources were analyzed for nitrogen content stored in tissues that would represent a net removal of nitrogen from a water body if harvested. results showed ... | 2017 | 28065550 |
| impact of environment and ontogeny on relative fecundity and egg quality of female oysters (crassostrea virginica) from four sites in northern chesapeake bay. | resource allocation to reproduction is a primary physiological concern for individuals, and can vary with age, environment, or a combination of both factors. in this study we quantified the impact of environment and individual age on the reproductive output of female oysters crassostrea virginica. we determined the relative fecundity, egg total lipid content, and overall and omega-3/omega-6 (ω3/ω6) fatty acid signatures (fas) of eggs spawned by female oysters over a 2-year period (n = 32 and n = ... | 2016 | 28048960 |
| geohistorical records indicate no impact of the deepwater horizon oil spill on oyster body size. | documentation of the near- and long-term effects of the deepwater horizon (dwh) oil spill, one of the largest environmental disasters in us history, is still ongoing. we used a novel before-after-control-impact analysis to test the hypothesis that average body size of intertidal populations of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) inhabiting impacted areas in louisiana decreased due to increased stress/mortality related to the oil spill. time-averaged death assemblages of oysters were used ... | 2016 | 28018663 |
| phylogenetic analysis of molluscan metallothioneins: evolutionary insight from crassostrea virginica. | mechanisms by which organisms genetically adapt to environmental conditions are of fundamental importance to studies of evolutionary biology and environmental physiology. natural selection acts on existing genetic variation leading to adaptation through selection of new mutations that confer beneficial advantages to populations. the american oyster, crassostrea virginica, is an excellent model to investigate interactions between environmental and ecological factors as driving forces for natural ... | 2016 | 27677291 |
| photo-enhanced toxicity of two weathered macondo crude oils to early life stages of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) have been reported to absorb ultraviolet (uv) light, resulting in enhanced toxicity. early developmental stages of bivalves may be particularly susceptible to photo-enhanced toxicity during oil spills. in the current study, toxicity tests were conducted with sperm and three larval ages of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) to evaluate the photo-enhanced toxicity of low-energy water-accommodated fractions (wafs) of two weathered macondo crude oils c ... | 2016 | 27726932 |
| the effect of lipid extraction on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in oyster tissues: implications for glycogen-rich species. | extraction of lipids from tissues prior to carbon stable isotope analysis (sia) has become a common practice, despite a lack of species-specific data to indicate when lipid extraction is needed. marine invertebrates, including bivalves, are known to store carbon as glycogen and less in the form of lipids than other species, potentially reducing the need for lipid extraction even when c:n values are above 3.5, a value that previous studies suggest indicates a need for lipid extraction of animal t ... | 2016 | 27709696 |
| effects of intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress and protein degradation in molluscan mitochondria. | oxygen fluctuations represent a common stressor in estuarine and intertidal environments and can compromise the mitochondrial integrity and function in marine organisms. we assessed the role of mitochondrial protection mechanisms (atp-dependent and -independent mitochondrial proteases, and antioxidants) in tolerance to intermittent hypoxia or anoxia in three species of marine bivalves: hypoxia-tolerant hard clams (mercenaria mercenaria) and oysters (crassostrea virginica), and a hypoxia-sensitiv ... | 2016 | 27655555 |
| transcriptomic evaluation of the american oyster, crassostrea virginica, deployed during the deepwater horizon oil spill: evidence of an active hydrocarbon response pathway. | estuarine organisms were impacted by the deepwater horizon oil spill which released ∼5 million barrels of crude oil into the gulf of mexico in the spring and summer of 2010. crassostrea virginica, the american oyster, is a keystone species in these coastal estuaries and is routinely used for environmental monitoring purposes. however, very little is known about their cellular and molecular responses to hydrocarbon exposure. in response to the spill, a monitoring program was initiated by deployin ... | 2016 | 27564836 |
| effects of co-varying diel-cycling hypoxia and ph on growth in the juvenile eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | shallow water provides important habitat for many species, but also exposes these organisms to daily fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (do) and ph caused by cycles in the balance between photosynthesis and respiration that can contribute to repeated, brief periods of hypoxia and low ph (caused by elevated pco2). the amplitude of these cycles, and the severity and duration of hypoxia and hypercapnia that result, can be increased by eutrophication, and are predicted to worsen with climate change. w ... | 2016 | 27548256 |
| innervation of gill lateral cells in the bivalve mollusc crassostrea virginica affects cellular membrane potential and cilia activity. | gill lateral cells of crassostrea virginica are innervated by the branchial nerve, which contains serotonergic and dopaminergic fibers that regulate cilia beating rate. terminal release of serotonin or dopamine results in an increase or decrease, respectively, of cilia beating rate in lateral gill cells. in this study we used the voltage sensitive fluorescent probe dibac4(3) to quantify changes in gill lateral cell membrane potential in response to electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve o ... | 2016 | 27489887 |
| effects of intraspecific diversity on survivorship, growth, and recruitment of the eastern oyster across sites. | intraspecific diversity, particularly of foundation species, can significantly affect population, community, and ecosystem processes. examining how genetic diversity relates to demographic traits provides a key mechanistic link from genotypic and phenotypic variation of taxa with complex life histories to their population dynamics. we conducted a field experiment to assess how two metrics of intraspecific diversity (cohort diversity, the number of independent juvenile cohorts created from differ ... | 2016 | 27459782 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of deepwater horizon slick oil and dispersant on oyster (crassostrea virginica) larvae. | in april 2010, crude oil was spilled from the deepwater horizon (dwh) oil platform for 87 days, coincident with the spawning season and recruitment of the oyster, crassostrea virginica, in the gulf of mexico. impacts of acute exposures to surface-collected dwh oil (hewaf), dispersed oil (cewaf) and dispersant alone (corexit 9500a(®)) on planktonic larval stages of c. virginica (veliger, umbo and pediveliger) were tested in the laboratory. exposures to hewaf, cewaf and dispersant were toxic to la ... | 2016 | 27423003 |
| bivalve aquaculture-environment interactions in the context of climate change. | coastal embayments are at risk of impacts by climate change drivers such as ocean warming, sea level rise and alteration in precipitation regimes. the response of the ecosystem to these drivers is highly dependent on their magnitude of change, but also on physical characteristics such as bay morphology and river discharge, which play key roles in water residence time and hence estuarine functioning. these considerations are especially relevant for bivalve aquaculture sites, where the cultured bi ... | 2016 | 27324415 |
| millennial-scale sustainability of the chesapeake bay native american oyster fishery. | estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. oysters (ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. in north america's chesapeake bay, once-thriving eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. here we present data on oyster size ... | 2016 | 27217572 |
| effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the physical, microbial, and chemical attributes of oysters (crassostrea virginica). | the change in the quality attributes (physical, microbial, and chemical) of oysters (crassostrea virginica) after high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment at 300 mpa at room temperature (rt, 25 °c) 300, 450, and 500 mpa at 0 °c for 2 min and control oysters without treatment were evaluated over 3 wk. the texture and tissue yield percentages of oysters hhp treated at 300 mpa, rt increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to control. aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria in control oysters reached ... | 2016 | 27074447 |
| aneuploid progeny of the american oyster, crassostrea virginica, produced by tetraploid × diploid crosses: another example of chromosome instability in polyploid oysters. | the commercial production of triploids, and the creation of tetraploid broodstock to support it, has become an important technique in aquaculture of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. tetraploids are produced by cytogenetic manipulation of embryos and have been shown to undergo chromosome loss (to become a mosaic) with unknown consequences for breeding. our objective was to determine the extent of aneuploidy in triploid progeny produced from both mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploids. six fa ... | 2016 | 27070368 |
| unusually abundant and large ciliate xenomas in oysters, crassostrea virginica, from great bay, new hampshire, usa. | during routine histological examination of oysters (crassostrea virginica) from great bay, new hampshire, usa, a high prevalence and intensity of ciliate xenomas has been noted since sampling began in 1997. xenomas are hypertrophic lesions on the gills of bivalve molluscs caused by intracellular ciliates, likely sphenophrya sp. although not known to cause mortality in oysters, xenomas have not previously been reported at this high abundance. the objectives of this study were to characterize the ... | 2016 | 27063402 |
| multi-species protein similarity clustering reveals novel expanded immune gene families in the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. | comparative genomics research in non-model species has highlighted how invertebrate hosts possess complex diversified repertoires of immune molecules. the levels of diversification in particular immune gene families appear to differ between invertebrate lineages and even between species within lineages, reflecting differences not only in evolutionary histories, but also in life histories, environmental niches, and pathogen exposures. the goal of this research was to identify immune-related gene ... | 2016 | 27033806 |
| chronic effects of non-weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the deepwater horizon incident on development of larvae of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | the present study examined the effects of chronic exposure of eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) larvae to the water-accommodated fractions of fresh and weathered oils collected from the deepwater horizon incident, with and without additions of the dispersant corexit 9500a, as well as to solutions of corexit alone. both shell growth of larvae exposed to test materials for a period of 10 d and larval settlement after 28 d of exposure were the most sensitive endpoints, with the 10-d growth end ... | 2016 | 26749151 |
| interactive effects of copper exposure and environmental hypercapnia on immune functions of marine bivalves crassostrea virginica and mercenaria mercenaria. | estuarine organisms such as bivalves are commonly exposed to trace metals such as copper (cu) and hypercapnia (elevated co2 levels) in their habitats, which may affect their physiology and immune function. this study investigated the combined effects of elevated co2 levels (∼800-2000 μatm pco2, such as predicted by the near-future scenarios of global climate change) and cu (50 μg l(-1)) on immune functions of the sediment dwelling hard clams mercenaria mercenaria and an epifaunal bivalve, the ea ... | 2016 | 26700170 |
| proteomic characterization of mucosal secretions in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | the soft body surface of marine invertebrates is covered by a layer of mucus, a slippery gel secreted by mucocytes lining epithelia. the functions of this gel are diverse including locomotion, cleansing, food particles processing and defense against physicochemical injuries and infectious agents. in oysters, mucus covering pallial organs has been demonstrated to have a major importance in the processing of food particles and in the interactions with waterborne pathogens. given the limited inform ... | 2016 | 26612663 |
| prey size structure diminishes cascading effects by increasing interference competition and predation among prey. | the size of an organism can change by orders of magnitude during its lifespan. size can determine whether an individual consumes, is consumed, competes, or avoids individuals of the same or different species. two complementary mesocosm experiments with a tri-trophic food chain (top predator, toadfish, opsanus tau; intermediate prey, mud crab, family xanthidae; basal resource, oyster, crassostrea virginica) were conducted to measure how the size of both the top predator and the intermediate prey ... | 2015 | 26594709 |
| presence of octopamine and an octopamine receptor in crassostrea virginica. | octopamine is a biogenic amine first identified in octopus. it has been well studied in arthropods and a few gastropods, serving as a neurotransmitter and hormone. the presence of octopamine has rarely been reported in bivalves and has not been reported in crassostrea virginica. we utilized hplc to identify and measure octopamine in cerebral ganglia, visceral ganglia, gill, palps, mantle, heart and hemolymph of c. virginica. endogenous octopamine levels increased when animals were treated with t ... | 2015 | 26594670 |
| are oysters being bored to death? influence of cliona celata on crassostrea virginica condition, growth and survival. | the boring sponge cliona celata is a nuisance species that can have deleterious effects on eastern oyster crassostrea virginica growth, condition, and survival. surprisingly, however, these effects have not been well documented and when examined, results have been equi-vocal. in this study, we provide a direct comparison of growth, condition, and survival of sponge-colonized and uncolonized oysters in southeast north carolina in 2 separate experiments. in the first experiment, sponge-colonized o ... | 2015 | 26575154 |
| assessing shoreline exposure and oyster habitat suitability maximizes potential success for sustainable shoreline protection using restored oyster reefs. | oyster reefs provide valuable ecosystem services that contribute to coastal resilience. unfortunately, many reefs have been degraded or removed completely, and there are increased efforts to restore oysters in many coastal areas. in particular, much attention has recently been given to the restoration of shellfish reefs along eroding shorelines to reduce erosion. such fringing reef approaches, however, often lack empirical data to identify locations where reefs are most effective in reducing mar ... | 2015 | 26500825 |
| oyster reef restoration supports increased nekton biomass and potential commercial fishery value. | across the globe, discussions centered on the value of nature drive many conservation and restoration decisions. as a result, justification for management activities increasingly asks for two lines of evidence: (1) biological proof of augmented ecosystem function or service, and (2) monetary valuation of these services. for oyster reefs, which have seen significant global declines and increasing restoration work, the need to provide both biological and monetary evidence of reef services on a loc ... | 2015 | 26336635 |
| directional flow sensing by passively stable larvae. | mollusk larvae have a stable, velum-up orientation that may influence how they sense and react to hydrodynamic signals applied in different directions. directional sensing abilities and responses could affect how a larva interacts with anisotropic fluid motions, including those in feeding currents and in boundary layers encountered during settlement. oyster larvae (crassostrea virginica) were exposed to simple shear in a couette device and to solid-body rotation in a single rotating cylinder. bo ... | 2015 | 26333930 |
| impacts of deepwater horizon oil and associated dispersant on early development of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. | the explosion of the deepwater horizon (dwh) oil platform resulted in large amounts of crude oil and dispersant corexit 9500a® released into the gulf of mexico and coincided with the spawning season of the oyster, crassostrea virginica. the effects of exposing gametes and embryos of c. virginica to dispersant alone (corexit), mechanically (hewaf) and chemically dispersed (cewaf) dwh oil were evaluated. fertilization success and the morphological development, growth, and survival of larvae were a ... | 2015 | 26320981 |
| effects of cadmium exposure on critical temperatures of aerobic metabolism in eastern oysters crassostrea virginica (gmelin, 1791). | cadmium (cd) and elevated temperatures are common stressors in estuarine and coastal environments. elevated temperature can sensitize estuarine organisms to the toxicity of metals such as cd and vice versa, but the physiological mechanisms of temperature-cd interactions are not well understood. we tested a hypothesis that interactive effects of elevated temperature and cd stress involve cd-induced reduction of the aerobic scope of an organism thereby narrowing the thermal tolerance window of oys ... | 2015 | 26276356 |
| an examination of the ingestion, bioaccumulation, and depuration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by the blue mussel (mytilus edulis) and the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | the production rates of titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles for consumer products far exceed the pace at which research can determine the effects of these particles in the natural environment. sedentary organisms such as suspension-feeding bivalves are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants, such as nanoparticles, that enter coastal environments. the purpose of this work was to examine the ingestion, bioaccumulation, and depuration rates of tio2 nanoparticles by two species of s ... | 2015 | 26263835 |
| reef-specific patterns of gene expression plasticity in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica). | understanding the interaction between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary processes is important for predicting a species' response to changing environment. strong recurrent selection each generation may be an important process in highly fecund species with broad dispersal and extensive early mortality. we tested whether selection was associated with spatial divergence in gene expression plasticity for osmoregulation in the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). we collected adult oysters fr ... | 2016 | 26245921 |
| cellular responses of eastern oysters, crassostrea virginica, to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. | because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. in these studies, adult eastern oysters, crassostrea v ... | 2015 | 26198136 |
| directional flow sensing by passively stable larvae. | mollusc larvae have a stable, velum-up orientation that may influence how they sense and react to hydrodynamic signals applied in different directions. directional sensing abilities and responses could affect how a larva interacts with anisotropic fluid motions, including those in feeding currents and in boundary layers encountered during settlement. oyster larvae (crassostrea virginica) were exposed to simple shear in a couette device and to solid-body rotation in a single rotating cylinder. bo ... | 2015 | 26163578 |
| the presence of histamine and a histamine receptor in the bivalve mollusc, crassostrea virginica. | histamine, a biogenic amine, is a neurotransmitter in neurons and sensory receptors in invertebrates. histamine has rarely been reported in bivalves. we used hplc with pre-column derivatization using 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde (nda) as a fluorescent labeling agent to measure histamine in ganglia, and peripheral tissues of the oyster crassostrea virginica. we also used western blot technique to look for the presence of a histamine receptor in the mantle rim. hplc results found histamine pres ... | 2015 | 26120600 |
| ocean acidification impairs crab foraging behaviour. | anthropogenic elevation of atmospheric co2 is driving global-scale ocean acidification, which consequently influences calcification rates of many marine invertebrates and potentially alters their susceptibility to predation. ocean acidification may also impair an organism's ability to process environmental and biological cues. these counteracting impacts make it challenging to predict how acidification will alter species interactions and community structure. to examine effects of acidification o ... | 2015 | 26108629 |
| soundscape manipulation enhances larval recruitment of a reef-building mollusk. | marine seafloor ecosystems, and efforts to restore them, depend critically on the influx and settlement of larvae following their pelagic dispersal period. larval dispersal and settlement patterns are driven by a combination of physical oceanography and behavioral responses of larvae to a suite of sensory cues both in the water column and at settlement sites. there is growing evidence that the biological and physical sounds associated with adult habitats (i.e., the "soundscape") influence larval ... | 2015 | 26056624 |
| effects of environmental hypercapnia and metal (cd and cu) exposure on acid-base and metal homeostasis of marine bivalves. | elevated co2 levels reduce seawater ph and may affect bioavailability of trace metals in estuaries. we studied the interactive effects of common metal pollutants (50 μg l(-1) cd or cu) and pco2 (~395, 800 and 2000 μatm) on metal levels, intracellular ph, expression of metal binding proteins and stress biomarkers in estuarine bivalves crassostrea virginica (oysters) and mercenaria mercenaria (hard clams). cd (but not cu or hypercapnia) exposure affected the acid-base balance of hemocytes resultin ... | 2015 | 26008775 |
| composition, shell strength, and metabolizable energy of mulinia lateralis and ischadium recurvum as food for wintering surf scoters (melanitta perspicillata). | decline in surf scoter (melanitta perspicillata) waterfowl populations wintering in the chesapeake bay has been associated with changes in the availability of benthic bivalves. the bay has become more eutrophic, causing changes in the benthos available to surf scoters. the subsequent decline in oyster beds (crassostrea virginica) has reduced the hard substrate needed by the hooked mussel (ischadium recurvum), one of the primary prey items for surf scoters, causing the surf scoter to switch to a ... | 2015 | 25978636 |
| a multi-module approach to calculation of oyster (crassostrea virginica) environmental benefits. | environmental benefits are one of the motivations for management restoration of depleted bivalve populations. we describe a series of linked modules for benefits calculation. the modules include: oyster (crassostrea virginica) bioenergetics, materials transport via the tidal prism, and benefits quantification. quantified benefits include carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal and shell production. the modules are demonstrated through application to the great wicomico river, a tributary of ches ... | 2015 | 25924786 |
| hydrodynamic sensing and behavior by oyster larvae in turbulence and waves. | hydrodynamic signals from turbulence and waves may provide marine invertebrate larvae with behavioral cues that affect the pathways and energetic costs of larval delivery to adult habitats. oysters (crassostrea virginica) live in sheltered estuaries with strong turbulence and small waves, but their larvae can be transported into coastal waters with large waves. these contrasting environments have different ranges of hydrodynamic signals, because turbulence generally produces higher spatial veloc ... | 2015 | 25788721 |
| susceptibility of gametes and embryos of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, to karenia brevis and its toxins. | the bivalve mollusc, crassostrea virginica, is frequently exposed to blooms of karenia brevis along the west coast of florida during periods of spawning and early larval development. a continuous 4-day exposure of gametes and 2-4 cell stage embryos of c. virginica to whole-cell and culture filtrate of k. brevis at 500 and 5000 cells ml(-1), was followed by a 4-day 'recovery' period. larval growth, percent of normal, abnormal and dead larvae, and the presence of food in the larval gut were measur ... | 2015 | 25771241 |
| classifying bivalve larvae using shell pigments identified by raman spectroscopy. | because bivalve larvae are difficult to identify using morphology alone, the use of raman spectra to distinguish species could aid classification of larvae collected from the field. raman spectra from shells of bivalve larvae exhibit bands that correspond to polyene pigments. this study determined if the types of shell pigments observed in different species could be unique enough to differentiate larvae using chemotaxonomic methods and cluster analysis. we collected raman spectra at three wavele ... | 2015 | 25757826 |
| uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, perna viridis, during natural karenia brevis blooms in southwest florida. | perna viridis is a recently introduced species to us coastal waters and have vigorously spread throughout the southeastern seaboard since their invasion. little information regarding their response to local environmental factors has been reported including responses to the local hab species, karenia brevis. this study monitored the tissue toxin concentration of brevetoxins in p. viridis from existing populations throughout two consecutive natural k. brevis blooms. the results showed p. viridis t ... | 2015 | 25681577 |
| metagenomic assessment of the eastern oyster-associated microbiota. | bacteria associated with the eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) native to apalachicola bay, fl, were investigated using 16s rrna gene amplicon metagenomic sequencing which revealed that the oyster microbiome was predominated by cyanobacteria and proteobacteria. we also found that the oyster tissues were predominated by the pathogenic and symbiotic photobacterium spp. (formerly known as vibrio damselae). | 2014 | 25342691 |
| draft genome sequence of the oyster larval probiotic bacterium vibrio sp. strain oy15. | we report the draft genome sequence of vibrio sp. strain oy15, a gram-negative marine bacterium isolated from an oyster (crassostrea virginica) digestive tract and shown to possess probiotic activity. the availability of this genome sequence will facilitate the study of the mechanisms of probiotic activity as well as virulence capacity. | 2014 | 25278542 |
| transcriptome of american oysters, crassostrea virginica, in response to bacterial challenge: insights into potential mechanisms of disease resistance. | the american oyster crassostrea virginica, an ecologically and economically important estuarine organism, can suffer high mortalities in areas in the northeast united states due to roseovarius oyster disease (rod), caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen roseovarius crassostreae. the goals of this research were to provide insights into: 1) the responses of american oysters to r. crassostreae, and 2) potential mechanisms of resistance or susceptibility to rod. the responses of oysters to b ... | 2014 | 25122115 |
| effects of the red tide dinoflagellate, karenia brevis, on early development of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica and northern quahog mercenaria mercenaria. | the brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate, karenia brevis, adversely affects many shellfish species including the commercially and ecologically important bivalve molluscs, the northern quahog (=hard clam) mercenaria mercenaria and eastern oyster crassostrea virginica, in the gulf of mexico, usa. this study assessed the effects of exposure of these bivalves to k. brevis during their early development. in separate experiments, embryos of 2-4 cell stage of m. mercenaria and c. virginica were exposed ... | 2014 | 25046170 |
| spatial genetic features of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica gmelin) in the gulf of mexico: northward movement of a secondary contact zone. | the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica gmelin) is an economically and ecologically valuable marine bivalve occurring in the gulf of mexico. this study builds upon previous research that identified two divergent populations of eastern oysters in the western gulf of mexico. allelic and genotypic patterns from 11 microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic structure and migration between the previously described oyster populations in texas. the main findings are as follows: (1) there are ... | 2014 | 24967084 |
| fluxomics of the eastern oyster for environmental stress studies. | the metabolism of 2-13c/15n-glycine and u-13c-glucose was determined in four tissue blocks (adductor muscle, stomach and digestive gland, mantle, and gills) of the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) using proton (1h) and carbon-13 (13c) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the oysters were treated in aerated seawater with three treatments (5.5 mm u-13c-glucose, 2.7 mm 2-13c/15n-glycine, and 5.5 mm u-13c-glucose plus 2.7 mm 2-13c/15n-glycine) and the relative mass balance and 13c fr ... | 2014 | 24958387 |
| improving management support tools for reintroducing bivalve species (eastern oyster [crassostrea virginica gmelin]) in urban estuaries. | successful reintroduction of "ecologically extinct" bivalve species into anthropogenically impaired urban estuaries is problematic when employing existing management tools used in estuaries where bivalves are present (gis-based restoration models, expanding existing shellfish beds, placement of shell substrate, physical oceanographic parameters). a significant management challenge is appropriate site selection. we are proposing the inclusion of a biological parameter (evaluation of tissue histop ... | 2014 | 24917493 |
| trait-mediated functional responses: predator behavioural type mediates prey consumption. | the predator functional response (i.e. per capita consumption rate as a function of prey density) is central to our understanding of predator-prey population dynamics. this response is behavioural, depending on the rate of attack and time it takes to handle prey. consistent behavioural differences among conspecific individuals, termed behavioural types, are a widespread feature of predator and prey populations but the effects of behavioural types on the functional response remain unexplored. we ... | 2014 | 24749626 |
| a non-native prey mediates the effects of a shared predator on an ecosystem service. | non-native species can alter ecosystem functions performed by native species often by displacing influential native species. however, little is known about how ecosystem functions may be modified by trait-mediated indirect effects of non-native species. oysters and other reef-associated filter feeders enhance water quality by controlling nutrients and contaminants in many estuarine environments. however, this ecosystem service may be mitigated by predation, competition, or other species interact ... | 2014 | 24718023 |
| effect of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) on sediment carbon and nitrogen dynamics in an urban estuary. | oyster reefs have declined globally. interest in their restoration has motivated research into oyster-mediated ecosystem services including effects on biodiversity, filtration, and nitrogen (n) cycling. recent evidence suggests oysters may promote denitrification, or anaerobic respiration of nitrate (no3-) into di-nitrogen gas, via benthic deposition of carbon (c) and n-rich biodeposits. however, the mechanisms whereby biodeposits promote n transformations prerequisite to denitrification (e.g., ... | 2014 | 24689140 |
| immunomodulation by the interactive effects of cadmium and hypercapnia in marine bivalves crassostrea virginica and mercenaria mercenaria. | estuarine organisms are exposed to multiple stressors including large fluctuations in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p2co) and concentrations of trace metals such as cadmium (cd) that can affect their survival and fitness. ocean acidification due to the increasing atmospheric (p2co) leads to a decrease in ph and shifts in the carbonate chemistry of seawater which can change bioavailability and toxicity of metals. we studied the interactive effects of (p2co) and cd exposure on metal levels, ... | 2014 | 24594010 |
| interactive effects of co₂ and trace metals on the proteasome activity and cellular stress response of marine bivalves crassostrea virginica and mercenaria mercenaria. | increased anthropogenic emission of co2 changes the carbonate chemistry and decreases the ph of the ocean. this can affect the speciation and the bioavailability of metals in polluted habitats such as estuaries. however, the effects of acidification on metal accumulation and stress response in estuarine organisms including bivalves are poorly understood. we studied the interactive effects of co2 and two common metal pollutants, copper (cu) and cadmium (cd), on metal accumulation, intracellular a ... | 2014 | 24572072 |
| interactive effects of mosquito control insecticide toxicity, hypoxia, and increased carbon dioxide on larval and juvenile eastern oysters and hard clams. | mosquito control insecticide use in the coastal zone coincides with the habitat and mariculture operations of commercially and ecologically important shellfish species. few data are available regarding insecticide toxicity to shellfish early life stages, and potential interactions with abiotic stressors, such as low oxygen and increased co2 (low ph), are less understood. toxicity was assessed at 4 and 21 days for larval and juvenile stages of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, and the ha ... | 2014 | 24531857 |
| physiological response and resilience of early life-stage eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) to past, present and future ocean acidification. | the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica (gmelin, 1791), is the second most valuable bivalve fishery in the usa and is sensitive to high levels of partial pressure of co2 (pco2). here we present experiments that comprehensively examined how the ocean's past, present and projected (21st and 22nd centuries) co2 concentrations impact the growth and physiology of larval stages of c. virginica. crassostrea virginica larvae grown in present-day pco2 concentrations (380 μatm) displayed higher growth a ... | 2014 | 27293625 |
| tandem repeat-containing mites in the clam donax trunculus. | two distinct classes of repetitive sequences, interspersed mobile elements and satellite dnas, shape eukaryotic genomes and drive their evolution. short arrays of tandem repeats can also be present within nonautonomous miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (mites). in the clam donax trunculus, we characterized a composite, high copy number mite, named dtc84. it is composed of a central region built of up to five core repeats linked to a microsatellite segment at one array end and flank ... | 2013 | 24317975 |
| interactive effects of ph and metals on mitochondrial functions of intertidal bivalves crassostrea virginica and mercenaria mercenaria. | intertidal bivalves experience broad fluctuations of environmental temperature, ph and oxygen content which could change their intracellular ph. they are also exposed to trace metals such as cadmium (cd) and copper (cu) that accumulate in their tissues and may negatively affect mitochondrial functions and bioenergetics. we determined the interactive effects of ph and trace metals (25 μm cd or cu) on mitochondrial functions (including respiration and membrane potentials in both adp-stimulated (st ... | 2013 | 24211794 |
| oyster larvae settle in response to habitat-associated underwater sounds. | following a planktonic dispersal period of days to months, the larvae of benthic marine organisms must locate suitable seafloor habitat in which to settle and metamorphose. for animals that are sessile or sedentary as adults, settlement onto substrates that are adequate for survival and reproduction is particularly critical, yet represents a challenge since patchily distributed settlement sites may be difficult to find along a coast or within an estuary. recent studies have demonstrated that the ... | 2013 | 24205381 |
| host and parasite recruitment correlated at a regional scale. | drivers of large-scale variability in parasite prevalence are not well understood. for logistical reasons, explorations of spatial patterns in parasites are often performed as observational studies. however, to understand the mechanisms that underlie these spatial patterns, standardized and controlled comparisons are needed. here, we examined spatial variability in infection of an important fishery species and ecosystem engineer, the oyster (crassostrea virginica) by its pea crab parasite (zaops ... | 2014 | 24193001 |
| biophysical constraints on optimal patch lengths for settlement of a reef-building bivalve. | reef-building species form discrete patches atop soft sediments, and reef restoration often involves depositing solid material as a substrate for larval settlement and growth. there have been few theoretical efforts to optimize the physical characteristics of a restored reef patch to achieve high recruitment rates. the delivery of competent larvae to a reef patch is influenced by larval behavior and by physical habitat characteristics such as substrate roughness, patch length, current speed, and ... | 2013 | 23977059 |