| schistosomiasis. paraplegia and ectopic skin lesions as admission symptoms. | a 33-year-old man, who had been a teacher in africa from 1966 to 1969, was hospitalizaed in december 1973 for radiculomyelitis with progressive paraplegia and analgesia of the lower limbs. on his fourth day in the hospital, a pruritic, papular dermatitis appeared on both lower thoracic paraspinal areas. microscopical examination of biopsy specimens of skin from those areas showed schistosome ova within many palisading granulomas in the dermis. the morphological features of the skin lesions, as s ... | 1976 | 1275524 |
| cutaneous ectopic schistosomiasis. | | 1976 | 1276065 |
| multispecies schistosomal infections of the female genital tract detected in cytology smears. | egg morphology of schistosomes affecting man in africa is described and illustrated with particular reference to the appearance of the ova of s. haematobium, s. mansoni and s. mattheei in papanicolaou stained smears. | 1976 | 1066941 |
| circadian and other rhythms of parasites. | | 1975 | 1094812 |
| [hematuria in a traveling doctor]. | | 1992 | 1292606 |
| are there stage-characteristic immunofluorescence patterns in schistosomiasis? | | 1975 | 1101463 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in malaysia--a case report. | an imported case of schistosoma haematobium infection presenting with haematuria and proteinuria is described. this would constitute a first case of urinary schistosomiasis in malaysia. the patient failed to respond to multiple antibiotic treatment and was successfully treated with praziquantel. | 1992 | 1303489 |
| bilharzia in a small irrigation community: an assessment of water and toilet usage. | a questionnaire study was conducted in the mushandike small scale irrigation schemes in zimbabwe to investigate the following: 1) to establish whether field latrines are used or not; 2) to find out why people visit natural water bodies for bathing and laundry instead of using water from boreholes for these purposes; 3) to assess people's knowledge on the transmission and control of schistosomiasis. results of the study indicated that the field latrines are utilised and that the borehole water is ... | 1992 | 1340796 |
| [bilharziasis]. | | 1975 | 1145073 |
| the pathology of schistosomiasis in ibadan, nigeria with special reference to the appendix, brain, pancreas and genital organs. | examination of 499 autopsies in ibadan revealed s. haematobium infection in 98. digest and histopathologic data were recorded for 88 of these cases (54 males and 34 females). the intensity of schistosomal infection was classified as mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of the egg load per gram of bladder tissue. the majority of cases (64%) demonstrated mild infection. although the frequency of infection increased with age in males, the intensity decreased significnatly after age 40. chang ... | 1975 | 1145708 |
| seasonal population densities of snails transmitting urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis in lusaka, zambia. | the two molluscan intermediate hosts of s. haematobium schistosomiasis: bulinus africanus and bulinus globosus, were found most commonly in habitats that retained water for a substantial part of the year rather than in temporary rain-filled pools. biomphalaria pfeifferi which transmits s. mansoni were found principally in streams and impoundments like dams but scarce in rivers. in a permanent habitat, the peak density of snails was between the warm, dry months of august and september while in a ... | 1975 | 1169833 |
| present situation of schistosomiasis in the libyan arab republic. i. bilharziasis in ubari district in fezzan (sebha governorate. | a survey for urinary schistosomiasis was conducted in all the schools (18 in number) of ubari district (sebha governorate) of the libyan arab republic. out of 1874, school pupils examined 99 proved positive at the rate of 5.3 percent. boys were more infected than girls and the peak of infection was at eleven years. the intensity of infection was light. new foci were detected in five towns and villages brignging up the total number to 20 out of 31. samples of population in nine towns and villages ... | 1975 | 1181169 |
| parasites and cancer. | | 1975 | 1181170 |
| relationship between pure schistosoma haematobium infection in upper egypt and irrigation systems. part 1: methods of study. | four villages in assiut governorate were studied. they were matched for availability and time of introduction of medical services, the size of population and the socioeconomic status. one village had a basin system of irrigation. the other three villages had perennial irrigation introduced at different dates. a sketch map of each village was made showing the location of every house and the irrigation channels. total coverage was intended in gezirat el-maabda (with basin irrigation) and nazza kar ... | 1975 | 1230346 |
| relationship between pure schistosoma haematobium infection in upper egypt and irrigation systems. part ii: host characteristics. the general prevalence of schistosoma haematobium, age and sex distribution. | the epidemiology of bilharziasis was studied in four villages in assiut governorate. these villages were almost similar with respect to their socioeconomic conditions, modes of living, availability and date of introduction of medical services. the first village, gezirat el-maabda, has a basin system of irrigation. the other three villages had shifted to the perennial system of irrigation for three years in nazza karrar, 26 years in el-ghorayeb and 95 years in garf sarhan and were similar with re ... | 1975 | 1230347 |
| relationship between pure schistosoma haematobium infection in upper egypt and irrigation systems. part iii: host characteristics. the prevalence of s. haematobium in relation to religon, occupation, and habits. | study of the effect of religion on the prevalence of s. haematobium infection revealed that ablution and other muslims rituals do not represent an important factor in the prevalence of s. haematobium. data concerning the effect of education on the prevalence of s. haematobium show that it has no significant role when similar age groups were compared. farming was shown to be the occupation of leading importance with rest to exposure to s. haematobium infection, as farmers and farm labourer const ... | 1975 | 1230348 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the integumental surfaces of schistosoma haematobium. | the integumental surfaces of critical point dried s. haematobium were studied by scanning electron microscopy at 34 to 8,000 magnifications. there are marked differences between the surface structures of male and female as well as from one part of the same parasite to another. the surface of the male schistosome is moderately rough while that of the female is relatively smooth. sem reveals certain basic features such as spines in the oral sucker and the acetabulum of both sexes which may facilit ... | 1976 | 1255386 |
| [determination of parasite-specific antibodies during human schistosomiasis--diagnostic relevance]. | sera from patients with schistosomiasis (schistosoma mansoni or s. haematobium) were examined for the presence of parasite specific antibodies (total antibodies), specific ige and igg4 antibodies by means fo elisa technique using antigens prepared from adult worms of s. mansoni. individuals from tropical countries who had no schistosomiasis and blood donors from germany were studied for comparison. significantly higher levels of specific antibodies were given by sera from patients with schistoso ... | 1992 | 1416221 |
| snail predation by larvae of sepedon scapularis adams (diptera: sciomyzidae), a potential biocontrol agent of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in south africa. | malacophagous larvae of the fly sepedon scapularis adams were shown experimentally to be effective predators of three species of aquatic pulmonate snails tested as prey: bulinus africanus (krauss) an important intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium (bilharz), bulinus tropicus (krauss) and the invasive species physa acuta draparnaud. survival of s. scapularis larvae from instar to instar was negatively affected by the size of prey snails, since larvae tended to be asphyxiated by the mucous ... | 1992 | 1421496 |
| [case of renal calculi with coexisting schistosoma haematobium in the kidney]. | | 1975 | 1118415 |
| the timing of reproductive cell development and movement in schistosoma mansoni, s. japonicum, and s. haematobium, using techniques of autoradiography and transplantation. | tritiated thymidine was incorporated into gonial and vitelline cells of male and female schistosoma mansoni, s. japonicum, and s. haematobium after 2 hr of incubation. spermatogonial cells developed into labeled mature sperm after 6 days of transplantation in all species. insemination of females was detected on the same day indicating copulation is frequent. oogonia labeled in the initial incubation matured into primary oocytes after 7 days of transplantation for s. mansoni and s. haematobium an ... | 1976 | 1263031 |
| schistosomiasis at loum, cameroun; schistosoma haematobium, s. intercalatum and their natural hybrid. | a survey of 500 schoolchildren in loum in 1968 revealed an overall infection rate of 54.2% with schistosoma intercalatum and this was the only species of schistosome encountered. in 1972 a number of children were found to be passing schistosome eggs in their urine and these eggs ranged in shape and size from the forms characteristic for s. haematobium to those of s. intercalatum. preliminary laboratory studies demonstrated that hybridisation between the two species was occurring. subsequent fiel ... | 1976 | 1274385 |
| the effect of ultra-violet radiation on cercariae of schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium. | | 1975 | 1184943 |
| improved diagnostic performance of the circulating antigen assay in human schistosomiasis by parallel testing for circulating anodic and cathodic antigens in serum and urine. | serum and urine levels of two schistosoma circulating antigens, the circulating anodic antigen (caa) and the circulating cathodic antigen (cca), were determined by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 56 egyptian patients infected with s. mansoni and in 12 patients infected with both s. mansoni and s. haematobium. both caa and cca could be specifically demonstrated in 82% and 88% of the serum samples and in 88% and 87% of the urine samples, respectively. while complete ... | 1992 | 1443344 |
| cystic teratoma of ovary associated with schistosomiasis. | | 1976 | 1278073 |
| suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in schistosome-infected patients by niridazole. | niridazole, an anti-parasitic drug, suppresses manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity and retards allograft rejection in laboratory animals. we investigated the immunosuppressive effects of the standard antihelminthic regimen of niridazole (25 mg/kg/day for seven days) in five patients with schistosomiasis. although 15-minute skin reactions to schistosomal antigens remained unchanged, niridazole reduced or ablated positive 48-hour skin reactions to tuberculin (ppd), mumps and schistosome ant ... | 1975 | 1124104 |
| algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. i. schistosomiasis. | | 1975 | 1127262 |
| analysis of the complete sequence of a muscle calcium-binding protein of schistosoma mansoni. | the complete sequence of the cdna encoding a 20 kda calcium-binding protein of schistosoma mansoni (sm20) has been determined. the predicted amino acid sequence contains 4 ef hand domains but examination of the predicted secondary structure of sm20, together with the specific residues in each calcium-binding domain, suggests that only 1 ef hand (domain iv) is functional. sm20 is most homologous to calmodulin, troponin c and the regulatory light-chain of myosin, particularly those of invertebrate ... | 1992 | 1461681 |
| a comparison of sudanese and south african strains of schistosoma haematobium. | | 1975 | 1184947 |
| letter: metrifonate in the treatment of urinary bilharziasis. | | 1975 | 1188554 |
| a quantitative post mortem analysis of urinary schistosomiasis in egypt. ii. evolution and epidemiology. | further analysis of the data obtained from 190 unselected autopsies at the university of cairo (faculty of medicine) hospitals reinforces our conclusion that a high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis leads to infection intensity causing severe uropathy and mortality, both directly and by way of complications and sequelae. based on histological study, two stages of urinary schistosomiasis must be considered in epidemiological work: "active disease", characterized by significant egg excretion; ... | 1975 | 1190367 |
| exposure of the snail, ferrissia sp. (ancylidae, limpet) to s. hematobium miracidia. | | 1975 | 1225421 |
| the value of urine specimens in screening for male urethritis and its microbial aetiologies in tanzania. | to evaluate the first void urine (fvu) specimen in screening for urethritis and its microbial aetiologies in a male african population in which urinary schistosomiasis is also prevalent. | 1992 | 1487256 |
| [population dynamics and infestation of bulinus truncatus and bulinus forskalii by schistosomal larvae in the sudan-sahelian zone of cameroon]. | the evolution of the population densities of bulinus truncatus and bulinus forskalii has been studied during 18 months in a number of sites of the sudan-sahelian zone of cameroon, in relation to certain environmental factors. only the altitude of the water in the sites has an influence on the density of the snails. the populations of b. truncatus present a greater proportion of young molluscs during the entire year, with the exception of the last months of the dry season. the population dynamics ... | 1992 | 1292427 |
| letter: circulating immune complexes in schistosomiasis. | | 1975 | 1131583 |
| efficacy of praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis in a non-endemic country: a follow-up of parasitological, clinical and immunological parameters. | schistosomiasis patients were immigrants to czechoslovakia from angola and yemen. most of them had light or moderate infections and felt subjectively healthy. they received treatment with praziquantel (two doses with a total of 40 mg/kg) and were followed up for several years. in nine of 13 patients, schistosoma haematobium or s. mansoni eggs with undamaged miracidia were detected in biopsies from the bladder or the rectum one year or later after treatment. granulomatous reactions in the rectum ... | 1992 | 1300350 |
| schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder. a case report. | the case is reported of a man with schistosomiasis of the bladder which gave rise to non-gonococcal urethritis. diagnosis was confirmed by finding the characteristic terminal-spined schistosoma haematobium ova in the urine deposit. the cystoscopic appearances further confirmed the disease and its stage. the patient responded satisfactorily to treatment although the follow-up period was short. | 1975 | 1131679 |
| schistosoma haematobium (egyptian strain) transmission microscopy of normal and praziquantel treated worms. | the ultrastructure of the tegument and subtegumental structures of s. haematobium worms was examined by tem. the effect of praziquantel on residual worms which remained after a curative dose was also studied. the male s. haematobium worms were characterized by deep tortuous pits and sharp apically directed spines. spherical and elliptical bodies were also observed. the esophageal tegument was described. the effect of praziquantel on the male worms revealed flattening of spines and their disappea ... | 1992 | 1500796 |
| identification of schistosome-infected snails by detecting schistosomal antigens and dna sequences. | cercarial shedding tests do not provide species identification of the schistosomes concerned and cannot detect prepatent schistosomal infections. we have demonstrated that both immunodetection by elisa of schistosomal antigens in snail hemolymph, and dot hybridization of snail extracts by a dna probe representing highly repeated sequences, proved suitable for detecting infected snails during prepatency as well as patency. a group-specific monoclonal antibody was found to be suitable for detectin ... | 1992 | 1343903 |
| the susceptibility of adult schistosomes to immune attrition. | mouse infection models are described that demonstrate reduction of egg production in schistosoma haematobium infections and both worm loss and reduced fecundity in s. bovis infections. neither phenomenon could be shown in s. mansoni infected mice. the immunological basis for these anti-adult responses was inferred by comparison with infections in t-cell deprived mice and by serum transfer of the ability to reduce a s. bovis worm burden into immunocompromised hosts. vaccination with irradiation a ... | 1992 | 1343931 |
| a review of the literature on the use of ultrasonography in schistosomiasis with special reference to its use in field studies. 1. schistosoma haematobium. | this review presents an outline of the pathology resulting from schistosoma haematobium infections, and the ways in which the lesions can be investigated. the use of ultrasonography is covered in detail. ultrasonography can provide direct information about lesions in internal organs, and thus provide information about patterns of morbidity and about the regression of pathological changes after treatment. the method has the advantages that it is non-invasive, and is also relatively inexpensive an ... | 1992 | 1351351 |
| inter-species variation of schistosome 28-kda glutathione s-transferases. | the 28-kda glutathione s-transferase from schistosoma mansoni (sm28gst) is a candidate vaccine antigen. to evaluate the antigenic and phylogenetic variations between the 28-kda gsts from 4 species of schistosome, we have cloned and sequenced the 28-kda gsts from schistosoma haematobium (sh28gst) and schistosoma bovis (sb28gst). sb28gst and sh28gst are more similar to each other (97%) than to sm28gst (90%) and particularly to the 28-kda gst from schistosoma japonicum (sj28gst, 77%). antisera dire ... | 1992 | 1518533 |
| evaluation of haematuria as an indirect screening test for schistosomiasis haematobium: a population-based study in the white nile province, sudan. | haematuria elicited in the history, seen macroscopically or detected by reagent strips, was used as an indirect screening test for schistosoma haematobium infection in um-hani irrigation scheme in the white nile province, sudan. these approaches were used separately or combined in different sequences. reagent strips alone detected 81% of cases and 88% of those who excreted 50 egg/10 ml of urine or more. the sequence of observation of gross haematuria followed by screening with reagent strips and ... | 1992 | 1354933 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in pregnancy. | due to the economical lack of safe drugs in a remote area of ghana (bawku district) to treat schistosoma haematobium infection during pregnancy, the spontaneous outcome of the pregnancy in women with proved s. haematobium infection was compared with a control group (average hospital delivery). in a survey of 200 pregnant women, we found a prevalence of s. haematobium of 4.5%. from the original collection of 41 infected pregnant women we could follow 23 up to delivery. this group showed a higher ... | 1992 | 1356302 |
| cysteine proteinases from schistosoma haematobium adult worms. | to identify and characterize cysteine proteinases from schistosoma haematobium, lyophilized adult worms were homogenized, and enzymes were isolated and purified. from extracts prepared in acidic buffer, 3 putative cysteine proteinases were identified either directly or indirectly. the first proteinase (shcp1) was identified by labeling with a radioiodinated inhibitor, z-tyr-ala-chn2, as a 35-kda protein. however, it could not be detected by silver staining, amino acid sequencing, or by a monoclo ... | 1992 | 1371156 |
| schistosoma haematobium: a neglected common parasitic disease of childhood in nigeria. incidence and intensity of infection. | a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in various communities in kwara state, nigeria, to access the status and implications of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren. of 425 pupils examined in nine communities, 193 (45.4%) were infected. infection rates for boys (44.7%) and girls (47.9%) were not significantly different (p greater than 0.5). children between 11 and 13 years of age had the highest incidence rates (33.6%). however, the percentage of children (25.9%) excreti ... | 1992 | 1392384 |
| estimation of the number of cases of schistosomiasis in a country: the example of cameroon. | an estimate of the number of schistosomiasis infections in cameroon was based on a statistically representative national prevalence survey carried out in the entire country. the number of cases of infection by schistosoma haematobium was estimated to be 393,900, and 419,600 for s. mansoni, a total of 813,500. taking into account the dual infections the total number of cases was 719,100 (95% confidence interval: 392 900-1 027,800). a current world health organization estimate extrapolating from t ... | 1992 | 1412651 |
| schistosoma haematobium: histochemistry of glycogen, glycogen phosphorylase a and glycogen branching enzyme in niridazole-treated females. | the body posterior to the ovary of schistosoma haematobium females was investigated. glycogen, glycogen phosphorylase a (ec 2.4.1.1) and glycogen branching enzyme (ec 2.4.1.18) activities were detected in the subtegumental muscle system, parenchyma and mature vitelline cells, whereas no activities were detected in the tegument and immature vitelline cells of the parasite. administration of a single niridazole dose of 250 mg kg-1 to the pouched mouse (saccostomus camestris) produced the following ... | 1992 | 1563921 |
| urological complications following live donor kidney transplantation: effect of urinary schistosomiasis. | urological complications were studied in 310 live donor kidney transplants. all recipients and donors were investigated for urinary schistosomiasis by examining tissue obtained intra-operatively from the donor's ureter or the patient's bladder. schistosomiasis was histologically documented in 76 cases (patient's bladder (46), donor's ureter (9), both (21)). the incidence of urological complications was 11/76 (15%) in the schistosomal group and 14/234 (6%) in the non-schistosomal group; this was ... | 1992 | 1422682 |
| schistosoma mansoni: control of hepatotoxicity and egg excretion by immune serum in infected immunosuppressed mice is schistosome species-specific, but not s. mansoni strain-specific. | immunosuppressed mice infected with schistosoma mansoni suffer from an acute hepatotoxicity reaction, and they fail to excrete as many parasite eggs as comparably infected immunologically intact control animals. the hepatotoxicity was shown here to be preventable, and egg excretion rates were enhanced, by transfer of serum from donors with chronic s. mansoni infections, but not by serum from donors with heterologous infections of schistosoma haematobium, schistosoma bovis, or schistosoma japonic ... | 1992 | 1426135 |
| the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation and organ injury in schistosomiasis: interactions between the schistosome ova and the host. | | 1992 | 1428020 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in egyptian schoolchildren: demonstration of both hepatic and urinary tract morbidity by ultrasonography. | parasitological, clinical and ultrasonographical studies were performed upon 422 schoolchildren aged 12-16 years living in a village in the fayoum where schistosoma haematobium, but not s. mansoni, was transmitted. over half of the children gave a history of receiving praziquantel therapy during the preceding 2 years. symptoms (e.g., haematuria, burning micturition), signs (e.g., hepatomegaly, splenomegaly) and urinary findings (e.g., haematuria, proteinuria) correlated better with the presence ... | 1992 | 1440818 |
| seasonal patterns in the transmission of schistosoma haematobium in attaouia, morocco. | in the attaouia area, the density of bulinus truncatus (audouin, 1827), was monitored monthly for a period of one year in correlation with weather variations. snails were active throughout the year and particularly abundant at the end of spring and summer. two snail generations were found to overlap. the infection rate of b. truncatus reached a maximum of 3.5% in the summer when human water contact was frequent. a selective survey conducted in the village of lamyayha showed that the prevalence o ... | 1992 | 1640092 |
| [specifics of the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in mauritius]. | early observations on this disease were made in mauritius by chapotin (1812) before the discovery of schistosoma haematobium. bulinus cernicus, the snail intermediate host, one of the nine species within the b. forskali group, is restricted to the island and the disease is not occurring in the neighbouring islands of la reunion and rodrigues. under laboratory conditions, the snail susceptibility to the mauritian strain of s. haematobium has been demonstrated. but the infection rate of the snail ... | 1992 | 1446177 |
| schistosomiasis associated with a mediastinal mass: case report and review of the literature. | a 13-year-old girl presented with fever, night sweat, weight loss, abdominal pain, haematuria and hepatosplenomegaly. urinalysis revealed many schistosoma haematobium ova, but rectal snip examination was negative for schistosomal ova. x-ray and ct scan of the chest revealed enlargement of the anterior, superior, mediastinal and left suprahilar lymph node with an adjacent left pulmonary parenchymal opacity and small peripheral lesions on the right side. a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was nor ... | 1990 | 1703747 |
| the diagnostic value of haematuria and proteinuria in schistosoma haematobium infection in southern nigeria. | haematuria and proteinuria as detected by chemical reagent strips correlated moderately (r = 0.7) with prevalence and intensity of infection with schistosoma haematobium in an area of anambra state, nigeria. differences attributable to age and sex were also reflected in a similar pattern, all peaks occurring in the 5-14 year age group. the differences observed with varying levels of intensity and haematuria at both 10 and 50 erythrocytes/microliter (p < 0.001) and proteinuria at 0.3 g/dl (p < 0. ... | 1992 | 1452992 |
| the impact of schistosoma haematobium infection and of praziquantel treatment on the growth of primary school children in bertoua, cameroon. | our objective was to determine in a cameroonian school population the effect of mild to moderate s. haematobium infection intensity on growth and development of children before and 6 months after praziquantel treatment. previous studies have yielded contradictory results. children from bertoua schools were divided into four study groups: heavily infected (> 500 eggs 10 ml-1), moderately infected (1-499 eggs 10 ml-1) treated with praziquantel, a similar group treated with placebo, and an uninfect ... | 1992 | 1460700 |
| the usefulness of urinalysis reagent strips in selecting schistosoma haematobium egg positives before and after treatment with praziquantel. | the effectiveness of urinalysis reagent strips for haematuria and proteinuria in selecting schistosoma haematobium egg-positive persons was studied on 426 subjects of all ages in a kenyan community before and 3 months after treatment with praziquantel. before and after treatment, the degree of urinary blood or protein and prevalence of egg positives were closely associated. haematuria and proteinuria were positively correlated with urinary egg counts. for selecting egg-positive persons with reag ... | 1991 | 1758012 |
| the mouse as a suitable host for an isolate of schistosoma haematobium from niger. | the host-parasite relationships of a schistosoma haematobium isolate, originating from niger, and the white mouse are described. swiss of1 albino mice were exposed individually to 200 cercariae and worms were recovered 9, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post infection. the mean worm returns ranged between 10.54 and 13.05% and did not alter significantly between 9 and 20 weeks post infection. the sex ratio of worms was always in favour of males; from 7.09:1 at 9 weeks after infection it decreased regularly t ... | 1992 | 1469258 |
| repeatability and reproducibility of egg counts of schistosoma haematobium in urine. | egg output in urinary schistosomiasis can be influenced by several factors, such as time of collection of urine, day to day variations, seasonal variations and environmental conditions. additionally there are unavoidable random errors inherent in every test procedure. to assess the precision of schistosoma haematobium egg counts, carried out after paper filtration, two measures are determined, namely repeatability (r) and reproducibility (r). 10 aliquots of 10 urine samples are examined by 5 mic ... | 1992 | 1470831 |
| effects of schistosoma haematobium infection on mental test scores of kenyan school children. | adverse effects of schistosoma haematobium infection on mental activities were studied at a primary school in rural kenya, where the intensity of infection was light (the average egg count: < 50/10 ml of urine). the school children received three kinds of mental tests, which examine attentiveness and concentration, before and a month after treatment with a single dose of praziquantel. a pretreatment analysis showed that test scores became worse as egg counts of children increased. the praziquant ... | 1992 | 1470832 |
| heterogeneities in water contact patterns and the epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium. | variations in the amount of water contact made by individuals and in the amount of water contact made at different sites may have significant impacts on patterns of human schistosome infection. previous studies have reported variations in the rate of water contact and differences in the sites used between age/sex classes, but there is limited information on variations in individual water contact behaviour. in this paper we report and analyse observations of essentially all water contacts made ov ... | 1991 | 1780173 |
| identification of schistosoma mansoni, s. rodhaini, s. bovis, s. haematobium, and s. intercalatum cercariae using segmentation analysis. | cercariae of five species of schistosomes identified with certainty were fixed in boiled alcohol and mounted in glycerol-alcohol mixture. the cercarian body (cbl) and tail-furcae lengths (ctl) were measured, the values of which were treated using a computer. even mean values allowed partly identification of the present species, the segmentation analysis gave better informations for separating any cercaria taken at random, with a given probability (p). thus, five classes (a, b, c, d, e) have been ... | 1992 | 1470833 |
| schistosome antigen gp50 is responsible for serological cross-reactivity with trichinella spiralis. | the 50-kda component (gp50) present in schistosoma mansoni eggs and secretions of the various life stages of the parasite was recognized by experimentally infected mice and by humans with s. mansoni, schistosoma haematobium, and schistosoma japonicum infection. all sera reacting with crude s. mansoni-soluble egg antigens (sea) also reacted strongly with gp50 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. no reactivity against gp50 was seen with sera from individuals without schistosomiasis, with the exce ... | 1992 | 1491314 |
| [urinary bilharziasis]. | a short account is given of present views on urinary schistosomiasis or bilharziasis. the incidence of infections is increasing in endemic areas of africa and the near east, as a consequence of irrigation programs and hydroelectric power development. urinary schistosomiasis is a disease of children and young adults. the serious consequences, obstructive uropathy due to more or less irreversible ureteral lesions, and cancer of the bladder, less directly related to the infection, appear but later ... | 1992 | 1492630 |
| laboratory evaluation of b-2 as a molluscicide in the control of the snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in south africa. | there is a continuous need for the development and evaluation of new, inexpensive but highly effective molluscides for the control of freshwater snails acting as intermediate hosts of schistomiasis. for this reason b-2 (hokko chemical industry co. ltd, japan), also called phebrol (sodium 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol), was evaluated in our laboratory as a candidate molluscicide for the control of freshwater snails in south africa. bulinus africanus and biomphalaria pfeifferi, intermediate hosts of ... | 1991 | 1796888 |
| dysuria in infancy and childhood: an analysis of 42 children presenting in the paediatrics outpatients department. | urinary tract infection (uti) was the only pathology found among 42 children presenting at the paediatric outpatient department with pain or straining on micturition. 18 (42.9%) had cystourethritis proven bacteriologically. 3 of these had gonococcal urethritis and were all males aged less than 3 years. four had vasical schistosomiasis. no definite diagnosis could be made in 24 (57.1%) cases. only secondary symptoms of gross haematuria, urethral discharge and cloudy urine were of diagnostic value ... | 1991 | 1800078 |
| age-targeted chemotherapy for control of urinary schistosomiasis in endemic populations. | severity of urinary tract morbidity increases with intensity and duration of schistosoma haematobium infection. we assessed the ability of yearly drug therapy to control infection intensity and reduce s. haematobium-associated disease in children 5-21 years old in an endemic area of kenya. in year 1, therapy resulted in reduced prevalence (66% to 22%, p < 0.001) and intensity of s. haematobium infection (20 to 2 eggs/10 ml urine), with corresponding reductions in the prevalence of hematuria (52% ... | 1992 | 1343896 |
| ultrasonographic changes of the liver in schistosoma haematobium infection. | abdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed in 61 hospitalized patients with chronic liver diseases and 253 school children from a village endemic for schistosoma haematobium and were compared with 142 urban children without exposure to schistosoma. the prevalence of ultrasound-detectable hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and the degree of periportal fibrosis was compared between those with and without s. haematobium infection. among 13 patients with biopsy-proven schistosomal hepatic fibro ... | 1992 | 1503189 |
| a preliminary study on intermediate snail hosts of schistosomes in river enyau, arua district, uganda. | a total of 1260 snail intermediate hosts of both schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haemotobium were collected along the non-seasonal river enyau which lies half a kilometre west of arua, a north-western uganda town. the snails collected were biomphalaria pfeifferi 709: biomphalaria choanomphala 457, bulinus bulinus tropicus 94. these were screened for cercariae shedding and 25 b. pfeifferi and 12 b. choanomphalal shed mammalian cercaricae while none of the bulinus (bulinus) tropicus shed any c ... | 1992 | 1505417 |
| consequences of schistosoma haematobium infection on the iron status of schoolchildren in niger. | the relationship between iron status and degree of infection by schistosoma haematobium was studied in 174 schoolchildren from niger in an area endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. iron deficiency was defined by a combination of three reliable indicators: a low serum ferritin level combined with a low transferrin saturation, a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level, or both. hematuria and proteinuria were found in 76.4% and 79.9% of the children, respectively, while 95.4% excreted eggs (geometric ... | 1992 | 1524142 |
| urinary nitrate, nitrite and n-nitroso compounds in bladder cancer patients with schistosomiasis (bilharzia). | urinary excretion of nitrite and of volatile and nonvolatile n-nitroso compounds is increased in schistosomiasis (bilharzia) patients with schistosoma haematobium infection. this observation suggests that the formation of nitrite and n-nitroso compounds in vivo in the urinary bladder of bilharzial patients may be an important etiological factor in the induction of bladder cancer associated with s. haematobium infection. | 1991 | 1855845 |
| schistosoma haematobium and s. japonicum: analysis of the ribosomal rna genes and determination of the "gap" boundaries and sequences. | we have determined the intragenic organization of the rrna genes of schistosoma haematobium and s. japonicum and found them to be similar to that of s. mansoni and other eukaryotes. an entire ribosomal repeat approximately 10 kbp in size from each species was isolated as a sali fragment from a genomic library constructed in bacteriophage lambda. the segments encoding both the small and large rrnas have been identified using three cloned ecori fragments of s. mansoni as probes. there were three e ... | 1991 | 1889469 |
| phenotype, activation and lymphokine secretion by gamma/delta t lymphocytes from schistosomiasis and carcinoma of the urinary bladder. | in humans the majority of the cd3+ t cells usually express an alpha/beta t cell receptor (tcr) and a minority express a gamma/delta tcr. the cd3+ tcr alpha/beta and cd3+ tcr gamma/delta cells from blood of the patients with schistosomiasis with carcinoma of the urinary bladder (scb) were analyzed for phenotype, activation, secretion of interleukin 2 (il 2). b cell growth factor (bcgf) and b cell differentiation factor (bcdf), as well as for autologous (amlr) and allogeneic (mlr) mixed lymphocyte ... | 1992 | 1531634 |
| chromosomal damage in urothelial cells from egyptians with chronic schistosoma haematobium infections. | the most common cancer in egypt is urinary-bladder carcinoma, which is strongly associated with infection with schistosoma haematobium. the object of this study was to determine whether infection with this parasite resulted in an increase in chromosomal breakage in the urothelium. urine samples were collected from 37 egyptian farmers with s. haematobium ova in their urine and from 32 non-infected males attending the same village clinic. the urine was centrifuged and the urothelial cells present ... | 1992 | 1537619 |
| serum procollagen peptides and collagen type vi for the assessment of activity and degree of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis and alcoholic liver disease. | schistosomiasis, in contrast to alcoholic liver disease, leads to presinusoidal hepatic fibrosis, which determines the prognosis of the disease. because conventional liver function tests and liver biopsy specimens provide little information about the dynamics of the fibrotic process, we measured the serum concentrations of procollagen type iii n-propeptide and procollagen type i c-propeptide, believed to mainly reflect collagen synthesis, and procollagen type iv c-propeptide and collagen type vi ... | 1992 | 1551641 |
| schistosoma mekongi infection in a leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel: a case report. | we report a fortuitous occurrence of a small bowel leiomyosarcoma infected with schistosoma mekongi in an elderly patient from kampuchea. s mekongi is endemic in countries along the lower mekong river basin (laos, thailand, and kampuchea), where its intermediate snail hosts (lithoglyphopsis aperta) are found. the diagnosis was made by examining the numerous ova that were embedded in the tumor and along the small bowel wall. the ova with their small lateral spines are easily confused with those o ... | 1992 | 1563751 |
| natural infection of bulinus senegalensis by schistosoma haematobium in a temporary pool focus in niger: characterization by cercarial emergence patterns. | | 1992 | 1566309 |
| urine test strips: reliability of semi-quantitative findings under tropical conditions. | semi-quantitative urinalysis with urine reagent strips (urs) for erythrocyturia (eu), leucocyturia (lu) and proteinuria (pu) was performed in congolese and sudanese school children with schistosoma haematobium and/or s. mansoni infection. quantitative urinalysis was performed on the same specimen using microscopy and a neubauer counting chamber for eu and lu and the coomassie blue dye-binding assay for pu. microscopically detectable eu of more than 10 cells/microliters was found in 63% of all sa ... | 1992 | 1571210 |
| squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. | a series of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied over a 6-year period. they constituted 27% of all bladder tumours. the male:female ratio was 12:1; 62% of the patients were below the age of 50 years (mean 47) and 31% had a previous history of urinary bilharziasis. associated stigmata of schistosoma haematobium, as sandy patches, were detected in 69% of patients. fourteen had bilharzial ureteric strictures as seen on intravenous urography and most of the tu ... | 1992 | 1581807 |
| ultrasound for detecting schistosoma haematobium urinary tract complications: comparison with radiographic procedures. | chronic infection with schistosoma haematobium primarily causes urinary tract complications. these lesions are often silent or ignored and not detected until irreversible changes have occurred. however, early chemotherapy can prevent progression and usually reverse all but the more severe abnormalities. recently, abdominal ultrasound has been shown to be an inexpensive, portable and safe means of detecting schistosomal morbidity. a prospective study was performed on 40 patients comparing abdomin ... | 1992 | 1635130 |
| acquired immunity and epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium. | human immune responses to schistosome infection have been characterized in detail. but there has been controversy over the relative importance of ecological factors (variation in exposure to infection) and immunological factors (acquired immunity) in determining the relationships between levels of infection and age typically found in areas where infection is endemic. independent effects of exposure and age on the rates of reinfection with schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy have been demo ... | 1991 | 1905786 |
| diagnosis of human schistosomiasis by detection of circulating cathodic antigen with a monoclonal antibody. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 5h11 reacted with repeating epitopes on schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigen (cca) and detected cca in sera of egyptian s. mansoni-infected patients. mab 5h11 was both capture and biotinylated detection antibody in a sandwich elisa of trichloroacetic acid-pretreated serum samples. sera of patients with 7-500 eggs/g of stool were positive by mab 5h11-cca sandwich elisa. stool egg counts and cca serum levels correlated (r = .52), and cca levels decreased by 4 ... | 1991 | 1688343 |
| schistosoma japonicum: analysis of eggshell protein genes, their expression, and comparison with similar genes from other schistosomes. | as the egg of schistosoma japonicum plays a central role in transmission and in pathogenesis, we sought to understand the molecular biology of egg formation. in this study we characterized an eggshell protein gene of s. japonicum and compared it with similar genes from s. mansoni and s. haematobium. to initiate studies on the eggshell protein genes of s. japonicum, a cloned genomic fragment containing an entire copy of a s. haematobium eggshell protein gene was used to identify three ecori hybri ... | 1991 | 1709112 |
| diagnostic mr 31/32000 proteins of schistosoma mansoni (sm31/32) and s. haematobium (sh31/32): stability and reaction conditions for prospective field tests. | the existence of adult schistosoma haematobium worm proteins (sh31/32) homologous to the diagnostic sm31/32 of s. mansoni is shown. sm31/32 and sh31/32, adsorbed on nitrocellulose and kept dry on the bench before immunoblot analysis, were antigenically stable for at least 4 years including storage for 17 months in tropical climates. the antigens react with patient sera in the absence of defined buffers under rather simple conditions ("humid chamber blot"). the results add to the use of these ant ... | 1991 | 1908874 |
| pattern of cercarial emergence of schistosoma curassoni from niger and comparison with three sympatric species of schistosomes. | the emergence pattern of schistosoma curassoni cercariae from bulinus umbilicatus, whose adult worms parasitize bovine, caprine, and ovine ungulates in niger, is of a circadian type with a mean emission time at 0855 hr +/- 1 hr 6 min, characteristic of the schistosome species parasitizing domestic or wild cattle. the comparison of this cercarial emergence pattern with those of the other 3 sympatric species of schistosomes (schistosoma haematobium, schistosoma bovis, and schistosoma mansoni) show ... | 1992 | 1738069 |
| [urinary bilharziasis in djidiouia: still nothing to report]. | the authors carried out 1043 urine examinations to look eggs of schistosoma haematobium in djidiouia, a known focus of urinary schistosomiasis. all these examinations were negative. however, the authors recommend vigilance because of the existence of bulinus, the snail intermediate host in the area. | 1991 | 1764756 |
| schistosomiasis in the yemen arab republic. prevalence of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium infection among schoolchildren in the central highlands and their relation to altitude. | a study was carried out in march/april 1988 to determine the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni among schoolchildren in the jebal ash sharq district, dhamar governorate, yemen arab republic. the average percentage of schoolchildren infected with schistosomies (one or both species) was 34.5%. the prevalence of s. mansoni was found to be 22.6% and s. haematobium was present in 16.8% of the urine samples. a negative correlation was found between prevalence and altitude. | 1992 | 1496716 |
| identification of the schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigens inducing antibody production and/or t cell proliferation in humans. | soluble antigens were prepared from schistosoma haematobium eggs collected from urine of 6-16 year-old children with urinary schistosomiasis. the electrophoretic profile of the soluble egg antigen (seah) preparation was almost identical to that (seah) obtained from undp/world bank/who, switzerland and prepared from s. haematobium eggs retrieved from intestines of infected hamsters. reactivity of 50 individual patients with s. haematobium in western blots led to the identification of the sea prot ... | 1992 | 1500785 |
| specific investigations in chronic urinary bilharziasis. | seventy-two patients with histologically confirmed chronic urinary bilharziasis were studied for the reliability of some specific investigative tools in diagnosing this disease, namely urinalysis, serology, urography, and cystoscopy. of the 72 patients 36 (50%) had hematuria and only 3 (4%) had ova of schistosoma haematobium on urinalysis. sixty-two patients (86%) had features of bilharziasis on intravenous urography (ivu). of the remaining 10 patients with negative urography 6 underwent serolog ... | 1992 | 1502744 |
| scanning electron microscopy of normal and praziquantel treated s. haematobium worms (egyptian strain). | the ultrastructure of the tegument of s. haematobium was examined before and after treatment with praziquantel using scanning electron microscopy. the surface of the adult male worms prior to treatment showed numerous tubercles with apically directed spines and the lateral border showed highly pitted folds. the oral and ventral suckers showed well developed spines. praziquantel administration caused various structural changes in the various groups studied. blebs and spine deformities appeared as ... | 1991 | 1765683 |
| tubal schistosomiasis as a cause of ectopic pregnancy in endemic areas?; a report of three cases. | tubal schistosomiasis as a cause of ectopic pregnancy is uncommon. we are reporting three cases of tubal pregnancies in which the histopathological examination showed a bilharzial disease of the tube. schistosomiasis to schistosoma haematobium occurs in gabon with an incidence of 8% to 44% of the adult population, and schistosoma ova have been found in 2.5% of histopathological examinations in removal of any genital tissue. even if schistosomiasis was not the main causative agent of infertility, ... | 1991 | 1778295 |
| [population dynamics and infestation with bulinus globosus in a sudan-sahelien zone of cameroon]. | the population dynamics of bulinus globosus was followed at seasonal and perennial habitats in three villages in the extreme north province, cameroon, known to have high prevalences of schistosoma haematobium. the study covered 2 rainy and 1 dry season between june 1987 to november 1988. of several environmental factors monitored, only rainfall and the resulting changes in water level were strongly correlated with changes in snail density, and even then only when values were at their extremes. i ... | 1991 | 1789704 |
| endemicity, seasonality and focality of transmission of human schistosomiasis in 3 communities in southwestern nigeria. | the pattern of transmission of human schistosomiasis was studied in 3 communities in southwestern nigeria. the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium in school children aged 5-16 years in the 3 communities was 76.2, 70.3 and 66.4%, respectively. the percentage of infected children harbouring heavy infections (greater than 50 eggs/10 ml urine) in the 3 communities was 75.5, 69.2 and 48.1% with a prevalence of visible haematuria among the heavily infected children of 29.5, 19.4 and 24.3%, respectiv ... | 1991 | 1796227 |
| further studies on the susceptibility of bulinus africanus to infection with schistosoma haematobium. | genetic manipulation of the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis has been proposed as a possible method of reducing the rate at which the parasite is transmitted to the final host. this technique is based on the finding that snail-schistosome compatibility is variable, and that refractory snails could be introduced into natural habitats in an attempt to change existing highly-susceptible populations into non-susceptible ones. in our search for such a refractory snail population, offspring ... | 1991 | 1796868 |
| diabetes mellitus. i: routine plain abdominal radiography. | the plain abdominal radiographs of 43 consecutive diabetic patients were studied. disordered bowel motility which was unrelated to the severity of the diabetes mellitus occurred in 76.7% while artheriosclerosis occurred in 65%. only 7% (3 patients) had pancreatic calcification; of these, one was a complication of urinary schistosomiasis (schistosoma haematobium). all the patients with pancreatic calcification were above 45 years of age and had had diabetes mellitus for more than 7 years. this st ... | 1991 | 1800084 |
| effect of repeated targeted mass treatment with praziquantel on the prevalence, intensity of infection and morbidity due to schistosoma intercalatum in an urban community in equatorial guinea. | a longitudinal community-based study was carried out in order to evaluate the impact of repeated selective population chemotherapy with praziquantel on the epidemiology of an urban focus of schistosoma intercalatum in the city of bata, capital of the continental region of equatorial guinea. three surveys were undertaken in january of 1988, 1989 and 1990, determining parasitological prevalence, intensity of infection and morbidity and applying repeated targeted mass treatment. one dose of praziqu ... | 1991 | 1801138 |
| urinary schistosomiasis in the sichili health zone, western province, zambia. | the distribution of schistosoma haematobium in the sichili health zone in the western province of zambia was studied by performing cross-sectional surveys in mwanalulenga (n = 493), a cluster of rural settlements along the namakala stream and the machili river, mulobezi (n = 114), a semi-urban settlement along the mulobezi river; and school-based surveys in mulauli (n = 85), a small rural settlement along the machili river, and in sichili (n = 199), along the namakala stream. the s. haematobium ... | 1991 | 1801143 |
| [spinal cord compression by schistosoma haematobium]. | | 1991 | 1829820 |
| human ige, igg4 and resistance to reinfection with schistosoma haematobium. | a well recognized feature of the immune response to parasitic helminth infections, including schistosomiasis, is the production of large amounts of specific and nonspecific ige1,2. immunological pathways involving ige can lead to damage to the developing schistosomulum and it has been suggested that responses involving ige could have evolved as protection against helminth infections. there has been no epidemiological evidence to support this idea and the only significant ige responses known in m ... | 1991 | 1898985 |