| [persistence of toxoplasma gondii in the stomach wall and intestinal wall of albino mice and guinea pigs in experimental toxoplasmosis]. | | 1976 | 1024150 |
| prevalence and diagnostic significance of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in horses. | | 1976 | 1049468 |
| [ultrastructure of the proliferative and pseudocystic phase of toxoplasma gondii]. | | 1975 | 1057777 |
| some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in canada. | between 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the sabin-feldman dye test for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across canada. in addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions each year in the fall. the suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplas ... | 1976 | 1068187 |
| unusual encephalitic illnesses in a child with acute leukaemia in remission: possible role of measles virus and toxoplasma gondii. | we report a girl who developed an encephalitic illness with visual loss after two years treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. the visual loss was found to be due to bilateral macular degeneration. she later developed radiological evidence of intracranial calcification and temporal lobe epilepsy. a second episode of encephalitis occurred when she had been off all antileukaemic treatment for three years and this left her with a right hemiparesis. investigation suggested involvement with bot ... | 1976 | 1069915 |
| adult toxoplasmosis presenting as polymyositis and cerebellar ataxia. | a patient with toxoplasmosis had cerebellar, spinal cord, nerve root, and skeletal muscle symptoms. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from skeletal muscle, and toxoplasma antibody titers were persistently elevated. the disease has been recurrent during a 3-year period with only temporary response to specific antimicrobial therapy. | 1975 | 1078759 |
| [the acute vestibular paralysis (author's transl)]. | acute vestibular paralysis may not be considered as a nosologic entity but as a syndrome. symptomatology (vertigo, spontaneous and provoked vestibular nystagmus, absence of cochlear signs) shows an uniform picture. the results of the caloric test as well as the nystagmic responses induced by galvanic stimulation and the development of central vestibular compensation however indicate that the site of the lesion is not only confined to the labyrinth but may also occur at the level of the periphera ... | 1975 | 1081389 |
| blastogenic response of toxoplasma-infected mouse spleen cells to t- and b-cell mitogens. | in order to differentially test the function of lymphocytes in toxoplasma gondii-infected mice, the in vitro blastogenic response of spleen cell cultures to non-specific mitogens was studied. phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a) stimulation were used as tests of thymus-dependent lymphocyte (t cell) function and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (lps) was used as a probe of bursal equivalent lymphocyte (b cell) function. for the first 3 weeks following t. gondii infection, th ... | 1975 | 1082393 |
| [cellular immune reactions of the white mouse after superinfection with toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | after superinfection of immunized mice with a virulent strain of toxoplasma (bk) these mice don't die. there is formation of a cellrich exudate with only very few toxoplasmas. the number of the different exudate-cells (macrophages, big, middlesized and small lymphocytes and heterophils) turn in direction of the lymphocytes in that way, that after the 3rd day of infection 70% of all exudate-cells belong to the group of lymphocytes. they seem to cause the death of the toxoplasmas. after in vitro i ... | 1975 | 1082685 |
| [ histopathological changes in the thymus of the white mouse after infection with toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | three days after infection of mice with a virulent strain of t. gondii first histopathological destructions of the thymus are visible. the number of lymphocytes decreases step by step till to the animals' day of death on the 7th day p.i. at this time the cortex has lost all its thymocytes. electronmicroscopical pictures show destruction of most of the reticulum cells and lymphocytes. in those cells which are still alive multiplicaiton of toxoplasma trophozoites is to be seen. a lot of parasites ... | 1976 | 1084087 |
| inhibition of multiplication of toxoplasma gondii by human monocytes exposed to t-lymphocyte products. | the multiplication of toxoplasma gondii was quantitated in human monocytes in vitro by phase-contrast microscopy. toxoplasma multiplication was identical in monocytes from subjects byt was significantly inhibited in cells from both sources if the monocytes were preincubated with immune lymphocytes and toxoplasma monocytes were preincubated with immune lymphocytes and toxoplasma antigen. supernates prepared from toxoplasma-immune lymphocytes incubated with toxoplasma antigen were also effective i ... | 1975 | 1089746 |
| superinfection in mice previously infected with mycobacterium leprae. | previous studies of the protection of mice by prior infection with mycobacterium leprae in one hind footpad against challenge with m.leprae in the opposite hind footpad had produced conflicting results; therefore, the problem was restudied. in several experiments, balb/c mice were inoculated first in the right hind footpad with 5,000 m. leprae and then challenged in the left hind footpad with 5,000 m. leprae of the same strain at intervals after primary infection, at the same time that uninfecte ... | 1975 | 1091561 |
| immunoglobulin classes of antibodies produced against toxoplasma gondii by ovine fetuses. | sera from aborted or newborn lambs with congenital toxoplasmosis were fractionated on sephadex g-200. sera and fractions were tested for toxoplasma antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. most of the antibody was found to reside in the igg fraction. | 1975 | 1093244 |
| letter: concomitant infection by toxoplasma gondii and trypanosoma cruzi. | | 1975 | 1096376 |
| toxoplasmosis. historical review, direct diagnostic microscopy, and report of a case. | a case of congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosed by the detection of toxoplasma gondii organisms in the ventricular fluid of a living patient, confirmed by mouse inoculation, is reported. the subject of toxoplasmosis is reviewed historically, especially in regard to cases diagnosed by direct microscopic examination of cerebrospinal or ventricular fluids. although several such cases have been reported in the world medical literature, an extensive survey failed to reveal such a case previously reporte ... | 1975 | 1096591 |
| igg antibody suppression of the igm antibody response to toxoplasma gondii in newborn rabbits. | studies were performed in an experimental rabbit model in an attempt to explore the possibility that the absence of an igm antibody response in human infants congenitally infected with toxoplasma may be caused by a suppressive effect of igg antibody passively transferred from the mother. the igm antibody response to toxoplasma gondii infection in newborn rabbits previously injected with igg toxoplasma antibody was significantly suppressed as determined by an immunofluorescent antibody assay (igm ... | 1975 | 1097510 |
| toxoplasmosis and the compromised host. | a high percentage of population shows antibodies to toxoplasma gondii yet clinical manifestations of primary infestations are rare. congenital and secondary forms (chorioretinitis) are serious medical conditions. an outburst in a compromised host is always serious and may be fatal. therefore, patients subjected to immunosuppressive therapy or with pathologic immune suppression should be clinically and serologically screened and, when toxoplasmosis is diagnosed, treated for the entire period of i ... | 1975 | 1099027 |
| surveillance of some infectious diseases among aircrew personnel in southeast asia. | a 2-year analysis of specimens among aircrew personnel in southeast asia is reported. stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria, blood smears for blood parasites, and sera tested for transaminases (sgot) and antibodies to entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii, chikungunya and japanese encephalitis viruses, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, leptospira sp. and pseudomonas pseudomallei. one to four specimens each were obtained from 537 adult males and 20 females. there ... | 1975 | 1100040 |
| a serological survey of toxoplasmosis in the bloemfonetin area. | the ifa test revealed the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in 10, 3% (62) of sera from 600 pregnant women. the incidence of antibodies varied from 8,0% in the black population to 10,5% in white and 12,5% in coloured women. in the coloured and black populations the highest incidence of antibodies was found in the 31-40-year age group, while in whites this occurred in the 21-30-year age group. twenty-eight sera also contained complement-fixing antibodies. the results are discussed in re ... | 1975 | 1101387 |
| modified fluorescent antibody technique to detect immunoglobulin m antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in congenital infection. | using a modified fluorescent antibody technique immunoglobulin m antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were studied in infants' sera. the modified technique involved prolonged incubation of patients' sera with antigen at 4 c. | 1975 | 1104658 |
| assessment in vitro of immunity against toxoplasma gondii. | studies have been made on humoral and cellular immune respones in mice immunized with an attenuated strain of toxoplasma gondii. heat-inactivated antitoxoplasma serum did not cause morphologic changes in the organisms, but did markedly influence their interactions with host cells. toxoplasma exposed to antibody were no longer capable of entering fibroblasts or hela cells. they were readily engulfed by macrophages, but the antibody treatment strikingly altered the intracellular fate of the parasi ... | 1975 | 1113065 |
| toxoplasma gondii: immunopathology of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs injected with living parasites. | | 1975 | 1116518 |
| effect of immunization with attenuated mycobacterium bovis on experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. | administration of attenuated mycobacterium bovis (bacillus calmette-guérin or bcg) provides nonspecific resistance to a variety of microbial infections and tumors. this is associated with a state of augmented immunologic responsiveness. mustering defenses against intracellular parasites, such as toxoplasma gondii, presents a special problem that can be met only by measures that alter the intracellular environment. our study was designed to evaluate the effect of prior immunization of rabbits wit ... | 1975 | 1119523 |
| interactions between toxoplasma gondii and its host cells: function of the penetration-enhancing factor of toxoplasma. | a protein with a molecular weight of 70,000 to 150,000 which was extracted from merozoites of toxoplasma gondii enhanced the host cell penetration of the merozoites. the optimal ph and temperature for penetration of merozoites coincided with those favoring the action of the penetration-enhancing protein. in addition, a dependence on ca and mg existed for penetration of merozoites, either in the presence or absence of this protein. no evidence was found that indicated that the enhancing effect on ... | 1975 | 1120615 |
| [the antigenic structure of toxoplasma gondii. iii. behavior of human sera as compared with purified antigens]. | 263 human serum samples obtained from 9 controls and 42 patients with clinical diagnosis suggestive for toxoplasmosis were examined by means of sabin and feldman's dye test (dt) in comparison with complement fixation test (cf) with a whole toxoplasma antigen. 6 out of 9 controls and 21 out of 42 patients showed analogous behaviour in both methods while the remaining ones behaved differently. 24 out of the 42 patients as well as the 9 controls were chosen between these two groups (showing conco ... | 1975 | 1125110 |
| the protective effect of milk diet on toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | the effect of an all milk diet on resistance to toxoplasmagondii infection in mice was studied. mice fed an all milk diet were more resistant than conventionally fed mice to t. gondii. it was shown that this effect was due to a dietary deficiency para-aminobenzoic acid. | 1975 | 1125835 |
| studies on the spread of toxoplasma gondii to sheep. | | 1975 | 1137798 |
| toxoplasma encephalitis complicating hodgkin's disease. | a case of toxoplasma encephalitis is described in a patient who had received much immunosuppressive therapy for hodgkin's disease. such cases have been reported in immune suppressed patients outside the united kingdom, but a search of the literature has not revealed any previous reports from this country. since toxoplasma gondii is a frequent pathogen and states of immune suppression are becoming more common, further cases, can be expected. recognition of the clinical and pathological features ... | 1975 | 1141443 |
| toxoplasma antibodies among bobcats and other carnivores of norther california. | the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was investigated among five species of wild carnivores in norther ccalifornia. the highest prevalence was among bobcats (lynx rufus), with 15 of 21 tested being serologically positive. other results included serological evidence of toxoplasmosis in two of seven raccoons (procyon lotor), one of three badgers (taxidea taxus) and two of three coyotes (canis latrans). two gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were serologically negative. oone badger ... | 1975 | 1142562 |
| experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in mice: the role of the fifth component of complement. | experiments performed to determine the influence of the c5 component of complement in experimental toxoplasma infection revealed that mice deficient in c5 had reduced mortality due to acute toxoplasmosis. similar results were noted when inbred congenic mice of known complement type, as well as random-bred mice selected for complement type, were used. in both, mice with high complement activity were less resistant to toxoplasma than were mice deficient in c5. however, many factors must interact i ... | 1975 | 1144466 |
| bear meat trichinosis with a concomitant serologic response to toxoplasma gondii. | a severe case of trichinosis occurred following the ingestion of raw meat from a common black bear, ursus americanus, that was shot in butte county, california. examination of steaks cut from the bear revealed heavy infection with t. spiralis. a good clinical response was obtained following treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg body weight per day) and thiabendazole (50 mg/kg body weight per day); no toxic effects were observed. in comparison with the pre-treatment biopsy, a more intense inflammato ... | 1975 | 1146849 |
| an analysis of those components of toxoplasma gondii responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactions in mice. | testing of extracts of toxoplasma gondii (rh strain) indicated that delayed hypersensitivity as manifested by delayed skin reactions and inhibition of macrophage migration was induced only by those fractions containing rna. | 1975 | 1150310 |
| [toxoplasma gondii virulence in 27 strains of human origin (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1153906 |
| [studies on the significane of sexual intercourse for the transmission of toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | from 285 ejacula and 23 biopsy specimens of the testicles of men from childless marriages, no toxoplasms at all could be cultured in the mouse inoculation test. testicles and accessory gonads of artificially infected male rabbits contained infective toxoplasms only up to the 29th day p.i. 8 artificially infected male rabbits did not transmit any agents through sexual intercourse to 13 toxoplasma-free female rabbits. one female animal became infected during the experiment. the route of infection ... | 1975 | 1154911 |
| [comparative chemotherapeutical studies on the effect of bactrim and other combined preparations on the proliferative and cystforming phase of toxoplasma gondii in nmri mice. a contribution to experimental chemotherapy of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. | in the present paper, the efficacy of different sulphonamides and potentiators alone and in combination (bactrim, fansidar) in mice infected with toxoplasma gondii is evaluated. the experimental chemotherapeutical studies were performed in mice either freshly infected with trophozoites or cystozoites, or suffering from acute disease or a chronic infection; for the components (see article) a proportion of 10 times 1 turned out to be the most effective mixing ratio. in comparison with the standard ... | 1975 | 1154912 |
| immunity to hammondia hammondi infection in cats. | acquisition of immunity to hammondia hammondi, a newly recognized coccidian of cats, was studied in 18 specific-pathogen-free cats. one cat was given a single oral inoculation, 11 cats were given 2 oral inoculations, and 1 cat was given 3 oral inoculations of homogenized mouse carcasses containing h hammondi. in all cats, oocyst shedding began 6 to 9 days after the 1st inoculation. oocyst shedding peaked at 1 to 2 days after the onset of shedding and lasted for 1 to 2 weeks. none of the cats bec ... | 1975 | 1158771 |
| effect of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine on the fine structure and multiplication of toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures. | rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures were inoculated with toxoplasma gondii organisms obtained from peritoneal fluid of mice infected with the rh strain. pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine were added either singly or in combination to the cultures 4 hr after inoculation. twenty-four hours later the effect of the drugs on the parasites were studied by light and electron microscopy. pyrimethamine (1.0 mug/ml) inhibited multiplication of the parasites and caused striking morphological changes. organisms ... | 1975 | 1165554 |
| serologic study of toxoplasmosis in taiwan. | toxoplasma gondii antibody titers as determined by either the indirect hemagglutination test or the methylene blue dye test were determined for a group of aborigines and for chinese as well as for swine, cats, rats, dogs and one bovine, all resident on the island of taiwan. none of the 194 aborigines and only 3 (1.97%) of the 152 chinese were found to be positive. of 433 swine tested 132 (30.5%) were positive. thirteen (27.7%) of 47 domestic pet cats were positive while none of 11 feral cats we ... | 1975 | 1166342 |
| a survey for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in deer and other wildlife on a sheep range. | blood samples were obtained from native mammals and birds on a sheep range (hopland field station) in northern california. serums were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 382 deer that were tested from 1964 to 1973, 77 (20%) were seropositive for t gondii. among 36 serums representing 6 species of wild carnivores (badgers, bobcats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks), 18 (50%) were seropositive. all of the 5 bobcats tested were seropositive, wit ... | 1975 | 1176348 |
| chemotherapy in experimental toxoplasmosis: comparison of the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfur and pyrimethamine-sulfur combinations. | mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii were treated with various drugs. trimethoprim was found to have no effect. sulphamethoxazole, sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine had significant therapeutic effects on the course of murine toxoplasmosis. the therapeutic efficacy of sulphamethoxazole was enhanced by the addition of trimethoprim. a pyrimethamine-sulphadiazine combination was found to be superior to a trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination in the tr ... | 1975 | 1177347 |
| the ultrastructural development of the macrogamete and formation of the oocyst wall of toxoplasma gondii. | the macrogametes of toxoplasma gondii develop within the epithelial cells of the cat ileum. as they develop the nucleus enlarges and dense patches of chromatin which were present in the nucleoplasm, disappear. polysaccharide granules and lipid globules appear in the cytoplasm and increase in number during development. the wall-forming bodies of type i (wfb i) appear before the wall-forming bodies of type ii (wfb ii); wfb i are smaller, more osmiophilic and more numerous than the wfb ii. the wfb ... | 1975 | 1180061 |
| the use of irradiated vaccine in immunization against experimental murine toxoplasmosis. | trophozoites from the peritoneal cavities of mice infected with the rh strain toxoplasma gondii were given irradiation in doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kiloroentgens (kr). cd-1 strain mice that received intraperitoneal inoculation of trophozoites irradiated with 5 kr all died of toxoplasmosis, but the mice that received trophozoites irradiated with the higher doses all survived. the survirors that were examined were found to be free of toxoplasmic cysts. single doses of these irradiated vaccines pr ... | 1975 | 1182614 |
| interaction between macrophages of various origin and toxoplasma gondii under conditions in vitro. | the study of proliferation of a virulent strain of toxoplasma in cultures of macrophages of various origin revealed a certain sequence in the development of the pathogen: penetration and phagocytosis of the parasite, the stage of disintegration of one part of population and active proliferation of the other, resulting in the destruction of host cells. it was found that the penetration and phacocytosis were more active if macrophages from resistant animals (rats) were used, in comparison with tho ... | 1975 | 1193481 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living african mammals. | twelve species of free-living african mammals from kenya, tanzania, uganda and zambia were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the indirect hemagglutination test. of 157 animals sampled, 20 (13%) were seropositive. t. gondii antibodies were detected in burchell's zebra, (equus burchelli), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), african elephant (loxodonta africana), defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa), lion (panthera leo), and rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the highest titers were fou ... | 1975 | 1195497 |
| toxoplasmosis in dasyurid marsupials. | during a histopathologic survey of 240 dasyurid marsupials a high prevalence of infection of toxoplasma gondii was found in eight of thenine species examined. amongst the infected species, endemic infection in field animals was proved in dasyuroides byrnei, but there was also good evidence of laboratory infection probably derived from raw sheep tissues in their diet. infection was never demonstrated in animals less than six months of age. the 21 antechinus stuartii examined remained free from in ... | 1975 | 1195500 |
| letter: coccidia related to toxoplasma gondii: possible zoonoses. | | 1975 | 1198210 |
| toxoplasma gondii and coxiella burneti antibodies among brazilian slaughterhouse employees. | previous studies have indicated toxoplasmosis and q fever are potential hazards to persons who handle raw meat or who work in slaughterhouses. the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii and c. burneti was studied among 144 employees of an abattoir in belo horizonte, brazil, to determine what environmental factors may be associated with the occurrence of these agents among persons who handle meat but who have not reported having toxoplasmosis or q fever. seventy-two per cent of the 144 employees w ... | 1975 | 1200023 |
| equine toxoplasmosis: a survey for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in horses. | a nationwide sample of horses was tested to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in equine animals. of 1,294 serum samples from horses tested by the microtitration indirect hemagglutin test, 20% were positive. among the popular breeds of horses, the following antibody prevalences were found: arabian, 19%; paint, 22%; quarter horses, 13%; thoroughbred, 24%; and standardbred, 17%. the antibody prevalence increased from 2% in horses 1 year of age to 18% in 2-year-olds, and rose to 38% ... | 1975 | 1200450 |
| in vitro activity of cotrimoxazole on the intracellular multiplication of toxoplasma gondii. | cotrimoxazole, from 60 mug/ml, inhibited the replication of toxoplasma gondii within hela cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. the percentage of inhibition reached practically 100% after 18 hours of treatment at 37 degrees c. more prolonged treatment resulted in an eradication of the organisms from the cell monolayers. in contrast, similar doses of spiramycin were quite ineffective against intracellular toxoplasma. the active doses of cotrimoxazole used were not harmful for cell cultures. cot ... | 1975 | 1208122 |
| [toxoplasma gondii infection in the inhabitants of the city of dresden]. | after a description of modern knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii the author enters into the affection in dresden inhabitants. males as well as females at the age of 16 to 60 years are infected on the average at 74%. the most frequently affected age groups are the 41-year-old to 50-year-old persons. ifar-titres to 80 are very frequently to be found in clinically healthy probands and, as a rule, plead for the existence of a latent toxoplasma affection. titre values of m ... | 1975 | 1220349 |
| a simple method for separating toxoplasma gondii from infected mouse peritoneal exudate cells. | a simple method for separating toxoplasma trophozoites from the peritoneal exudate cells of infected mice by filtration through filter paper is described. using this technique peritoneal exudate cells in excess of 90% could be removed. | 1975 | 1221682 |
| toxoplasma antibodies in indonesian and chinese medical students in jakarta. | the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in medical students of indonesian and chinese ancestry was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test with titers of 1:256 or greater considered positive. the sera from 90 indonesian and 203 chinese male (146) and female (147) students between 20 and 30 years of age were tested and positive titers detected in the sera of 16 (18%) indonesians and 14 (7%) of the chinese. there were no difference between the presence of positive titer and betwee ... | 1975 | 1226533 |
| [transmission of toxoplasma gondii to the cat by the intake of swine and sheep meat spontaneously infected and normally slaughtered]. | | 1975 | 1227413 |
| [prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in blood donors of natal (rn)]. | the authors present the results of survey to detect anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 183 sera samples from donors in five blood banks in natal -- rio grande do norte, brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence test. in this survey 151 reactive cases were found, starting with the titer of 1:16, in a rate of 82,5%. considering as valid dilutions only titers equal or superior to 1:256, the rate found is of 43.7%. the higher titer found was 1:16.000 (1.3%). in the examined cases, the minimal ag ... | 1975 | 1233601 |
| an in vitro study on lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice experimentally infected with toxoplasma gondii. | | 1975 | 1238848 |
| [the relationship between the fate of the agent of toxoplasmosis, toxoplasma gondii, in macrophages cultivated in vitro and the virulence of the parasites]. | comparative light microscopic and electron microscopic studies of development of a highly-virulent rh strain and a less virulent lagrave strain of toxoplasma cultivated in macrophages in vitro were made. contrary to active multiplication of the highly virulent strain most of toxoplasmas of a less virulent strain disintegrated the first hours, degenerating completely in 24-48 hours after the penetration into the macrophages. submicroscopic study showed no marked cytological changes of macrophages ... | 1975 | 1240782 |
| [congenital toxoplasmosis]. | judged by the cases studied at the hospital de pediatría, congenital toxoplasmosis may be transmitted to several descendants and the infection capacity of the mother persists for a long time. the possibility of toxoplasma infection should be investigated in cases of hydrocephalus, convulsions, microcephalia, ocular lesions or pictures of neonatal hepatitis. to explain invasion to the central nervous system by toxoplasma gondii, a pathogenic hypothesis is offered. | 1976 | 1247473 |
| toxoplasma gondii: disease patterns in mice treated with the folate antagonist methotrexate. | | 1976 | 1253880 |
| toxoplasma gondii: a new diagnostic approach based on the specific binding of erythrocytes to lymphoid cells. | | 1976 | 1253881 |
| toxoplasma gondii: large-scale purification by zonal density gradient centrifugation. | | 1976 | 1253886 |
| cockroaches as possible transport hosts of toxoplasma gondii in costa rica. | | 1976 | 1255363 |
| the prevalence of toxoplasmosis on pacific islands, and the influence of ethnic group. | the prevalence of toxoplasma dye-test antibody was determined in inhabitants of a number of pacific islands, in melanesia, micronesia and polynesia, and on taiwan. with the exception of one island in french polynesia, two hawaiian islands, and taiwan, toxoplasma antibody prevalences were high, ranging between 84% and 100% in the adult populations tested. on the hawaiian islands of oahu and hawaii, populated by several ethnic groups, and where about 50% of the total adult populations were estimat ... | 1976 | 1259082 |
| macrophage proliferation and activation during toxoplasma gondii infection in mice: relationship to lymphocyte stimulation. | macrophage proliferation and activation as well as lymphocyte stimulation in the peritoneal cavities of mice were investigated during the course of a toxoplasma gondii (beverly strain) infection. macrophage proliferation had started already after day one and reached a first peak on day 2 (3h-thymidine labelling index approximately 6%). this proliferation was not accompanied by any notable lymphocyte stimulation. an equally high l.i. for macrophages was found after injection of 0.9% saline. from ... | 1976 | 1266631 |
| toxoplasma gondii: isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants. | | 1976 | 1269580 |
| strain-dependent differences in murine susceptibility to toxoplasma. | susceptibility of seven inbred and outbred strains of mice to infection with trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii at two different doses was determined. stroking strain differences in susceptibility and changes of susceptibility with dosage change were seen. the data are consistent with the hypothesis that this may be due to genetic factors. | 1976 | 1270155 |
| the survival of toxoplasma gondii trophozoites in changes in osmotic pressure. | it has generally been assumed that the trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii cannot survive long outside the body and they cannot resist even small changes in osmotic pressure, and that toxoplasmosis is transmitted by transplacental infection, cysts and oocysts. in an attempt to demonstrate that trophozoites can resist changes in osmotic pressure, some were preserved in ascitic fluid made hypertonic with 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% salt excess of sodium chloride and in ascitic fluid made hypotonic by mixing ... | 1976 | 1271877 |
| development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to first-generation merozoites of eimeria bovis. | merozoites of eimeria bovis were harvested from bovine monocyte cell cultures and used to immunize balb/c mice. spleens from immunized mice were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells. supernates from resulting hybridoma cell lines were examined for antibodies to first-generation e. bovis merozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay. three positive cell lines were identified and cloned by limiting dilution. all three cell lines produced immunoglobulins of the ... | 1992 | 1281590 |
| [antibodies against the rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii in a sample of women of childbearing age]. | | 1992 | 1284899 |
| fc gamma receptors in cancer and infectious disease. | through interaction with antibody, igg fc receptors provide an interface between specific humoral immunity and fc gamma r-bearing host cells. fc gamma r trigger such diverse functions as immune complex clearance, phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens, reactive oxygen intermediate and enzyme secretion, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc). moreover, fc gamma r are the exclusive trigger molecules for tumor cell killing by human myeloid cells. studies of fc gamma r function have been a ... | 1992 | 1287116 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis: is screening desirable? | toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by the parasite toxoplasma gondii, is a worldwide health problem. infection of a pregnant woman can result in severe fetal morbidity and even death. moreover, there is increasing awareness that congenital toxoplasmosis can cause blindness, epilepsy and other abnormalities in children and adults. congenital toxoplasmosis can only be prevented by giving information on how to avoid the infection during pregnancy or by routine serologic screening of pregnant women to ... | 1992 | 1290068 |
| diagnosis of toxoplasma infection in the pregnant woman and the unborn child: current problems. | prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis requires identification of non immune women at the beginning of pregnancy, instruction on how to avoid contamination and a serological follow-up of the women until the delivery. the latter is easily achieved by a repeated testing for specific igg and igm. most of the interpretation difficulties arise from results suggestive of recent infection obtained on a first specimen. if no rise in igg titer is demonstrated on a second serum sample, the use of addition ... | 1992 | 1290069 |
| prevention of prenatal toxoplasmosis by serological screening of pregnant women in austria. | in 1975 austria introduced an obligatory serological screening of pregnant women for toxoplasmosis. every woman is tested for antibodies at the beginning of her pregnancy and, in case of seronegativity, again in the second and third trimester. basic tests are--alternatively--dye test (sft) and indirect fluorescent antibody test ifat); for further clarification, complement fixation test (cft) and, particularly, various tests for detection of specific igm and iga antibodies and, in certain cases, ... | 1992 | 1290071 |
| screening programme for congenital toxoplasmosis in france. | the high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in france led to the establishment of a national screening programme. preventive measures were progressively introduced, and these became compulsory in 1978 with the result that the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis is now markedly reduced. further improvements may include more systematic sampling from women before pregnancy, better and adequate health education and centralized notification of both maternal and congenital cases of toxoplasmo ... | 1992 | 1290073 |
| cord blood screening for congenital toxoplasmosis: detection and treatment of asymptomatic newborns in basel, switzerland. | cord blood screening is a helpful tool for the detection of infants probably infected with toxoplasma gondii, if serological data of the mothers are not available. testing for toxoplasma specific igm and igg antibodies of about 30,000 cord blood sera gave information about the changes in prevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in basel between 1983 and 1991. the follow up and treatment of the infected children revealed the need of a randomized study comparing high and low dos ... | 1992 | 1290074 |
| newborn screening for congenital toxoplasma infection: five years experience in massachusetts, usa. | since 1986, all massachusetts newborn filter paper blood specimens, and some from new hampshire, have been screened for the presence of igm antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using an enzyme-linked igm capture assay. among approximately 530,000 infants screened, 40 had serologically confirmed congenital toxoplasma infection, and 4 additional infants had borderline serologies, for an overall identification and treatment rate of 1:12,000. false positive results from the newborn's filter paper specime ... | 1992 | 1290076 |
| application of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 47 immunocompromised patients (26 with aids and 21 patients on immunosuppressive therapy) was analysed for the presence of toxoplasma gondii dna by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). specific target dna derived from the b1 and p30 gene of toxoplasma gondii was detected in bal fluids from three patients with aids (6.4%). pneumonia as the presenting feature of disseminated toxoplasmosis was confirmed by both clinical findings and by detection of t ... | 1992 | 1291318 |
| [tuberculosis of the lymphatic nodes and coexisting invasion with toxoplasma gondii]. | six cases of the peripheral lymphatic nodes tuberculosis with positive serologic reactions to toxoplasma gondii antigen are presented. it was shown, that independently of a complex of clinical examinations histologic examination is decisive for the diagnosis of lymphatic nodes tuberculosis with coexisting toxoplasmosis. a positive serologic reaction with t. gondii antigen in patients with lymphatic nodes tuberculosis may reflect inactive infection with t. gondii. use of anti-toxoplasmosis drugs ... | 1992 | 1293563 |
| [sarcoidosis in coexistence with toxoplasma gondii invasion]. | two cases of sarcoidosis with peripheral lymphatic nodes involvement and coexisting toxoplasmosis are presented. both cases illustrate diagnostic and differentiating problems in patients with chronic lymphatic nodes enlargement and positive serological reaction to t. gondii antigen. an emphasis is on the importance of the histological examination of the lymphatic nodes for the sarcoidosis diagnosis and contribution of t. gondii to the disease. positive serological reaction to t. gondii antigen i ... | 1992 | 1293568 |
| toxoplasma gondii pneumonitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | pulmonary toxoplasmosis is a rarely recognized opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. a few case reports have described pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in association with toxoplasma gondii central nervous system disease. we encountered six cases of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who presented with a protracted febrile illness, respiratory symptoms, and an abnormal chest roentgenogram in the abse ... | 1992 | 1304722 |
| antigen presentation by toxoplasma-infected cells: antigen entry through cell membrane fusion. | the antigen presentation of cells infected by toxoplasma gondii (t.g.) for mhc class-i-restricted cytotoxic t cells (ctl) was blocked by treating the t.g.-infected cells with the fungal antibiotic brefeldin a. electron microscopic analysis of t.g.-infected murine and human-antigen-presenting cells (apc) prepared by the combination of quick-freezing with the deep-etching or freeze-substitution methods revealed that the outer membrane of t.g. fused with some parts of the vacuolar membranes of apc ... | 1992 | 1306048 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in ubon ratchathani province. | | 1992 | 1306199 |
| [absorption of human serum antibodies against toxoplasma gondii using tachyzoites from the rh strain]. | absorption experiments to determine the number of t. gondii tachyzoites to extract the anti-toxoplasma antibodies present in the human serum were carried out. the antibodies titer from each serum (n = 4) was determined by means of the sabin-feldman test (dye test). ten millions of tachyzoites were sufficient to absorb the antibodies from sera presenting titer 1:16, 1:64 and 1:256. on the other side, the absorption of a 1:512 positive serum with 10 x 10(6) t. gondii decreased the titer to 1:64 an ... | 1992 | 1307004 |
| [electrocardiographic alterations in persons with a positive serology for toxoplasmosis]. | to each of 11,161 randomly taken people from urban and peri-urban localities of the first seven regions of chile (geographic area of distribution of chagas' disease in the country), with negative serology for chagas' disease, an indirect hemagglutination test (ihat) for toxoplasmosis and an ekg were practiced. the ihat for toxoplasmosis resulted positive in 3,519 individuals (31.5%). the ekg showed alterations in 10.9% of the ihat positive individuals and in 7.9% of the ihat negative ones. this ... | 1992 | 1307005 |
| [diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction]. | based on the partial sequences of the specific dna cloned fragment from t. gondii (zs2 strain) a specific primer of the oligonucleotide for the toxoplasma gondii dna sequence has been designed and synthesized in our laboratory. the method of the dna diagnosis for toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been established. a specific amplified band was shown in the pcr products from dnas of t. gondii and seven manifold terata. the dnas from the peripheral blood leukocytes of fifty norm ... | 1992 | 1307268 |
| antigens of toxoplasma gondii in a aids patient urine detected by coagglutination. | | 1992 | 1308573 |
| chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in aids. | parasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the hiv epidemic. available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) suggests a predominance of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium spp. for reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as plasmodium falciparum, strongyloides stercoralis and entamoeba histol ... | 1992 | 1308934 |
| clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. | the chemistry, mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of clarithromycin and azithromycin are described. clarithromycin and azithromycin are new macrolide antibiotics that are similar in structure to erythromycin. compared with erythromycin, clarithromycin demonstrates increased activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, and chlamyd ... | 1992 | 1312921 |
| high correlation in antibody titers between the sabin-feldman dye test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting immunoglobulin g antibodies to the nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase of toxoplasma gondii. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect immunoglobulin g antibodies against nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, which is a specific and dominant antigen of toxoplasma gondii, was developed, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were compared with those of the sabin-feldman dye test. one hundred percent agreement was observed in comparative study between those tests on 37 positive and 50 negative human sera. antibody titers in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, which were ... | 1992 | 1316368 |
| preservation of feline anti-toxoplasma gondii antibody activity using blood absorbed on filter paper stored under different conditions. | the present study deals with the successful long-term preservation of feline anti-toxoplasma gondii antibody activity on filter paper strips stored with silica gel. when filter paper strips were kept at 25 degrees c with silica gel, antibody activity in blood samples was preserved for at least six months. | 1992 | 1320286 |
| macrophage functions in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and toxoplasma gondii. | it was suspected that feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection would affect the function of feline macrophages, and that the concomitant infection of cats with fiv and toxoplasma gondii would cause even greater changes in macrophage function. sixteen specific-pathogen-free kittens, four per group, were infected either with fiv, t. gondii, both pathogens, or neither pathogen. after the cats had been infected with fiv for 14 weeks (8 weeks after t. gondii infection), peritoneal macrophages we ... | 1992 | 1321533 |
| congenital infections and the nervous system. | despite vaccines, new antimicrobials, and improved hygienic practices, congenital infections remain an important cause of death and long-term neurologic morbidity among infants world-wide. important agents include toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and rubella virus. in addition, several other agents, such as the varicella zoster virus, human parvovirus b19, and borrelia burgdorferi, can potentially infect the fetus and cause adverse fetal ... | 1992 | 1321971 |
| cytomegalovirus-induced reactivation of toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in mice: lung lymphocyte phenotypes and suppressor function. | active cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is associated with immunosuppression and predisposes to the development of life-threatening superinfections in immunocompromised patients. in a mouse model of virus-induced immunosuppression, acute murine cmv (mcmv) infection induced reactivation of dormant toxoplasma gondii infection, producing toxoplasma pneumonia. changes in lung lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes appeared to be integral to the pathogenesis of mcmv-induced reactivation of t. gondii pneumo ... | 1992 | 1323625 |
| synergistic activity of azithromycin and pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. | the efficacy of azithromycin administered alone or combined with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine was examined in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. outbred swiss mice acutely infected with tachyzoites of the virulent rh strain were treated for 10 days from day +1 postinfection. the efficacy of each regimen was assessed in terms of survival rates and sequential titration of parasites in blood, brain, and lungs by using a tissue culture method. administration of azithromycin at 300, 150, or 75 m ... | 1992 | 1324642 |
| in vitro effects of interleukin-4 on interferon-gamma-induced macrophage activation. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-4 (il-4) have been shown to be secreted by distinct t-helper cell subsets which have different roles in the determination of host resistance to infection. we studied the activity of these two cytokines on effector mechanisms of mouse macrophages. in vitro cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages from c57bl/6 mice were treated with ifn-gamma, il-4, or a combination of both cytokines and the ability to secrete superoxide or nitrite or to restrict growth ... | 1992 | 1328038 |
| opportunistic infections and retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency: studies of acute and chronic infections with toxoplasma gondii in mice infected with lp-bm5 murine leukemia viruses. | mice infected with lp-bm5 murine leukemia viruses develop a syndrome, termed mouse aids (maids), characterized by increasingly severe immunodeficiency and progressive lymphoproliferation. virus-infected mice were examined for the ability to resist acute infection and to control chronic infection with the protozoan toxoplasma gondii, a major opportunistic pathogen of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. mice infected with the retroviruses for 2 or 4 weeks responded normally to ... | 1992 | 1328058 |
| biosynthesis of glycolipid precursors for glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors in a toxoplasma gondii cell-free system. | toxoplasmosis, a disease that affects humans and a wide variety of mammals is caused by toxoplasma gondii, the obligate intracellular coccidian protozoan parasite. most t. gondii research has focused on the rapidly growing invasive form, the tachyzoite, which expresses five major surface proteins attached to the parasite membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors. we have recently reported the purification and partial characterization of candidate precursor glycolipids (gpis) from me ... | 1992 | 1328232 |
| antibody responses to toxoplasma gondii antigens in aqueous and cerebrospinal fluids of cats infected with t. gondii and fiv. | antibodies to antigens of toxoplasma gondii were measured in the aqueous and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 16 specific-pathogen free kittens experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), t. gondii, or both pathogens. the results indicated that all cats infected with t. gondii had antibody responses to antigens of t. gondii in both aqueous fluids and csf. co-infection with fiv did not affect antibody levels. aqueous fluids from eyes of cats with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis di ... | 1992 | 1330426 |
| serologic prevalence of selected infectious diseases in cats with uveitis. | serologic evidence of infection by toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline coronaviruses, or feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is commonly found in cats with uveitis. serum samples from 124 cats with uveitis were assayed by use of elisa for the detection of t gondii-specific immunoglobulin m (igm), igg, and circulating antigens (ag), as well as an elisa for feline leukemia virus ag, an elisa for antibodies to fiv, and an indirect fluorescent antibody assay for antibodies to feline cor ... | 1992 | 1330998 |
| purification and properties of a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from toxoplasma gondii. | inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase was identified in toxoplasma gondii and purified to near homogeneity from the crude extracts. the purified enzyme displayed one major protein band which coincided with enzyme activity on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. this phosphofructokinase had a molecular weight of 100,000 determined by gel filtration and was composed of one type of subunit with the molecular weight of 45,000 estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 1992 | 1331784 |
| toxoplasma gondii: an aids enhancing cofactor. | disseminated toxoplasmosis, one of the most severe acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-associated infections in humans, is believed to develop from a latent infection after the cellular immune system is suppressed by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). however, toxoplasma gondii may serve as a cofactor in enhancing the immunodeficiency induced by hiv-1. this hypothesis is supported by the facts that: 1) co-infection with other pathogens in humans infected with hiv-1 may enhance t ... | 1992 | 1334211 |