| analysis of cross-reactivity of five new chicken monoclonal antibodies which recognize the apical complex of eimeria using confocal laser immunofluorescence assay. | for apicomplexa (members) the host cell invasion is realized with the help of the organelles located at the apical tip of parasites. in this research paper the characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against eimeria acervulina sporozoites is described. all mabs reacted with molecules belonging to the apical complex of chicken eimeria sporozoites. on immunofluorescence assay (ifa) one mab, 8e-1, recognized an apical tip molecule present on all chicken eimeria sporoz ... | 2003 | 14651872 |
| detection of eimeria acervulina using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was developed for the detection of eimeria acervulina. primers were designed to amplify a fragment of the easz240/160 sporozoite antigen gene. the pcr assay detected as few as 10 e. acervulina oocysts in a mixed population containing a total of 10(6) oocysts. no nonspecific reaction was observed with any other species of avian eimeria known to occur in australia. pcr products from genomic dna were 237 bp larger than predicted from previously reported ... | 1998 | 9533088 |
| comparative efficacy of anticoccidials under the conditions of commercial broiler production and in battery trials. | coccidia were isolated from a commercial broiler farm with a history of suspected drug resistance. the sensitivity profiles of the eimeria spp. isolates against the anticoccidial drugs nicarbazin (nic), narasin (nar), halofuginone (hal), salinomycin (sal), meticlorpindol plus methylbenzoquate (met), and monensin (mon) at the recommended dose levels were followed in three battery trials (b1, b2, b3) corresponding to a field study over three periods of commercial broiler keeping (f1, f2, f3). shut ... | 1998 | 9615950 |
| comparative testing of anticoccidials in broiler chickens: the role of coccidial lesion scores. | the relationship between oocyst dose and lesion score was evaluated in trials involving five field isolates each of eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima, and eimeria tenella. each trial included an uninfected, unmedicated treatment, and at least three treatments of unmedicated birds given different doses of oocysts from a single isolate. in four trials each with e. acervulina and e. tenella, and all five trials with e. maxima, infected, salinomycin-medicated (60 ppm) treatments were included. each ... | 1999 | 10230905 |
| prior or concurrent exposure to different species of avian eimeria: effect on sporozoite invasion and chick growth performance. | the effects of prior (immunity) or concurrent administration of eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella on cellular invasion in vivo and in vitro and on growth performance in white leghorn chickens (wlc) were examined. weight gains of wlc immunized with e. acervulina and challenged with e. tenella were significantly greater than those of nonimmunized chicks challenged with e. tenella (this occurred despite the increased invasion by e. tenella in e. acervulina-immunized chicks that was reported ear ... | 1999 | 10494414 |
| characterization of stage-specific and cross-reactive antigens from eimeria acervulina by chicken monoclonal antibodies. | the characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that were developed against apical complex antigens of eimeria acervulina sporozoites is realized and the mabs reactivity to merozoites belonging to this species is tested. using immuno-fluorescence assay (ifa), one mab (he-4) that recognized apical antigens common to sporozoites of e. acervulina and e. brunetti bound antigens localized on the apical tip of merozoites from all stages of development examined. the mab 8e-1, reactive ... | 2004 | 15133270 |
| an eimeria vaccine candidate appears to be lactate dehydrogenase; characterization and comparative analysis. | an eimeria acervulina protein fraction was identified which conferred partial protection against an e. acervulina challenge infection. from this fraction a 37 kda protein was purified and its corresponding cdna was cloned and shown to encode a lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). full length cdnas encoding ldh from two related species, e. tenella and e. maxima, were also cloned. the homology between the primary amino acid sequences of these three eimeria ldh enzymes was rather low (66-80%), demonstratin ... | 2004 | 15206462 |
| the effect of dietary betaine in eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary betaine in broiler chicks with either chronic (chr; 2.5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts on day 1, 4, 7, and 10) or acute (act; 1.0 x 10(6) sporulated oocysts on day 1) eimeria acervulina infections. three hundred (experiment 1) or 600 (experiment 2), 4-d-old male chicks were used in the 14-d experiments. in both experiments, a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: two levels of betaine (0 or 0.075%) and three levels of coc ... | 2000 | 10685890 |
| protective immunity against eimeria acervulina following in ovo immunization with a recombinant subunit vaccine and cytokine genes. | a purified recombinant protein from eimeria acervulina (3-1e) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin 1 (il-1), il-2, il-6, il-8, il-15, il-16, il-17, il-18, or gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) gene. when used alone, vaccination with 100 or 500 mug of 3-1e resulted in significantly decreased oocyst shedding compared with that in nonvaccinated chickens. simultaneous vaccination of the 3-1e protein with t ... | 2004 | 15557615 |
| a conserved 19-kda eimeria tenella antigen is a profilin-like protein. | a wide range of recombinant proteins from eimeria species have been reported to offer some degree of protection against infection and disease, but the specific biological function of these proteins is largely unknown. previous studies have demonstrated a 19-kda protein of unknown function designated sz-1 in sporozoites and merozoites of eimeria acervulina that can be used to confer partial protection against coccidiosis. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the gene for ... | 2004 | 15715222 |
| cross-reactivities with cryptosporidium spp. by chicken monoclonal antibodies that recognize avian eimeria spp. | in a previous study, we have developed several chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against eimeria acervulina (ea) in order to identify potential ligand molecules of eimeria. one of these mabs, 6d-12-g10, was found to recognize a conoid antigen of ea sporozoites and significantly inhibited the sporozoite invasions of host t lymphocytes in vitro. furthermore, some of these chicken mabs showed cross-reactivities with several different avian eimeria spp. and the mab 6d-12-g10 also demonstrated cro ... | 2004 | 15725532 |
| role of chicken il-2 on gammadelta t-cells and eimeria acervulina-induced changes in intestinal il-2 mrna expression and gammadelta t-cells. | continuous culture of concanavalin a (con a)-activated spleen cells in the presence of chicken recombinant il-2 (ril-2) promoted preferential growth of gammadelta t-cells. these cells displayed a high level of spontaneous cytotoxicity against lscc-rp9 tumor cells, an avian nk cell target. stimulation of il-2-dependent gammadelta t-cells with con a induced ifn-gamma and il-2 mrna transcripts, whereas stimulation with ril-2 induced only ifn-gamma mrna. subcutaneous injection of 3-week-old chickens ... | 2000 | 10713343 |
| delivery of avian cytokines by adenovirus vectors. | a fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (fav-8) recombinant was constructed by inserting an expression cassette consisting of the fav major late promoter/splice leader sequences (mlp/sl), the chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma) gene and sv40 polya into sites in the right hand end of the fav-8 genome. one recombinant (a3-13) was constructed by an insertion of chifn-gamma into a 1.3 kilobase pair (kbp) deletion which removed a putative open reading frame (orf) with identity to the celo (fav serotype 1) 36 ... | 2000 | 10717297 |
| a dna vaccine encoding a conserved eimeria protein induces protective immunity against live eimeria acervulina challenge. | coccidiosis is caused by several distinct intestinal protozoa of eimeria sp., and is responsible for intestinal lesions and severe body weight loss in chickens. to develop a dna vaccination strategy for coccidiosis, an expression vector pmp13 encoding a conserved antigen of eimeria was constructed by subcloning 3-1e cdna into pbk-cmv and used to elicit protective immunity against e. acervulina. one-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc) with various doses of ... | 2000 | 10930679 |
| intestinal immunomodulation by vitamin a deficiency and lactobacillus-based probiotic in eimeria acervulina-infected broiler chickens. | in a 2 x 2 factorial study, a broiler starter ration was amended for vitamin a (control, c; deficient, a) and probiotic status (-, p) to investigate their modulatory effects onthe host immune system. birds were inoculated orally with eimeria acervulina (ea) oocysts, and disease susceptibility was evaluated by assessment of fecal oocyst shedding. humoral and local cellular mediated immunity were assessed by evaluation of antibody and cytokine (interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] and interleukin-2 [il-2] ... | 2003 | 14708977 |
| effect of eimeria acervulina infections on plasma l-arginine. | as part of a program to study the pathological effects of coccidia infections on growth, we have examined the relationship of plasma l-arginine (arg) levels to infective doses of eimeria acervulina and infection-associated changes in weight gain, plasma carotenoids, and plasma no2- + no3-. chickens consuming a starter ration containing 1.68% arg were infected with a range of doses of e. acervulina. at 6 d postinoculation (pi), weight gains were significantly reduced by infections with 5 x 10(5) ... | 2000 | 11055846 |
| efficacy of diclazuril in comparison with chemical and ionophorous anticoccidials against eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. | two 42-d floor pen studies were conducted with commercial broiler chickens to measure the efficacy of 1 ppm diclazuril in the starter or grower diet in shuttle programs with 66 ppm salinomycin. study 1 compared a salinomycin to diclazuril (starter to grower diet) shuttle treatment with salinomycin to salinomycin, salinomycin to 100 ppm monensin, salinomycin to 99.8 ppm lasalocid, and unmedicated treatments. study 2 compared a diclazuril to salinomycin (starter to grower) shuttle treatment with 1 ... | 2001 | 11297280 |
| effects of whole wheat dilution v. substitution on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. | to test the hypothesis that inclusion of whole cereals in the diet of broiler chickens reduces the severity of a coccidial infection, the effects were investigated, in birds infected with eimeria acervulina, of feeding a complete pelleted control food, the control food diluted with whole wheat (400 g/kg), or a diet in which ground wheat in the pellets was substituted with whole wheat (400 g/kg) so as to achieve the same composition as the control diet. in the weeks prior to and after infection, ... | 2001 | 11432769 |
| heat shock protein 90 genes of two species of poultry eimeria: expression and evolutionary analysis. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is 1 of the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved proteins. in most species, hsp90 is essential for proper cell function. in this study, we present the molecular analysis of hsp90 from eimeria species, the causative agents of avian coccidiosis. the full-length eimeria acervulina hsp90 complementary dna was isolated from intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of eimeria-infected chickens. from evolutionary analysis and sequence identity, it is likely that eimeri ... | 2005 | 15986604 |
| effects of components of artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. | four experiments were run to test the anticoccidial activity of dried artemisia annua leaves and several of their chemical constituents for possible use as prophylactic feed additives. when fed over a period of 3 wk at a level of 5%, a dried leaf supplement of a. annua provided significant protection against lesions due to eimeria tenella but not eimeria acervulina or eimeria maxima. when fed over a period of 5 wk at a level of 1% to chicks undergoing immunization with a live vaccine, it provide ... | 1997 | 9251146 |
| the effect of dietary betaine on intestinal and plasma levels of betaine in uninfected and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. | chicks fed betaine supplemented diets and infected with eimeria acervulina and eimeria maxima had markedly higher levels of betaine in the duodenum and mid-gut than unsupplemented, infected chicks. uninfected chicks fed betaine exhibited almost twice the levels of betaine in the gut as infected chicks. plasma betaine levels were lower in e. maxima-infected chicks than in e. acervulina-or eimeria tenella-infected chicks. betaine supplementation reversed the decrease in weight gain in e. maxima- i ... | 2003 | 12700979 |
| an alternative to antibiotic-based drugs in feed for enhancing performance of broilers grown on eimeria spp.-infected litter. | three trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of lasalocid, an anticoccidial feed additive (90.7 kg/ton); bacitracin, a growth-promoter (50 g/ton); and yeast culture residue (ycr) (1 kg/ton) on the performance of broiler chicks reared to 42 d of age on recycled litter. recycled litter consisted of pine wood shavings containing droppings from chicks infected with 3 select strains of coccidia (eimeria tenella, eimeria maxima, and eimeria acervulina). response variables (bw, intestinal tract ... | 2004 | 14761082 |
| profiling local gene expression changes associated with eimeria maxima and eimeria acervulina using cdna microarray. | eimeria parasites show preferential sites of invasion in the avian intestine and produce a species-specific host immune response. two economically important species, eimeria acervulina and eimeria maxima, preferentially invade and develop in the avian duodenum and jejunum/ileum, respectively. to investigate local host immune responses induced by parasite infection, global transcriptional changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iels) induced by oral inoculation of chickens with e. acer ... | 2003 | 12712262 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of chicken lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf). | the inflammatory response to parasites, bacteria, and viruses is mediated by multiple host factors. tnf-alpha is one of the most pleiotropic cytokines in mammals, but has yet to be identified in avian species. in the current study, we isolated a full-length cdna encoding the chicken homologue of lps-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf), transcription factor, with an open reading frame of 148 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 16.0kda. quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that chicken litaf ... | 2006 | 16466659 |
| effect of ibuprofen on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. | ibuprofen (ibu)-a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is therefore proposed as a candidate molecule for the treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. in all experiments, ibu was administered via drinking water. in a first experiment, chickens were infected at 10 or 21 days of age with oocysts of eimeria acervulina (5 x 10(4)), eimeria maxima (3 x 10(4)), and eimeria tenella (7.5 x 10(3)) an ... | 2004 | 15077799 |
| immune responses in eimeria acervulina infected one-day-old broilers compared to amount of eimeria in the duodenum, measured by real-time pcr. | t-cell responses are supposed to be the major immune reactions in broilers infected with eimeria. the nature of such t-cell responses is influenced by the species of eimeria involved, age of the host, amount of parasites and the preceding infection history. in young chicks the intestine is still developing in length while the lymphocyte populations in the gut develop and differentiate. in chicks infected at young age the immune response may be different in quality as compared to responses in adu ... | 2006 | 16549248 |
| immunopotentiating effect of a fomitella fraxinea-derived lectin on chicken immunity and resistance to coccidiosis. | this study reports a novel immunopotentiating effect of a lectin (ffrl) extracted from the mushroom fomitella fraxinea on poultry cell-mediated immunity and poultry coccidiosis. we describe the extraction of ffrl, its in vitro mitogenic activity and in vivo protection against an oral challenge infection with eimeria acervulina. when tested on several cell types, crude ffrl agglutinated mouse erythrocytes and thymocytes and various other cells including murine and human cell lines. however, crude ... | 2006 | 16553274 |
| unique responses of the avian macrophage to different species of eimeria. | coccidiosis is recognized as the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan protozoa eimeria. increasing evidence shows the complexity of the host immune response to eimeria and microarray technology presents a powerful tool for the study of such an intricate biological process. using an avian macrophage microarray containing 4906 unique gene elements, we identified important host genes whose expression changed following infection of macrophages with sporozoites of eime ... | 2007 | 16563507 |
| application of polymerase chain reaction based on its1 rdna to speciate eimeria. | a method was developed to recover eimeria spp. oocysts directly from poultry litter and determine which species of eimeria were present using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the its1 rdna sequence. the species composition of eimeria oocysts was also compared before and after propagation in susceptible chickens to determine if the relative proportion of each species changed after expansion. in samples from two broiler operations, its1-pcr was able to detect eimeria spp. oocysts recovered ... | 2006 | 16617992 |
| intestinal microbial ecology of broilers vaccinated and challenged with mixed eimeria species, and supplemented with essential oil blends. | intestinal microbiota is an important component in the development of defense mechanisms in the gut mucosa. this project determined the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (mc) of broilers vaccinated at first day of age with live oocysts of eimeria species and fed diets supplemented with 2 specific essential oil (eo) blends, crina poultry (cp) and crina alternate (ca). five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated-uninfected (uu) control; 2) unmedicated-infected (ui) control; 3) vaccina ... | 2006 | 16673762 |
| anticoccidial vaccination: the absence or reduction of numbers of endogenous parasites from gross lesions in immune chickens after virulent coccidial challenge. | male and female floor-reared chickens were immunized with a live, attenuated anticoccidial vaccine (paracox) and then, 28 days after vaccination, were challenged with virulent strains of eimeria acervulina, eimeria brunetti, eimeria maxima, eimeria necatrix or eimeria tenella. the relationship between the post-challenge growth rate and specific gross lesion grades, matched in individual birds, was examined. the numbers of endogenous parasites associated with graded lesions of each species were c ... | 2003 | 14522710 |
| immunohistochemical study of s100-like protein in eimeria brunetti and eimeria acervulina. | we have investigated the expression of a calcium-binding protein, the s100 protein, in eimeria brunetti and eimeria acervulina stages. for this purpose, paraffin sections of distal ileum and bursa of fabricius or duodenum from experimentally infected chickens were treated with anti-alpha-s100 (anti-alpha subunit of s100 protein) and anti-beta-s100 (anti-beta subunit of s100 protein) monoclonal antibodies and anti-s100 whole molecule polyclonal antibody. the avidin-biotin peroxidase method was us ... | 2000 | 10681017 |
| a recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine encoding eimeria acervulina antigen offers protection against e. acervulina challenge. | coccidiosis is a ubiquitous disease caused by intestinal protozoan parasites belonging to several distinct species of the genus eimeria. cell-mediated immunity (cmi) is critically important for protection against eimeria; thus, our approach utilizes the bacterial type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver an antigen directly into the cell cytoplasm of the immunized host and into the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen-processing pathway for induction of cmi and antigen-specific cyt ... | 2006 | 16982843 |
| eimeria brunetti and eimeria necatrix in chickens of argentina and confirmation of seven species of eimeria. | ten poultry farms (broiler breeder pullets, layer pullets, and broilers) in the provinces of entre rios and buenos aires in argentina were examined for presence of eimeria spp. litter samples obtained from flocks 7-11 wk old were taken to the laboratory for oocyst counting and sporulation, then concentrated for inoculation into coccidia-free chickens. species were identified by prepatent period, oocyst size, location and appearance of lesions in the intestine, microscopic examination of mucosal ... | 2000 | 11007025 |
| experimental coccidiosis provoked by eimeria acervulina in chicks simultaneously fed on ochratoxin a contaminated diet. | the progression of coccidiosis provoked by eimeria acervulina was followed in chicks fed on ota-contaminated as well as on ota-free diets. more heavy progress of duodenal coccidiosis, including mortality, occurred in ota-treated chicks as can be seen from the higher value of lesion (3.50) and oocyst (31.65) indices. a stronger decrease of serum total protein was found in ota-treated chicks (22.80 g/l) than in chicks infected with e. acervulina(24.20 g/l), but that decrease was strongest in chick ... | 2007 | 16997337 |
| immune responses and resistance to eimeria acervulina of chickens divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. | resistance to eimeria acervulina was measured in two lines of chickens that had been divergently selected for high (h line) or low (l line) antibody (ab) responses to srbc, and in a randombred control (c) line originating from the same parental stock. fecal oocyst output of cocks from the three lines from the 17th generation was estimated after primary and secondary infection with 2 x 10(5) oocysts. in addition, ab responses to e. acervulina oocyst antigen and cellular immune responses in vitro ... | 2001 | 11469651 |
| effects of feed additives and mixed eimeria species infection on intestinal microbial ecology of broilers. | evaluation of digestive microbial ecology is necessary to understand effects of growth-promoting feed. in the current study, the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities (mc) were examined in broilers fed diets supplemented with a combination of antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) and ionophore (coban 60), and diets containing 1 of 2 essential oil (eo) blends, crina poultry (cp) and crina alternate (ca). five treatments were analyzed: 1) unmedicated uninfected control; 2) unmedica ... | 2006 | 17135664 |
| evaluation of the most effective measures of infectivity of a precocious line of eimeria acervulina in poultry. | | 2006 | 17156324 |
| influence of pediococcus-based probiotic on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. | coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan parasites eimeria. drugs and live vaccines are the 2 main control measures of the disease; however, due to increasing concerns with prophylactic drug use and the high cost of vaccines, alternative control methods are needed. recent evidence that various dietary and live microbial supplements can influence host immunity against enteric diseases prompted us to investigate the role of a pediococcus-based probiot ... | 2007 | 17179417 |
| the use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 1. efficacy against eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. | a 49-d floor pen study was conducted with broiler chickens to compare the effects of different anticoccidial withdrawal times on the efficacy of 1 ppm diclazuril. the starter diet in three treatments contained 66 ppm salinomycin + 50 ppm roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid), followed by 1 ppm diclazuril in the grower diet commencing on day 17. diclazuril was withdrawn from these treatments on day 28, 35, or 42 (finisher diet), respectively. two other treatments in the study were given ... | 2002 | 11902410 |
| [the effect of betain on biology and morphology of developmental stages of eimeria acervulina in broiler chicks experimentally infected]. | purposing to investigate the betaine effect on biology and morphology of developmental stages of eimeria acervulina, 420 broiler chicks cobb were experimentally inoculated with 2 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts and housed in battery cages in a block design with five treatments and six replicates each, including a positive control, a group treated with salinomycin and growth promoter plus three levels of betaine as additive in the feed at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15%. measurements of oocysts, sporocysts and e ... | 2006 | 17196124 |
| immune responses to an eimeria acervulina infection in different broilers lines. | the (t-cell) immune responses of two different broiler lines to a primary eimeria acervulina infection were investigated. the lines used were a commercial fast-growing broiler line and a slow-growing type of broiler as used in organic farming. seven-day-old broilers of both lines were infected with 5 x 10(4) oocysts of e. acervulina. the animals were weighed and a species-specific real-time pcr was used to quantify the total amount of parasites in the duodenum. in the fast-growing line, a lower ... | 2007 | 17337304 |
| functional characterization of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (tnfsf15) induced by lipopolysaccharides and eimeria infection. | a full-length cdna encoding chicken tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (tnfsf15) was isolated and its functional role was investigated. tnfsf15 transcripts were primarily expressed in spleen, liver, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel), peripheral blood lymphocytes and bursa. in vitro infection of htc macrophages with three species of eimeria sporozoites induced tnfsf15 gene expression. in vivo experiments revealed that tnfsf15 gene was highly increased following primary infections wit ... | 2007 | 17349692 |
| [preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against sporozoites of eimeria acervulina]. | to establish hybridoma cell lines against sporozoites of eimeria acervulina. | 2006 | 17366978 |
| phenotypic variation among three broiler pure lines for marek's disease, coccidiosis, and antibody response to sheep red blood cells. | to identify candidate genes, chicken lines with the most divergent phenotypes are usually crossed to generate resource mapping populations, for example, either backcrossed or f2 populations. linkage between the genetic marker and the phenotypic trait locus is then tested in the mapping population. as an initial step in the development of a mapping population from commercial broilers, the goal of the current research was to evaluate the phenotypic variation among three pure lines for antibody res ... | 2002 | 12033413 |
| effects of pediococcus- and saccharomyces-based probiotic (mitomax) on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. | coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry. in this study, the role of the commercial probiotic mitomax which contains pediococcus acidilactici and saccharomyces boulardii was evaluated by measuring body weight gain, fecal oocyst shedding, and serum antibody responses as an alternative control method of prophylactic drug against coccidiosis. day-old broiler chicks were fed regular or probiotic diets supplemented with mitomax at 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% of diet, and challenged 2 weeks late ... | 2007 | 17434586 |
| the application of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based capillary electrophoretic technique provides detailed insights into eimeria populations in intensive poultry establishments. | intestinal coccidiosis, caused by one or multiple species of eimeria (protozoa: apicomplexa), is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting chickens. in this study, we used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based capillary electrophoresis (ce) approach to conduct an epidemiological survey of eimeria species in seven australian broiler flocks, varying in age from 18 to 42 days. we confirmed that all seven recognized eimeria species of poultry were present. eimeria acervulina and e. m ... | 2007 | 17448632 |
| nmr structure of pw2 bound to sds micelles. a tryptophan-rich anticoccidial peptide selected from phage display libraries. | pw2 (hplkqywwrpsi) was selected from phage display libraries through an alternative panning method using living sporozoites of eimeria acervulina as target. synthetic pw2 shows anticoccidial activity against e. acervulina and eimeria tenella with very low hemolytic activity. it also displays antifungal activity but no activity against bacteria. we present the solution structure of the pw2 bound to sds micelles. in the absence of an interface, pw2 is in random coil conformation. in micelles, stru ... | 2002 | 12130641 |
| the role of the protozoan parasite eimeria acervulina in disease of the domestic chicken. | | 1950 | 17648475 |
| immunomodulatory properties of dietary plum on coccidiosis. | the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with a lyophilized powder made from plums (p) on host protective immune responses against avian coccidiosis, the most economically important parasitic disease of poultry. one-day-old white leghorn chickens were fed from the time of hatch with a standard diet either without p (control and p 0 groups) or supplemented with p at 0.5% (p 0.5) or 1.0% (p 1.0) of the diet. animals in the p 0, p 0.5, and p 1.0 groups were ... | 2008 | 17686519 |
| effect of vitamin a deficiency on host intestinal immune response to eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens. | the effects of vitamin a (vita) deficiency on the host intestinal immune response and disease susceptibility to coccidiosis were investigated in broiler chickens following oral infection with eimeria acervulina (ea). day-old male broilers were fed milo-soybean meal diets either with 8,000 iu vita/kg feed (cont) or without added vita (a-def). at 25 d, a group of randomly selected birds from each treatment was inoculated orally with ea-sporulated oocysts. intestinal immune response was assessed by ... | 2002 | 12412917 |
| enhanced mucosal immunity against eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a lactobacillus-based probiotic. | the effect of feeding a lactobacillus-based probiotic on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel) subpopulations and subsequent protection against coccidiosis was investigated in broiler chickens. day-old male broilers were fed standard rations without control (cont) or with a commercial probiotic (prob) primalac. differences in iel subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry at 21 d postprobiotic treatment. at 25 d of age, a group of randomly selected birds from each diet was inoculated o ... | 2003 | 12580246 |
| structural biology of membrane-acting peptides: conformational plasticity of anticoccidial peptide pw2 probed by solution nmr. | the bottleneck for the complete understanding of the structure-function relationship of flexible membrane-acting peptides is its dynamics. at the same time, not only the structure but also the dynamics are the key points for their mechanism of action. our model is pw2, a trp-rich, cationic peptide selected from phage display libraries that shows anticoccidial activity against eimeria acervulina. in this manuscript we used a combination of several nmr techniques to tackle these difficulties. the ... | 2007 | 17927950 |
| coccidia-induced mucogenesis promotes the onset of necrotic enteritis by supporting clostridium perfringens growth. | this study tested the hypothesis that a host mucogenic response to an intestinal coccidial infection promotes the onset of necrotic enteritis (ne). a chick ne model was used in which birds were inoculated with eimeria acervulina and e. maxima and subsequently with clostridium perfringens (eam/cp). a second group of eam/cp-infected birds was treated with the ionophore narasin (nar/eam/cp). these groups were compared to birds that were either non-infected (nif), or infected only with e. acervulina ... | 2008 | 18068809 |
| assessment of recombinant bovine somatotropin as an immunomodulator during avian coccidiosis: immunization with living oocysts. | coccidiosis, a disease of great economic importance to the poultry industry, is generally controlled prophylactically by additions of anticoccidial drugs to the feed. however, increasing development of drug-resistant coccidia species has stimulated searches for alternative control methods, one of which is vaccination. as part of this effort, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbst) was tested as a possible immune stimulator in combination with live oocyst vaccination. at a dose of 0.045 mg per c ... | 1997 | 9251145 |
| sulfaguanidine therapy in experimental intestinal coccidiosis (eimeria acervulina) of chickens. | | 1949 | 18125960 |
| effects of natustat supplementation on performance, feed efficiency and intestinal lesion scores in broiler chickens challenged with eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima and eimeria tenella. | the effects of dietary supplementation of natustat, a proprietary plant derived product (alltech inc., ky, usa) and salinomycin, on performance, feed efficiency and intestinal lesion scores were observed during two eimeria challenge trials in broiler chickens. in the first trial chickens were challenged with eimeria sp. via infecting the litter with a known amount of eimeria oocysts. in the second trial the source of the eimeria challenge was the litter from the first trial and the same treatmen ... | 2005 | 15905033 |
| coccidial infections in commercial broilers: epidemiological aspects and comparison of eimeria species identification by morphometric and polymerase chain reaction techniques. | the objective of this study was to add to existing knowledge of the epidemiology and the aetiology of coccidial infections in commercial broiler flocks. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and morphometric identification of the eimeria species were compared as means of differentiation in the field samples of faeces and litter. for morphometry, the eimeria species were categorized into three groups based on lengths of the oocysts. two random samples of commercial broilers were studied, one during 200 ... | 2008 | 18393094 |
| characterisation and histopathological observations of a selected brazilian precocious line of eimeria acervulina. | precocious lines of eimeria acervulina "cu" and "i" strains were obtained after 25 passages of oocysts in chickens that showed a shortening of the prepatent period for first oocyst output from 96 h to 81 and 82 h, respectively. both precocious lines were evaluated for pathogenicity using as criteria weight gain, lesion score and total oocyst production. infection of the "cu" precocious line in chickens showed a high weight gain, low lesion score and low oocyst production, when compared to parent ... | 2005 | 15923086 |
| development of a diagnostic pcr assay for the detection and discrimination of four pathogenic .eimeria species of the chicken. | we describe a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for the detection, identification and differentiation of pathogenic species of .eimeria in poultry. the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) regions of ribosomal dna (rdna) from .eimeria acervulina, e. brunetti, e. necatrix and .e. tenella were sequenced and regions of unique sequences identified. four pairs of oligonucleotide primers, each designed to amplify the its1 region of a single .eimeria species, were synthesised for use in the p ... | 1998 | 18484033 |
| [clinical and pathological aspects in broilers (gallus gallus domesticus) infected experimentally with eimeria acervulina tyzzer, 1929 sporulated oocysts]. | in the present study, clinical signs and pathological changes were evaluated during 30 days in broilers, lineage cobb, males, with ten days old, infected with eimeria acervulina. 192 animals were used distributed in 3 groups: group a inoculated with 1 x 10(6) sporulated oocysts; group b inoculated with 1 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts; group c inoculated with distilled water. the clinical signs observed were anorexia, diarrhea and apathy. the pathological macroscopic changes observed were: enteritis ... | 2008 | 18554435 |
| analysis of transcripts from intracellular stages of eimeria acervulina using expressed sequence tags. | coccidiosis in chickens is caused by 7 species of eimeria. even though coccidiosis is a complex disease that can be caused by any combination of these species, most of the molecular research concerning chicken coccidiosis has been limited to eimeria tenella. the present study describes the first large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) generated primarily from second-stage merozoites (and schizonts) of e. acervulina. in total, 1,847 ests were sequenced; these represent 1,026 unique ... | 2008 | 18564746 |
| identification and characterization of a serpin from eimeria acervulina. | serpins are serine protease inhibitors that are widely distributed in metazoans but have not been previously characterized in eimeria spp. a serpin from eimeria acervulina was cloned, expressed and characterized. random screening of an e.acervulina sporozoite cdna library identified a single clone (d14) whose coding region shared high similarity to consensus structure of serpins. clone d14 contained an entire open reading frame (orf) consisting of 1,245 nts that encode a peptide 413 amino acids ... | 2008 | 18576851 |
| immunoprotection of chickens against eimeria acervulina by recombinant alpha-tubulin protein. | tubulins are heterodimeric molecules responsible for the polymerization of microtubules in apicomplexan parasites. the alpha-tubulin, a subcellular structural protein of eimeria acervulina, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as an alpha-tubulin-gst fusion protein. immunogenicity of the recombinant protein was studied in chickens by subcutaneous injection of 50, 100, or 150 microg of the protein with or without freund's adjuvant. immunization with 150 microg alpha-tubulin-gst protein in ... | 2008 | 18633643 |
| cross-reactivity among antisera raised against five avian eimeria species in the natural host and in rabbits. | water- and sds-soluble antigens were prepared from purified sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, e. necatrix, e. praecox and e. tenella. reactivity of . chicken hyperimmune anti-eimeria sera, rabbit anti-oocyst and rabbit anti-sporozoite sera with the homologous and heterologous oocyst antigens were determined and cross-reactivities were expressed as a percentage of those homologous sera. the results demonstrated that the antisera from chickens infected naturally with eimeria spe ... | 1995 | 18645809 |
| the interactive effects of eimeria acervulina infection and phytase for broiler chicks. | an experiment was conducted to determine the interactive effects of eimeria acervulina infection and phytase in male broiler chicks. chicks were standardized from 0 to 4 d posthatching, and the assay period was 5 to 15 d. treatments were replicated with 6 pens of 5 chicks each. the initial and final bw were 67 and 363 g. a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to provide 1.26% total lys and 3,200 kcal of me/kg was used, and it was adequate in all other nutrients except ca and nonphytate p (npp) when ... | 2005 | 15971529 |
| display and selection of chicken iga fab fragments. | passive immune therapy is regaining interest to prevent and cure infectious diseases both in human and veterinary medicine. therefore, systems are required that enable efficient targeted selection of antibodies originating from virtually any animal species. here, a system for the selection of chicken iga, using phage display, is described. a novel phagemid vector (pchick3) for the display and selection of chicken iga antibodies in fab format was developed. the functionality of pchick3 was demons ... | 2006 | 16280167 |
| relationship of coccidial lesion scores and weight gain in infections of eimeria acervulina, e. maxima and e. tenella in broilers. | a relationship was estimated between weight gains and coccidial lesion scores measured on individual male broiler chicks experimentally infected with different field isolates of eimeria acervulina (seven tests), e. maxima (five tests) or e. tenella (eight tests). there was a small decrease in weight gain as lesion scores increased in e. acervulina infections, and a modest reduction in weight gain with increasing lesion scores in e. maxima and e. tenella infections. this relationship was observed ... | 1990 | 18679960 |
| induction of local protective immunity to eimeria acervulina by a lactobacillus-based probiotic. | previously we have shown that resistance to eimeria acervulina (ea) infection in broiler chickens was enhanced by a probiotic treatment. in the present studies, we examined cytokine and oocyst production under similar conditions using a commercial lactobacillus-based probiotic. day-old male broiler chicks were fed control or probiotic diets and were orally challenged with either 2x10(4) (experiment 1) or 1x10(4) (experiment 2) oocysts of ea at 3 weeks of age. for the first experiment, fecal oocy ... | 2005 | 16293311 |
| the effects of monensin, narasin, salinomycin and nicarbazin, on field strains of chicken coccidia. | the sensitivity was established in vivo of 47 isolates of coccidia obtained from commercial broiler sites, to monensin, narasin, salinomycin and nicarbazin. seventeen samples were obtained from the uk, 15 from the netherlands, six from west germany, six from spain, and one each from france, italy and israel. fourteen (30%) samples were predominantly eimeria acervulina, 18 (38%) predominantly e. tenella. the remaining 15 (32%) were mixed species, predominantly e. acervulina and e. tenella with so ... | 1988 | 18766741 |
| intestinal absorption following challenge of immune chicks with eimeria acervulina. | the absorption of glucose or l-methionine was measured in vitro in the intestine of broilers challenged with 1 x 10(6) sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina. these broilers had various degrees of immunity resulting from previous inoculation with several dosages of oocysts given one to six times. unimmunised broilers were also given the challenge inoculation of oocysts. the level of immunity had a marked effect on nutrient absorption post challenge (p.c.). partially immune birds showed an enha ... | 1984 | 18766818 |
| in-vitro studies on intestinal malabsorption of amino-acids in young chicks infected with eimeria acervulina. | in vitro uptake of l. histidine by intestinal tissue from chicks infected with e. acervulina was slightly reduced. this was confirmed using radio-actively labelled mixed amino-acid substrates in the form of a chlorella protein hydrolysate. | 1975 | 18777288 |
| amino-acid malabsorption and intestinal leakage of plasma-proteins in young chicks infected with eimeria acervulina. | the in vivo absorption of 14c-labelled amino-acids and the leakage of radioactive plasma proteins into the gut of infected birds were measured together with their food-intake and growth. the results suggested that anorexia and protein leakage from the gut are major factors in the pathogenesis of e. acervulina infection. | 1975 | 18777289 |
| coccidiosis in broilers: evaluation of infection by the examination of broiler house litter for oocysts. | a study was made of the incidence of coccidial oocysts in approximately 1,660 samples of litter from 48 broiler houses on 5 broiler farms during a 12 month period during 1974-75. oocysts of eimeria acervulina and eimeria maxima predominated in the samples but oocysts resembling eimeria brunetti and eimeria tenella were sometimes present. oocyst numbers were extremely low and variable at 2 weeks, probably because of the small proportion of faecal material present at this time, reached a peak at 4 ... | 1975 | 18777319 |
| [influence of eimeria acervulina duodenal coccidiosis on intestinal absorption of lysine and on the movement of water and electrolytes]. | the absorption rate of 14c l-lysine and net flux of water and mineral ions (na+, k+) were studied in 4-week-old male chickens infected with eimeria acervulina (10(6) sporulated oocysts/chicken). intestinal coccidiosis significantly decreased absorption rate of 14c-lysine. this effect was particularly pronounced in the jejunum. net flux of water was also modified: its absorption was decreased in the middle and distal small intestine. in the duodenum a net absorption of water was converted to a ne ... | 1976 | 18777344 |
| immunogenicity of recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strains carrying a gene that encodes eimeria tenella antigen so7. | recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccines against avian coccidiosis were developed to deliver eimeria species antigens to the lymphoid tissues of chickens via the type 3 secretion system (t3ss) and the type 2 secretion system (t2ss) of salmonella. for antigen delivery via the t3ss, the eimeria tenella gene encoding sporozoite antigen so7 was cloned downstream of the translocation domain of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sope gene in the parental pya3868 and pya3870 vectors to gener ... | 2008 | 18809658 |
| immunomodulatory effects of feed-borne fusarium mycotoxins in chickens infected with coccidia. | the potential for fusarium mycotoxins to modulate immunity was studied in chickens raised to 10 weeks of age using an enteric coccidial infection model. experimental diets included: control, diets containing grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins, and diets containing contaminated grains + 0.2% polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (gma). contaminated diets contained up to 3.8 microg/g deoxynivalenol (don), 0.3 microg/g 15-acetyl don and 0.2 microg/g zearalenone. an optimized ... | 2008 | 18824722 |
| the optimal immunization procedure of dna vaccine pcdna-ta4-il-2 of eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to eimeria necatrix and eimeria acervulina. | the immunization procedure of dna vaccine pcdna-ta4-il-2 of eimeria tenella, including route, dose, time of immunization and age of primary immunization of chicken, was optimized. the stability and the cross-species protection of the vaccine were also analyzed. efficacy of immunization was evaluated on the basis of oocyst decrease ratio, lesion score, body-weight gain and the anti-coccidial index (aci). chinese yellow chickens were randomly distributed into corresponding groups (30/group). the c ... | 2009 | 19019543 |
| relative virulences of a drug-resistant and a drug-sensitive strain of eimeria acervulina, a coccidium of chickens. | the virulence of a field strain of the chicken coccidian parasite eimeria acervulina (boreham i), dually resistant to the chemically unrelated anticoccidial agents decoquinate and clopidol, was compared with that of a drug-sensitive laboratory strain (ongar) of the same species. following a single heavy infection (prevented from recycling), both strains exhibited pathogenic effects typical of their species, viz., pathognomonic lesions, adverse effects on body weight gain and feed conversion rati ... | 2006 | 16361061 |
| enhancement of resistance to coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by dietary muscadine pomace. | muscadine pomace (mp), a by-product of the production of wine and juice from vitis rotundifolia, was dried and tested in chickens for effects on primary resistance to coccidiosis, development of protective immunity after vaccination with live coccidia, and resistance to necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by the joint action of clostridium perfringens and coccidia. to test primary resistance to coccidiosis, 2-wk-old chicks were given 2% or 5% mp in the diet and inoculated with eimeria acervulina and ... | 2008 | 19166057 |
| detection of five avian eimeria species by species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. | to detect five different avian eimeria species, we applied the sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the diagnosis of field-isolated parasites by using their individual species-specific primer sets. the primer sets were originally designed for eimeria acervulina, e brunetti, e necatrix, and e tenella based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of ribosomal dna, whereas for e. maxima the primer sets were derived from sequences reported previous ... | 2008 | 19166058 |
| plant expression of chicken secretory antibodies derived from combinatorial libraries. | delivery of secretory iga antibodies (siga) to mucosal surfaces is a promising strategy to passively prevent infectious diseases. plants have been proposed as biofactories for such complex immunoglobulin molecules. recently, the molecular characterization of all four monomers of chicken siga (iga immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, j-chain and secretory component) has been completed, allowing recombinant, up scaled production of chicken siga and extension of passive immune strategies to poult ... | 2006 | 16448714 |
| induction of passive immunity in broiler chickens against eimeria acervulina by hyperimmune egg yolk immunoglobulin y. | the protective effect of hyperimmune igy fraction of egg yolk prepared from hens hyperimmunized with multiple species of eimeria oocysts on experimental coccidiosis was evaluated in young broilers. chickens were continuously fed from hatch with a standard diet containing hyperimmune igy egg yolk powder or a nonsupplemented control diet and orally challenged at d 7 posthatch with 5.0 x 10(3) sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts. body weight gain between d 0 and 10 and fecal oocyst shedding betwe ... | 2009 | 19211525 |
| effects of dietary ingredients and eimeria acervulina infection on chick performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility. | in each of three 2-wk experiments, chicks were inoculated on d 9 or 11 with 5.0 x 10(5) eimeria acervulina sporulated oocysts (acute infection) or on d 9, 12, 15, and 18 with 1.5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts (chronic infection). in experiment 1, both fish meal (15%) and grobiotic-p (gb; international ingredient corporation, st. louis, mo; 5%) diets completely ameliorated the negative effects of acute and chronic coccidiosis infection on growth performance of crossbred chicks. the acute coccidiosis ... | 2006 | 16493945 |
| conservation of proteins involved in oocyst wall formation in eimeria maxima, eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina. | vaccination with proteins from gametocytes of eimeria maxima protects chickens, via transfer of maternal antibodies, against infection with several species of eimeria. antibodies to e. maxima gametocyte proteins recognise proteins in the wall forming bodies of macrogametocytes and oocyst walls of e. maxima, eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina. homologous genes for two major gametocyte proteins - gam56 and gam82 - were found in e. maxima, e. tenella and e. acervulina. alignment of the predicte ... | 2009 | 19477178 |
| immunoproteomic analysis of the second-generation merozoite proteins of eimeria tenella. | whole proteins of the second-generation merozoite of eimeria tenella were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and western blot using the chicken sera infected artificially with e. tenella. approximately 640 spots were detected on proteome map of the second-generation merozoite stained by coomassie brilliant blue g-250 and 85 spots were recognized on western blot map as antigens. forty four spots of the antigens were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tim ... | 2009 | 19581052 |
| coccidian merozoite transcriptome analysis from eimeria maxima in comparison to eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina. | with the eimeria spp. populations that infect chickens used as a model for coccidian biology, we aimed to survey the transcriptome of eimeria maxima and contrast it to the 2 other eimeria spp. for which transcriptome data are available, i.e., eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina . the asexual intracellular development stage, the merozoite, was specifically examined, and we used expressed sequence tag (est) analysis to provide experimental evidence of transcription and a framework for understan ... | 2010 | 19799488 |
| pathogenesis of eimeria praecox in chickens: virulence of field strains compared with laboratory strains of e. praecox and eimeria acervulina. | the pathogenesis in chickens of the apicomplexan eimeria praecox was compared with that of eimeria acervulina, using intestinal lesions, mucosal integrity, body weight gain (bwg) and the feed conversion ratio (fcr) as criteria. characteristics of each species were described by combinations of polymerase chain reaction assays and classic parasitological signs. there were considerable overlaps in lengths, breadths, shape indices and volumes of the oocysts of each species. both species caused stati ... | 2009 | 19937523 |
| comparison of global transcriptional responses to primary and secondary eimeria acervulina infections in chickens. | in the current study, we compared chicken gene transcriptional profiles following primary and secondary infections with eimeria acervulina using a 9.6k avian intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte cdna microarray (aviela). gene ontology analysis showed that primary infection significantly modulated the levels of mrnas for genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates as well as those for innate immune-related genes. by contrast, secondary infection increased the levels of transcrip ... | 2010 | 19941894 |
| effect of dietary zinc level on serum carotenoid levels, body and shank pigmentation of chickens after experimental infection with coccidia. | two experiments were conducted to test the effects of a dietary zinc amino acid complex (zn-aa) and an anticoccidial drug on eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella infections. in each experiment, 288 day-old three-yellow-chickens were used in a 2 x 3 factorial experimental design. six groups were arranged randomly to receive three levels of zn-aa (0, 40, or 80 mg/kg) alone or with salinomycin (60 mg/kg). additionally an uninfected group was set as negative control. at the age of 21 days birds in ... | 2006 | 16736856 |
| sequence diversity of internal transcribed spacer-1 (its-1) region of eimeria infecting chicken and its relevance in species identification from indian field samples. | conventional method of species identification in eimeria employs phenotypic characters of the oocysts and the site of infection in the chicken intestine, which are subjective analyses. pcr-based identification of eimeria spp. is known to be specific and sensitive. we used internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1)-based nested pcr to follow the distribution of eimeria spp. in the field, which may be of significant value in the management of coccidiosis in chickens. in the present study, intestinal sa ... | 2010 | 20012096 |
| [salinomycin and semduramicin in different concentrations on the broilers eimeriosis control]. | this study aimed to investigate the association of salinomycin and semduramicin, in different doses, against controlled mixed infection of eimeria acervulina, e. maxima and e. tenella in broiler chickens. eight hundred birds were divided into 5 groups (t1: not medicated feed; t2: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 12.5 ppm of semduramicin; t3: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin; t4: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 12,5 ppm of semduramicin and t5: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin) ... | 2009 | 20040210 |
| coccidiosis control by administering toltrazuril in the drinking water for a 2-day period. | a 56-day floor pen study was conducted to determine the appropriate time to administer toltrazuril (baycox) (tol) for control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. litter was seeded with field strains of eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima and eimeria tenella. on days 0, 21, 35 and 56, all birds and feed were weighed. starting on day 14, weekly lesion scores and oocyst counts were performed. the treatments were 125 ppm nicarb (nic) in the starter to 66 ppm salinomycin (sal) in the grower with no to ... | 2004 | 15110398 |
| intestinal mucosal mast cell immune response and pathogenesis of two eimeria acervulina isolates in broiler chickens. | four experiments were conducted comparing intestinal immune responses to 2 isolates of eimeria acervulina (ea), ea1 and ea2. in experiments 1 and 2, broiler chicks of 2 commercial breeds were divided into control (nonchallenged), ea1-, or ea2-challenged groups. on d 6 postchallenge (pc), changes in bw were determined, intestinal lesions were scored, and duodenal tissue was evaluated for morphometric alterations and mucosal mast cell numbers. ea1 produced classical duodenal lesions and reduced vi ... | 2004 | 15510551 |
| the efficacy and economic benefits of supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine in a commercial trial in broiler chickens in china. | the efficacy and economic benefits of supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine were examined and compared with an anticoccidial drug in a trial in broiler chickens under modern commercial conditions in china. in total, 40,660 chickens were used in the present study, half of which were vaccinated with the supercox vaccine comprising a precocious line of eimeria tenella and non-attenuated lines of eimeria maxima and eimeria acervulina, and the other half were medicated with diclazuril delivered as f ... | 2006 | 16876953 |
| eimeria acervulina: the influence of inoculation dose on transmission between broiler chickens. | the course and clinical appearance of an eimeria species infection in chicken flocks depend on the response of an individual bird to infection and on population-dynamics of the infection in the flock. differences in ingested numbers of oocysts may affect oocyst load in the flock and the subsequent infectious dose for not yet infected birds. to study the link between numbers of oocysts excreted by infected birds and transmission of eimeria acervulina, experiments were carried out with 42 pairs of ... | 2010 | 20146923 |
| construction, screening and identification of a phage display antibody library against the eimeria acervulina merozoite. | a single-chain antibody library against eimeria acervulina merozoites was constructed by phage display approach. antibody-displaying phage was selected in four panning rounds against cryopreserved e. acervulina merozoites. five clones were randomly selected from the fourth panning round, and their nucleotide sequences were aligned and compared to mouse germ-line sequences. soluble antibody was produced in a non-suppressor escherichia coli strain, purified by protein a affinity chromatography, an ... | 2010 | 20170639 |
| morphologic changes in the intestine of broiler breeder pullets fed diets naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins with or without coccidial challenge. | the effects of feeding diets containing grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins on intestinal histology were studied in chickens raised to 10 wk of age in the absence or presence of coccidial challenge. experimental diets included the following: controls, diets containing grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins, and diets containing contaminated grains + 0.2% polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent. contaminated diets contained up to 3.8 microg/g deoxynivalenol (d ... | 2010 | 20408401 |
| analysis of chicken cytokine and chemokine gene expression following eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella infections. | the expression levels of mrna encoding a panel of 28 chicken cytokines and chemokines were quantified in intestinal lymphocytes following eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella primary and secondary infections. compared with uninfected controls, transcripts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines ifn-alpha, il-1beta, il-6, and il-17 were increased up to 2020-fold following primary infection. by contrast, following secondary infection by either microorganism, pro-inflammatory mrnas levels were relative ... | 2006 | 16996141 |
| metam sodium reduces viability and infectivity of eimeria oocysts. | metam sodium (ms, sodium n-methyldithiocarbamate) is a widely used soil pesticide. fumigation or chemical sterilization of poultry litter containing infectious oocysts could be an effective strategy to block the transmission of avian coccidia. in the current study, the effect of ms on the viability and infectivity of ocysts was investigated. the development of isolated, unsporulated oocysts of both eimeria tenella and eimeria maxima was inhibited, in a dose-related manner (ic(50) 8 to 14 microg/ ... | 2010 | 20557209 |