| characterization of the extracellular enzyme systems of trichoderma viride ah124. | a mycoparasitic trichoderma viride strain was investigated for the production of extracellular enzymes important in antagonism, by using natural and chromogenic substrates. some of these enzymes, such as beta-1,3-glucanases, and low levels of proteases were produced constitutively. under inductive conditions, the measurable activities of beta-1,3-glucanase, protease and aspecific chitinase increased, while for the proteases and beta-1,3-glucanases, the levels depended on both the nitrogen and th ... | 2001 | 11426856 |
| cell-wall composition and polysaccharide synthase activity changes following photoinduction in trichoderma viride. | the differentiation and metabolism in the soil-borne saprophytic deuteromycete trichoderma viride are subject to control by light. we have investigated the effect of illumination of mycelia on the activities of cell-wall synthesizing enzymes beta-1,3-glucan synthase and chitin synthase and on the composition of cell alls. after 10 min illumination of dark-grown mycelia with white fluorescent light at 600 1x, a gradual rise in specific activity of membrane-bound enzymes beta-1,3-glucan synthase b ... | 2001 | 11426862 |
| enzymatic synthesis of two ginsenoside re-beta-xylosides. | two new beta-xylosyl derivatives of ginsenoside re, 20(s)-protopanaxatriol 6-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 20(s)-protopanaxatriol 6-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, were respectively synthesized from p-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside and phenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside as donors and ginsenoside re as the acceptor in 25% ... | 2001 | 11440145 |
| analysis of retted and non retted flax fibres by chemical and enzymatic means. | flax fibres (linum usitatissimum l.) were subjected to chemical and enzymatic analysis in order to determine the compositional changes brought about by the retting process and also to determine the accessibility of the fibre polymers to enzymatic treatment. chemical analysis involved subjecting both retted and non retted fibres to a series of sequential chemical extractions with 1% ammonium oxalate, 0.05 m koh, 1 m koh and 4 m koh. retting was shown to cause minimal weight loss from the fibres b ... | 2001 | 11500214 |
| the effect of azalomycin f on ca2+ homeostasis in trichoderma viride and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | azalomycin f (amf), a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, in concentrations of 10(-5) g/ml (10(-6) - 10(-5) mol/l) was found to stimulate both the 45ca2+ influx and efflux in intact trichoderma viride submerged mycelium and in cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae without having ca2+ ionophoric properties. amf also inhibited atp-dependent ca2+ uptake in membrane fractions prepared from t. viride submerged mycelium. 45ca2+ which had been accumulated in membrane fractions in an atp-dependent manner was re ... | 2001 | 11519685 |
| identification of trichoderma strains by image analysis of hplc chromatograms. | forty-four trichoderma strains from water-damaged building materials or indoor dust were classified with chromatographic image analysis on full chromatographic matrices obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with uv detection of culture extracts. the classes were compared with morphological identification and rdna sequence data, and for each class all strains were of the same identity. with all three techniques each strain--except one--was identified as the same species. these strain ... | 2001 | 11583856 |
| isolation and characterization of a trypsin-like protease from trichoderma viride. | a serine endopeptidase with a molecular mass of 25 kda has been purified from the culture filtrate of trichoderma viride to electrophoretic homogeneity. the isoelectric point was determined at 7.3. two carboxyl sites at arg22 and lys29 of the oxidized insulin b-chain were cleaved, and peptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates with lys or arg at the p1 position were also hydrolyzed by the enzyme. these results suggest that the specificity of t. viride protease is similar to that of trypsin. however, the ... | 2001 | 11727835 |
| nutritional influence on fungal colony growth and biomass distribution in response to toxic metals. | this work examines nutritional influence on fungal colony growth and biomass distribution in response to toxic metals. in low-substrate solid medium, 0.1 mm cd, cu and zn caused a decrease in radial expansion of both trichoderma viride and rhizopus arrhizus. however, as the amount of available carbon source (glucose) increased, the apparent toxicity of the metals decreased. these metals also affected the overall length of the fungal mycelium and branching patterns. in low-nutrient conditions, t. ... | 2001 | 11731141 |
| isolation, enzymatic properties, and mode of action of an exo-1,3-beta-glucanase from trichoderma viride. | an exo-1,3-beta-glucanase has been isolated from cultural filtrate of t. viride az36. the n-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme (m = 61 +/- 1 kda) showed no significant homology to other known glucanases. the 1,3-beta-glucanase displayed high activity against laminarins, curdlan, and 1,3-beta-oligoglucosides, but acted slowly on 1,3-1,4-beta-oligoglucosides. no significant activity was detected against high molecular mass 1,3-1,4-beta-glucans. the enzyme carried out hydrolysis with inversio ... | 2001 | 11733006 |
| utilization of commercial non-chitinase enzymes from fungi for preparation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose from beta-chitin. | commercial non-chitinase enzymes from aspergilus niger, acremonium cellulolyticus and trichoderma viride were investigated for potential utilization in the preparation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, glcnac) from chitin. among the tested enzymes, cellulase a. cellulolyticus exhibited highest chitinolytic activity per weight toward amorphous chitin and beta-chitin from squid pen. the optimum ph of the enzyme was 3 where it produced two major hydrolytic products, glcnac a ... | 2002 | 11814444 |
| influence of fungal elicitors on production of ajmalicine by cell cultures of catharanthus roseus. | suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) were elicited with fungal cell wall fragments of aspergillus niger (a. niger), fusarium moniliforme (f. moniliforme), and trichoderma viride (t. viride). the effects of elicitor dosage, exposures time, and age of subculture on ajmalicine accumulation were studied. a higher concentration of elicitor extract responded positively to c. roseus suspension cultures. ajmalicine accumulation increased by about 3-fold when cells were treated with a. ... | 2002 | 11822914 |
| effects of amino acid alterations on the transglycosylation reaction of endoglucanase i from trichoderma viride hk-75. | endoglucanase i (egi) from trichoderma viride hk-75 catalyzes not only hydrolysis but also transglycosylation reactions of cellooligosaccharides. in order to characterize the important amino acid residues in transglycosylation of egi, three tyr, one leu, and two glu residues of egi were replaced by trp or asp. the seven resulting egi, except for l200w, had reduced activities toward carboxymethyl-cellulose compared to that of wild type egi. the results from the mutations in the catalytic residues ... | 2002 | 11866092 |
| cleavage of the xylosyl serine linkage between a core peptide and a glycosaminoglycan chain by cellulases. | we previously found that endo-beta-xylosidase from patinopecten is an endo-type glycosidase that cleaves the xylosyl serine linkage between a glycosaminoglycan chain and its core protein (takagaki, k., kon, a., kawasaki, h., nakamura, t., tamura, s., and endo, m. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 854-860). screening for endo-beta-xylosidase activity in several cellulases detected this activity in the enzymes from aspergillus niger, penicillium funiculosum, trichoderma reesei, trichoderma viride, and ir ... | 2002 | 11877400 |
| comparative degradation of oomycete, ascomycete, and basidiomycete cell walls by mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi. | fourteen fungi (primarily representing mycoparasitic and biocontrol fungi) were tested for their ability to grow on and degrade cell walls (cws) of an oomycete (pythium ultimum), ascomycete (fusarium equisetii), and basidiomycete (rhizoctonia solani), and their hydrolytic enzymes were characterized. protein was detected in the cultural medium of eleven of the test isolates, and these fungi significantly degraded cws over the 14-day duration of the experiment. in general, a greater level of cw de ... | 2002 | 11888164 |
| vegetative growth, aging- and light-induced conidiation of trichoderma viride cultivated on different carbon sources. | the growth and conidiation of the aged trichoderma viride culture grown in the dark, and after an induction by a light pulse, was examined in the presence of selected mono-, di(tri)saccharides, amino acids and alcohols as sole carbon sources. hexoses and disaccharides, but not pentoses and amino acids, promoted proportionally both growth and conidiation induced by aging or light. all compounds but pentoses promoted the conidiation in aged cultures and photoconidiation in a close correlation. eth ... | 2001 | 11899475 |
| circular dichroism of mitochondrial ribosomal rna from trichoderma viride. | | 1971 | 11945608 |
| biological control of cucumber and sugar beet damping-off caused by pythium ultimum with bacterial and fungal antagonists. | five bacterial strains belonging to bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens and ps. corrugata and two fungal strains belonging to trichoderma viride and gliocladium virens were evaluated for their efficacy in controlling sugar beet and cucumber damping-off caused by pythium ultimum. | 2002 | 12010548 |
| the effects of volatile microbial secondary metabolites on protein synthesis in serpula lacrymans. | the effects of volatile secondary metabolites produced by trichoderma pseudokoningii, trichoderma viride and trichoderma aureoviride on growth rate and protein synthesis in two serpula lacrymans isolates were investigated. mycelial growth was affected to differing degrees, depending on the specific interactive microbial couplet involved. protein synthesis by both s. lacrymans (forfar) and s. lacrymans (h28) was affected by the volatile secondary metabolites of t. aureoviride and t. viride, but n ... | 2002 | 12044677 |
| purification and characterization of aavp, a protein inhibitor of tmv infection, from the edible fungus, agrocybe aegerita. | a protein with activity of inhibiting tmv infection on nicotiana glutinosa, named aavp, was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of edible fungus agrocybe aegerita by precipitation of 40%--80% saturation of (nh(4))(2)so(4) followed by deae-fast flow and s-200 column chromatography. the protein was proved to be homogeneous by sds-page and ief. analysis of the composition of amino acids showed that this protein contained no cysteine, poor in methionine and phenylalanine and rich in acidi ... | 2001 | 12050799 |
| scp and crude pectinase production by slurry-state fermentation of lemon pulps. | single cell protein (scp) and crude pectinolytic enzymes production from citrus pulps is reported. scp and enzymes were produced by slurry-state flask cultivation of aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride on pulps from lemon juice clarification. production as well as crude pectinase activity was not affected by the high dry matter content of the pulps. both the protein content in the residue and the enzyme activity in the supernatant were higher in t. viride than in a. niger culture. the crude ... | 2002 | 12056496 |
| tobacco-expressed brassica juncea chitinase bjchi1 shows antifungal activity in vitro. | we have previously isolated a brassica juncea cdna encoding bjchi1, a novel chitinase with two chitin-binding domains, and have shown that its mrna is induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment (k.-j. zhao and m.-l. chye, plant mol. biol. 40 (1999) 1009-1018). by the presence of two chitin-binding domains, bjchi1 resembles the precursor of uda (urtica dioica agglutinin) but, unlike uda, bjchi1 retains its chitinase catalytic domain after post-translational processing. here, we indicate t ... | 2002 | 12175020 |
| the elicitation of ethylene biosynthesis by a trichoderma xylanase is not related to the cell wall degradation activity of the enzyme. | a [beta]-1,4-endoxylanase (eix) isolated from trichoderma viride elicits plant defense responses in certain tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) cultivars in addition to its xylan degradation activity. it was not clear whether elicitation occurs by cell wall fragments released by the enzymic activity or by the xylanase protein interacting directly with the plant cells. we used protoplasts isolated from tobacco leaves to test whether the cell wall is required for the stimulation of ethylene biosynthesi ... | 1993 | 12231909 |
| the effect of xyloglucans on the degradation of cell-wall-embedded cellulose by the combined action of cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanases from trichoderma viride. | two endoglucanases of trichoderma viride, endoi and endoiv, were assayed for their activity toward alkali-extracted apple xyloglucans. endoiv was shown to have a 60-fold higher activity toward xyloglucan than endoi, whereas carboxymethyl cellulose and crystalline cellulose were better substrates for the latter. the enzymic degradation of cellulose embedded in the complex cell-wall matrix of apple fruit tissue has been studied using cellobiohydrolase (cbh) and these two different endoglucanases. ... | 1994 | 12232066 |
| biodegradation of wastepaper by cellulase from trichoderma viride. | environmental issues such as the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and pollution are topical. the extent of solid waste production is of global concern and development of its bioenergy potential can combine issues such as pollution control and bioproduct development, simultaneously. various wastepaper materials, a major component of solid waste, were treated with the cellulase enzyme from trichoderma viride, thus bioconverting their cellulose component into fermentable sugars. all wast ... | 2003 | 12421003 |
| antimicrobial activity of berberine--a constituent of mahonia aquifolium. | the antimicrobial activity of the protoberberine alkaloid, berberine, isolated from mahonia aquifolium, was evaluated against 17 microorganisms including two gram-negative bacteria--pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli (both resistant and sensitive), two gram-positive bacteria--bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus, zoogloea ramigera, six filamentous fungi--penicilium chrysogenum, aspergillus niger, aureobasidium pullulans (black and white strain), trichoderma viride (original green ... | 2002 | 12422513 |
| characterisation and application of glycanases secreted by aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and trichoderma viride ccmi 84 for enzymatic deinking of mixed office wastepaper. | two enzymatic extracts obtained from xylan-grown aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and cellulose-grown trichoderma viride ccmi 84 were characterised for different glycanase activities. both strains produce extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase enzymes. the enzymes optimal activity was found in the temperature range of 45-60 degrees c. endoglucanase systems show identical activity profiles towards temperature, regardless of the strain and inducing substrate. conversely, the endoxylanases produc ... | 2003 | 12443852 |
| [an immunoregulatory effect of endoglucanase preparations on plant resistance to fungal infections]. | effects of enzymatic preparations--pectomacerin, hemicellulase, and trichoderma viride 13/10 cellulase--on the plant immunological status were studied by examples of the pathosystems carrot root-white rot agent (sclerotinia libertiana) and carrot root-black rot agent (rhizopus nigricans). it was demonstrated that these preparations reduced the damage of infections, namely, decreased the permeability of cell membranes in infected tissue and stimulated its defense responses, which manifested itsel ... | 2002 | 12449800 |
| development of a selective myclobutanil agar (mba) medium for the isolation of fusarium species from asparagus fields. | a new selective myclobutanil agar medium for the detection of fusarium, species is proposed. ten media formulations based on various selective agents (pentachloronitrobenzene (pcnb), rose bengal, malachite green, sodium hypochlorite, captan, benomyl, chlorotalonil, myclobutanil, thiram, and cupric sulfate) were compared. first, mycelium growth and colony appearance of alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, epicoccum nigrum, fusarium sp., fuisarium solani, fusariu ... | 2002 | 12455616 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis and physical characterization of commercial celluloses and cellulose-based ion-exchange powdered mixed resins. | commercial celluloses (bh20, epicote, fc+) and their cellulose-containing powdered mixed resins (pmr) were evaluated using enzymatic and physical methods. samples were hydrolyzed with purified trichoderma viride cellulase extract and measured for released reducing sugar using the dinitrosalicylic acid method. physical characterization was performed with gross specific surface areas (gssa) and relative crystalline indices (rci). in addition, fc+ was exposed to physical and chemical processing com ... | 2002 | 12466892 |
| purification and characterization of a chitinase from trichoderma viride. | usukizyme, a commercial enzyme preparation from trichoderma viride, showed multiple chitin- degrading activities. one of these was purified to homogeneity by sequential deae sepharose cl-6b, q-sepharose ff, and sephacryl s-100 hr column chromatographies. the purified enzyme showed optimum activity at ph 3.5 and 50 degrees -55 degrees c and was stable in the ph range of 3.5-6.0 and up to 45 degrees c. it showed higher activity toward chitosan-7b, a 62% deacetylated chitosan, as opposed to highly ... | 2001 | 12483557 |
| purification and characterization of an endo-beta-(1-->6)-galactanase from trichoderma viride. | an endo-beta-(1-->6)-galactanase from onozuka r-10, a commercial cellulase preparation from trichoderma viride, was purified 57-fold. apparent mr values of the purified enzyme, estimated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, were 47,000 and 17,000, respectively. the enzyme was assayed with a galactan from prototheca zopfii, which has a high proportion of beta-(1-->6)-linked galactosyl residues. it exhibited maximal activity toward the galactan at ph 4.3. the enzyme hydrolyzed spe ... | 2003 | 12543554 |
| [purification and characterization of antifungal peptide lp-1]. | an antifungal peptide lp-1 from bacillus subtilis tg26 strain was purified by acid precipitation, acetone precipitation and hi-pore reversed phase column chromatography. the molecular weight of lp-1 is 1057.3 d as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and its pi is 4.75 by pag-ief. it was also found to be thermostable. its antifungal spectrum showed that lp-1 has strong inhibitory activity against many plant pathogenic fungi, such as pythium aphanidermatum, gibberella zeae, alternaria longi ... | 1999 | 12555526 |
| allergen detection from 11 fungal species before and after germination. | allergens dispersed by airborne fungal spores play an important but poorly understood role in the underlying cause and exacerbation of asthma. previous studies suggest that spores of alternaria and aspergillus release greater quantities of allergen after germination than before germination. it is unknown whether this is true of other allergenic fungi. | 2003 | 12589346 |
| genetic and metabolic diversity of trichoderma: a case study on south-east asian isolates. | we have used isolates of trichoderma spp. collected in south-east asia, including taiwan and western indonesia, to assess the genetic and metabolic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma. ninety-six strains were isolated in total, and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological and biochemical characters (biolog system), and by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the rdna cluster, using ex-type strains and taxonomically est ... | 2003 | 12684020 |
| removal of phenanthrene from soil by co-cultures of bacteria and fungi pregrown on sugarcane bagasse pith. | sixteen co-cultures composed of four bacteria and four fungi grown on sugarcane bagasse pith were tested for phenanthrene degradation in soil. the four bacteria were identified as pseudomonas aeruginose, ralstonia pickettii, pseudomonas sp. and pseudomonas cepacea. the four fungi were identified as: penicillium sp., trichoderma viride, alternaria tenuis and aspergillus terrus that were previously isolated from different hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. fungi had a statistically significant positi ... | 2003 | 12699938 |
| oviposition response of the mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus to the secondary metabolite(s) of the fungus, trichoderma viride. | secondary metabolites produced by trichoderma viride, a deuteromycetes fungus, under submerged culture condition were formulated and evaluated for oviposition attractancy against gravid females of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. at a concentration of 10 g ml-1 the formulation showed remarkable attractancy with an oviposition active index (oai) of +0.52. when the oviposition attractancy of the formulation was compared with a known oviposition attractant, p-cresol, both at 10 g ml-1, the former ... | 2003 | 12764438 |
| [secretory expression of an antifungal protein in the mold trichoderma viride]. | afp (antifungal protein) secreted by the filamentous fungi aspergillus giganteus mdh18894 is a strong basic protein (pi>10.65). its mrna has an 430 bp open reading frame encoding the 94 amino acids' precursor of afp. the precursor of afp is processed to form the mature afp of 51 amino acids by a putative two-step processing. a 285 bp afp-like gene (i.e. afp cdna) lacking introns was reported to exist in the genome of trichoderma viride, another species of filamentous fungi, but the gene was sile ... | 2003 | 12766807 |
| the promoter of an antifungal protein gene from gastrodia elata confers tissue -specific and fungus-inducible expression patterns and responds to both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. | gastrodia antifungal proteins (gafps) are a group of mannose-binding lectins purified from gastrodia elata that show strong resistance against a wide spectrum of fungi. the gafp-2 promoter was analyzed for its ability to control the expression of the reporter gene, beta-glucuronidase (gus) in transgenic tobacco plants. the gus assays revealed that the gafp-2 promoter is expressed in a tissue-specific manner, which mainly expressed in the vascular cells. the highest gus activity was observed in r ... | 2003 | 12838365 |
| a screening method for endo-beta-1,4-xylanase substrate selectivity. | endoxylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) substrate selectivity, i.e., its relative activity toward water-unextractable arabinoxylan (wu-ax) and water-extractable arabinoxylan (we-ax) substrates, is important for its functionality in biotechnological processes such as bread-making and gluten starch separation. a screening method for rapidly determining said substrate selectivity was developed. endoxylanase activity toward wu-ax was estimated by incubation of insoluble chromogenic substrate with a range of enzym ... | 2003 | 12842109 |
| purification and characterization of laminaran hydrolases from trichoderma viride. | at least three extracellular laminaran hydrolases which hydrolyzed laminaran (beta-1,3:1,6-glucan) from eisenia bicyclis were secreted in wheat bran solid medium by trichoderma viride u-1. these three enzymes, lam ai, aii, and b, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. their molecular masses were estimated to be 70.1, 70.4, and 45.0 kda for lam ai, aii, and b, respectively, by sds-page. whereas both lam ai and aii could hydrolyze laminarin from laminaria digitata, lam aii showed higher act ... | 2003 | 12843664 |
| bioorganosolve pretreatments for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of beech wood by ethanolysis and white rot fungi. | ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) from beech wood chips after bioorganosolve pretreatments by ethanolysis and white rot fungi, ceriporiopsis subvermispora, dichomitus squalens, pleurotus ostreatus, and coriolus versicolor. beech wood chips were pretreated with the white rot fungi for 2-8 weeks without addition of any nutrients. the wood chips were then subjected to ethanolysis to separate them into pulp and soluble fractions (sfs). from the pulp fractio ... | 2003 | 12890613 |
| utilization of banana agricultural waste: production of cellulases by soil fungi. | banana a major cash crop of maharashtra is cultivated over 46900 hectares generating large amount of agro waste after the harvest. attempts were made to utilize these agro wastes for production of cellulases. of the 127 fungi isolated from the soil of banana field, 12 fungi were found to utilize cellulose as source of carbon. trichoderma lignorum showed appreciable cellulolytic activity. it produced cl, cx and beta glucosidase in carboxymethyl cellulose peptone medium as well as on agro waste ba ... | 2003 | 12974459 |
| transformation of progesterone to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by trichoderma viride pers. ex fries. | | 1956 | 13314645 |
| [experiments on the isolation of a microorganism capable of litocholic acid degradation. iii. oxidation of steroids by trichoderma viride]. | | 1956 | 13354302 |
| induction of cellulase in trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon sources and metals. | | 1957 | 13416182 |
| microbial pentosanases. iii. some factors affecting the production of pentosanases by aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride. | | 1959 | 13629390 |
| effect of duramycin on some isolates of trichoderma viride. | | 1963 | 14076756 |
| multiplicity of the cellulolytic system of trichoderma viride ii. | | 1964 | 14202230 |
| synthesis of lipids from [2-14c]acetate and [14c]glucose by trichoderma viride. | | 1961 | 14448446 |
| sophorose as an inducer of cellulase in trichoderma viride. | mandels, mary (quartermaster research and engineering center, natick, mass.), fredrick w. parrish, and elwyn t. reese. sophorose as an inducer of cellulase in trichoderma viride. j. bacteriol. 83:400-408. 1962.-the impurity in glucose responsible for cellulase induction in trichoderma viride qm 6a has been isolated and characterized as sophorose (2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose). it is present at 0.0058% in reagent grade glucose. sophorose is a very powerful inducer of cellulase for trichode ... | 1962 | 14469205 |
| inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by the barley cystatin hv-cpi (gene icy) is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties. | the recombinant barley cystatin hv-cpi inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum graminicola, and plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma viride. several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their antifungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. point mutants r38-->g, q63-->l, and q63-->p diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cat ... | 2003 | 14558689 |
| molecular cloning and expression in escherichia coli of a trichoderma viride endo-beta-(1-->6)-galactanase gene. | the nucleotide sequence depicted in figure 1 has been submitted to the ddbj nucleotide sequence database under the accession no. ab104898. a gene encoding endo-beta-(1-->6)-galactanase from trichoderma viride was cloned by reverse transcriptase-pcr and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 1437 bp (479 amino acids). the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein showed little similarity with other known glycoside hydrolases. a signal sequence (20 a ... | 2004 | 14565843 |
| intron requirement for afp gene expression in trichoderma viride. | the 430 bp orf of the aspergillus giganteus antifungal protein (afp) gene, containing two small introns, was fused between the promoter and the terminator of the aspergillus nidulans trpc gene. the afp gene in this vector produced detectable levels of spliced mrna in trichoderma viride. in contrast, in the same vector configuration, its 285 bp intronless derivative showed no accumulation of mrna when transformed into t. viride. such expression results were confirmed at the protein level. this fa ... | 2003 | 14600221 |
| viridepyronone, a new antifungal 6-substituted 2h-pyran-2-one produced by trichoderma viride. | a new antifungal 6-substituted 2h-pyran-2-one, named viridepyronone, has been isolated from a cultural filtrate of a strain of trichoderma viride showing antagonistic activity in vitro toward sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. viridepyronone was characterized as 6-(4-oxopentyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 2 with spectroscopic methods. bioassays showed that viridepyronone had a good antifungal activity against s. rolfsii, and its minimum inhibitory concentration ... | 2003 | 14611154 |
| sequences of alamethicins f30 and f50 reconsidered and reconciled. | from the culture broth of the mould trichoderma viride, strain nrrl 3199, a microheterogeneous mixture of the membrane active 20-residue peptaibol alamethicin (alm) could be isolated. alms were isolated by xad-2 column chromatography and separated by silica gel chromatography and trichloromethane/meoh gradient elution into an acidic and neutral group of peptides, named alm f30 and alm f50, respectively, according to their 100 rf on tlc. peptides alm f50 were separated by semi-preparative and ana ... | 2003 | 14658799 |
| the site-directed mutagenesis of gastrodia anti-fungal protein mannose-binding sites and its expression in escherichia coli. | gastrodia anti-fungal protein (gafp) displays strong inhibitory activity against certain fungal pathogens. five gafp analogues with different mutations at mannose-binding sites and the wild-type one were expressed and purified in escherichia coli. the inhibitory analysis of the purified various gafps against the growth of trichoderma viride indicates that single amino acid mutated-type gafps have inhibitory activity, but its activity is much less than the wild-type one. the double and triplicate ... | 2003 | 14683512 |
| changes in properties of glutamate transport in trichoderma viride vegetative mycelia upon adaptation to glutamate as carbon source. | the u-(14)c-labelled glutamate uptake was measured in both sucrose- and glutamate-grown mycelia of trichoderma viride. the biomass yield was five-fold lower with glutamate as a sole carbon source. the rate of glutamate transport measured at a glutamate concentration of 1 mm remained unchanged in glutamate-grown mycelia whereas the properties of the glutamate transport were substantially changed compared to sucrose-grown mycelia. the glutamate uptake in both sucrose- and glutamate-grown mycelia w ... | 2004 | 14734174 |
| a novel saponin hydrolase from neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta. | we isolated a soybean saponin hydrolase from neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta pf1225, a filamentous fungus that can degrade soybean saponin and generate soyasapogenol b. this enzyme was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of about 77 kda and a glycoprotein. nucleotide sequence analysis of the corresponding gene (sdn1) indicated that this enzyme consisted of 612 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 65,724 da, in close agreement with that of the apoenzyme after the removal of ca ... | 2004 | 14766566 |
| evaluation of some fungi and bacteria for biocontrol of anthracnose disease of cowpea. | the efficacy of some fungal and bacterial isolates obtained from cowpea phylloplane in inhibiting the in vitro and in vivo growth of colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose of cowpea was investigated. inhibition of growth of the pathogen with production of zones of inhibition was observed for aspergillus flavus, a. ochraceus, penicillium aurantiogriseum, bacillus subtilis-bs21, b. subtilis-bs22 and b. subtilis-bs23. inhibition of growth on contact was recorded for a. niger whi ... | 2004 | 14768021 |
| biodegradation of beta-cyfluthrin by fungi. | five fungal species, namely, trichoderma viride strain 5-2, t. viride strain 2211, aspergillus niger, a. terricola, and phanerochaete chrysoporium were screened for degradation study of beta-cyfluthrin. each fungal species was allowed to grow in czapek dox medium containing beta-cyfluthrin (5 mg/ml) as the major carbon source of the medium. the highest degradation of beta-cyfluthrin was observed by t. viride 5-2 (t(1/2) = 7.07 days), followed by t.viride 2211 (t(1/2) = 10.66 days). the degradati ... | 2004 | 14995124 |
| chloride transport in the vegetative mycelia of filamentous fungus trichoderma viride. | the influx of chlorides into trichoderma viride vegetative submerged mycelium was measured by means of the radionuclide (36)cl(-). it was found that the (36)cl(-) influx was time-dependent (the steady-state was established with t(1/2 )= 25 min at 25 degrees c), ph-dependent (with ph optimum between 4-5.5), temperature-dependent (at about 15 degrees c), and concentration-dependent (k(m)(cl(-))) = 47.6 +/- 4.2 micromol x l(-1); j(max) = 11.5 +/- 0.7 pmol(cl(-)) x min(-1). mg(dry mass) (-1)). the ( ... | 2004 | 15069671 |
| a novel 11-residual peptaibol-derived carrier peptide for in vitro oligodeoxynucleotide delivery into cell. | using a pore- and channel-forming peptide, tv-xiia, which is an 11-residual peptaibol isolated from the fungus trichoderma viride, we developed a vehicle for the cellular delivery of such polar biologically active agents as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (odns). to function as an odn carrier, basic amino acids, 10-mer of lysine, were conjugated to the c-terminus of tv-xiia and the designed carrier peptide, ac-u-n-i-i-u-p-l-l-u-p-i-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-k-oh (u: alpha-aminoisobutyric acid), was synt ... | 2004 | 15109652 |
| bioremediation of 60co from simulated spent decontamination solutions. | bioremediation of 60co from simulated spent decontamination solutions by utilizing different biomass of (neurospora crassa, trichoderma viridae, mucor recemosus, rhizopus chinensis, penicillium citrinum, aspergillus niger and, aspergillus flavus) fungi is reported. various fungal species were screened to evaluate their potential for removing cobalt from very low concentrations (0.03-0.16 microm) in presence of a high background of iron (9.33 mm) and nickel (0.93 mm) complexed with edta (10.3 mm) ... | 2004 | 15207568 |
| lignoren, a new sesquiterpenoid metabolite from trichoderma lignorum hki 0257. | the new compound lignoren (1) was isolated from trichoderma lignorum hki 0257 by chromatographic methods. this metabolite has a santalane-like structure, which was elucidated by mass spectrometric and nmr spectroscopic investigations. lignoren (1) shows a moderate narrow-spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity. | 2004 | 15266604 |
| application of toxkit microbiotests for toxicity assessment in soil and compost. | the potential of toxkit microbiotests to detect and analyze pollution in agricultural soil and the quality of compost was studied. the toxicity tests used included seed germination biotests using cress salad (lepidum sativum l.), tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and the toxkit microbiotests included those with microalgae (selenastrum capricornutum), protozoa (tetrahymena thermophila), crustaceans (daphnia magna, thamnocephalus platyurus, and heterocypris in ... | 2004 | 15269896 |
| physical and chemical aspects of long-term biodeterioration of some polymers and composites. | a biodeterioration study was performed on synthetic polymeric materials including homogenous film made from poly(tetrafluorine ethylene), copolymer film made from tetrafluorine ethylene and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, vulcanized rubber containing natural caoutchouc, and vulcanized rubber, the main component of which was synthetic butadiene nitrile caoutchouc. the materials were exposed for 12 years to the open air, in mycological containers, and in a cellar in maritime climate conditions: air h ... | 2004 | 15269902 |
| bayesian analysis of botanical epidemics using stochastic compartmental models. | a stochastic model for an epidemic, incorporating susceptible, latent, and infectious states, is developed. the model represents primary and secondary infection rates and a time-varying host susceptibility with applications to a wide range of epidemiological systems. a markov chain monte carlo algorithm is presented that allows the model to be fitted to experimental observations within a bayesian framework. the approach allows the uncertainty in unobserved aspects of the process to be represente ... | 2004 | 15302941 |
| elicitor-induced activation of transcription via w box-related cis-acting elements from a basic chitinase gene by wrky transcription factors in tobacco. | a putative elicitor responsive element with two w boxes (ctgacc/t) has been identified in the region between -125 and -69 of a tobacco class i basic chitinase gene chn48. we generated transgenic tobacco calli that contained the -125/-69 region fused to a luciferase reporter gene. the expression of the reporter gene was induced upon treatment with an elicitor, xylanase from trichoderma viride (tvx). this induction required protein kinase activity. we isolated three cdna clones encoding dna-bindin ... | 2004 | 15358520 |
| synergistic mixtures of fungitoxic monochloro and dichloro-8-quinolinols against five fungi. | fourteen mono- and dichloro-8-quinolinols were tested against five fungi (aspergillus niger, a. oryzae, myrothecium verrucaria, trichoderma viride, and mucor circinelloides) and compared with the fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinol in yeast nitrogen base containing 1% d-glucose and 0.088% l-asparagine. all of the compounds were more fungitoxic than 8-quinolinol except for the surprising activity of 8-quinolinol against a. oryzae. mixtures of the mics of monochloro- and dichloro-8-quinolinols in which ... | 2004 | 15487331 |
| an agglutinating chitinase with two chitin-binding domains confers fungal protection in transgenic potato. | brassica juncea bjchi1 is a unique chitinase with two chitin-binding domains. here, we show that, unlike other chitinases, potato-expressed bjchi1 shows hemagglutination ability. bjchi1 expression in b. juncea seedlings is induced by rhizoctonia solani infection, suggesting its protective role against this fungus. to verify this, transgenic potato (solanum tuberosum l. cv. desiree) plants expressing bjchi1 generated by agrobacterium-mediated transformation were challenged with r. solani. we also ... | 2005 | 15490228 |
| bio-active composts from rice straw enriched with rock phosphate and their effect on the phosphorous nutrition and microbial community in rhizosphere of cowpea. | composts were produced from rice straw enriched with rock phosphate and inoculated with aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride and/or farmyard manure (fym). the resulting composts were evaluated as organic phosphate fertilizers for cowpea plants in pot experiments. the results showed that the maximum amount of soluble phosphorous (1000 ppm) was produced in composts inoculated with a. niger+t. viride with or without fym. any of the produced composts was much better than superphosphate fertilizer i ... | 2005 | 15627564 |
| purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of chitinases from pineapple (ananas comosus) leaf. | three chitinases, designated pineapple leaf chitinase (pl chi)-a, -b, and -c were purified from the leaves of pineapple (ananas comosus) using chitin affinity column chromatography followed by several column chromatographies. pl chi-a is a class iii chitinase having a molecular mass of 25 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.4. pl chi-b and -c are class i chitinases having molecular masses of 33 kda and 39 kda and isoelectric points of 7.9 and 4.6 respectively. pl chi-c is a glycoprotein and the ot ... | 2005 | 15665484 |
| isolation and characterisation of antibiotic producing microorganisms in composted nigerian soil. | compost samples obtained from different locations within the premises of the university of lagos were analysed to determine the presence and types of antibiotic-producing bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes using nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar and starch casein nitrate agar respectively as culture media. a variety of bacteria were isolated and these included staphylococcus aureus, b. subtilis, b. pumilis, b. lactesporus, b. megaterium, b. pulvifaciens, b. licheniformis, streptococus spp., cor ... | 2004 | 15847340 |
| total synthesis of viridiofungin a. | viridiofungin a, a member of amino alkyl citrate antibiotics from trichoderma viride, was enantioselectively synthesized in naturally occurring form for the first time, employing regio- and stereoselective opening of the chiral glycidate with vinylmagnesium bromide and alkene cross metathesis of the citric acid core and hexadec-15-en-8-one as key steps. | 2005 | 15856117 |
| developmental changes in trichoderma viride enzymes abundant in conidia and the light-induced conidiation signalling pathway. | the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase gene and the laccase activity were measured during the development of surface-cultivated trichoderma viride mycelia in order to examine their up-regulation by light. the results show that the changes in activity of gad induced by light observed previously are caused by transcriptional regulation of gad gene expression in both submerged mycelia and aerial mycelia after photoinduction. the expression of tga gene encoding a t. viride g(alpha) protein wa ... | 2005 | 15900543 |
| virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust. | to compare the virulence of spores of 7 fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust. animals-54 weanling boer-spanish goats. | 2005 | 15900941 |
| tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities of trichoderma spp. in relation to p uptake and growth and yield parameters of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). | nine isolates of trichoderma spp. were investigated for their ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate in pikovskaya's broth and were compared with an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium bacillus megaterium subsp. phospaticum pb that was used as the reference strain. all 9 trichoderma isolates were found to solubilize insoluble tricalcium phosphate to various extents. trichoderma viride (tv 97) (9.03 microg x ml(-1)), trichoderma virens (pdbctvs 12) (9.0 microg x ml(-1)), and trichoderma ... | 2005 | 15920619 |
| microbial degradation of cellulose wastes in continuous bioreactors. | this paper reports on experiments concerning the biodegradation of cellulose wastes from wine-producing industries, as well as from cereal crops processing in agricultural farms, using cellulolytic bacterial and fungal species immobilized on radiopolymerized hydrogels. there are described three types of such bioreactors and their main features. the immobilization procedures have been achieved using the following species of microorganisms: bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis, from bacteria, as ... | 2001 | 15954586 |
| characterisation of selenium compounds in rye seedling biomass using 75se-labelling/sds-page separation/gamma-scintillation counting, and hplc-icp-ms analysis of a range of enzymatic digests. | in the present study, selenium-enriched plant biomass was investigated to evaluate the ability of rye seedlings to take up, and assimilate, inorganic selenium. two different analytical approaches were used. electrophoretic separation (sds-page) of proteins extracted from 75se-labelled biomass was used to investigate the biotransformation of selenite into organic forms of the element. ion-pair chromatography coupled with icp-ms detection was chosen for the analysis of selenium species, enzymatica ... | 2005 | 15977033 |
| enzymatic polymerization behavior using cellulose-binding domain deficient endoglucanase ii. | a mutant enzyme, egii(core), in which the cellulose-binding domain was deleted from endoglucanase ii from trichoderma viride, was expressed in yeast, and the secreted enzyme was examined for the enzymatic polymerization to obtain artificial cellulose. egii(core) polymerized beta-cellobiosyl fluoride to afford crystalline cellulose of type ii. comparison of the polymerization behavior of egii(core) with that of egii revealed the following: i) the crystalline product obtained with egii(core) was s ... | 2005 | 15988789 |
| nonfatal pulmonary trichoderma viride infection in an adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia: report of one case and review of the literature. | trichoderma species have been recognized to be pathogenic in immunosuppressed hosts with increasing frequency. trichoderma species are responsible for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis and infections in immunocompromised patients with a hematologic malignancy or solid organ transplantation. trichoderma longibrachiatum is the most common species involved in these infections. we report the first case of nonfatal pulmonary infection caused by trichoderma viride in leu ... | 2005 | 15994049 |
| biodegradation study of crop residues as affected by exogenous inorganic nitrogen and fungal inoculants. | the comparative decomposition of chickpea residue, and chopped and unchopped wheat straw was investigated in pits for 120 days. microbial biomass, humus, c/n ratio, ph, electrical conductivity (ec), dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, xylanase, total phenol and soluble protein were determined to assess their response to the addition of inorganic nitrogen and mixed fungal inoculum of aspergillus nidulans, phanerochaete chrysosporium and trichoderma viride. the evaluation of physico-ch ... | 2005 | 16028202 |
| [hydrogen-bond state analysis of cellobiohydrolase i molecule from trichoderma viride]. | hydrogen-bond states on cellobiohydrolase ii (cbh ii) of trichoderma viride were analysed by laser raman spectroscopic method used to reveal molecular normal modes of vibration character. the results indicated that hydrogen-bond ability of carbonyl oxygen-atom of amide i was raised in two types of aqueous solution samples (6.0 and 8.0 of ph value) compared to the solid sample. the variation trend of beta structure modes was similar between amide ii and amide i. as far as the ability of hydrogen- ... | 2005 | 16097681 |
| detection of new amino acid sequences of alamethicins f30 by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. | the microheterogeneous alamethicin f30 (alm f30) isolated from the fermentation of trichoderma viride strain nrrl 3199 was analyzed by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry (esi-it-ms) and electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (esi-tof-ms). tandem esi-it-ms was used for elucidation of the amino acid sequence based on the fragmentation pattern of selected parent ions. the ms/ms spectra using the [m + 3h](3+) or [m + 2h](2+) ions as precurs ... | 2006 | 16138388 |
| in-vessel composting of household wastes. | the process of composting has been studied using five different types of reactors, each simulating a different condition for the formation of compost; one of which was designed as a dynamic complete-mix type household compost reactor. a lab-scale study was conducted first using the compost accelerators culture (trichoderma viridae, trichoderma harzianum, trichorus spirallis, aspergillus sp., paecilomyces fusisporus, chaetomium globosum) grown on jowar (sorghum vulgare) grains as the inoculum mix ... | 2006 | 16153815 |
| sequence diversity of the peptaibol antibiotic suzukacillin-a from the mold trichoderma viride. | from the culture broth of the mold trichoderma viride, strain 63 c-i, the polypeptide antibiotic suzukacillin (sz) was isolated. a peptide mixture named sz-a was obtained by crystallization from crude sz. individual peptides from sz-a were isolated by semipreparative hplc and sequences were determined by hplc-esi-ms. the data confirm a general sequence of sz-a published previously and in addition establish the individual sequences of 15 acetylated eicosa peptides with c-terminal alcohols. the ma ... | 2006 | 16245259 |
| in vitro studies on the potential for biological control of aspergillus flavus and fusarium moniliforme by trichoderma species. a study of the production of extracellular metabolites by trichoderma species. | culture filtrates of trichoderma viride and trichoderma harzianum were inhibitory of fusarium moniliforme and, to a lesser extent, aspergillus flavus. the degree of inhibition was, however, dependent on the carbon or nitrogen source incorporated into the medium. scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of abnormal fruiting structures on exposure to some trichoderma culture filtrate, while macroscopically, growth restriction and, in the case of a. flavus, altered colony colouration w ... | 1997 | 16284721 |
| synergy between xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 10 and family 11 and a feruloyl esterase in the release of phenolic acids from cereal arabinoxylan. | the bioconversion of waste residues (by-products) from cereal processing industries requires the cooperation of enzymes able to degrade xylanolytic and cellulosic material. the type a feruloyl esterase from aspergillus niger, anfaea, works synergistically with (1-->4)-beta-d-xylopyranosidases (xylanases) to release monomeric and dimeric ferulic acid (fa) from cereal cell wall-derived material. the esterase was more effective with a family 11 xylanase from trichoderma viride in releasing fa and w ... | 2006 | 16292533 |
| bioaccumulation of copper by trichoderma viride. | studies were carried out on interaction of trichoderma viride with copper and reports bioaccumulation as a mechanism of copper tolerance during growth. there was a marked increase in the lag phase of the growth, which was concentration dependent. at a concentration of 100 mg/l of cucl2.2h2o, 81% of cu(ii) were removed by 3.4 g/l of the biomass in 72 h. the process was temperature and ph dependent. the maximum copper bioaccumulation occurred at 30 degrees c, ph 5.0. metabolic inhibitors such as s ... | 2006 | 16324839 |
| self-fusion of protoplasts enhances chitinase production and biocontrol activity in trichoderma harzianum. | protoplasts were isolated from trichoderma harzianum strain pth18 using lysing enzymes and self-fusion of t. harzianum protoplasts was carried out using polyethylene glycol in stc buffer. the fused protoplasts of t. harzianum were regenerated and 15 self-fusants were selected to study the chitinase production and biocontrol activity. high chitinase activity was measured in the culture filtrates of most of the self-fusants (87%) than the parent. among the fusants, the strain sfth8 produced maximu ... | 2006 | 16330207 |
| study of trichoderma viride metabolism under conditions of the restriction of oxidative processes. | trichoderma viride was capable of growth and conidiation in the presence of high concentrations of the uncoupler 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (up to 100 micromol x l(-1) and of the respiration inhibitor mucidin (up to 100 micromol x l(-1) ) in both submerged and surface cultivation. when vegetative mycelia were cultivated on the solid czapek-dox medium with yeast autolysate under an anaerobic and co2-containing atmosphere, the growth was observed only rarely but the microorganism survived ... | 2005 | 16333345 |
| isolation and characterization of vacuoles from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | protoplasts of claviceps purpurea were prepared by treatment of mycelium with a lytic mixture of snail gut enzyme and cellulase from trichoderma viride. such protoplasts could be efficiently lysed by triton x-100 treatment at high osmotic pressure without ca or mg, allowing the release of intact vacuoles in high yields. vacuoles obtained from cells grown in modified vogel medium (vegetative-type cells not producing alkaloids) were isolated and purified by centrifugation from a 5% ficoll 400 (wt/ ... | 1984 | 16346510 |
| utilization of methylthio-s-triazine for growth of soil fungi. | aspergillus niger van tieghem, aspergillus tamarii kita, and aspergillus flavus link ex fries utilized the methylthio moiety of 2,4-bis(isopropylamino) -6-methyl-mercapto-s-triazine (prometryne) as a sulfur nutrient source. other soil fungal isolates not affected by prometryne concentrations to 1 mg/ml culture included: aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) cohn, curvularia lunata (wakker) boedijn, trichoderma viride persoon ex fries, alternaria tenuis nees ex corda, penicillium funiculosum thom, and pae ... | 1970 | 16349873 |
| cellulase production by trichoderma viride on feedlot waste. | feedlot waste contains essentially all the necessary nutrients for batch fermentation with the fungus trichoderma viride. the organism utilizes two-thirds of the carbohydrate in feedlot waste while elaborating cellulase in quantities comparable to commercial preparations. essentially odor-free, the fermented waste contains all of the original nitrogen but has 24% less organic matter. | 1974 | 16349991 |
| semisolid fermentation of ryegrass straw. | candida utilis, aureobasidium pullulans, and trichoderma viride were grown on pretreated ryegrass straw. the pretreatment consisted of hydrolysis of straw with 0.5 n h(2)so(4) (water-substrate, 3:1) at 121 c, 100 c, and room temperature and adjustment of the hydrolysate to ph 4.5 to 5.0 with 5 n nh(4)oh. the 121 c pretreatment yielded a material containing 30% sugar and 2.3% n. the fermentation was carried on semisolid substrate (moisture level, 75%) in rotating jars for 2 to 3 days at room temp ... | 1975 | 16350045 |
| herbicidal and fungicidal activities of lactones in kava (piper methysticum). | this is the first report showing that kava lactones are plant and plant fungus growth inhibitors. aqueous extract of kava roots showed high allelopathic potential and strongly suppressed germination and growth of lettuce, radish, barnyardgrass, and monochoria. nine kava lactones were detected using gc-ms including desmethoxyyagonin, kavain, 7,8-dihydrokavain, hydroxykavain, yagonin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyyagonin, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and 11-hydroxy-12-methoxydihydrokavain. quantities o ... | 2006 | 16448174 |
| the production of yeast-growth stimulants by the molds: i. aspergillus niger, trichoderma lignorum, and aspergillus clavatus. | | 1931 | 16559501 |
| biotic relation between fusarium oxysporum schlecht. and fungi isolated from the substrate of stewartia pseudocamellia (max.). | the effect of the fungi community colonizing the substrate of stewartia plants on the growth of fusarium oxysporum schlecht. was investigated. the soil samples from 2 years old stewartia cuttings were taken for analysis in the second decade of october 2002 and 2003, when the symptoms of disease appeared on stewartia plant. fungi were isolated from the substrate using the sand method (mańka k. 1974). fusarium oxysporum were isolated from root system of stewartia pseudocamellia plant. the isolates ... | 2005 | 16637175 |
| carbon requirements of some nematophagous, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic hyphomycetes as fungal biocontrol agents. | thirty-three carbon sources were evaluated for their effects on spore germination, hyphal growth and sporulation of 11 fungal biocontrol agents, i.e. the nematophagous fungi paecilomyces lilacinus, pochonia chlamydosporia, hirsutella rhossiliensis, h. minnesotensis and arkansas fungus 18, the entomopathogenic fungi lecanicillium lecanii, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, and the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma viride. variations in carbon requirements were found among the fungal sp ... | 2006 | 16649079 |
| identification of enzymes that are effective for isolating protoplasts from grass leaves. | cellulase c(1), cellulase cx, and xylanase were isolated and purified from a cellulase preparation of trichoderma viride as enzymes effective in the isolation of protoplasts from oat leaves. pectin lyase which is specific for methyl-galacturonide linkages was also found to be a useful enzyme for the isolation of protoplasts from the tissues. this suggested that pectic polysaccharides with a high degree of esterification may play an important role in cell walls of gramineae. it was necessary to u ... | 1983 | 16663059 |