| fungal laccase-catalyzed degradation of hydroxy polychlorinated biphenyls. | hydroxy polychlorinated biphenyls (hydroxy pcbs) are toxic metabolites of pcbs. their toxicity such as strong endocrine disruption demands effective remediation methods. laccases from trametes versicolor and pleurotus ostreatus were tested to degrade hydroxy pcbs. optimum phs for both enzymes were around 4.0. laccase from t. versicolor degrades hydroxy pcbs more rapidly than that from p. ostreatus. the enzymatic activities remained little changes in up to 10% organic solvents, but decreased rapi ... | 2004 | 15109876 |
| laccase-catalyzed mediated oxidation of benzyl alcohol: the role of tempo and formation of products including benzonitrile studied by nanoelectrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. | substituted benzyl alcohol was oxidized enzymatically with a laccase-mediator system and the products were investigated as a function of time by nanoelectrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (nanoesi-fticrms). with trametes versicolor laccase (tvl), the mediator, 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxyl radical (tempo), undergoes oxidation and forms oxoammonium ion. oxidized tempo oxidizes the alcohol and is simultaneously reduced to the n-oh form. the lac ... | 2004 | 15468136 |
| decolorization and degradation of xanthene dyes by a white rot fungus, coriolus versicolor. | the decolorization of six xanthene dyes (conc. 100 microm) by a white rot fungus, coriolus versicolor (c. versicolor), was investigated in liquid culture. the decolorization of fluorescein, 4-aminofluorescein, and 5-aminofluorescein by the fungus was 85.0, 95.0, and 91.9% after 14 days incubation, respectively. however, no decolorization of rhodamine b, rhodamine 123 hydrate, and rhodamine 6g was observed. the first three dyes also were decolorized with cell-free extracts from c. versicolor. the ... | 2004 | 15478930 |
| enzymatic activity, osmotic stress and degradation of pesticide mixtures in soil extract liquid broth inoculated with phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor. | in this study we examined the extracellular enzymatic activity of two white rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor) in a soil extract broth in relation to differential degradation of a mixture of different concentrations (0-30 p.p.m.) of simazine, dieldrin and trifluralin under different osmotic stress (-0.7 and -2.8 mpa) and quantified enzyme production, relevant to p and n release (phosphomonoesterase, protease), carbon cycling (beta-glucosidase, cellulase) and laccase ... | 2005 | 15683395 |
| overproduction of recombinant laccase using a homologous expression system in coriolus versicolor. | one of the major extracellular enzymes of the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor is laccase, which is involved in the degradation of lignin. we constructed a homologous system for the expression of a gene for laccase iii (cvl3) in c. versicolor, using a chimeric laccase gene driven by the promoter of a gene for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) from this fungus. we transformed c. versicolor successfully by introducing both a gene for hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hph) and the c ... | 2004 | 15480638 |
| the effect of nitrogen supplementation on the efficiency of colour and cod removal by malaysian white-rot fungi in textile dyeing effluent. | white-rot fungi, namely coriolus versicolor and schizophyllum commune, were studied for the biodecolorization of textile dyeing effluent in shaker-flask experiments. the results showed that c. versicolor was able to achieve 68% color removal after 5 days of treatment while that of s. commune was 88% in 9 days. both fungi achieved the above results in non-sterile condition with diammonium hydrogen phosphate as the nutrient supplement. on the other hand, the best cod removal of 80% was obtained wi ... | 2004 | 15497832 |
| transgenic tobacco expressing fungal laccase promotes the detoxification of environmental pollutants. | the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants offers a low-cost method for removal of such pollutants. we have attempted to enhance the environmental decontamination functions of plants by introducing appropriate enzymatic activities from microorganisms. in the present study, we introduced an extracellular fungal enzyme, the laccase of coriolus versicolor, into tobacco plants. one transgenic plant, designated fl4, produced laccase that was secreted into the rhizosphere. fl4 ... | 2005 | 15549288 |
| an amperometric biosensor for polyphenolic compounds in red wine. | in the present work, a biosensor was developed with laccase coriolus versicolor as the biological reconnaissance element immobilized on derivatized polyethersulphone membranes and applied to a pt-ag, agcl us electrode base. its application to several polyphenols usually found in red wine (caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, rutin, trans-resveratrol, quercetin and malvidin) was tested. it was observed that an amperometric response was obtained for catechin at +100 mv (versus ag, agcl) and caffei ... | 2004 | 15556369 |
| a pcr method for the detection and differentiation of lentinus edodes and trametes versicolor in defined-mixed cultures used for wastewater treatment. | a pcr-based method for the quantitative detection of lentinus edodes and trametes versicolor, two ligninolytic fungi applied for wastewater treatment and bioremediation, was developed. genomic dna was used to optimize a pcr method targeting the conserved copper-binding sequence of laccase genes. the method allowed the quantitative detection and differentiation of these fungi in single and defined-mixed cultures after fractionation of the pcr products by electrophoresis in agarose gels. amplified ... | 2004 | 15586279 |
| colorimetric assays for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fungal laccases. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are highly toxic organic pollutants widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic environments. in the present work, 2 colorimetric assays for laccase-catalyzed degradation of pahs were developed based on studies of the oxidation of 12 aromatic hydrocarbons by fungal laccases from trametes versicolor and myceliophthora thermophila. using a sodium borohydride water-soluble solution, the authors could reduce the single product of laccase-catalyzed anthracene ... | 2002 | 14599353 |
| carbon and nitrogen sources influence the ligninolytic enzyme activity of trametes versicolor. | among carbon sources studied, cellobiose and mannitol provided the highest laccase (lac) activity (648 and 742 u1(-1), respectively) of trametes versicolor 775 while glucose gave maximum manganese peroxidase (mnp) and peroxidase activities (44 and 114 u1(-1), respectively). citrus fruit peel as growth substrate enhanced lac activity 7-fold when compared to the medium with cellobiose, whereas grape vine sawdust increased mnp and peroxidase activity up to 148 and 677 u1(-1), respectively. | 2005 | 16091892 |
| laboratory study of inocula production for composting processes. | six ligno-cellulolytic fungi were tested regarding to examine their capability to grow on agricultural wastes and produce inocula for composting. two residues were used: pepper plant wastes and almond shell residues. results showed the latter as the most adequate substrate for growth of fungi tested. on the contrary, trichoderma koningii, as well as hlc1 and hlc3, both fungi isolated from almond shell wastes, were able to persist in pepper plant wastes. modifications of aeration and ph significa ... | 2005 | 15607193 |
| fourier transform infrared microscopy and imaging: detection of fungi in wood. | ftir microscopy was used to detect and discriminate the two wood decaying fungi trametes versicolor and schizophyllum commune in experimentally infected beech wood blocks. the distribution of fungal mycelium in wood was locally resolved and semiquantitatively recorded using ftir microscopy combined with a focal plane array detector and image analysis. cluster analysis revealed major differences between ftir spectra recorded from wood fibers and empty vessel lumina and spectra from mycelium of bo ... | 2005 | 16098775 |
| the ability of white-rot fungi to degrade the endocrine-disrupting compound nonylphenol. | phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus, trametes versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol13 were tested for their ability to degrade the endocrine-disrupting compound nonylphenol at an initial concentration of 100 mg l-1. the highest removals were achieved with t. versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol13, which were able to degrade 97 mg l-1 and 99 mg l-1 of nonylphenol in 25 days of incubation, respectively. nonylphenol removal was associated with the production of laccase by t. versicolor, but ... | 2004 | 15735968 |
| transformation of 2-hydroxydibenzofuran by laccases of the white rot fungi trametes versicolor and pycnoporus cinnabarinus and characterization of oligomerization products. | laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, was secreted by each of the white rot fungi trametes versicolor and pycnoporus cinnabarinus during growth in a nitrogen-rich medium under agitated conditions. after addition of 2-hydroxydibenzofuran to cell-free supernatants of the cultures, yellow precipitates were formed. these precipitates were poorly soluble in water and therefore readily separated from the supernatant. the products formed were more hydrophobic than the substrate, as indicated by their longer ... | 1997 | 15765611 |
| degradation of lignin in pulp mill wastewaters by white-rot fungi on biofilm. | an investigation was conducted to explore the lignin-degrading capacity of attached-growth white-rot fungi. five white-rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus, lentinus edodes, trametes versicolor and s22, grown on a porous plastic media, were individually used to treat black liquor from a pulp and paper mill. over 71% of lignin and 48% of chemical oxygen demand (cod) were removed from the wastewater. several factors, including ph, concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and trace ... | 2005 | 15792583 |
| chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (cinnamomum osmophloeum). | the essential oils isolated from nine geographical provenances of indigenous cinnamon (cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh.) leaves were examined by gc-ms and their chemical constituents were compared. according to gc-ms and cluster analyses the leaf essential oils of the nine provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type and mixed type. in addition, the antifungal ... | 2006 | 16171686 |
| fungal inoculum properties and its effect on growth and enzyme activity of trametes versicolor in soil. | the effect of fungal inoculum properties on colonization of nonsterile soil by three isolates of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor was investigated. fungal inoculum properties were examined in separate experiments and were fungal inoculum composition, age of fungal inoculum, concentration of the inoculum and inoculation method. the fungal inoculum composition study compared pine versus poplar sawdust as the basic carrier with varying amounts of corn grit, corn meal and starch. the age of ... | 2005 | 15801774 |
| molecular cloning of the cdna encoding laccase from trametes versicolor and heterologous expression in pichia methanolica. | a cdna encoding for laccase was isolated from the ligninolytic fungus trametes versicolor by rna-pcr. the cdna corresponds to the gene lcc1, which encodes a laccase isoenzyme of 498 amino acid residues preceded by a 22-residue signal peptide. the lcc1 cdna was cloned into the vectors pmeta and pmetalphaa and expressed in pichia methanolica. the laccase activity obtained with the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal peptide was found to be twofold higher than that obtained with the native ... | 2005 | 15834713 |
| degradation of nitrocellulose by fungi. | three lignocellulolytic fungi, trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus, and coprinus cinereus, and two cellulolytic fungi trichoderma reesei and chaetomium elatum were tested for their ability to degrade nitrocellulose. they were provided with different carbon and nitrogen sources in liquid cultures. nitrocellulose (n content above 12%) was added as nitrogen source (in solution in acetone) alongside amino acids or as sole n source. either starch or carboxy-methyl cellulose were provided as carb ... | 2005 | 15865147 |
| the cell death process of the anticancer agent polysaccharide-peptide (psp) in human promyelocytic leukemic hl-60 cells. | the polysaccharide peptide (psp) isolated from the mycelia of chinese medicinal fungus coriolus versicolor has proven benefits in clinical trials in china but the mechanism of action has not been elucidated. in this study, hl-60 cell line was used to investigate the anti-proliferation and cell death process of psp. the cytotoxicity of psp on normal human t-lymphocytes was also evaluated. we show that psp induced apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 cells but not of normal human t-lymp ... | 2005 | 15870943 |
| decoloration of textile dyes by alginate-immobilized trametes versicolor. | alginate-immobilized trametes versicolor decolorized amaranth at similar rates in repeated batch culture when the dye was present in either (i) modified kirk's medium containing 0.22 gl(-1) ammonium tartrate, (ii) the same buffer, thiamine, trace elements and glucose concentrations as in the modified kirk's medium, or (iii) glucose alone at either 1, 5 or 10 gl(-1). with glucose alone (0.5 gl(-1)), amaranth, reactive black 5, reactive blue 19 and direct black 22 had first-order decoloration rate ... | 2005 | 15878190 |
| laccase from trametes versicolor: stability at temperature and alkaline conditions and its effect on biobleaching of hardwood kraft pulp. | the enzyme laccase was produced by the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor in repeated batches cultures with immobilized mycelium. two different culture conditions were used. enzymes produced were evaluated regarding their stability at high temperatures (55 degrees c and 65 degrees c) and at alkaline conditions (ph 7.0 and ph 8.0) having in view the application of these enzymes in biobleaching of hardwood kraft pulp. biobleaching experiments were divided in two parts, enzymatic prebleaching fol ... | 1999 | 15304692 |
| sequential batch culture studies for the decolorisation of reactive dye by coriolus versicolor. | the white rot fungus coriolus versicolor could decolorise reactive dye remazol brilliant violet to almost 90%. the fungal mycelia removed color as well as cod up to 95% and 75%, respectively, in a batch reactor. decolorising activity was observed during the repeated reuse of the fungus. it was possible to substantially increase the dye decolorising activity of the fungus by carefully selecting the operational conditions such as media composition, age of fungus and nitrogen source. the fungal pel ... | 2006 | 15882943 |
| kinetic model of laccase-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous phenol. | laccase from trametes versicolor (ec 1.10.3.2) catalyzes the oxidation of aqueous phenol by oxygen and has demonstrated good potential for applications in various industrial and environmental processes. a kinetic model of this system has been developed to facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms and rate-limiting steps of enzyme-catalyzed transformation and to eventually assist in the choice and design of suitable reactor systems. a kinetic model was derived based on the differential ... | 2005 | 15889399 |
| formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of combining dna repair and immune enhancing nutritional supplements. | combining nutritional supplements to achieve synergistic benefit is a common practice in the nutraceutical industry. however, establishing added health benefit from a combination of natural ingredients is often assumed, untested and without regard to the principle of metabolic competition between the active components. here, we report on the combination of a cat's claw water extract (c-med-100, carboxy alkyl esters = active ingredients) + medicinal mushroom extracts (cordyceps sinensis, grifola ... | 2005 | 15898702 |
| requirement for a growth substrate during lignin decomposition by two wood-rotting fungi. | decomposition of c-labeled lignin to co(2) by the lignin-decomposing fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium and coriolus versicolor required a growth substrate such as cellulose or glucose. growth with lignin as sole carbon addition to an otherwise complete medium was negligible. | 1976 | 16345166 |
| comparative studies of extracellular fungal laccases. | various basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes, grown in a sugar-rich liquid medium, were compared for laccase-producing ability and for the inducing effect of 2,5-xylidine on laccase production. clear stimulation of the extracellular enzyme formation by xylidine was obtained in the cultures of fomes annosus, pholiota mutabilis, pleurotus ostreatus, and trametes versicolor, whereas rhizoctonia praticola and botrytis cinerea were not affected by the xylidine, and in the case of podospora ... | 1984 | 16346649 |
| differential anti-tumor activity of coriolus versicolor (yunzhi) extract through p53- and/or bcl-2-dependent apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer cells. | coriolus versicolor (cv), also called yunzhi, has been demonstrated to exert anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor activity of a standardized aqueous ethanol extract prepared from cv on four breast cancer cell lines using mtt assay, and test whether the mechanism involves apoptosis induction and modulation of p53 and bcl-2 protein expressions using cell death det ... | 2005 | 15908782 |
| nonisothermal bioreactors in the treatment of vegetation waters from olive oil: laccase versus syringic acid as bioremediation model. | laccase from trametes versicolor was immobilized by diazotization on a nylon membrane grafted with glycidil methacrylate, using phenylenediamine as spacer and coupling agent. the behavior of these enzyme derivatives was studied under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions by using syringic acid as substrate, in view of the employment of these membranes in processes of detoxification of vegetation waters from olive oil mills. the ph and temperature dependence of catalytic activity under isotherm ... | 2005 | 15932260 |
| induction of s phase cell arrest and caspase activation by polysaccharide peptide isolated from coriolus versicolor enhanced the cell cycle dependent activity and apoptotic cell death of doxorubicin and etoposide, but not cytarabine in hl-60 cells. | activation of the cell death program (apoptosis) is a strategy for the treatment of human cancer, and unfortunately a large number of drugs identified as cell cycle-specific agents for killing cancer cells are also toxic to normal cells. the present study demonstrates that the polysaccharide peptide (psp) extracted from the chinese medicinal mushroom, coriolus versicolor, used in combination therapy in china, has the ability to lower the cytotoxicity of certain anti-leukemic drugs via their inte ... | 2005 | 15944782 |
| cloning of trametes versicolor genes induced by nitrogen starvation. | we have screened a genomic library of trametes versicolor for genes whose expression is associated with nitrogen starvation, which has been shown to induce ligninolytic activity. using two different approaches based on differential expression, we isolated 29 clones. these were shown by restriction mapping and cross-hybridization to code for 11 distinct differentially expressed genes. northern analysis of the kinetics of expression of these genes revealed that at least four of them have kinetics ... | 1988 | 16347665 |
| biosensor for the determination of phenols based on cross-linked enzyme crystals (clec) of laccase. | cross-linked enzyme crystals (clecs) are a versatile form of biocatalyst that can also be used for biosensor application. laccase from trametes versicolor (e.c.1.10.3.2) was crystallized, cross-linked and lyophilized with beta-cyclodextrin. the clec laccase was found to be highly active towards phenols like 2-amino phenol, guaiacol, catechol, pyrogallol, catechin and abts (non-phenolic). the clec laccase was embedded in 30% polyvinylpropylidone (pvp) gel and mounted into an electrode to make the ... | 2005 | 15967371 |
| fungal degradation of calcium-, lead- and silicon-bearing minerals. | the aim of this study was to examine nutritional influence on the ability of selected filamentous fungi to mediate biogenic weathering of the minerals, apatite, galena and obsidian in order to provide further understanding of the roles of fungi as biogeochemical agents, particularly in relation to the cycling of metals and associated elements found in minerals. the impact of three organic acid producing fungi (aspergillus niger, serpula himantioides and trametes versicolor) on apatite, galena an ... | 2005 | 15984571 |
| inhibition of laccase activity from trametes versicolor by heavy metals and organic compounds. | due to the numerous biotechnological applications of laccase enzyme, it is essential to know the influence of different agents usually present in the natural environment on its enzymatic action, especially for in situ treatment technologies. in the present work, a simple and rapid method to determine the inhibitory or inducer effect of different compounds on laccase activity was developed. the compounds tested were copper-chelating agents and heavy metals. it was found that using syringaldazine ... | 2005 | 15993161 |
| inhibition and stimulation effects in communities of wood decay fungi: exudates from colonized wood influence growth by other species. | the effects of exudates from uncolonized and from partly decayed beech wood on the extension rates of 16 later stage decay fungi were investigated. the partly decayed wood had been colonized by the pyrenomycete eutypa spinosa, or the basidiomycetes fomes fomentarius, stereum hirsutum, and trametes versicolor, all known as common early decay agents in european beech forests. sterilized wood pieces were placed onto 0.5% malt agar, opposite to small agar plugs containing the test fungi. the latter ... | 2005 | 16003479 |
| molecular characterization of coriolus versicolor psp-induced apoptosis in human promyelotic leukemic hl-60 cells using cdna microarray. | proteins and peptide bound polysaccharides (psp) extracted from basidiomycetous fungi are widely used in cancer immunotherapy and recently demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro. in order to provide the molecular pharmacological mechanisms of psp on human cancer cells, we investigated the gene expression profiles of psp-treated apoptotic human promyelotic leukemic hl-60 cells using resgen 40k image printed cdna microarray. in total 378 and 111 transcripts were identified as di ... | 2005 | 16010435 |
| production and degradation of oxalic acid by brown rot fungi. | our results show that all of the brown rot fungi tested produce oxalic acid in liquid as well as in semisolid cultures. gloeophyllum trabeum, which accumulates the lowest amount of oxalic acid during decay of pine holocellulose, showed the highest polysaccharide-depolymerizing activity. semisolid cultures inoculated with this fungus rapidly converted c-labeled oxalic acid to co(2) during cellulose depolymerization. the other brown rot fungi also oxidized c-labeled oxalic acid, although less rapi ... | 1991 | 16348522 |
| molecular characterisation of a versatile peroxidase from a bjerkandera strain. | the cloning and sequencing of the rbpa gene coding for a versatile peroxidase from a novel bjerkandera strain is hereby reported. the 1777 bp isolated fragment contained a 1698 bp peroxidase-encoding gene, interrupted by 11 introns. the 367 amino acid-deduced sequence includes a 27 amino acid-signal peptide. the molecular model, built via homology modelling with crystal structures of four fungal peroxidases, highlighted the amino acid residues putatively involved in manganese binding and aromati ... | 2005 | 16026883 |
| immunomodulatory activities of yunzhi and danshen in post-treatment breast cancer patients. | breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. discomfort and fatigue are usually arisen from anticancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or combination therapy, because of the suppressed immunological functions. yunzhi (coriolus versicolor) can modulate various immunological functions in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical trials. danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza) has been shown to benefit the circulatory system by its vasodilating and anti-de ... | 2005 | 16047556 |
| inhibition of the proteasome strongly affects cadmium stimulated laccase activity in trametes versicolor. | most proteins in eukaryotic cells are degraded by a highly selective non-lysosomal pathway that requires atp and a large multicatalytic proteinase complex known as the 26s proteasome. in the present study, we evaluated the possibility that the proteasome-mediated pathway is involved in the regulation of laccase production by the efficient lignin-degrading basidiomycete trametes versicolor in response to cadmium. these studies were performed using mg132 and lactacystin beta-lactone as specific pr ... | 2005 | 16054528 |
| estimation of bound and free fractions of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes of wood-rotting fungi pleurotus ostreatus, trametes versicolor and piptoporus betulinus. | liquid cultures with cellulose and solid state fermentation cultures on wheat straw of the white-rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus and trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus piptoporus betulinus were assayed for the free and solid fraction-bound activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. the majority of the ligninolytic enzymes laccase and mn peroxidase was detected in the free fraction of p. ostreatus and t. versicolor. the endocleaving enzymes endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, endo-1,4-beta-mannan ... | 2006 | 16125911 |
| effects of different fungal elicitors on growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. | six fungal elicitors prepared from rhodotorula rubra, rhodotorula glutinis, panus conchatus, coriolus versicolor, mucor mucedo, mortieralla alpina m-23 were examined to determine their effects on the growth, total carotenoids and astaxanthin formation by xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. the results showed that different fungal elicitor could cause diversely stimulating effects. among the fungal elicitors tested, the m. mucedo elicitor concentration of 30 mg l(-1) promoted the biomass and total car ... | 2006 | 16154499 |
| nutrient movement and mycelial reorganization in established systems of phanerochaete velutina, following arrival of colonized wood resources. | the effect of arrival of wood resources, pre-colonized by coriolus versicolor, phlebia radiata, stereum hirsutum, and vuilleminia comedens, on mycelial systems of phanerochaete velutina was studied in trays of nonsterile soil in the laboratory over 5 months. morphological responses were quantified non-destructively using image analysis. in a parallel series of experiments, nutrient movement was also quantified non-destructively using (32)p monitoring with a scintillation probe and subsequently b ... | 2005 | 16211328 |
| reduction thermodynamics of the t1 cu site in plant and fungal laccases. | the thermodynamic parameters for reduction of the type-1 (t1) copper site in rhus vernicifera and trametes versicolor laccases and for the derivative of the former protein from which the type-2 copper has been selectively removed (t2d) have been determined with uv-vis spectroelectrochemistry. in all cases, the enthalpic term turns out to be the main determinant of the eo' of the t1 site. also the difference between the reduction potentials of the two laccases is enthalpy-based and reflects diffe ... | 2005 | 16231129 |
| effect of residual lignin type and amount on bleaching of kraft pulp by trametes versicolor. | the white rot fungus trametes (coriolus) versicolor can delignify and brighten unbleached hardwood kraft pulp within a few days, but softwood kraft pulps require longer treatment. to determine the contributions of higher residual lignin contents (kappa numbers) and structural differences in lignins to the recalcitrance of softwood kraft pulps to biobleaching, we tested softwood and hardwood pulps cooked to the same kappa numbers, 26 and 12. a low-lignin-content (overcooked) softwood pulp resiste ... | 1994 | 16349246 |
| decolorization of bleach plant effluent by mucoralean and white-rot fungi in a rotating biological contactor reactor. | bleach plant effluents from the pulp and paper industry generated during bleaching with chlorine-containing chemicals are highly colored and also partly toxic due to the presence of chloro-organics, hence the need for pretreatment prior to discharge. in a rotating biological contactor (rbc) reactor effluent decolorization was studied using coriolus versicolor, a white-rot fungus and rhizomucor pusillus strain rm7, a mucoralean fungus. decolorization by both fungi was directly proportional to ini ... | 2001 | 16233095 |
| [trypsin-like proteinases and trypsin inhibitors in fruiting bodies of higher fungi]. | the activity of trypsin-like proteinases and trypsin inhibitors was measured in fruiting bodies of various species of basidial fungi (basidiomycetes). fruiting bodies of all fungi contained these enzymes, with the exceptions of polypore (coriolus versicolor (fr.) karst) and hedgehog fungus (hericium erinaceus (fr.) quel), belonging to the families polyporaceae and hericiaceae, respectively, in which the enzyme activities were barely detectable. the activity of trypsin-like proteinases was the hi ... | 2005 | 16358748 |
| optimization of the expression of a laccase gene from trametes versicolor in pichia methanolica. | a cdna encoding for laccase (lcc1) was isolated from the ligninolytic fungus trametes versicolor by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. the lcc1 gene was subcloned into the pichia methanolica expression vector pmetalphaa and transformed into the p. methanolica strains pmad11 and pmad16. the extracellular laccase activity of the pmad11 recombinants was found to be 1.3-fold higher than that of the pmad16 recombinants. the identity of the recombinant protein was further confirmed by im ... | 2006 | 16292528 |
| laccase induction in fungi and laccase/n-oh mediator systems applied in paper mill effluent. | there has been increasing interest in extracellular enzymes from white rot fungi, such as lignin and manganese peroxidases, and laccases, due to their potential to degrade both highly toxic phenolic compounds and lignin. the optimum cultivation conditions for laccase production in semi-solid and liquid medium by trametes versicolor, trametes villosa, lentinula edodes and botrytis cinerea and the effects of laccase mediator system in e1 effluent were studied. the higher laccase activity (12756 u) ... | 2007 | 16376074 |
| effect of heavy metals on the production of several laccase isoenzymes by trametes versicolor and on their ability to decolourise dyes. | the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor growing in submerged culture on a basal medium, with barley bran as a carbon source, produced two laccase isoenzymes laci and lacii. the addition of metal ions to the culture medium was performed to improve the total laccase activity and to determine the effect on the production of laccase isoenzymes. from all the tested metals, only cu2+ increased laccase activity (up to 12-fold with respect to control cultures) and t. versicolor in presence of all metal ... | 2006 | 16293281 |
| effects of polysaccharide peptide (psp) from coriolus versicolor on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in the rat and cytotoxicity in hepg2 cells. | polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, has been shown to restore the immunological effects against cyclophosphamide-induced immuno-suppression, although the mechanism(s) involved remain uncertain. this study investigated the psp-cyclophosphamide interaction by studying the effects of psp on the pharmacokinetic of cyclophosphamide in the rat and the effect of psp on the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide on a cancer cell line (hepg2 cells). in the pharmacokineti ... | 2006 | 16297519 |
| determination of laccase gene expression during degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its catabolic intermediates in trametes versicolor. | we have cloned a laccase gene fragment isolated from a trametes versicolor strain in korea. it showed high similarity in nucleotide sequences when compared with other fungal laccases. tnt (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), a widely used explosive, was transformed rapidly by t. versicolor. when tnt and its catabolic intermediates were added to the fungal culture, they were transformed during the first few hours and the expression level of the laccase gene was increased during the early stage of cultivation ... | 2006 | 16427260 |
| polysaccharide peptides from cov-1 strain of coriolus versicolor induce hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediator release in the mouse. | polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, has been widely used as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy and as an immuno-stimulator in china. in this study, the anti-nociceptive effects of psp were investigated in two different pain models in the mouse. in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, initial studies showed that psp decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhing by 92.9%, which, by definition, would constitute an analgesic effect. however, further studie ... | 2006 | 16310221 |
| [purification and properties of manganese peroxidase from trametes versicolor]. | two manganese peroxidase (mnp) active fractions d1 and d2 were got from the extracellular culture of trametes versicolor by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose de52 chromatography. mnp1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the d2 by phenyl sepharose 6 fast flow chromatography and mnp2 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the d1 by sephacryl s-200hr chromatography and phenyl sepharose 6 fast flow chromatography. the specific activities of two mnp isozymes ... | 2005 | 16342761 |
| influence of agitation on the removal of nonylphenol by the white-rot fungi trametes versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol 13. | bjerkandera sp. bol 13 removed 95% of nonylphenol (at 9.7 mg nonylphenol l(-1) day(-1)) from aqueous medium after 5 days of incubation in agitated cultures. this removal rate decreased 2.5-fold in static cultures. by comparison, trametes versicolor removed nonylphenol at 2.8 mg l(-1) day(-1) under conditions of static incubation, probably due to the action of laccase, but no growth was recorded in the agitated bottles. | 2006 | 16489489 |
| transformation of halogen-, alkyl-, and alkoxy-substituted anilines by a laccase of trametes versicolor. | the laccase of the fungus trametes versicolor was able to polymerize various halogen-, alkyl-, and alkoxy-substituted anilines, showing substrate specificity similar to that of horseradish peroxidase, whereas the laccase of rhizoctonia praticola was active only with p-methoxyaniline. the substrate specificities of the enzymes were determined by using gas chromatography to measure the decrease in substrate concentration during incubation. with p-chloroaniline as the substrate, the peroxidase and ... | 1985 | 16346778 |
| fungal bio-treatment of spruce wood with trametes versicolor for pitch control: influence on extractive contents, pulping process parameters, paper quality and effluent toxicity. | lipophilic low molar-mass constituents in wood chips for the paper industry result in low quality pulp, pitch deposition, and effluent toxicity. new biotechnological solutions such as fungal pre-treatment of wood chips can reduce pitch problems. this laboratory-scale study focuses on the potential and limitations of a fungal bio-treatment of norway spruce chips with the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. different fungal treatment conditions were compared. a 4-week fungal treatment reduced th ... | 2007 | 16517156 |
| arylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester as an aromatic ring cleavage product of nonphenolic beta-o-4 lignin substructure model compounds degraded by coriolus versicolor. | 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester (compound iv) was identified as a degradation product of both 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-syringaldehyde ether (compound i) and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl ether (compound ii) by a ligninolytic culture of coriolus versicolor. an isotopic experiment with a c-labeled compound (compound ii') indicated that the formyl group of compound iv was derived from the beta-phenoxyl group of beta-o-4 dimer as an aromat ... | 1985 | 16346950 |
| detection of lignin peroxidase and xylanase by immunocytochemical labeling in wood decayed by basidiomycetes. | the white rot fungi used in this study caused two different forms of degradation. phanerochaete chrysosporium, strain bkm-f-1767, and phellinus pini caused a preferential removal of lignin from birch wood, whereas trametes (coriolus) versicolor caused a nonselective attack of all cell wall components. use of polyclonal antisera to h8 lignin peroxidase and monoclonal antisera to h2 lignin peroxidase followed by immunogold labeling with protein a-gold or protein g-gold, respectively, showed lignin ... | 1989 | 16347939 |
| colloidal gold cytochemistry of endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase, and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase: ultrastructure of sound and decayed birch wood. | colloidal gold coupled to endo-1,4-beta-glucanase ii (eg ii) and 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase i (cbh i), isolated from trichoderma reesei (qm9414), and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from aureobasium pullulans (nrrly-2311-1) was used successfully to determine the ultrastructural localization of cellulose and xylan in sound birch wood. in addition, these enzyme-gold complexes demonstrated the distribution of cellulose and xylan after decay by three white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium, phe ... | 1989 | 16348009 |
| isolation and identification of the coal-solubilizing agent produced by trametes versicolor. | low-ranked coals were dissolved by using cell extracts derived from liquid cultures of trametes versicolor. the coal-solubilizing agent (csa) was separated from the broth components by a multistep isolation procedure including reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, ethanol fractionation, and recrystallization. staircase voltammetry was used to show that two csa moieties can coordinate to aqueous copper(ii) ion. a molecular weight determination (using am ... | 1990 | 16348335 |
| lignin peroxidase activity is not important in biological bleaching and delignification of unbleached kraft pulp by trametes versicolor. | the discovery in 1983 of fungal lignin peroxidases able to catalyze the oxidation of nonphenolic aromatic lignin model compounds and release some co(2) from lignin has been seen as a major advance in understanding how fungi degrade lignin. recently, the fungus trametes versicolor was shown to be capable of substantial decolorization and delignification of unbleached industrial kraft pulps over 2 to 5 days. the role, if any, of lignin peroxidase in this biobleaching was therefore examined. severa ... | 1992 | 16348775 |
| reactivities of various mediators and laccases with kraft pulp and lignin model compounds. | laccase-catalyzed oxygen delignification of kraft pulp offers some potential as a replacement for conventional chemical bleaching and has the advantage of requiring much lower pressure and temperature. however, chemical mediators are required for effective delignification by laccase, and their price is currently too high at the dosages required. to date, most studies have employed laccase from trametes versicolor. we have found significant differences in reactivity between laccases from differen ... | 1997 | 16535747 |
| lack of prevention of large intestinal cancer by vps, an extract of coriolus versicolor mushroom. | cancer prevention studies were conducted with vps, a hot water extract of the coriolus versicolor (cv) mushroom, in female swiss mice. the extract was administered in the diet for life to the animals. three groups of mice received the following treatments: a). 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (1,2-dmh) was administered as 10 weekly subcutaneous injections of 20 microg/g body weight, starting at 9 weeks of age; b). vps was given at a 2% dose level starting at 7 weeks of age followed by 1,2-d ... | 2005 | 16097440 |
| impact of reaction conditions on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol a. | the oxidative conversion of aqueous bpa catalyzed by laccase from trametes versicolor was conducted in a closed, temperature-controlled system containing buffer for ph control. the effects of medium ph, buffer concentration, temperature and mediators and the impacts of dissolved wastewater constituents on bpa conversion were investigated. the optimal ph for bpa conversion was approximately 5, with greater than half maximal conversion and good enzyme stability in the range of 4-7. the stability o ... | 2006 | 16122923 |
| xylosylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups of the monomeric lignin model compounds 4-methylguaiacol and vanillyl alcohol by coriolus versicolor. | when 4-methylguaiacol (meg), a phenolic lignin model compound, was added to a culture that was inoculated with coriolus versicolor, it was bioconverted into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl beta-d-xyloside (meg-xyl). the phenolic hydroxyl group of vanillyl alcohol was much more extensively xylosylated than the alcoholic hydroxyl group. when a mixture of meg and commercial udp-xylose was incubated with cell extracts of mycelia, transformation of udp-xylose into meg-xyl was observed. this result suggested ... | 1993 | 16348869 |
| effects of kraft pulp and lignin on trametes versicolor carbon metabolism. | the white rot basidiomycete trametes (coriolus) versicolor can substantially increase the brightness and decrease the lignin content of washed, unbleached hardwood kraft pulp (hwkp). monokaryotic strain 52j was used to study how hwkp and the lignin in hwkp affect the carbon metabolism and secretions of t. versicolor. earlier work indicated that a biobleaching culture supernatant contained all components necessary for hwkp biobleaching and delignification, but the supernatant needed frequent cont ... | 1993 | 16348963 |
| effect of bioaugmentation of activated sludge with white-rot fungi on olive mill wastewater detoxification. | to test the potential use of phanerochaete chrysosporium and other white-rot fungi to detoxify olive mill wastewaters (omw) in the presence of a complex activated sludge. to combine the aerobic with anaerobic treatment to optimize the conversion of omw in biogas. | 2006 | 16599996 |
| in vitro bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp by extracellular enzymes excreted from white rot fungi in a cultivation system using a membrane filter. | to clarify the role of excreted extracellular enzymes during long-term incubation in a pulp biobleaching system with white rot fungi, we developed a cultivation system in which a membrane filter is used; this membrane filter can prevent direct contact between hyphae and kraft pulp, but allows extracellular enzymes to attack the kraft pulp. phanerochaete sordida yk-624 brightened the pulp 21.4 points to 54.0% brightness after a 5-day in vitro treatment; this value was significantly higher than th ... | 1994 | 16349219 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans. | five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ... | 2006 | 16610214 |
| study of the cellular retention time and the partial biomass renovation in a fungal decolourisation continuous process. | the long-term continuous decolourisation treatment of the textile dye grey lanaset g (150 mg/l) was carried out in an air-pulsed bed bioreactor with retained pellets of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. maximum cellular retention time (crt) was established at 40 days. during this time period, colour reduction remained at 90% and laccase activity was over 400 au/l. higher crts involved operational problems related to biomass conglomerates formed at the top of the bioreactor, which made in ... | 2006 | 16616292 |
| pyranose oxidase, a major source of h(2)o(2) during wood degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor, and oudemansiella mucida. | the production of the h(2)o(2)-generating enzyme pyranose oxidase (pod) (ec 1.1.3.10) (synonym, glucose 2-oxidase), two ligninolytic peroxidases, and laccase in wood decayed by three white rot fungi was investigated by correlated biochemical, immunological, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. enzyme activities were assayed in extracts from decayed birch wood blocks obtained by a novel extraction procedure. with the coupled peroxidase-chromogen (3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid plus 3-me ... | 1994 | 16349330 |
| shifting the optimal ph of activity for a laccase from the fungus trametes versicolor by structure-based mutagenesis. | laccases are oxidizing enzymes of interest because of their potential environmental and industrial applications. we performed site-directed mutagenesis of a laccase produced by trametes versicolor in order to improve its catalytic properties. considering a strong interaction of the asp residue in position 206 with the substrate xylidine, we replaced it with glu, ala or asn, expressed the mutant enzymes in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica and assayed the transformation of phenolic and non-phenolic s ... | 2006 | 16368720 |
| purification and characterization of laccase from the white rot fungus trametes versicolor. | laccase is one of the ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungus trametes versicolor 951022, a strain first isolated in korea. this laccase was purified 209-fold from culture fluid with a yield of 6.2% using ethanol precipitation, deae-sepharose, phenyl-sepharose, and sephadex g-100 chromatography. t. versicolor 951022 excretes a single monomeric laccase showing a high specific activity of 91,443 u/mg for 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) as a substrate. the enzyme has ... | 2005 | 16410773 |
| cloning of a manganese peroxidase cdna gene repressed by manganese in trametes versicolor. | white-rot fungi have the following enzyme systems for lignin degradation: laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. there are other types of peroxidases related to lignin degradation, one of which we have cloned a cdna gene of manganese-repressed peroxidase (mrp) in trametes versicolor isolated in south korea. the mrp transcript level has been decreased by 1 micrometer of mn(2+). | 2005 | 16410775 |
| the production of extracellular mucilaginous material (ecmm) in two wood-rotting basidiomycetes is affected by growth conditions. | the ability of two wood-decay basidiomycetes to produce extracellular mucilaginous material (ecmm) and its relationship with total biomass production has been investigated. growth and ecmm production by the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor and the brown-rot fungus gloeophyllum trabeum were assessed in liquid culture under different nutritional and environmental conditions. nutritional, ph and temperature factors all influenced significantly the proportion of ecmm in the total biomass produce ... | 2005 | 16722210 |
| effects of vps extract of coriolus versicolor on cancer of the large intestine using a serial sacrifice technique. | vps, a hot water extract of the coriolus versicolor mushroom, was given at a 2% dose level in the diet of female swiss webster cfw outbred mice in a serial sacrifice experiment. the mice were also administered either 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (1,2-dmh) as ten weekly subcutaneous (s.c) injections of 20 microg/g body weight or physiological saline (ps) as ten weekly (s.c) injections of 0.01 ml/g body weight. the animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks or 35 weeks after the first injection ... | 2006 | 16724667 |
| evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of coriolus versicolor and funalia trogii extracts on mammalian cells. | this study examined the in vitro cytotoxic activities of standardized aqueous bioactive extracts prepared from coriolus versicolor and funalia trogiiatcc 200800 on hela and fibroblast cell lines using a mtt (3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-]-2-5-difeniltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. f. trogii and c. versicolor extracts were cytotoxic to both cell lines. at 10 microl treatment level, f. trogii and c. versicolor extracts inhibited proliferation of hela cancer cells by 71.5% and 45%, respectively, ... | 2006 | 16455591 |
| synthetic dye decolorization by white rot fungus, ganoderma sp. wr-1. | decolorization of recalcitrant dyes by an indigenous strain of white rot fungus isolated from bark of dead tree, wr-1 identified as ganoderma sp. was investigated. the fermentation medium was optimized using a combination of one factor at a time and orthogonal array method. maximum decolorization (96%) of 100 ppm amaranth was achieved in 8 h with optimized medium containing 2% starch and 0.125% yeast extract. rate of dye decolorization by the indigenous isolate ganoderma sp. wr-1 was very high c ... | 2007 | 16730976 |
| evaluation of antifungal properties of octyl gallate and its synergy with cinnamaldehyde. | the objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using octyl gallate alone or with organic biocides as a preservative against wood decay fungi. antifungal activities of three antioxidants, propyl gallate, octyl gallate and butylated hydroxyltoluene (bht) were tested against four wood decay fungi, lenzites betulina, trametes versicolor, gloeophyllum trabeum and laetiporus sulphureus. octyl gallate was found to be the only active compound with ic50 values of 0.47, 0.16, 0.24 and 0 ... | 2007 | 16750625 |
| necrotrophic mycoparasitism of botrytis cinerea by cellulolytic and ligninocellulolytic basidiomycetes. | twenty-six isolates representing 17 species of aphyllophoraceous, wood-decaying basidiomycetes and five species of agaricoid, turf-borne, thatch-decaying basidiomycetes were screened for their abilities to degrade cellulose, lignin, and melanin by using colorimetric degradation assays on agar media. selected ligninocellulolytic basidiomycetes capable of degrading melanin were screened for antagonism of botrytis cinerea per.:fr. the greatest inhibition of botrytis colony and hyphal growth in vitr ... | 2006 | 16788718 |
| evaluation of pretreatment with pleurotus ostreatus for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. | the effects of biological pretreatment of rice straw using four white-rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor, ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and pleurotus ostreatus) were evaluated on the basis of quantitative and structural changes in the components of the pretreated rice straw as well as susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. of these white-rot fungi, p. ostreatus selectively degraded the lignin fraction of rice straw rather than the holocellulose component. when rice straw ... | 2005 | 16473773 |
| trametes versicolor: a possible tool for aflatoxin control. | the genotoxic, mutagenic and cancerogenic aflatoxins produced by aspergillus parasiticus are not yet efficiently controlled besides the increasing researches on this topic. aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus is related to oxidative stress and some antioxidants can inhibit their production. some basidiomycetes as trametes versicolor used as "healing mushrooms" present beta-glucans and glycoproteins which are responsible for the stimulation of the host immune response. in this work t. versicol ... | 2006 | 16337299 |
| evaluation of synthetic dye decolorization capacity in ischnoderma resinosum. | the little studied white rot fungus ischnoderma resinosum was tested for its ability to decolorize seven different synthetic dyes. the strain efficiently decolorized orange g, amaranth, remazol brilliant blue r, cu-phthalocyanin and poly r-478 on agar plates and in liquid culture at a relatively high concentration of 2-4 and 0.5-1 g l(-1), respectively. malachite green and crystal violet were decolorized to a lower extent up to the concentration of 0.1 g l(-1). decolorization capacity of i. resi ... | 2006 | 16491363 |
| production and characterization of trametes versicolor mutants unable to bleach hardwood kraft pulp. | protoplasts of the monokaryotic strain 52j of trametes versicolor were treated with uv light and screened for the inability to produce a colored precipitate on guaiacol-containing agar plates. mutants unable to oxidize guaiacol had absent or very low secretion of laccase and manganese peroxidase (mnp) proteins. all isolates unable to secrete mnp were also unable to bleach or delignify kraft pulp. one mutant strain, m49, which grew normally but did not oxidize guaiacol, was tested further with a ... | 1995 | 16535150 |
| solubilization of leonardite by an extracellular fraction from coriolus versicolor. | coriolus versicolor has previously been shown to degrade leonardite, an oxidized form of lignite. an extracellular fraction containing protein purified from a c. versicolor culture solubilized leonardite in vitro. expression of the activity did not require the presence of leonardite and appeared during idiophase. during ion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography, leonardite-biosolubilizing activity eluted with syringaldazine oxidase activity and with protein, as measured by a(280) and ... | 1987 | 16347501 |
| relationship between fungal biomass production and the brightening of hardwood kraft pulp by coriolus versicolor. | the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor increased the brightness of hardwood kraft pulp by two mechanisms depending on the concentration of available nitrogen. in low-nitrogen conditions, the brightening process was a chemical effect mediated by the fungus, associated with the removal of residual lignin in the pulp; kappa number was used as an indicator of lignin concentration. a five-day treatment in low-nitrogen conditions increased the brightness of hardwood kraft pulp from 36.2 to 54.5%, wi ... | 1989 | 16347907 |
| chloromethane, methyl donor in veratryl alcohol biosynthesis in phanerochaete chrysosporium and other lignin-degrading fungi. | chloromethane, a gaseous natural product implicated in methylation processes in phellinus pomaceus, has been shown to act as methyl donor in veratryl alcohol biosynthesis in the lignin-degrading fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium, phlebia radiata, and coriolus versicolor, none of which released detectable amounts of ch(3)cl during growth. when p. chrysosporium was grown in a medium containing ch(3)cl, levels of ch(3) incorporation into the 3- and 4-o-methyl groups of veratryl alcohol were very hi ... | 1990 | 16348350 |
| toxicity of pentachlorophenol to six species of white rot fungi as a function of chemical dose. | the growth of six species of white rot fungi was a function of pentachlorophenol (pcp) dose, expressed as mass of pcp per mass of mycelia, at pcp doses </=35 mug mg of mycelium, and not concentration. at higher doses, inonotus dryophilus, perenniporia medulla-panis, and ganoderma oregonense removed less pcp than three other species of white rot fungi. phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions was inactivated at pcp doses that under nitrogen-sufficient conditions resul ... | 1992 | 16348831 |
| manganese peroxidase, produced by trametes versicolor during pulp bleaching, demethylates and delignifies kraft pulp. | previous work has shown that trametes (coriolus) versicolor bleaches kraft pulp brownstock with the concomitant release of methanol. in this work, the fungus is shown to produce both laccase and manganese peroxidase (mnp) but not lignin peroxidase during pulp bleaching. mnp production was enhanced by the presence of pulp and/or mn(ii) ions. the maximum level of secreted mnp was coincident with the maximum rate of fungal bleaching. culture filtrates isolated from bleaching cultures produced mn(ii ... | 1993 | 16348850 |
| kraft pulp bleaching and delignification by dikaryons and monokaryons of trametes versicolor. | the ability of 10 dikaryotic and 20 monokaryotic strains of trametes (coriolus) versicolor to bleach and delignify hardwood and softwood kraft pulps was assessed. a dikaryon (52p) and two of its mating-compatible monokaryons (52j and 52d) derived via protoplasting were compared. all three regularly bleached hardwood kraft pulp more than 20 brightness points (international standards organization) in 5 days and softwood kraft pulp the same amount in 12 days. delignification (kappa number reduction ... | 1993 | 16348851 |
| development of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils. | this report describes novel fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with hazardous organic compounds. the inocula are in the form of pelleted solid substrates coated with a sodium alginate suspension of fungal spores or mycelial fragments and incubated until overgrown with the mycelium of selected lignin-degrading fungi. the organisms evaluated were phanerochaete chrysosporium (bkm f-1767, atcc 42725), p. sordida (hhb-8922-sp), irpex lacteus (mad-517, atcc 11245), bjerkandera ad ... | 1996 | 16535337 |
| purification and characterization of cellobiose dehydrogenases from the white rot fungus trametes versicolor. | the white rot fungus trametes versicolor degrades lignocellulosic material at least in part by oxidizing the lignin via a number of secreted oxidative and peroxidative enzymes. an extracellular reductive enzyme, cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), oxidizes cellobiose and reduces insoluble mn(iv)o(inf2), commonly found as dark deposits in decaying wood, to form mn(iii), a powerful lignin-oxidizing agent. cdh also reduces ortho-quinones and produces sugar acids which can promote manganese peroxidase a ... | 1996 | 16535462 |
| oxidation of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene by laccases from trametes versicolor. | the in vitro oxidation of the two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, which have ionization potentials of <=7.45 ev, is catalyzed by laccases from trametes versicolor. crude laccase preparations were able to oxidize both anthracene and the potent carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene was enhanced by the addition of the cooxidant 2,2(prm1)-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (abts), while an increased anthracene oxidizing ability was observed i ... | 1996 | 16535468 |
| regulation of laccase gene transcription in trametes versicolor. | the expression of laccase in the white rot fungus trametes versicolor is regulated at the level of gene transcription by copper and nitrogen. we used reverse transcription-pcr to demonstrate that as the concentration of copper or nitrogen in fungal cultures was increased, an increase in laccase activity, corresponding to increased laccase gene transcription levels, was observed. in addition, we demonstrated that the amounts of laccase mrna and laccase activity in 10-day-old cultures were a direc ... | 1997 | 16535685 |
| improving the bioremediation of phenolic wastewaters by trametes versicolor. | the successful bioremediation of a phenolic wastewater by trametes versicolor was found to be dependent on a range of factors including: fungal growth, culture age and activity and enzyme (laccase) production. these aspects were enhanced by the optimisation of the growth medium used and time of addition of the pollutant to the fungal cultures. different media containing 'high' (20 g/l), 'low' (2 g/l) and 'sufficient' (10 g/l) concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources were investigated. the m ... | 2007 | 16545562 |
| characterization of armillaria spp. from peach orchards in the southeastern united states using fatty acid methyl ester profiling. | limited information is available regarding the composition of cellular fatty acids in armillaria and the extent to which fatty acid profiles can be used to characterize species in this genus. fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles generated from cultures of a. tabescens, a. mellea, and a. gallica consisted of 16-18 fatty acids ranging from 12-24 carbons in length, although some of these were present only in trace amounts. across the three species, 9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid (9,12-c18:2), ... | 2006 | 16546364 |
| identification of medicinal mushroom species based on nuclear large subunit rdna sequences. | the purpose of this study was to develop molecular identification method for medical mushrooms and their preparations based on the nucleotide sequences of nuclear large subunit (lsu) rdna. four specimens were collected of each of the three representative medicinal mushrooms used in korea: ganoderma lucidum, coriolus versicolor, and fomes fomentarius. fungal material used in these experiments included two different mycelial cultures and two different fruiting bodies from wild or cultivated mushro ... | 2006 | 16554714 |
| composite magnetic particles as carriers for laccase from trametes versicolor. | in this paper we report a study of laccase immobilisation on different kinds of carrier particles. the immobilisation of enzyme on the particle surface with respect to the immobilisation efficiency and the properties of the immobilised enzymes is discussed. the immobilisation of laccase on polystyrene particles bearing reactive beta-diketone groups is characterised by high efficiency, but grafting of the enzyme increases the stability of the colloidal system, which makes the separation/purificat ... | 2006 | 16572475 |